Patent Grant
11229750
All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
This disclosure is generally related to apparatuses and methods for delivering a fluid to a patient. More specifically, this disclosure relates to delivering a viscous fluid, such as a pharmaceutical drug or an injectable material, to a patient.
Every year, more than 600,000 knee replacements and more than 300,000 hip replacements are performed in the United States alone. Some 2.6 million people get facial cosmetic surgery. Pain medications for replacements and fillers for cosmetic surgery are delivered into multiple locations on a knee, hip or face, requiring a relatively large number of injections of significant volumes. Tissues in the knee, hip, and face, such as muscle, ligaments, and tendons, and other connective tissue are dense and fibrous and resist injection, at least in part because pain medications for replacements and fillers for cosmetic surgery are viscous. Viscous fluid typically does not flow well. Viscous fluids can be difficult to expel from a syringe (the current method for delivering these fluids. Expelling a viscous fluid or injecting a resistant tissue requires higher pressure; thus viscous solutions generally take more time to inject, and injecting large quantities of pain medications and fillers can be time-consuming. Expelling a viscous fluid from a syringe can be hard on the operator's hands, and in particular, expelling a large quantity of fluid from a syringe can be hard on the operator's hands. This difficulty may be compounded when injecting a fluid into resistant tissues.
Current methods of delivering viscous fluids using hand-held syringes suffers from these and other many drawbacks. Described herein are apparatuses and methods to deliver viscous fluids in a manner that may address these drawbacks and delivers pain medications, fillers, and other viscous fluids in a manner that is easy, safe, and fast for the benefit of both the patient and the operator providing the treatment.
Described herein are methods and apparatuses (e.g., devices, systems, assemblies, etc.) for injecting fluid, and particularly viscus fluid, into a tissue. These apparatuses may be hand-held apparatuses that can deliver multiple doses of pre-set (e.g., selectable) volumes and/or pressures and/or flow rates of viscus material into the tissue.
For example, described herein are apparatuses for automatic expulsion of a fluid having a body configured to be held in a user's hand, the body comprising: a storage chamber; a first delivery chamber fluidically connected to the storage chamber through a first port; a second delivery chamber fluidically connected to the storage chamber through a second port; a delivery port fluidically connected to the first delivery chamber and the second delivery chamber; and a drive system comprising a transmission operatively connected to the first delivery chamber and the second delivery chamber, wherein the drive system is configured to provide a continuous expulsion of fluid from the delivery port by alternately expelling fluid from the first delivery chamber out of the delivery port while filing the second delivery chamber with fluid from the storage chamber and ejecting fluid from the second delivery chamber out of the delivery port while filling the first delivery chamber with fluid from the storage chamber.
Any of these devices for automatic expulsion of a fluid may include: a hand-held housing configured to hold a storage chamber, a first delivery chamber, and a second delivery chamber, a fluid transfer manifold, and a drive system; a fluid transfer manifold in the housing, the fluid transfer manifold configured to fluidically connect the storage chamber to the first delivery chamber through a first fluidic pathway, to connect the storage chamber to the second delivery chamber through a second fluidic pathway, and to connect the first delivery chamber and the second delivery chamber to an output port; and a drive system in the housing, the drive system comprising a transmission configured to operatively connect to the first delivery chamber and to the second delivery chamber, wherein the drive system is configured to provide a continuous expulsion of fluid from the output port by alternately expelling fluid from the first delivery chamber out of the delivery port at 100 psi or more while filling the second delivery chamber from the storage chamber, and expelling fluid from the second delivery chamber out of the delivery port at 100 psi or more while filling the first delivery chamber from the storage chamber.
The drive system may further comprise a motor configured to drive the transmission and a power source configured to power the motor. In some examples the drive system comprises a battery or a mechanical driver configured to drive the transmission. The transmission may comprise a timing belt. The drive system may be configured to turn the timing belt alternately clockwise and counterclockwise.
Any of these apparatuses may include a fluid transfer manifold connecting the storage chamber, the first delivery chamber, the second delivery chamber, and the delivery port.
The device may be configured to deliver fluid with fluid pressure of at least 100 psi, or at least 150 psi at the delivery port while delivering at least 30 mls fluid, at least 45 mls fluid, at least 60 mls fluid, or at least 100 mls fluid through the fluid manifold.
The device may be configured to deliver fluid through the fluid transfer manifold from 0.5 cc/second to 8 cc per second, or from 1 cc/second to 5 cc/second.
In some examples, the device may include one or more sensors and a controller (e.g., microcontroller) configured to determine an expulsion parameter. For example, the expulsion parameter may correspond to the number of times the first and/or second delivery chamber has been filled, the number of times the first and/or second delivery chamber has been filled emptied, a volume of fluid removed from the device, or a volume of a fluid remaining in the device. In any of these devices, the sensor may comprise a quadrature encoder. Any of these apparatuses may include a limit switch configured to stop device fluid delivery.
In any of these examples, a part of the first fluidic pathway and the second fluidic pathway may be part of the same pathway.
The volume of the storage chamber may be from 15 ml to 175 ml, from 30 ml to 140 ml, and/or from 40 ml to 80 ml, etc. The volume of the storage chamber may be larger than the volume of either or both of the first injection chamber and the second injection chamber. In any of these apparatuses, an inner diameter of the first and/or second delivery chamber may be less than 12.1 mm inner diameter, less than 8.9 mm inner diameter, less than 6.5 mm inner diameter, or less than 4.9 mm inner diameter, etc.
The storage chamber and/or the first delivery chamber and/or the second delivery chamber may comprise a syringe. The syringe may be removable/replaceable. Any of these apparatuses may include an injection needle for fluidically connecting to the output port.
As mentioned, any of these apparatuses may include a controller (e.g., a microcontroller) configured to control the drive system. In some examples the flow rate and/or pressure may be regulated at least in part by the controller. In some examples, the apparatus may be configured to control the flow rate, and/or maintain a constant flow rate and/or constant pressure, by pre-pressurizing the delivery chamber(s) before they are opened for delivering fluid. Thus, any of these methods and apparatuses may include pre-pressurizing (and/or monitoring pressure in) the delivery chambers as part of the reciprocal filling/ejecting cycle.
As mentioned, also described herein are methods of expelling a fluid from an automatic expulsion device, comprising: continuously expelling a fluid from out of delivery port of a hand-held device while triggering a control on the device by alternately: ejecting fluid from out of a first delivery chamber of an automatic expulsion device out of the delivery port at 100 psi or more while filling a second delivery chamber with fluid from a fluid storage chamber of the automatic expulsion device and ejecting fluid from out of a second delivery chamber of the automatic expulsion device out of the delivery port at 100 psi or more while filling the first deliver chamber with fluid from the fluid storage chamber.
Any of these methods may include repeating the expelling and filling steps at least two times, at least five times, or at least ten times, etc. Any of these methods may include measuring or determining an expulsion parameter using a sensor of the automatic expulsion device.
In general, the expulsion parameter may correspond to a number of times the first and/or second delivery chamber has been filled, emptied or moved, a volume of fluid removed from the device, a volume of a fluid remaining in the device, or a fluid pressure. A fluid pressure in a fluid manifold of the device may be between 3 psi and 500 psi, or between 5 psi and 250 psi, etc. Any of these methods may include measuring a fluid pressure of the fluid with a fluid sensor in the device. Thus, any of these methods may include maintaining a pressure and/or flow rate out of the device. As mentioned, a diameter of the first delivery chamber may be less than 12.1 mm inner diameter, less than 8.9 mm inner diameter, less than 6.5 mm inner diameter, or less than 4.9 mm inner diameter, etc. The device may comprise a fluid transfer manifold, the method further comprising delivering fluid having a fluid pressure of at least 100 psi, or at least 150 psi in the fluid transfer manifold.
Any of these methods may include delivering fluid through the fluid transfer manifold from 0.5 cc/second to 8 cc per second, or from 1 cc/second to 5 cc/second, etc.
In any of these methods and apparatuses, the drive system may comprise a motor and a pulley or a roller, and expelling and filling may further comprise rotating the motor and engendering relative motion between the pulley or roller and the first and/or second delivery chambers, to alternately expel and fill the first delivery chamber and the second delivery chamber with fluid. Further, any of these methods may include inserting a hollow sharp needle coupled to the delivery port into a first tissue of a patient. Expelling may include expelling the fluid into a subject through the hollow sharp needle, and/or stopping expelling, moving the hollow sharp needle into a second tissue of the patient, and resuming expelling. This may be repeated (e.g., repeating the stopping step) at least one time, at least two times, at least five times, at least ten times or at least twenty times, etc. Any of these methods may further include taking a tissue sample from a patient through the hollow sharp needle and determining if the tissue sample is a blood sample and removing the hollow sharp needle from the patient without expelling fluid if the tissue sample is a blood sample.
The automatic expulsion device may include a battery or a mechanical energy storage component, the method further comprising powering the expelling and filling steps using the battery or mechanical energy storage component. For example, the automatic expulsion device may comprise a mechanical energy storage component, further comprising manually charging the mechanical energy storage component by moving a lever on the automatic expulsion device.
For example, described herein are apparatuses (e.g., devices and systems) for injecting a fluid (e.g., a medication, including but not limited to viscus or highly viscus fluids). These devices are hand-held and do not require the use of additional cord/connectors. These devices may include multiple operational modes, including filling, injecting and aspirating. In the injecting mode, the device may be configured to run continuously (“freestyle”) or inject a predefined volume of fluid (e.g., 1 cc, 2 cc, 3 cc, 5 cc, 10 cc, etc.).
An apparatus (e.g., a system, a device, etc.) for injecting a fluid may include: a reservoir; a first piston chamber fluidically connected to the reservoir through a manifold; a second piston chamber fluidically connected to the reservoir through the manifold; a plurality of check valves in the manifold; a delivery port fluidically connected to the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber through the manifold; a drive assembly comprising a transmission operatively connected to a first piston in the first piston chamber and a second piston in the second piston chamber, wherein the drive assembly reciprocally moves the first piston and the second piston to drive fluid in a continuous flow out of the delivery port by alternately driving fluid from the second piston chamber and the first piston chamber out of the delivery port while alternately transferring fluid from the reservoir into the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber; a motor coupled to the drive assembly; and a trigger control configured to activate the motor.
The apparatus may include one or more housings enclosing all or some of the components. For example, the apparatus may include a housing comprising a grip region configured to be held in a user's hand. The grip region may be shaped to fit and held into the palm of the user's hand (either left or right hand) and may be generally cylindrical. In some examples the apparatus has two or more portions (such as a fluid-handling portion and a handle portion) that are connected together to form the apparatus (e.g., the device); each of these portions may include a housing at least partially enclosing components specific to each portion. For example, the handle portion may include a housing configured as a grip, as mentioned, and may include a control (e.g., trigger control) that the user may actuate. The handle portion or the fluid-handling portion may include a control (e.g., a fluid volume control) that the user may adjust to select between one or more predetermined delivery volumes and/or a continuous delivery mode in which fluid is delivery continuously while the trigger control is activated by the user.
In general, the apparatuses (e.g., devices) described herein may be configured to deliver fluid from the reservoir at relatively high pressure so as to be able to inject into body tissue that are otherwise resistant to injection. For example, the apparatuses described herein be configured, including the structure and/or arrangement of the manifold, the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber, to drive fluid in the continuous flow at 100 psi or more from the delivery port. In general, the first and second piston chambers may be sized so that they are relatively smaller volume (e.g., 1 cc, 2 cc, 3 cc, 5 cc, etc.) and communicate with the manifold through a small diameter (e.g., 5 mm or less, 4 mm or less, 3 mm or less, 2 mm or less, 1 mm or less) opening. Force is applied by the motor actuating the drive system so that the pistons within each piston chamber are moved in and out reciprocally, so that as one is moved into the piston chambers, the other is moved out of the piston chambers. The movement of the motor may be constant or variable. As will be described below in greater detail in some cases the movement of the motor (the rate) and therefore the movement of the drive system and pistons, may be adjusted based on the user actuation of the trigger control.
Any of these apparatuses (e.g., devices) may include a selector that may be coupled to the manifold and may be configured to select between an injection configuration of the manifold, a filling configuration of the manifold and an aspiration configuration of the manifold. In the injection configuration, the delivery port is in fluid communication with the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber. In the filling configuration the delivery port is closed (manually and/or automatically) and the reservoir is in fluid communication with a fill port. In the aspiration configuration the deliver port is in fluid communication with the fill port through the manifold.
As mentioned, any of these apparatuses may include a fluid volume control configured to select between one or more predetermined delivery volumes or a continuous mode. The device may deliver a volume of fluid based on a setting of the fluid volume control when a user actuates the trigger control. In some examples the fluid volume control is on the handle portion; in some examples the fluid volume control is on the fluid-handling portion. In some examples the controller controls the motor to deliver a volume of fluid based on a setting of the fluid volume control when a user actuates the trigger control.
Any of these apparatuses (e.g., devices) may include on or more indicators for indicating a status of the apparatus. For example, an indicator may be configured to indicate that the power is on/active. The same of a different indicator may indicate that a two (or more) component device is fully connected/assembled. The same of a different indicator may indicate that the reservoir is empty or not empty (and in some cases may indicate an approximate volume of fluid remaining in the reservoir or in the reservoir and piston chambers). The same or a different indicator may indicate that the pressure within the device (e.g., within the manifold) is above or below one or more thresholds. For example, any of these apparatuses (e.g., devices) may) include an indicator indicating when the reservoir is empty. For example, the apparatus may include an indicator may indicate when a pressure within the manifold exceeds a threshold value.
The apparatuses described herein may also include a pressure relief valve. For example, the apparatus may include a pressure relief value in the manifold.
The manifold is described in greater detail herein and may be configured in any of these apparatuses to be compact. The manifold may be configured to change configuration, as mentioned above, to switch between two or more different modes of operation, such as filling, injecting and aspirating. For example, in some cases the manifold may be configured to include a plurality of vales to direct fluid within the valve. Any of the valves described herein may be check valves. For example any of these apparatuses may include a manifold that includes a first check valve and a second check valve that are fluidly coupled to an input to the first piston chamber so that when the manifold is in an injection configuration fluid is passed from the reservoir into the first piston chamber as the first piston is withdrawn in the first piston chamber and fluid is passed from the first piston chamber out of the delivery port when the first piston is advanced in the first piston chamber, wherein the manifold is further configured so that a third check valve and a fourth check valve are fluidly coupled to an input to the second piston chamber so that in when the manifold is in the injection configuration fluid is passed from the reservoir into the second piston chamber as the second piston is withdrawn in the second piston chamber and fluid is passed from the second piston chamber out of the delivery port when the second piston is advanced in the second piston chamber.
In general, the apparatuses described herein may be configured so that they may include or be adapted to couple to a needle. For example, any of these apparatuses may include a delivery port is configured to couple to a needle, e.g., the delivery port may be threaded, or may be configured to couple with a Luer-Lock fitting.
For example, a device for injecting a fluid may include a housing; a reservoir comprising a bag at least partially within the housing; a first piston chamber fluidically connected to the reservoir through a manifold; a second piston chamber fluidically connected to the reservoir through the manifold; a delivery port fluidically connected to the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber through the manifold; a drive assembly comprising a transmission operatively connected to a first piston in the first piston chamber and a second piston in the second piston chamber, wherein the drive assembly reciprocally moves the first piston and the second piston; wherein the manifold is configured so that a first check valve and a second check valve are fluidly coupled to an input to the first piston chamber so that in when the manifold is in an injection configuration, fluid is passed from the reservoir into the first piston chamber as the first piston is withdrawn in the first piston chamber and fluid is passed from the first piston chamber out of the delivery port when the first piston is advanced in the first piston chamber, wherein the manifold is further configured so that a third check valve and a fourth check valve are fluidly coupled to an input to the second piston chamber so that when the manifold is in the injection configuration, fluid is passed from the reservoir into the second piston chamber as the second piston is withdrawn in the second piston chamber and fluid is passed from the second piston chamber out of the delivery port when the second piston is advanced in the second piston chamber; a motor coupled to the drive assembly; and a trigger control configured to activate the motor.
For example, described herein are apparatuses (e.g., devices) for injection of a fluid that include: a reservoir; a manifold comprising a plurality of check valves; a fill port fluidly connected to, or part of, the manifold; a first piston chamber fluidically connected to the manifold; a second piston chamber fluidically connected to the manifold; a drive assembly coupled to a first piston in the first piston chamber and a second piston in the second piston chamber; a delivery port fluidically connected to the manifold; a selector having a first position and a second position; and a spool (also referred to herein as a spool valve) within the manifold that is translationally coupled to the selector, so that: when the selector is in the first position, the delivery port is in fluid communication with the first piston chamber, the second piston chamber and the reservoir through the plurality of check valves so that as the drive assembly reciprocally drives the first piston and the second piston, fluid is alternately transferred from the reservoir and into the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber, and fluid is alternately driven from the second piston chamber and the first piston chamber and out of the delivery port, and when the selector is in the second position the reservoir is in fluid communication with the fill port.
Any of these apparatuses may be configured so that the selector includes a third position, and wherein when the selector is in the third position the delivery port is in fluid communication with the fill port and the reservoir, first piston chamber and second piston chamber are not in fluid communication with the delivery port.
As mentioned above, comprising an overpressure valve within the manifold configured to open when a pressure within the manifold exceeds a threshold value. In some cases, the apparatus may include a pressure sensor within the manifold configured to emit one or more alerts when the pressure sensor detects a pressure greater than a first threshold value or less than a second threshold value. For example, any of these apparatuses may include a pressure sensing chamber within the manifold comprising one or more biases configured to deflect a magnet within the pressure sensing chamber based on a pressure within the manifold.
In general, the manifold may be compact. For example, the manifold may be configured to have a length of about 5 cm or less (e.g., less than 5 cm, 4 cm or less, 3 cm or less, etc.) and height of about 6 cm or less (e.g., less than 6 cm, 5 cm or less, 4 cm or less, 3 cm or less, etc.).
In some examples the apparatus (e.g., device) includes a housing at least partially enclosing the manifold, and/or reservoir, and/or first piston chamber and/or second piston chamber. In some examples this housing may be a first housing, also referred to herein in some examples as an upper housing; this first housing may be coupled to a second housing (e.g., a lower housing). For example, the housing may be configured to couple with a hand-held base comprising a power supply and a motor so that the drive assembly engages with the motor to reciprocate the first piston and the second piston.
As mentioned, any of these apparatuses may include a control for selecting the mode of operation of the apparatus, and in particular for adjusting the state of the manifold. This control may be referred to herein as a selector. In some examples, the selector comprises a cam driving axial movement of the spool within the manifold.
For example, a device for injection of a fluid may include: a reservoir; a manifold comprising a plurality of check valves; a fill port fluidly connected to, or part of, the manifold; a first piston chamber fluidically connected to the manifold; a second piston chamber fluidically connected to the manifold; a drive assembly coupled to a first piston in the first piston chamber and a second piston in the second piston chamber; a delivery port fluidically connected to the manifold; a selector having a first position, a second position, and a third position; and a spool (e.g., spool valve) within the manifold that is translationally coupled to the selector, so that: when the selector is in the first position, the delivery port is in fluid communication with the first piston chamber, the second piston chamber and the reservoir through the plurality of check valves so when that the drive assembly reciprocally drives the first piston and the second piston, fluid is alternately transferred from the reservoir and into the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber and fluid is alternately driven from the second piston chamber and the first piston chamber out of the delivery port in a continuous flow, when the selector is in the second position, the reservoir is in fluid communication with the fill port, and when the selector is in the third position, the delivery port is in fluid communication with the fill port, and the reservoir, the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber are not in fluid communication with the delivery port.
In some examples an apparatus (e.g., a device) for injection of a fluid may include: a reservoir; a manifold comprising a plurality of check valves; a fill port fluidly connected to, or part of, the manifold; a first piston chamber fluidically connected to the manifold; a second piston chamber fluidically connected to the manifold; a drive assembly coupled to a first piston in the first piston chamber and a second piston in the second piston chamber; a delivery port fluidically connected to the manifold; a selector having a first position, a second position, and a third position; a spool within the manifold that is translationally coupled to the selector, so that: when the selector is in the first position, the spool is moved relative to the manifold so that the delivery port is in fluid communication with the first piston chamber, the second piston chamber and the reservoir through the plurality of check valves so that when that the drive assembly reciprocally drives the first piston and the second piston, fluid is alternately transferred from the reservoir and into the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber and fluid is alternately driven from the second piston chamber and the first piston chamber out of the delivery port in a continuous flow, when the selector is in the second position, the spool is moved so that the reservoir is in fluid communication with the fill port, and when the selector is in the third position, the spool is moved relative to the manifold so that the delivery port is in fluid communication with the fill port, and the reservoir, the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber are not in fluid communication with the delivery port; a pressure sensor within the manifold; and an indictor configured to emit one or more alerts when the pressure sensor detects a pressure greater than a first threshold value or less than a second threshold value.
Also described herein are methods of using any of the apparatuses described herein. For example, a method of injecting a fluid may include: maintaining a selector of a hand-held injection device to a first position so that a delivery port of the hand-held injection device is closed and a reservoir within the hand-held injection device is in fluid communication with a fill port; applying the fluid into the reservoir through the fill port of the hand-held injection device; moving the selector of the hand-held injection device to a second position so that the delivery port is in fluid communication with a first piston chamber of the hand-held injection device, a second piston chamber of the hand-held injection device and the reservoir through a plurality of check valves; and engaging a drive assembly of the hand-held injection device when a user engaged a trigger of the hand-held injection device while the selector is in the second position to reciprocally drive a first piston in the first piston chamber and a second piston in the second piston chamber to alternately transfer fluid from the reservoir and into the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber, and to alternately drive fluid from the second piston chamber and the first piston chamber out of the delivery port in a continuous flow.
Maintaining the selector of the hand-held injection device in the first position may include receiving the device with the selector already in the first position, or it may include moving the selector into the first position, or it may include confirming (e.g., by visual inspection or the like) that the selector is in the first position.
Any of these methods may include aspirating fluid through the device (e.g., from a needle attached to the tip). Any of these methods may include moving a selector of the hand-held injection device to a third position so that the delivery port is in fluid communication with the fill port, and the reservoir, the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber are not in fluid communication with the delivery port. For example, the methods described herein may include applying suction on the fill port to aspirate fluid from the delivery port when the selector is in the third position.
For example, a method may include coupling a handle portion of the hand-held injection device to a fluid-handing portion of the hand-held injection device, wherein the fluid-handing portion comprises the delivery port, the fill port, the reservoir, the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber, and wherein the handle portion comprises a power source and a motor.
The methods described herein may include assembling the apparatus from a fluid-handing component and a handle component. For example, any of the methods may include coupling by mechanically coupling the motor with a drive assembly in the fluid-handing portion, wherein the drive assembly couples to a first piston in the first piston chamber and a second piston in the second piston chamber to reciprocally drive the first piston and the second piston.
In any of these methods moving the selector of the hand-held injection device to the first position may comprise translating a spool in a manifold of the hand-held injection device.
Also described herein are apparatuses (and methods for using them) that allow a user (e.g., doctor, surgeon, nurse, assistant, etc.) to control the rate at which fluid is applied by the apparatus, and/or the force or pressure that fluid is applied, based on the force applied to the trigger control (or another control). This may be particularly useful when the apparatus is operated in the continuous (e.g., “freestyle”) mode of operation. For example, described herein are apparatuses (e.g., devices) for injecting a fluid, the device comprising: a reservoir; a first piston chamber fluidically connected to the reservoir through a manifold; a second piston chamber fluidically connected to the reservoir through the manifold; a plurality of check valves in the manifold; a delivery port fluidically connected to the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber through the manifold; a drive assembly comprising a transmission operatively connected to a first piston in the first piston chamber and a second piston in the second piston chamber, wherein the drive assembly reciprocally moves the first piston and the second piston to drive fluid in a continuous flow out of the delivery port by alternately driving fluid from the second piston chamber and the first piston chamber out of the delivery port while alternately transferring fluid from the reservoir into the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber; a motor coupled to the drive assembly; a housing comprising a grip region configured to be held in a user's hand; a trigger control comprising a trigger sensor configured to detect force applied to the trigger control; and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to adjust a rate of the motor based on the force applied to the trigger control.
In some examples the trigger sensor comprises a force sensitive resistor. In some examples, the trigger sensor comprises a pressure sensor. In some examples the trigger control comprises a lever. Alternatively in some examples a separate control on the apparatus (either the handle portion of the fluid-handling portion) may be configured to adjust the rate at which fluid is applied by controlling the rate of movement of the motor and therefore of the drive assembly (and pistons).
As mentioned, any of these apparatuses may include a selector coupled to the manifold and configured to select between an injection configuration of the manifold, a filling configuration of the manifold and an aspiration configuration of the manifold, wherein in the injection configuration the delivery port is in fluid communication with the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber, wherein in the filling configuration the delivery port is closed and the reservoir is in fluid communication with the fill port, and wherein in the aspiration configuration the delivery port is in fluid communication with the fill port through the manifold.
Any of these apparatuses may include a fluid volume control configured to select between one or more predetermined delivery volumes (e.g., 1 cc, 2 cc, 3 cc, 4 cc, 5 cc, 6 cc, 7 cc, 8 cc, 9 cc, 10 cc, 15 cc, etc.) and a continuous mode; the controller may control the motor to deliver a volume of fluid based on a setting of the fluid volume control when the user actuates the trigger control. For example, the controller may be configured to adjust the rate of the motor based on the force applied to the trigger control when the fluid volume control is in the continuous mode.
As mentioned, any of these apparatuses may include an indicator indicating when the reservoir is empty, and/or a pressure relief value in the manifold. Any of these apparatuses may include an indicator indicating when a pressure within the manifold exceeds a threshold value. The manifold may be configured so that a first check valve and a second check valve are fluidly coupled to an input to the first piston chamber so that when the manifold is in an injection configuration fluid is passed from the reservoir into the first piston chamber as the first piston is withdrawn in the first piston chamber and fluid is passed from the first piston chamber out of the delivery port when the first piston is advanced in the first piston chamber, wherein the manifold is further configured so that a third check valve and a fourth check valve are fluidly coupled to an input to the second piston chamber so that in when the manifold is in the injection configuration fluid is passed from the reservoir into the second piston chamber as the second piston is withdrawn in the second piston chamber and fluid is passed from the second piston chamber out of the delivery port when the second piston is advanced in the second piston chamber.
For example, a device for injecting a fluid may include: a reservoir; a first piston chamber fluidically connected to the reservoir through a manifold; a second piston chamber fluidically connected to the reservoir through the manifold; a plurality of check valves in the manifold; a delivery port fluidically connected to the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber through the manifold; a drive assembly comprising a transmission operatively connected to a first piston in the first piston chamber and a second piston in the second piston chamber, wherein the drive assembly reciprocally moves the first piston and the second piston to drive fluid in a continuous flow out of the delivery port by alternately driving fluid from the second piston chamber and the first piston chamber out of the delivery port while alternately transferring fluid from the reservoir into the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber; a motor coupled to the drive assembly; a housing comprising a grip region configured to be held in a user's hand; a trigger control comprising a trigger sensor configured to detect force applied to the trigger control; a fluid volume control configured to select between one or more predetermined delivery volumes and a continuous mode; and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to adjust a rate of the motor based on the force applied to the trigger control when the fluid volume control is set to the continuous mode.
Any of these apparatuses may be configured as two (or more) component devices that may be assembled together by the user (or another) prior to using the apparatus. For example, in some cases the combined apparatus (e.g., a system or device) may include a first fluid-handling portion that coupled to a second handle portion. The two may engage with each other so that a power source and driver (e.g., motor) in the handle portion engages with the drive system in the fluid-handling portion.
In some cases one component (e.g., the fluid handling component) is disposable or single-patient use, while the handle portion may be reusable (e.g., with different patients). Any of these apparatuses (e.g., devices or systems) for injecting a fluid may include: a fluid-handing portion and a handle portion that are coupled together for use. The assembled apparatus may also and equivalently be referred to as a system or as a device; in addition, the individual fluid-handling component may be referred to as a sub-assembly or as a device.
For example, described herein are systems for injecting a fluid, the system comprising: a fluid-handing portion comprising: a reservoir; a first piston chamber fluidically connected to the reservoir through a manifold; a second piston chamber fluidically connected to the reservoir through the manifold; a plurality of check valves in the manifold; a delivery port fluidically connected to the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber through the manifold; a drive assembly comprising a transmission operatively connected to a first piston in the first piston chamber and a second piston in the second piston chamber, wherein the drive assembly reciprocally moves the first piston and the second piston to drive fluid in a continuous flow out of the delivery port by alternately driving fluid from the second piston chamber and the first piston chamber out of the delivery port while alternately transferring fluid from the reservoir into the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber; a first housing at least partially covering the reservoir, manifold, first piston chamber and second piston chamber; and a handle portion comprising: a motor coupled to the drive assembly; a trigger control configured to activate the motor; and a second housing comprising a grip region configured to be held in a user's hand, wherein the handle portion and the fluid-handling portion are configured to releasably couple so that the motor engages with the drive assembly to reciprocate the first piston and the second piston.
Any of these apparatuses may include a securement to hold two (or more) components, such as the fluid-handling portion and the handle portion, together. For example, any of these apparatuses may include a latch configured to releasably secure the fluid-handing portion to the handle portion. The securement may include a lock. In some examples the two (or more) components may be permanently coupled together or may be temporarily (e.g., releasably) coupled together.
In general, the apparatuses described herein may include one or more sensors, such as pressure sensors, that may monitor and react to pressure within the apparatus, and particularly within the manifold, such as by applying a warning, releasing a pressure release valve, triggering an alert, etc. For example, any of these apparatuses (e.g., systems) described herein may include a magnet within the manifold of the fluid-handling portion configured to move relative to an internal fluid pressure within the manifold, wherein the handle portion comprises a magnetic sensor configured to detect a position or a change in position of the magnet.
In some examples the fluid-handling portion may include a selector coupled to the manifold and configured to select between an injection configuration of the manifold, a filling configuration of the manifold and an aspiration configuration of the manifold, wherein in the injection configuration the delivery port is in fluid communication with the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber, wherein in the filling configuration the delivery port is closed and the reservoir is in fluid communication with a fill port, and wherein in the aspiration configuration the delivery port is in fluid communication with the fill port through the manifold.
In some examples the apparatus may include a fluid volume control on the handle portion configured to select between one or more predetermined delivery volumes or a continuous mode, wherein the system delivers a volume of fluid based on a setting of the fluid volume control when the user actuates the trigger control.
In some examples, the handle portion comprises a fluid volume control selectable by the user and configured to select between one or more predetermined delivery volumes and a continuous mode, and a controller, wherein the controller controls the motor to deliver a volume of fluid based on a setting of the fluid volume control when the user actuates the trigger control.
As mentioned, any of these apparatuses may include a manifold that is configured so that a first check valve and a second check valve are fluidly coupled to an input to the first piston chamber so that when the manifold is in an injection configuration fluid is passed from the reservoir into the first piston chamber as the first piston is withdrawn in the first piston chamber and fluid is passed from the first piston chamber out of the delivery port when the first piston is advanced in the first piston chamber, wherein the manifold is further configured so that a third check valve and a fourth check valve are fluidly coupled to an input to the second piston chamber so that in when the manifold is in the injection configuration fluid is passed from the reservoir into the second piston chamber as the second piston is withdrawn in the second piston chamber and fluid is passed from the second piston chamber out of the delivery port when the second piston is advanced in the second piston chamber.
The apparatuses described herein may be operated as part of a surgical or non-surgical, including cosmetic indications. For example, although the majority of the examples described herein may be used to apply a medication to a patient (human and non-human patients, including animals), these apparatuses and methods may also or alternatively be used to apply a fluid to plants and other organisms. These apparatuses may be used to apply fluid (including in particular a viscus fluid) as part of any method that would benefit from the controlled injection of fluid.
For example, described herein are methods, comprising: assembling a fluid-handing portion of an injection system with a handle portion of the injection system by coupling the fluid-handling portion to the handle portion so that a motor in the handle portion engages a drive assembly in the fluid-handling portion; filling a reservoir within the fluid-handling portion with a fluid while a selector on the fluid-handling portion is set to a fill position so that a manifold within the fluid-handling portion is in a fill configuration with the reservoir in fluid communication with a fill port on the fluid-handling portion through the manifold; setting the selector on the fluid-handing portion to an injection position so that the manifold is in an injection configuration in which a delivery port of the fluid-handing portion is in fluid communication with a first piston chamber, a second piston chamber and the reservoir through a plurality of check valves; and ejecting fluid from the delivery port when a trigger control on the handle portion is activated by activating the motor so that the drive assembly reciprocally drives a first piston in the first piston chamber and a second piston in the second piston chamber to alternately transfer fluid from the reservoir and into the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber, and to alternately drive fluid from the second piston chamber and the first piston chamber out of the delivery port in a continuous flow. In some examples, assembling the fluid-handling portion turns on power to the injection system.
Any of these methods may include attaching an injection needle to the delivery port (e.g., via a Lure lock attachment on the delivery port). Any of these methods may include setting the selector to a fill position prior to filling the reservoir. Fluid may be filled by applying (e.g., from a syringe or other connector attached to the fill port on the apparatus (e.g., on the fluid-handling portion, coupled to the manifold). In one example a 60 cc syringe of fluid material to be injected with the device may be loaded via the fill port (via a Luer lock connector). When filling the delivery port may be closed, automatically (e.g., by the change in configuration of the manifold, e.g., by one or more valves, include a ball valve) and/or manually by capping or closing the delivery port. For example, any of these methods may include closing the delivery port before filling the reservoir. Prior to injection, any of these methods may include priming the injection system.
In some examples, the method includes setting a fluid volume control to a pre-set volume mode (e.g., to deliver a pre-set volume such as 1 cc, 2 cc, 3 cc, etc.) or to a continuous delivery mode prior to ejecting fluid from the delivery port. The method of claim 62, wherein
In any of these methods, ejecting fluid from the delivery port may include ejecting fluid to a predefined volume when a fluid volume control is set to a predefined volume mode. In some examples, ejecting fluid to the predefined volume comprises encoding movement of the drive assembly and comparing the encoded movement to a predefined value. In some examples ejecting fluid from the delivery port comprises adjusting a rate of movement of the drive assembly based on force applied to the trigger control. For example, ejecting fluid from the delivery port may comprise continuously ejecting fluid from the delivery port while the trigger control is activated by a user.
Any of the methods may include ejecting fluid from the delivery port by reciprocating the motor so that the motor is driven alternately clockwise and counterclockwise. The reciprocating movement of the motor may thus drive the drive assembly (e.g., a pulley, belt, etc.) in a reciprocating manner to move the attached pistons in and out of their respective piston chambers.
Any of these methods may include setting the selector on the fluid-handing portion to an aspiration position so that the manifold is in an aspiration configuration in which the delivery port is in fluid communication with the fill port and the reservoir, the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber are not in fluid communication with the delivery port. For example, these methods may include aspirating through the injection system by applying suction to the fill port.
Thus, described herein are methods comprising: filling a reservoir within a hand-held injection system with a fluid while a selector on the hand-held injection system is set to a fill position so that a manifold within the hand-held injection system is in a fill configuration with the reservoir in fluid communication with a fill port on the hand-held injection system through the manifold; setting the selector to an injection position so that the manifold is in an injection configuration in which a delivery port of the hand-held injection system is in fluid communication with a first piston chamber, a second piston chamber and the reservoir through a plurality of check valves; and ejecting fluid from the delivery port when a trigger control on a handle of the hand-held injection system is activated so that a drive assembly reciprocally drives a first piston in the first piston chamber and a second piston in the second piston chamber to alternately transfer fluid from the reservoir and into the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber, and to alternately drive fluid from the second piston chamber and the first piston chamber out of the delivery port in a continuous flow.
In some examples, the reservoir of any of the apparatuses described herein may be configured as a collapsible/conformable bag. The bag may be biased within a housing of the apparatus so that there is a pressure applied to drive the fluid out of the reservoir, even when not actively pumped (e.g., by the action of the piston movement in the piston chambers). This may help assist the apparatus in injecting fluid and in rapidly reloading the piston chambers.
For example, described herein are apparatuses in which the reservoir comprises a bag and a foam material arranged against the bag to provide a compressive force. In some examples the device includes: a housing; a reservoir comprising a bag at least partially within the housing; a compressible foam within the housing and adjacent to the reservoir, and configured to apply a compressive force to collapse the reservoir; a first piston chamber fluidically connected to the reservoir through a manifold; a second piston chamber fluidically connected to the reservoir through the manifold; a delivery port fluidically connected to the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber through the manifold; a drive assembly comprising a transmission operatively connected to a first piston in the first piston chamber and a second piston in the second piston chamber, wherein the drive assembly reciprocally moves the first piston and the second piston; wherein the manifold is configured so that a first check valve and a second check valve are fluidly coupled to an input to the first piston chamber so that in when the manifold is in an injection configuration, fluid is passed from the reservoir into the first piston chamber as the first piston is withdrawn in the first piston chamber and fluid is passed from the first piston chamber out of the delivery port when the first piston is advanced in the first piston chamber, wherein the manifold is further configured so that a third check valve and a fourth check valve are fluidly coupled to an input to the second piston chamber so that when the manifold is in the injection configuration, fluid is passed from the reservoir into the second piston chamber as the second piston is withdrawn in the second piston chamber and fluid is passed from the second piston chamber out of the delivery port when the second piston is advanced in the second piston chamber. In some examples the compressive foam is an open cell foam. The reservoir may be driven against the housing by the compressible foam.
These apparatuses may include any of the features described above. For example, the apparatus (e.g., device) may include a selector on the housing having a first position and second position, wherein the selector is configured to transition the manifold between the injection configuration corresponding to the first position and a fill configuration corresponding to the second position, wherein in the fill configuration the reservoir is in fluid communication with a fill port in fluid communication with the manifold. The device of may include an overpressure valve within the manifold configured to open when a pressure within the manifold exceeds a threshold value. In some examples, the device may include a pressure sensor within the manifold configured to emit one or more alerts when the pressure sensor detects a pressure greater than a first threshold value or less than a second threshold value. For example, the device may include a pressure sensing chamber within the manifold comprising one or more biases configured to deflect a magnet within the pressure sensing chamber based on a pressure within the manifold.
In some examples a device for injecting a fluid may include: a housing; a reservoir comprising a bag at least partially within the housing; a compressible foam within the housing and adjacent to the reservoir, and configured to apply a compressive force to collapse the reservoir; a first piston chamber fluidically connected to the reservoir through a manifold; a second piston chamber fluidically connected to the reservoir through the manifold; a plurality of check valves in the manifold; a delivery port fluidically connected to the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber through the manifold; and a drive assembly comprising a transmission operatively connected to a first piston in the first piston chamber and a second piston in the second piston chamber, wherein the drive assembly reciprocally moves the first piston and the second piston to drive fluid in a continuous flow out of the delivery port by alternately driving fluid from the second piston chamber and the first piston chamber out of the delivery port while alternately transferring fluid from the reservoir into the first piston chamber and the second piston chamber.
Thus, in general, the apparatuses described herein may include devices for injecting a fluid that include: a reservoir; two or more piston chamber fluidically connected to a reservoir through a manifold and to the reservoir, and a drive assembly and motor for driving the injection of fluid from the two or more piston chambers into the manifold and out of a delivery port (to which an needle may be attached). The device may also include a handle with a control to actuate the device (such as a trigger control). Any of these devices may include a controller that may control activation of the device. The manifold may be configured with valves for switching between the two or more piston chambers so that a continuous flow out of the delivery port may be achieved. In some examples the device may include a control (switch, lever, etc.) for switching between a continuous mode or a pre-set volume delivery mode. Any of these device may include a control for switching between injection/injecting, re-filling of the reservoir, and in some examples, aspirating from the injection port.
Also described herein are apparatuses (devices and systems) in which the drive assembly includes a belt coupled to the pistons to alternately drive and retract the pistons of the piston chambers. The belt may be a chain, wire, robe, etc. The belt let may be reciprocated (e.g., driven in a first direction, then a second direction, based on the gearing and/or under control of a controller. The controller may control the operation (and/or direction of rotation) of one or more motors.
Any of the apparatuses described herein may include one or more registration checkpoints as described herein. The registration check points may be used for tracking and/or controlling movement and/or operation of the apparatus. For example, one or more registration checkpoints may be present on the front, back, left side, right side, top and/or bottom.
The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the claims that follow. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative examples, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:
The apparatuses (e.g., devices, systems, etc., including in particular high-pressure injectors) described herein may inject a fluid, such as a drug and including, but not limited to, a viscus fluid, through a small-gauge needle into material, including the tissues of a body. The apparatus may provide the mechanical energy rejected to inject the fluid thereby reducing the operating force on the user's hand during an injection. These apparatuses may also inject within a set pressure range, and may inject a preset volume (e.g., 1 cc, 2 cc, 3 cc, 5 cc, 10 cc, etc.) and/or continuously. The injection may be at a constant rate or a rate that is input by the user as the user is injecting.
The apparatuses described herein may provide the injection energy during the injection. These apparatuses may be used for more than 15 (more than 20, more than 25, etc.) separate injections, and may include a refillable reservoir of between 30 cc to 60 cc (or more) capacity.
One particular advantage of these apparatuses is the ability of the device to both aspirate and to inject (in addition to filling). For example, a user (e.g., a doctor, surgeon, etc.) may aspirate through the same needle from which injections are performed. This may allow the user to confirm the absence/presence of any arterial inflow.
These apparatuses may inject materials at an injection rate that is greater than 0.25 cc/sec (e.g., 9.5 cc/sec, 0.75 cc/sec, 1 cc/sec, 1.25 cc/sec, etc.). The injection rate may be substantially constant. This injection rate may be significantly faster than manual injection (which may be less than 0.2 cc/sec and may require significant manual force). The apparatus may use any appropriate gauge needle, such as between 20 G-32 G (e.g., 20-22 G needle, 30-32 G needle, etc.), and any appropriate length of needle (such as between ½ inch to 3 inches, e.g., 1 inch, 1.5 inch, 2 inches, etc.).
As used herein a viscous material that may be injected using the apparatuses described herein may have a viscosity of between about 10 mPa*s and about 5000 mPa*s (at about 20 degrees C.). Thus, as will be described in greater detail here, these apparatuses may be used for a viscous fluid having a viscosity of less than about 5000 mPa*s (e.g., less than about 4000 mPa*s, less than about 3000 mPa*s, less than about 2000 mPa*s, less than about 1000 mPa*s, less than about 500 mPa*s, less than about 300 mPa*s, less than about 200 mPa*s, less than about 100 mPa*s, etc. at about 20 degrees C.).
In some examples, the apparatuses (e.g., systems, devices, kits and assemblies) and methods are described herein for delivering fluid to a patient, and particularly for delivering one or more doses of a viscous fluid using an apparatus that is configured to automatically and selectively deliver a predetermined dose at a high pressure. In some examples the material delivered may be highly viscus. These apparatuses may store multiple doses of the viscous material and are configured to provide sufficiently high fluid pressure to deliver the multiple doses of the viscous fluid, e.g., at set and/or selectable volumes, to the patient in ways that may be fast, easy, and safe for both the patient receiving the fluid and the operator delivering the fluid.
The apparatuses and methods described herein may be especially useful for delivering (e.g., topically or by injecting) viscous material into a patient's tissue. A viscous fluid may, for example, have viscosity of greater than 1×10−4 Pa*S, greater than 5×104 Pa*S, greater than 1×10−3 Pa*S, greater than 5×10−3 Pa*S, or greater than 1×10−2 Pa*S. The apparatuses and methods described herein may be especially useful for delivering (e.g., topically or by injecting) a relatively large quantity of fluid to a patient. In some examples, a fluid of interest may be viscous and diluted prior to injection to reduce its viscosity, resulting in a large amount of diluted fluid to be delivered. The devices described herein, which may be automatic and/or continuous filling, may allow effective and safe injection of a viscous fluid and/or a relative large quantity of any fluid. In some particular examples, the apparatuses may be configured to provide sufficiently high fluid pressure to inject the viscous fluid into a plurality of tissues, some or all of which may be highly resistant to injection. For example, the apparatuses may be useful for injecting a fluid (medicament) into tissues of a joint, such as periosteum, (a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping a bone), ligaments, tendons, and other joint tissues. The apparatuses and methods described herein may be especially useful for delivering (topically or by injecting) a viscous fluid to a patient.
The viscosity of a fluid is related to its internal resistance to flow. Viscosity can be defined in two ways: “kinematic viscosity” or “absolute viscosity.” Kinematic viscosity is a measure of the resistive flow of a fluid under an applied force. The SI unit of kinematic viscosity is mm2/sec, which is 1 centistoke (cSt). Absolute viscosity, sometimes called dynamic or simple viscosity, is the product of kinematic viscosity and fluid density. The SI unit of absolute viscosity is the millipascal-second (mPa-sec) or centipoise (cP), where 1 cP=1 mPa-sec.
The apparatuses described herein may generally be configured for continuous delivery of a material (e.g., a viscus material) into a patient, as described below. In some examples the material may be intermittently delivered, e.g., by pulsatile injection.
These apparatuses, which may be referred to herein a injectors, injector devices, devices for automatic expulsion of a fluid, or the like, are typically hand-held devices that may include a trigger or other control that may be actuated by the user to deliver a flow of material (viscus material) a constant or variable flow rate. The flow rate may be set by the user either before or during operation and may be adjustable. In some examples the flow rate is constant. In some examples the flow rate is pulsatile.
Any of these apparatuses may be configured as automatic or semi-automatic. For example, these apparatuses may include a drive motor that is generally located on the hand-held device. In some examples, the drive motor may be positioned at the proximal end of the hand-held device, e.g., near or at the upper end of the handle, so that it does not interface with the injection site. These devices may generally include a needle (hollow sharp distal end) extending from the distal end of the device. The device may include a plurality of valves to allow the control of flow from multiple sources, including multiple storages sources, such as multiple chambers and/or multiple removable bodies (e.g., in some examples syringe bodies). In some examples the plurality of valves may be held within and/or formed integrally as part of a fluid valve body, such as a fluid valve body assembly. The fluid valve body may be configured for injection molding processing and assembly. Any of these apparatuses may also include a controller, such as an electronic or electronics controller, which may be held within a housing in/on the device. The controller may control and/or coordinate operation of the apparatus as will be described in greater detail below.
In some examples the apparatus may include a control, such as a switch, selector, dial, valve, etc. configured as an injection selection switch. This control may have multiple settings that may control operation of the apparatus, including the selection of the amount of material to be injected per actuation of the device (e.g., by pulling or holding the trigger). For example, the switch may include settings for two or more of: continuous, 1 cc, 2 cc, 4 cc, 10 cc, etc., to control the device to deliver the selected amount per trigger pull. In general, the selection may be controlled based on the volume to be delivered. Alternatively or additionally, the apparatus may be configured to control delivery pressure (e.g., selecting among multiple delivery pressures). In some examples the apparatus may be calibrated to deliver a predetermined volume based on a selected delivery pressure, or vice versa.
Any of the apparatuses described herein may also or alternatively include one or more indicators on the body of the apparatus for indication the status of the apparatus, including the operational status and/or the amount of material delivered, to be delivered and/or remaining the body of the apparatus. For example, in some examples the apparatus includes one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) that are configured to indicate injection status (ready to inject, injecting/system OK, over pressure/fault/motor stall fault, etc.) These different states may be indicated by color and/or position (e.g., yellow, green, red, etc.). To transition between operational states, the apparatus may be configured so that the user operates a control (such as the trigger), e.g., by releasing and/or sequentially releasing and engaging the trigger, etc. This may be indicated by the one or more indicators.
In some examples, the apparatus may be configured so that the user may apply a selectable amount of pressure to the grip and/or control (e.g., trigger) in order to control operation of the device, including control operation of the speed/rate of injection, the pressure, etc. For example, in some examples the apparatus may include one or more force sensitive resistors (FSRs) embedded in the handle grip. The selector may sense an amount of force (grip strength) on the handle or a region of the handle and may adjust the sleep of the injection. For example, if the injector is in a continuous position then squeezing the handle may be detected by the force sensor(s) and may adjust the speed of injection. The force sensor may be coupled to the controller (e.g., a micro-controller) that may then adjust the operation of the apparatus.
In addition to the delivery connector 36,
For example, by way of example only, a knee may be injected as shown in
In general, any of the apparatuses described herein may include two or more (e.g., a plurality) of sub-chambers, such as sub-cylinders, as secondary delivery chambers that mechanically multiply for force applied by the apparatus when delivering material from the storage chamber out of the needle. The apparatus may reciprocally pump, via one or more pistons, fluid from the storage chamber (which may be swapped out and/or refilled), into the smaller-volume secondary delivery chambers, and them reciprocally pumped out of the smaller-volume secondary delivery chambers and out of the distal end tip of the device, as described in greater detail below. In some examples, the ratio of the size and dimensions of the secondary delivery chambers may be calibrated so that the force required to pump from the smaller secondary chamber in order to achieve the higher pressure is less than a threshold.
The first valve 140 is in the fluidic pathway between the storage chamber 20 and both the first delivery chamber 58 and the second delivery chamber 78. The second valve 142 is in the fluidic pathway between the first delivery chamber 58 and the delivery port 42. The third valve 144 is in the fluidic pathway between the second delivery chamber 78 and the delivery port 42. While the first delivery chamber 58 is expelling its fluid payload to the delivery port 42 (and the patient through a delivery element), the second delivery chamber 78 is filling with fluid from the storage chamber 20; the first valve 140 is open, and fluid flows from first delivery chamber 58 to the delivery port 42. As fluid is pulled into the second delivery chamber 78 from the storage chamber 20 by the pull from the second plunger 80 being withdrawn (by the rotating transmission system), the second valve 142 closes. The first valve 140, the second valve 142, the third valve 144, and the fourth valve 146 may be, for example, one way check valves or other automatic valves. In preparation for using a device 4, the device may be primed. If a device does not already have delivery chambers and/or storage chambers, delivery chambers and/or storage chambers may be loaded or attached to the device. The plunger 52 of the storage chamber 20 may be pushed to load fluid into the first delivery chamber 58 and/or second delivery chamber 78 to prime the device. Some examples include the step of priming (e.g., manually priming or with a trigger) the first delivery chamber 58 or priming (manually priming) the second delivery chamber 78. Once primed, atmospheric pressure on the storage chamber 20 (e.g., syringe or tubing) fills the first delivery chamber 58 and the second delivery chamber 78 on their intake strokes as the transmission rotates. Pressures from about 5 psi to about 400 psi (e.g., between 5 and 300 psi, between 5 and 250 psi, between 5 and 225 psi, between 5 and 200 psi, etc.) may be generated in the device 4. In some examples, the automatic expulsion device may be configured to deliver fluid with a fluid pressure of at least 5 psi, at least 10 psi, at least 50 psi, at least 100 psi, or at least 150 psi, and/or less than 500 psi, less than 400 psi, less than 300 psi, less than 250 psi, less than 200 psi, less than 150 psi, less than 100 psi or anything between these values. The pressure may be determined anywhere in the device. In some examples, the pressure can be determined in the first delivery chamber 58, the second delivery chamber 78 (if the device has one), or at the tip of a combined storage/delivery chamber (see below). In some particular examples, pressure may be determined at the tip of any of these chambers. Any or all of the first delivery chamber 58, the second delivery chamber 78, and/or the combined storage/delivery chamber may include a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure. The pressure sensor may have a feedback loop to the motor/microcircuit. A delivery element 38 may be a hollow sharp 34 such as a needle, such as from a 20 gauge needle to a 32 gauge needle (e.g., a 21 gauge needle, a 22 gauge needle, a 23 gauge needle, a 25 gauge needle, a 27 gauge needle, a 30 gauge needle, 31 gauge needle, or a 32 gauge needle). In some examples, a larger (lower gauge) needle may be useful for injection into a joint. In some examples, a smaller (higher gauge) needle may be useful for facial injection. Pressure between 5 psi and 500 psi (e.g., between 5 and 400, between 5 and 300, between 5 and 250, between 5 and 200, etc.) may be generated with ˜3-5 lbf delivered from the motor (e.g., a geared DC motor) and timing belt. The device may be configured to deliver at least 30 mls fluid, at least 45 mls fluid, at least 60 mls fluid, at least 100 mls, or at least 200 mls fluid or up to 200 mls, up to 100 mls, up to 60 mls, up to 45 ml, up to 30 mls at a given pressure. For any of the examples described herein, the device may be configured to deliver fluid (e.g., through the fluid transfer manifold) at a rate of 0.5 cc/second to 8 cc per second, such as from 1 cc/second to 5 cc/second for a given pressure and volume. A timing belt may be low cost, symmetric, and package well.
Peristaltic Fluid Delivery Systems
Also described herein are peristaltic systems for an injection device for fluid delivery using pressurized fluid to move the fluid through the device. Thus, any of these apparatuses may be configured to operate via peristaltic fluid delivery.
In
Any of the apparatuses described herein may be reusable or alternatively disposable. In some examples these apparatuses may include a reusable frame that engages with one or more disposable syringes. For example, the example shown in
Any of the devices described herein may be configured to be sterilizable, such as by an autoclave and so may include parts that are resistant to heat and/or pressure. Any of the devices described herein may be made to have components that integral, built-in, and disposable so that the whole device is disposable. Any of the devices described herein may have parts that are readily separable such that part of a device is disposable and part is reusable. For example, in some examples, the grip (pistol grip), motor, microcircuit, and/or battery could be reusable and the fluid transfer manifold and first and second delivery chambers are disposable. In some examples, the battery could be a rechargeable battery and the reusable part of the device may be configured so that the battery is available to be recharged. Furthermore, disposable parts may be simple and low cost in order to keep manufacturing costs down. For example, a small timing belt may be low cost, symmetric, and package well. In some examples, part of the device may be removable for separate disposal. For example, a device may be configured to have a readily removable battery so that the battery can be disposed of or recycled separately from the rest of the device.
Fluids
The devices described herein may be used to deliver various fluids, but may be especially useful for delivery of a viscous fluid. Examples of some fluids that may be delivered include abobotulinumtoxinA, an analgesic, articaine, Botox®, botulinum toxin, bupivacaine, calcium hydroxylapatite, collagen, a colloid, dermal filler, dexamethasone, dibucaine, Dysport®, an emulsion, etidocaine, Exparel®, fat, a gel, hyaluronic acid, lidocaine, a liposome encapsulated drug, mepivacaine, onabotulinumtoxinA, poly-L-lactic acid, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), prilocaine, procaine, ropivacaine, tetracaine including mixtures and/or salts and/or derivatives thereof. In some particular examples, the automatic expulsion device may be used to deliver a bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension (Exparel®). A fluid as used herein may include a liquid, a suspension. A fluid for delivery with the automatic expulsion device described herein may include particles (microparticles), such as particles with a mean diameter of 0.5 μm to 100 μm, 5 μm to 75 μm, 10 μm to 60 μm, 15 μm to 75 μm, 20 μm to 50 μm.
In
In
Overall, the example device functioned very well. The device did not stall with injection with either 22 or 25 gauge needle. The tissue was injected multiple times in 2 rows, each row with a different gauge needle (e.g., 22 G and 25 G). There was no discernable difference between either needles. The syringe did not stall secondary to increased resistance given the gauge difference.
The device 2700 is similar to that shown in
In the example shown in
In the aspiration mode, negative pressure may be applied to the fill port by, e.g., a small (1 cc, 3 cc, 5 cc, etc.) syringe to draw fluid out of the delivery port. Aspiration can be performed to confirm that a needle attached to the delivery port is position in a desired location within the structure being injected, and the material aspirated may be viewed through the walls of the syringe or in some cases sampled using one or more sensors coupled to the fill port.
Any of these apparatuses may also include circuitry, such as a microcontroller, for controlling the operation of the device. The controller (e.g., control circuitry) may receive inputs from the controls (e.g., the trigger control 2709, the fluid volume control 2799, etc.) and one or more sensors (e.g., pressure sensor, force sensors, etc.). In the example shown in
In the continuous mode, the fluid may be injected continuously at a rate determined by the controller, in some cases by a dedicated circuit. In any of the preset modes, the fluid may be injected at a fixed rate (and therefore volume) to specifically inject the predetermined amount of the fluid. The fixed rate and the predetermined amount of fluid may be pre-calibrated (e.g., factory calibrated). In some examples the controller may receive input from one or more encoders encoding movement of the drive (e.g., motor) and/or the drive assembly. The controller may determine the volume delivered based on the encoder input. For example, when the apparatus is operating in the injection mode, the piston chambers 58 and 78 have a fixed volume (e.g., 1 cc each, 1.5 cc each, 2 cc each, 2.5 cc each, etc.) and may therefore deliver a metered amount of fluid per stroke. Thus the encoder (sensor 100) may determine the number of full or partial strokes and therefore the volume. For example, a single physical stroke of fluid may relate to a specific number of an encoder counts. Any appropriate encoder and control circuitry may be used to determine, and limit, the volume delivered per actuation.
An encode may be on the motor, the drive assembly (e.g., drive sprocket, gearing, etc.) and/or the idler. In some examples the encoder is on the motor itself, so that rotational movement of the motor may be detected providing a fine control for movement of the drive assembly and therefore the pistons driving fluid injection. In some examples an encoder may not be used, but instead bang-bang control loop may be used to control, e.g. continuous ejection of fluid.
The trigger (trigger control 2709) shown in
As mentioned in
Any of these apparatuses may also include an indicator, such as an LED indicator, display, etc., to indicate certain safe operating conditions. In some examples the LED may include different color indicators (e.g., green, blue, red, white, etc.) which may correspond to different alters, such as low/no fluid in the reservoir, pressure too high, power on/off, battery low, etc. In some cases, multiple LEDs, which may be labeled, may be present at different locations on the housing.
In some examples, as discussed above, pressure applied on the trigger 2709 in the continuous injection mode may change the injection rate of the fluid. For example, higher pressure applied by the user to the trigger may result in a higher the injection rare and vice versa. The device can be operated at a pressure of 100 psi or higher; in some cases pressure may be limited or prevented from exceeding a pressure limit threshold to prevent harm to tissue when treating a patient. For example, in some cases the output pressure of the apparatus from the delivery port may be limited, e.g., to 600 psi or less, 500 psi or less, 400 psi or less, 300 psi or less, 200 psi or less, 150 psi or less, 100 psi or less, 90 psi or less, 80 psi or less, 70 psi or less, etc. Pressure may be limited by controlling the speed (or rate) of actuating the driver (e.g., motor) and/or the drive assembly that drives the pistons within their respective piston chambers. Pressure may be detected within the manifold, including with a pressure detection chamber as will be described in greater detail below in reference to
In some examples the apparatus may be adapted for use with hydrodissection, e.g., application in which high pressure injection may be used for the treatment of dense connective tissue lesions including rheumatoid nodules, Dupuytren's contracture, and trigger finger. In these cases, the apparatus may be configured to deliver a high pressure between about 200 psi and 600 psi specifically. For example, the apparatus may be configured to deliver a higher pressure output which may be set by a control on the device. The liquid delivered may be saline or other therapeutic liquid (e.g., drug).
An indicator on or associated with the apparatus may be used to indicate conditions such as “fluid low” or “high pressure” as mentioned. For example, a yellow light can indicate that the device low on fluid. or a flashing red color may indicate that the applied pressure (which translates to a the injection rate) exceeds a safe threshold value which can lead to too much tissue resistance. This may signal and prompt the user to remove the device from the tissue and restart.
In operation, the device may first be primed and the trigger pressed. To prime, the device may be loaded (filled), for example, the reservoir may be filled by setting the selector to the fill mode (or confirming that it is already in the fill mode) to place the manifold in the filling configuration, and then attaching a source of fluid to the fill port, such as a 60 cc syringe of fluid material to be injected. With the device in the fill mode, the fill port is connected to the reservoir, which may start out collapsed. The fluid may then be added into the reservoir through the fill port, expanding the reservoir. After filling, the selector may be set to the injection mode, and the device may be primed by aiming it upright (e.g., pointing the delivery port up) which will drive any air bubbles in the manifold and/or reservoir towards the delivery port. In the injection mode, the fluid volume control may optionally be set to continuous delivery mode and the trigger may be pressed to operate the device in continuous mode until fluid flows continuously out of the device (e.g., in a continuous stream).
In some examples, such as that shown in
For example, the apparatus may detect the pressure, e.g., in the manifold, which may be used to indicate the amount of fluid (or at least the presence of fluid). For example, if the pressure within the manifold is negative (or approaches zero for examples in which pressure is applied against the reservoir) the reservoir may be empty. A negative pulling pressure (e.g., vacuum) can be detected, indicating no more fluid in the bag.
For example, in
Generally two or more piston chambers may be used. Each piston chamber may be connected to the manifold, e.g., via a piston manifold connector 2112, 2112′ (as shown in FIG. 21C). The manifold may also include a connector to connect to the reservoir (e.g., reservoir connector 2116).
In the exploded view of
For example, as described, the pressure sensor may be configured as a pressure-sensing chamber (e.g., bore) that is fluidly connected at one end to the high pressure side of the manifold. The pressure sensor assembly may include a plunger with an o-ring seal. The end of the bore opposite the high pressure side may be vented to atmosphere (e.g., the proximal end). Two biases, such as two precision springs, may locate the plunger within the bore. As pressure increases in the manifold (e.g., within the spool), the plunger may move to the vented side of the bore against the first spring. If pressure falls below atmosphere, the plunger moves toward the high pressure side. The spring rates may be selected such that the plunger moves a predetermined distance at a given pressure. For example, the plunger may move 2 mm at a pressure inside the manifold of 107 psi.
In this example, a magnet may be concentrically housed inside the plunger. For example, an N54 magnet may be axially polarized. The device may include a linear hall effect sensor. This sensor may be disposed, e.g., about 1 mm away from the pressure sensing bore which may be about 3 mm from the magnet surface. The sensor may be offset from the active hall element such that when the magnet moves, the sensor produces a maximized output signal. This offset may be approximately 3 mm and may provide approximately ¼ full scale ratiometric output from 0-107 psi as the magnet moves about 2 mm. This corresponds to about 300 LSB counts on a 10 bit A/D convertor inside an embedded controller reading the signal. This output is approximately linear and sufficient to allow the controller to sense over and under pressure conditions using lower cost and robust components.
The fluid manifold assembly may include, e.g., four check valves and one or more additional valves (e.g., a ball valve), as described in addition, the body of the manifold assembly may include two chambers when assembled and sealed including a low pressure chamber connected to the reservoir through the spool residing in the chamber. The check valves and the high pressure chamber may be connected to the delivery port (which may be configured as an output needle Luer fitting), through one or more (e.g., two) output check valves.
In some examples, a ball valve may be positioned at the distal end of the spool, so that fluid passing into the spool is selectively operated to either separate the high-pressure chamber from the output chamber, or to allow fluid to pass from the high pressure to the low pressure (outlet) side. The ball valve may be combined with a spring element to provide a pressure relief valve functionality if the pressure at the output half exceeds some predetermined value. When opening against the spring, fluid returns to the bladder saving the device from damage.
As described above, the apparatus includes three distinct states of the fluid system: injection, filling and aspiration. A selector control (“selector) on the device may include positions corresponding to each of these states (“modes”). For example, if the selector control (e.g., knob) is in the fully counterclockwise position, this may correspond to the injection position; if the selector control is oriented vertically, this may correspond to the injection position; while if the selector control is oriented clockwise, this may correspond to the aspiration position. In the injection state, the reservoir is connected to low pressure side, a fill/aspirate second Luer may be shut off, and the ball valve may be held closed. In the fill configuration, the reservoir is fluidly connected to the fill port (which may be a Luer connection) and the ball valve may be either open or closed. Finally, in the aspiration configuration the reservoir connection is closed, the fill port is connected to the low pressure side (the delivery port), and the ball valve is open.
As described above, in some variations the apparatus may include a plurality of pinch valves having multiple states, and a cam may be rotatable inside the housing with a tube on each side of the housing that may either shut off one tube while opening the other or open both tubes. That operation also satisfies the three states described above. The variation shown in
The manifold body may house four cartridge check valves in four bores. The manifold body may also include the pressure sensing chamber (e.g., a large space central to those bores and housing a movable pressure sensor assembly 2160).
As shown in the example of
In this example, a 7.95 mm O.D. spool (e.g., spool valve 2122) is disposed concentric within the 8 mm bore. This spool may have five or more o-rings that form three separate fluid chambers that would be sealed from each other in the 8 mm bore. As mentioned above, the spool includes a central bore that opens to the distal end. Additionally, two passages connect the central bore to the separated areas between the o-rings. The spool in this example, includes a proximal end incorporating a cage. This cage feature has two vertical internal walls that are separated by a defined distance. The cage engages with a cam lobe integral to the selector knob shaft. As the selector knob rotates from the 9 o-clock position to the 12 o-clock to the 3 o-clock position the cam translates the spool valve assembly through three states. Each position may have a detent provided by the knob and the product housing. These three rotation positions may correspond to three linear translational positions for the spool valve. Each position selects a distinct fluid connection within the manifold (thereby reconfiguration the manifold to operate under each of these distinct configurations). As mentioned, in the inject configuration, the reservoir may be fluidly connected to the spools central bore, the passage to the fill/aspirate is completely isolated, and the ball valve is held closed. In this state, only the reservoir can supply the input check valves. In the fill configuration, the ball valve is open, the reservoir is fluidly connected via the spool valve central passage to the fill port (which may also be referred to as an aspirate port or a fill/aspirate port). In this position, a syringe connected to the fill port (e.g., a Luer fitting on the fill port) can push fluid into the reservoir. In some examples a shut off valve at the delivery port may be engaged (turned off) to prevent flow during bladder filling. In the aspirate configuration, the ball valve is open, the reservoir is completely fluidly isolated, and the fill port is fluidly connected to the spool valve central bore. In this position, fluid is allowed to flow from the delivery port (e.g., through a needle connect to the delivery port), through the ball valve, and into a syringe connected to the fill port. As the surgeon draws the syringe, if the needle is in a blood vessel, a tinge of blood may be observed inside the clear needle connection or in the clear valve body.
Any of the injection apparatuses (devices, systems, etc.) described herein may be configured as two or more component devices that may be combined prior to use. For example,
In
The fluid-handling portion may be coupled 2450 to the lower, handle portion 2405, as shown in
These two portions, the fluid-handling portion and the handle portion may be combined together by engaging one or more coupling features 2464 on the fluid-handling portion and/or the handle portion. In particular, the driver in the handle portion may engage 2462 with the drive assembly (including the transmission operatively connected to the pistons of the piston chambers) so that the driver may controllably drive fluid out of the injection port of the device. Thus, in some examples the apparatus may include an upper fluid subassembly (fluid-handling portion) and a lower handle portion. This configuration may allow different sterilization methods for each portion, such as gamma sterilization for the fluid-handling portion and ethylene oxide gas sterilization for the handle portion (containing electronics that may be sensitive to some sterilization techniques).
The multiple parts (the fluid-handling portion and the handle portion) of the apparatus may be packaged separately, in sterile packaging, and may be combined prior to use. In some examples combining the two parts may activate the device (e.g., turn it “on”) and separating the two parts may de-activate the device (e.g., turn it “off”) so that a separate “on” switch is not needed. In some variations a separate “on/off” switch may be included. In some examples the fluid-handling portion may be disposable, single-patient use and the handle portion may be reusable with multiple fluid-handling portions (including with multiple patients). Thus the handle portion may include rechargeable batteries and may be re-charged during use. In some examples a separate “battery” portion may be swapped into the handle portion, allowing already-charged batteries to be swapped into the handle (e.g., the apparatus may include three components, rather than just two). Any of the apparatuses described herein may be used with a cord that may provide power from a wall source (e.g., plug or plug and adapter).
The controller may be configured to operate autonomously or it may be configured to communicate, e.g., wireless (via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.) to a remote server. In some examples the apparatus may transmit status information to a remote server and/or to a handheld device (e.g., phone, etc.). For example, the apparatus may transmit cycle counts, power status, fill status, error status, etc. Alternatively or additionally the apparatus may include a display on the device (e.g., on the handle portion) for displaying any of this information.
In some examples the fluid-handling portion may be locked (including releasably locked) to the handle portion. The lock may be a latch (e.g., including a hook, snap, clasp, etc.) and may include a release on either or both of the fluid-handling portion and/or the handle portion. In some examples the lock may be on the housing (shell) portion or may be coupled to the housing(s), such as the housing for the fluid-handling portion and the housing for the handle portion. The lock may prevent separation of the handle portion and the fluid-handling portion unless and until the lock is disengaged.
As mentioned, the handle portion may include the controller or control circuitry. In some examples the apparatus includes firmware that may incorporate a calibration function (e.g., performed at the factory) where pressure and vacuum are alternately cycled and sensor values tabulated. The firmware may linearize the data and store permanent coefficients in EEPROM memory to use for monitoring routines when the apparatus is operating. The calibration process may reduce the need for precision assembly and tight tolerances.
The pressure-sending subassembly within the apparatus may allow the processor to detect when pressure exceeds a safe threshold and it may alert the user and/or protect the apparatus, e.g., by disabling the driver and/or venting the device. Additionally, if the device is being operated with and empty reservoir, vacuum may be detected and the device may issue an alert and/or disable the driver.
The drive system shown in
Any of the apparatuses described herein may include hardware, software and/or firmware that may track the operation of the device, including the number of cycles performed. The controller/control circuitry may include one or more memories or registers that may record the number of cycles. In some examples if the number of cycles exceeds a cycle limit threshold, the apparatus may shut down (a warning may be issued a fixed number of cycles before shut-down). For example, after 400 cycles, after 425 cycles, after 450 cycles, after 500 cycles, after 550 cycles, after 600 cycles, etc.
In some examples the apparatus may track the number of cycles from filling of the reservoir. As mentioned, these cycles may be displayed (e.g., in a display on the device or in communication with the device, including in wireless communication with the device).
Any of the apparatuses described herein may include valves at one or more of the ports (e.g., the fill port, the deliver port). For example, the fill port may include a Luer lock with a valve that may prevent backflow when removing the filling source from the fill port. For example, the fill port and/or the delivery port may include a manually operated valve (switch) to open/close the port.
Thus, the injection apparatuses described herein may be battery/motor powered apparatuses to deliver fluid into tissues of varying resistance in a controlled manner while relieving the physiological stress imparted on the surgeon/operator. Any of the apparatuses described herein may be configured for use with an external device, such as a navigation unit, robot and/or artificial intelligence system. For example, these apparatuses may be fitted with external arrays and registration/check points and internal inclinometer/microsensors that may record fluid velocity/volume/resistance to help identify anatomic location of the injection, volume/resistance of the fluid injected. Any of these apparatuses may emit data (e.g., by radiofrequency, Wi-Fi_33, etc.). The apparatus may record/provide feedback on the volume, velocity, resistance during injection, and anatomical location of the material delivered. Any of these apparatuses may include an inclinometer to describe the orientation of the device during usage. In some examples the apparatus may be fitted with arrays/registration points to interact with robotic and navigation devices to allow these devices to interpret the dimension/location/orientation of the device at the time of the injection. This may allow for an understanding, recording and/or analysis of the anatomical location where the device was delivering its intended product. The use of position/orientation and/or applied pressure/force may be implemented with either a single-use disposable apparatus and/or with a modular (e.g., partially disposable) apparatus.
For example, injection volume, velocity and/or resistance data from the apparatus can be transmitted in real-time wirelessly (e.g., via radiofrequency, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc.) and/or uploaded at a later time to a remote processor that may analyze the data. For example, the remote processor may receive the gauge of needle used, the type of material injected, location/volume of injected material, time(s) during the procedure that materials were injected, composition of injected material, etc. The remote processor may analyze this data in conjunction with the anatomical location of injection, velocity, resistance and/or volume of injection and pre/post-operative functional outcomes.
For example, any of the apparatuses descried herein may work with a database of injection information that may be generic (e.g., not specific to a particular patient). Thus, these apparatuses may be configured to contribute to a database of injection information as described above. This database, which may be maintained in one or more remote locations, may be analyzed and used to optimize treatments for patients, and/or to optimize the functioning of the injection apparatuses. For example, a system including a database of injection information may identify specific locations, volumes and/or substrates that may be indicated for use in order to improve pre-operative through post-operative outcomes for patients. Thus, these databases may receive information regarding pain, immediate post-op function, and consumption of pain medication post-operatively; this information may be correlated with the functional aspects of the apparatuses delivering the treatment. A machine learning agent may interpret this information and may indicate one or more: locations to deliver treatment, delivery rates, delivery volumes, etc. These systems and methods may also or alternatively identify the efficacy of substrates injected, as it pertains to the specific composition, volume and/or location of the injection; for example, these systems may determine if a local anesthetic, e.g., Exparel, is an effective pain medication for a particular patient or class of patients.
Thus, any of the apparatuses described herein may be configured to provide operational information to a remote database for processing; the operational information may be correlated with treatment information (that may be patient specific or unaffiliated with a particular patient). For example, the apparatus may be uniquely identified via a code specific to the apparatus or to a particular operation of the device. A particular operational instance (e.g., use) of the device may include information (which may be transmitted to the remote database by the user or a party working with the user) that may include pre- and post-operative functional data for the patient, a location of the procedure being performed with the apparatus (e.g., hospital/hospital outpatient department/ambulatory surgery center), pre- and post-operative consumption of NSAIDS, Tylenol, narcotic, etc. medications by the patient, etc. The apparatus may also transmit with the same identifier, intra-operative data obtained through the use of this apparatus, as described above. The remote processor may assess the efficacy of the method and/or the type of substrate injected and/or the location of the injection/volume of substrate injected.
Thus, a system (which may include hardware/software and/or firmware) may analyze information such as that described above, including all or some of: patient profile (age, sex, BMI, bone density), pre/post-operative functional/psychological/etc. scores, pre-operative x-ray evaluation, pre-operative physical exam, post-operative x-ray, post-operative physical exam, medication utilized pre- and post-operatively, location where surgery was performed procedure (hospital/hospital outpatient department/ambulatory surgery center), (orthopedic, or other) implant used, type of substrate injected (anesthetic, filler, etc.), and/or anatomical location/volume/speed/resistance of injection. This system, when used in conjunction with an orthopedic robot and/or navigation system, may utilize identify treatment parameters for treating patients, including treating patient's to restore anatomical alignment/range of motion/balance of a knee replacement, location of where a procedure is performed (hospital vs ASC), type of anesthetic used (spinal vs general +/− peripheral nerve block), location/volume injected/type of anesthetic injected, peri-operative medication utilized, which type of orthopedic implant/design to use (e.g., cruciate retaining vs posterior stabilized), etc. These systems may also provide expected functional outcomes specific to a particular patient's profile. For example, these systems may also or alternatively provide treatment parameters for operation of the injection apparatus, such as injection location(s), and/or injection volumes, rate of injection, etc.
As mentioned, any of these apparatuses described herein may be configured to operate with a system including a database of injection treatment parameters. For example, any of these apparatuses may include a communications sub-system, such as a wireless communication circuitry; the controller of the apparatus may use the wireless circuitry to communicate with a remote database. The controller may also include timing information (e.g., clock, calendar, etc. information). Any of the injection apparatuses described herein may include one or more tracking components. The tracking data may be stored, modified (e.g., filtered, compressed, etc.) and/or transmitted, etc. to a remote processor as described.
In
Any of the apparatuses described herein may be further adapted for use with a robotic system. For example, the injection apparatus may be adapted for use with a robotic arm that may position and deliver an injection from the apparatus. Thus, the handle portion may be adapted for interacting with a robotic arm; the robotic arm may engage with the handle portion, including the trigger, and may position and actuate the apparatus. The tracking markers on the apparatus (e.g.,
Also described herein are apparatuses having alternative configurations for the fluid delivery and aspiration components of the apparatuses described herein. For example,
This example of an injection apparatus may have a plunger that can be activated by the finger of the user while holding the handle of the device. The retraction of the shaft with the trigger and plunger would create a vacuum at the tip of the device pulling fluid from the needle back into the clear tube at the end of the device. A blush would show informing the user that the tip of the needle is in the vascular system.
The apparatus can also be configured to block fluid flow during the filling operation of the device. For example, the user can hold the device, retract the trigger blocking the flow of fluid out of the needle port and forcing the liquid to fill the reservoir. The trigger could then be released allowing the user to prime the system using the fill port.
Any of these apparatuses, including the apparatus shown in
For example,
In any of these apparatuses, the reservoir can be a larger syringe with the plunger extension removed. This may decrease the length requirement of a full syringe, but allows the advantages of a piston configuration such as a clear tube to identify air in the system, clear visualization of the amount of fluid remaining in the reservoir, and familiarity of the device by the user. Markings on the cylinder can indicate the accrual of fluid volume during filling and the expelling of fluid during injection. This may also provide feedback to the user. The user can see if the plunger is moving as they dispense fluid indicating proper operation and warning that fluid is running low.
Prior to filling the fluid to be injected may be prepared. For example, if a drug (e.g., Exparel, Bupivacaine, Marcaine, etc.) is to be injected, it may be premixed to the appropriate concentration. The fluid may then be loaded into the reservoir of the apparatus. 3307. In some examples, the fluid may be added by a syringe or other filling device that may couple to the fill port on the apparatus. For example, a 60 cc syringe full of fluid (e.g., liquid drug) may be attached to the Luer connection of the fill port and the piston of the 60 cc syringe pushed in to deliver the liquid into the reservoir, which may expand as it receives the liquid (preventing air bubbles). Once filling is complete, in some examples the apparatus may be switched to an injection or aspiration mode, which may close the path between the fill port and the reservoir (preventing back flow from the reservoir. As mentioned above, in some examples the path between the reservoir and the fill port may include a check valve preventing back flow; alternatively a manual valve (switch) may be included to shut off the connection between the fill port and the reservoir.
A needle of any appropriate size may then be attached to the injection port (e.g., via a Luer lock) 3309. The apparatus may then be primed 3311, to remove air within the device. For example, the apparatus may be primed by aiming the apparatus up and, with the device in the continuous flow mode, the trigger depressed until a continuous stream of fluid is ejected.
Once loaded and optimally primed, the apparatus may be used to inject fluid. For example, as shown in
The needle may then be inserted into the region to be injected (e.g., in some examples, a patient tissue) 3405. In some cases the user may wish to confirm that, e.g., when injecting into a body, that the region of the body in which the needle is inserted is not in a blood vessel (or other region) by aspirating from the body out of the device. The selector of the apparatus may be set to an aspirate mode so that the needle (through the delivery port) is fluidly connected to the fill port (or in some examples, a separate aspiration port); a syringe may be attached to the fill/aspiration port and may be used to withdraw fluid from the body 3407. Once confirmed, the selector may be set to the inject mode and the user may apply pressure to the trigger control of the device to expel fluid from the apparatus 3409. During operation, the apparatus may confirm that the pressure within the apparatus (e.g., within the manifold in variations including a manifold) is within a safe range. Negative pressure within the apparatus may indicate that the reservoir is empty. If the pressure exceeds a pressure threshold, the apparatus may enter a fault mode, e.g., disabling the drive or drive subsystem.
When a predetermined volume injection has been selected, triggering the device may deliver the predetermined volume 3411. Alternatively a continuous mode may allow the user to inject fluid continuously. In some examples, the user may adjust the rate of injection (of the fluid being injected) by increase or decreasing the pressure on trigger control. The user may repeatedly remove and re-insert the needle into different sites to be injected 3413. The apparatus may be re-filled, either before or after the apparatus has indicated that the reservoir is empty, by coupling a source of filling material (e.g., drug) to the fill port and placing the apparatus in the fill configuration (e.g., by changing the selector setting) 3415. The steps for filing and/or priming described in
Once the injections are complete, the apparatus may be prepared for disposal and/or reuse or partial re-use. For example, the needle may be removed 3501. The device may be de-powered 3503 (either before or after removing the needle). In examples in which the apparatus includes multiple portions (such as a fluid-handling portion and a handle portion), the handle portion may be separated from the fluid-handling portion 3505 and, if desired, reused, while the fluid-handling portion may be disposed of (as medical waste). If the handle portion is to be reused, it may be recharged, or the batteries replaced. If the handle portion is to be disposed of, the components (e.g. battery, circuitry, motor, etc.) may be removed and recycled.
Although various illustrative examples are described above, any of a number of changes may be made to various examples without departing from the scope of the invention as described by the claims. For example, the order in which various described method steps are performed may often be changed in alternative examples, and in other alternative examples one or more method steps may be skipped altogether. Optional features of various device and system examples may be included in some examples and not in others. Therefore, the foregoing description is provided primarily for exemplary purposes and should not be interpreted to limit the scope of the invention as it is set forth in the claims.
The examples and illustrations included herein show, by way of illustration and not of limitation, specific examples in which the subject matter may be practiced. As mentioned, other examples may be utilized and derived there from, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Such examples of the inventive subject matter may be referred to herein individually or collectively by the term “invention” merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any single invention or inventive concept, if more than one is, in fact, disclosed. Thus, although specific examples have been illustrated and described herein, any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific examples shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or examples of various examples. Combinations of the above examples, and other examples not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description.
When a feature or element is herein referred to as being “on” another feature or element, it can be directly on the other feature or element or intervening features and/or elements may also be present. In contrast, when a feature or element is referred to as being “directly on” another feature or element, there are no intervening features or elements present. It will also be understood that, when a feature or element is referred to as being “connected”, “attached” or “coupled” to another feature or element, it can be directly connected, attached or coupled to the other feature or element or intervening features or elements may be present. In contrast, when a feature or element is referred to as being “directly connected”, “directly attached” or “directly coupled” to another feature or element, there are no intervening features or elements present. Although described or shown with respect to one example, the features and elements so described or shown can apply to other examples. It will also be appreciated by those of skill in the art that references to a structure or feature that is disposed “adjacent” another feature may have portions that overlap or underlie the adjacent feature.
Terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular examples only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. For example, as used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items and may be abbreviated as “/”.
Spatially relative terms, such as “under”, “below”, “lower”, “over”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is inverted, elements described as “under” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “over” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “under” can encompass both an orientation of over and under. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. Similarly, the terms “upwardly”, “downwardly”, “vertical”, “horizontal” and the like are used herein for the purpose of explanation only unless specifically indicated otherwise.
Although the terms “first” and “second” may be used herein to describe various features/elements (including steps), these features/elements should not be limited by these terms, unless the context indicates otherwise. These terms may be used to distinguish one feature/element from another feature/element. Thus, a first feature/element discussed below could be termed a second feature/element, and similarly, a second feature/element discussed below could be termed a first feature/element without departing from the teachings of the present invention.
Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word “comprise”, and examples such as “comprises” and “comprising” means various components can be co-jointly employed in the methods and articles (e.g., compositions and apparatuses including device and methods). For example, the term “comprising” will be understood to imply the inclusion of any stated elements or steps but not the exclusion of any other elements or steps.
In general, any of the apparatuses and methods described herein should be understood to be inclusive, but all or a sub-set of the components and/or steps may alternatively be exclusive and may be expressed as “consisting of” or alternatively “consisting essentially of” the various components, steps, sub-components or sub-steps.
As used herein in the specification and claims, including as used in the examples and unless otherwise expressly specified, all numbers may be read as if prefaced by the word “about” or “approximately,” even if the term does not expressly appear. The phrase “about” or “approximately” may be used when describing magnitude and/or position to indicate that the value and/or position described is within a reasonable expected range of values and/or positions. For example, a numeric value may have a value that is +/−0.1% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−1% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−2% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−5% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−10% of the stated value (or range of values), etc. Any numerical values given herein should also be understood to include about or approximately that value, unless the context indicates otherwise. For example, if the value “10” is disclosed, then “about 10” is also disclosed. Any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein. It is also understood that when a value is disclosed that “less than or equal to” the value, “greater than or equal to the value” and possible ranges between values are also disclosed, as appropriately understood by the skilled artisan. For example, if the value “X” is disclosed the “less than or equal to X” as well as “greater than or equal to X” (e.g., where X is a numerical value) is also disclosed. It is also understood that the throughout the application, data is provided in a number of different formats, and that this data, represents endpoints and starting points, and ranges for any combination of the data points. For example, if a particular data point “10” and a particular data point “15” are disclosed, it is understood that greater than, greater than or equal to, less than, less than or equal to, and equal to 10 and 15 are considered disclosed as well as between 10 and 15. It is also understood that each unit between two particular units are also disclosed. For example, if 10 and 15 are disclosed, then 11, 12, 13, and 14 are also disclosed.
This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/006,056 filed Apr. 6, 2020, and titled “AUTOMATIC FLUID EXPULSION DEVICE,” herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3597113 | Dumoulin | Aug 1971 | A |
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