1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a gasification system, and more particularly to an injector and a method for co-feeding solid and liquid fuels into a gasifier of the gasification system.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Gasifiers are generally used to convert a mixture of fuel and an oxidizing stream into hydrogen and CO, generally referred to as “syngas.” The syngas has many industrial applications. For example, the syngas is used to produce electricity in an IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combine Cycle) plant, or to produce chemicals in a chemical plant. Gasifiers are generally divided into two types, depending upon the form of the feedstock (fuel): dry feed gasifiers and liquid feed gasifiers. Both of the dry feed gasifiers and the liquid feed gasifiers have advantages and disadvantages. In recent years, however, the dry feed gasifiers development has had attraction for their wide fuel flexibility and higher efficiency.
In gasification systems, injectors are employed to inject feedstock into gasifiers. A conventional injector for feeding a gasifier generally has two channels: a first channel and a second channel. The first channel is used to pneumatically convey a solid fuel such as a pulverized coal or a liquid fuel such as a coal slurry, and the second channel is used to convey an oxidizing stream for dispersing the solid fuel or the liquid fuel into the gasifier.
During gasification process, fly ash (fine particles) containing unconverted coal is generated along with the syngas. The fine particles in the syngas will be captured in a syngas water-scrubbing unit. For utilizing the unconverted carbon contained in the fine particles, it is desired to recycle the fine particles back to the gasifier. However, the fine particles are generally mixed with wastewater from the syngas water-scrubbing unit to form a stream (referred to as “recycled fines slurry” thereafter) that is difficult to be directly mixed with solid fuel such as pulverized coal.
Therefore, if using the conventional injector for feeding the solid fuel, mixing between the recycled fines slurry and the solid fuel is difficult. Furthermore, it leads to reduced flowability of the solid fuel and decreased uniformity of fuel concentration in the gasifier, resulting in less efficient gasification performance. There is a need for an improved injector for co-feeding recycled fines slurry and solid fuel to improve gasification performance.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, an injector comprises a body, a first member, and a second member. The body comprises a first channel for conveying a liquid fuel. The first member surrounds the body to define a second channel for pneumatically conveying a solid fuel. The second member surrounds the first member to define a third channel for conveying a fluid stream for dispersing the solid fuel. The liquid fuel is atomized before being mixed with the solid fuel.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, an injector comprises a body, a first member, and a second member. The body comprises a first channel for conveying a recycled fines slurry. The first member surrounds the body to define a second channel for pneumatically conveying a solid fuel. The second member surrounds the first member to define a third channel for conveying a fluid stream for dispersing the solid fuel. The recycled fines slurry is atomized before being mixed with the solid fuel.
In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention, a feeding method is provided. The method comprises: conveying a liquid fuel through a first channel; conveying a solid fuel through a second channel surrounding the first channel; conveying a fluid stream though a third channel surrounding the second channel; and atomizing the liquid fuel into an atomized liquid fuel before being mixed with the solid fuel.
These and other advantages and features will be further understood from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention that is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described hereinbelow with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, well-known functions or constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the disclosure in unnecessary detail.
Injectors and methods in accordance with the present invention are applied to various gasification systems in IGCC power generation systems or other polygeneration applications such as coal to chemicals.
The two or more sources 16 provide various fuels including liquid and solid fuels or oxidizing stream that are injected into the gasifier 14 by the injector 12. The fuels and oxidizing stream are reacted in the gasifier 14 to produce a raw syngas 23 at high temperature. The raw syngas 23 is then discharged to the cooler 18 for lowering the temperature. In the cooling process, large solid particles contained in the raw syngas 23 become coarse slag 22 and then are discharged from the cooler 18.
In order to achieve a purified syngas 24, the hot raw syngas 23 generated in the gasifier 14 and cooled in cooler 18 is sent into the scrubbing tower 20 for purification. Water 28 is supplied to the scrubbing tower 20 to scrub the raw syngas 23. The water 28 captures fly ash fine particles mixed in the raw syngas 23 to form a recycled fines slurry 26 that is then discharged from the scrubbing tower 20.
The injector 12 is configured to enable the liquid fuel to mix with the solid fuel. The recycled fines slurry 26 as one kind of liquid fuel can be recycled using the injector 12, thereby improving overall energy efficiency. Detail configurations of the injector 12 and other embodiments of the present invention will be discussed below.
Referring to
Referring to
The first channel 38 includes an upper section 55 and a bottom section 56, as best shown in
The first channel 38 extends toward the discharge end 54 and produces enough pressure difference such that the conveyed liquid fuel 44 is atomized before being mixed with the solid fuel 46. In some embodiments, the dimension of the first channel 38 varies with many factors such as diameter of the first channel 38 and the composition of the liquid fuel 44. In one embodiment, the first channel 38 extends into the discharge end 54 and is aligned with a bottom surface of the discharge end 54. With this kind of configuration, the liquid fuel 44 and the solid fuel 46 are conveyed separately, thereby avoiding negative effect possibly incurred between them.
In some applications, the first channel 38 terminates in the discharge end 54 as long as the length of first channel 38 is long enough for atomizing the liquid fuel 44. The atomized liquid fuel (not labeled) is well mixed with the solid fuel 46 in the discharge end 54 avoiding negative effect on the flowability of the solid fuel 46. The efficient flowability improves the uniformity of fuels concentration in the gasifier 14 and leads to improved gasification performance.
As discussed briefly above, in some embodiments, the liquid fuel 44 is the recycled fines slurry 26 (see
In some embodiments, carbon dioxide, inert gases, nitrogen or other suitable gases are used for carrying the solid fuel 46 during conveyance. In another embodiment, the solid fuel 46 is pulverized coal, pulverized biomass, petroleum coke, oil shale, oil sand, municipal waste or any combinations of them.
In one embodiment, the fluid stream 48 is an oxidizing stream that could be oxygen, air, carbon dioxide, steam or any combinations of them.
Referring to
Although swirling flows are believed to be beneficial for mixing purposes, in some embodiments, swirl vanes 64 or other swirling mechanism are not employed if the momentum of the fluid stream 48 is sufficient for mixing.
As illustrated in
The second member 72 is concentric with the first member 70 to define a third channel 80 for pneumatically conveying a solid fuel 88. In some embodiments, carbon dioxide, inert gases, nitrogen or other suitable gases are used for carrying the solid fuel 88 during conveyance. In another embodiment, the solid fuel 88 is pulverized coal, pulverized biomass, petroleum coke, oil shale, oil sand, municipal waste or any combinations of them. The third member 74 is concentric with the second member 72 to define a fourth channel 82 for conveying a fluid stream 90. In some embodiments, the fluid stream 90 is another oxidizing stream that could be oxygen, air, carbon dioxide, steam or any combinations of them.
Although the central body 68, the first member 70, the second member 72, and the third member 74 each have an annular cross section, this will not limit the scope of the present invention to this kind of shape. In some embodiments, each member of the injector 66 may be configured in other shapes according to the application requirements or design selections.
Referring to
During the operation of injecting the liquid and solid fuels 84, 88 into a gasifier (not shown), the liquid fuel 84 is conveyed through the first channel 76 and the solid fuel 88 is conveyed through the third channel 80. The atomization gas 86 conveyed through the second channel 78 atomizes the liquid fuel 84 at the first discharge end 94 to form an atomized liquid fuel 92. The atomized liquid fuel 92 is then discharged to the second discharge end 96 where the atomized liquid fuel 92 is mixed with the solid fuel 88 to form a hybrid fuel 100. Next, the hybrid fuel 100 is dispersed by the fluid stream 90 at the third discharge end 104 to form a dispersed hybrid fuel 102 that is finally injected into the gasifier.
By using the injector 66, the liquid fuel 84 is converted into the atomized liquid fuel 92 that is well mixed with the solid fuel 88, thereby improving the uniformity of the fuels concentration in the gasifier. The carbon conversation is accordingly enhanced in gasification process. As above-mentioned, the first channel is placed at the right center of the injector 66. This placement enables the uniformity of the fuels concentration in the gasifier to be further improved.
In some embodiments, the liquid fuel 84 is the recycled fines slurry 26 (see
In the embodiment in
In some embodiments, the swirl vanes 98 are attached to the outer surface of the second member 72. In another embodiment, the swirl vanes 98 are attached to the inner surface of the third member 74. In still another embodiment, a portion of the swirl vanes 98 are attached to the outer surface of the second member 72 and the other portion of the swirl vanes 98 are attached to the inner surface of the third member 74.
In some embodiments, the second channel 78 also arranges a plurality of swirl vanes (not shown) to impart swirling flow to the atomization gas 86 so as to improve the vaporization rate. As in the above-mentioned arrangement of the swirl vanes 98, the swirl vanes are placed around the discharge end of the first channel 76 and extend from an outer surface of the central body 68 and terminate at an inner surface of the first member 70. In some embodiments, the swirl vanes are attached to the outer surface of the central body 68. In another embodiment, the swirl vanes are attached to the inner surface of the first member 70. In still another embodiment, a portion of the swirl vanes is attached to the outer surface of the central body 68 and another portion of the swirl vanes are attached to the inner surface of the first member 70.
The swirl vanes in the second channel 78 could be configured to enable the atomization gas 86 to swirl in any flow direction. In some embodiments, the flow direction of the atomization gas 86 is the same as that of the fluid stream 90. In another embodiment, the flow direction of the atomization gas 86 is perpendicular to that of the fluid stream 90.
Although swirling flows are believed to be beneficial for mixing purposes, in some embodiments, the second and fourth channels 76 and 82 are not necessarily to include the swirl vanes or other swirling mechanism if the momentum of the atomization gas 86 and the fluid stream 90 are sufficient for atomization or mixing.
A method for co-feeding liquid and solid fuels into a gasifier is provided herein in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. The method is implemented by using an injector that can be any of the above-mentioned embodiments.
The method includes: conveying a liquid fuel 44 through a first channel 38; conveying a solid fuel 46 through a second channel 40 surrounding the first channel 38; conveying a fluid stream 48 through a third channel 42 surrounding the second channel 40; and atomizing the liquid fuel 44 before being mixed with the solid fuel 46.
In some embodiments, the first channel 38 is used to implement the step of atomizing the liquid fuel 44. The first channel 38 is configured to extend along the longitudinal axis 50 of the injector 12 and the first channel 38 produces enough pressure difference to atomize the liquid fuel 44. The atomized liquid fuel 44 is well mixed with the solid fuel 46 so that the uniformity of the fuels concentration in the gasifier 14 meets practical requirements.
In another embodiment, the first channel 38 extends beyond the second channel 40 and to be horizontally aligned with a bottom surface of an outlet of the injector. Thus, the liquid fuel 44 and the solid fuel 46 are conveyed separately avoiding negative effect incurred between them.
In still another embodiment, the method further includes conveying an atomization gas 86 through a fourth channel 82 interposed by the first channel 76 and the second channel 78. The atomization gas 86 is used to implement the step of atomizing the liquid fuel 84 to form an atomized liquid fuel 92. The method further includes mixing the atomized liquid fuel 92 with the solid fuel 88 to form a hybrid fuel 100 and dispersing the hybrid fuel 100 using the fluid stream 90. Using this method, liquid fuels 84 are converted into atomized liquid fuels 92 that can be well mixed with solid fuels 88 avoiding negative effect incurred between direct mixing, which leads to improved gasification performance.
It should be noted that “a” and “an” used to modify uncountable term herein are intended to specially indicate the term is first mentioned in individual sections rather than limit the term's amount.
While only certain features of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. For example, channels are not necessary to keep in straight and may be in inclined shape. The channels are also not necessary to be concentric with each other. The ratio of different channels may vary to fit various ratio of solid and liquid fuels. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
200910250066.5 | Dec 2009 | CN | national |
This is a national stage application under 35 U.S.C. § 371(c) of prior-filed, co-pending PCT patent application serial number PCT/US2010/055976, filed on Nov. 9, 2010, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 200910250066.5, filed on Dec. 3, 2009, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
PCT/US10/55976 | 11/9/2010 | WO | 00 | 1/7/2013 |