This application is a national stage application under 35 USC 371 of PCT Application No. PCT/EP2014/065267 having an international filing date of Jul. 16, 2014, which is designated in the United States and which claimed the benefit of EP Patent Application No. 13177355.8 filed on Jul. 22, 2013, the entire disclosures each are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The present invention relates to an injector arrangement. In particular, the present invention relates to a fuel injector for use in an internal combustion engine.
The present invention relates to a fuel injector used in the delivery of fuel to a cylinder of a diesel internal combustion engine of the type in which fuel is supplied to a high pressure accumulator (the “common rail”) by a suitable pump and is delivered from the accumulator to the fuel injectors of the engine, the nozzles of which are arranged to actuate in turn to deliver fuel to the respective cylinders of the engine.
Such fuel injectors generally comprise a needle which is slidable within a body and engageable with a needle valve seat to control the flow of fuel from a high pressure fuel supply line through the body.
The maximum injection pressures within a fuel injector may be of the order of 1800 bar or higher and as a consequence the forces to be overcome in order to lift the needle of the injector are large. It is not therefore possible to directly control the injector using an electromagnetic actuator unless very high currents are used. The injector is therefore indirectly controlled by means of a valve arrangement which controls the pressurising or discharging of a control chamber located above the injector needle.
An example of such an injector is disclosed in EP0647780 in which the end of the needle remote from the valve seat extends within a chamber, the chamber being arranged to receive fuel from the supply line through a restrictor. In use, injection is controlled by varying the pressure within the control chamber. A solenoid actuator acts upon a valve arrangement to cause a flow path between the control chamber and a low pressure drain to open. As the pressure falls within the control chamber the needle leaves the needle valve seat due to pressure acting against a portion of the needle adjacent the valve seat.
Within common rail injection systems two types of valve arrangements are known, pressure-balanced valve arrangements (sometimes referred to as equilibrium valves) and non-pressure balanced valve arrangements.
In a pressure balanced valve arrangement a valve stem located within a bore is slidable under the action of the electromagnetic actuator to open and close a flow path between the high pressure region of the control chamber and the low pressure region of a low pressure drain. In the closed configuration the valve arrangement is in contact with a valve seat and is substantially in hydraulic equilibrium, with the valve arrangement being held in the closed position by the action of a spring on the valve arrangement. Upon actuating the electromagnetic actuator the spring force is overcome and the valve arrangement moves away from its seat thereby allowing fuel to move between the stem and bore to the low pressure drain. Equilibrium based valve arrangements tend to demonstrate a degree of static leakage. In other words, even in the closed position high pressure fuel will leak along the flow path defined between the bore of the valve arrangement and the valve stem to the low pressure drain.
In a non-pressure balanced valve arrangement the valve is held in its seated and closed position by the pressure of the high pressure fuel within the system. Such a valve arrangement is not therefore substantially in hydraulic equilibrium in the closed position and consequently requires a greater activation force in order to open. However, the degree of static leakage within such a non-pressure balanced valve arrangement is lower than in the pressure balanced valve arrangement.
The two types of valve arrangement described above therefore either have a low actuation force requirement with a relatively high degree of static leakage (pressure balanced valve arrangement) or high actuation force requirement with a relatively low degree of static leakage (non-pressure balanced valve arrangement).
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved injector arrangement that has a low actuation force requirement but which has improved static leakage performance by acting directly on the needle.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a fuel injector for use in an internal combustion engine, the fuel injector comprising: an injector body comprising a bore; an injector needle located within the bore and engageable with a needle seat to control fuel injection through an injector outlet ; an armature member, the armature member being engageable with an armature seat on the injector needle, the injector needle in part and the armature member in part defining a control chamber; an actuator arrangement arranged to control fuel pressure within the control chamber such that fuel pressure variations within the control chamber controls movement of the injector needle relative to the needle seat wherein the actuator arrangement is arranged to be capable of moving the armature member from a seated position in which it engages the armature seat to an unseated position in which the armature member has moved relative to the armature seat in order to bring the control chamber into fluid communication with a low pressure drain.
The present invention provides a fuel injector in which the injector needle lift and injector needle opening and closing action is directly controlled by the movement of an armature which is in turn driven by an actuator arrangement.
Known injectors are managed via a sequence of events such as opening or closing of a control valve (which involves the build of a magnetic force over a time period before a spring force can be overcome); the release (or build) of pressure between a spill orifice and a valve seat within the control valve; release (or build) of pressure within a needle control chamber through a fixed inlet in order to create an unbalanced pressure force on the needle; and, movement of the injector needle in response to the unbalanced force.
By contrast, according to an injector of the present invention the movement of the injector needle is controlled by the position of an armature member that is in direct contact with the top of the injector needle. The present invention removes the need for or at least substantially avoids the need for spill control orifices or nozzle path orifices within the injector body. An injector according to an embodiment of the present invention may operate faster than known injector arrangements and may provide more efficient operation, particularly in multi-injection modes.
Conveniently, the bore within the injector body may comprise an annular gallery. The gallery may be in fluid communication with an accumulator volume via a high pressure drilling. The injector needle may comprise an axial drilling and the axial drilling may be in fluid communication with a source of high pressure fuel at a first end and in fluid communication with the control chamber at a second end.
Conveniently, the axial drilling may comprise a control chamber filling orifice to control the flow of fuel from the source of high pressure fuel into the control chamber.
The axial drilling may be in fluid communication with an annular gallery within the bore of the injector body, the gallery being in fluid communication with an accumulator volume via a high pressure drilling.
The injector may further comprise an armature spring member arranged to bias the armature member towards the armature seat. The injector may also further comprise an injector needle spring member arranged to bias the injector needle towards the valve seat.
The armature seat may be located at one end of the injector needle and conveniently the end of the injector needle comprising the armature seat may be substantially frustoconical defining a injector needle end profile, the armature seat being located on the end profile. The end of the injector needle comprising the armature seat may comprise more than one end profile.
Conveniently, a second end of the injector needle may be arranged to engage the valve seat.
Preferably, the actuator arrangement may be arranged to move the armature member from the seated position in which it engages the armature seat to a pilot injection to the low pressure drain being greater in the main injection position than the pilot injection position.
In a specific embodiment, the actuator arrangement is arranged on the extremity of the injector opposite to the injector outlet. This enables to arrange an internal reservoir of over 10 cm3 able to withstand high pressure fuel.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which:
A known fuel injector 1, illustrated in
As shown in
In the second region of the injector body 10, an annular gallery 16 is provided, the annular gallery 16 communicating with a fuel supply line 18 which is arranged to receive high pressure fuel from an accumulator of an associated fuel delivery system. In order to permit fuel to flow from the gallery 16 to the first region of the injector body 10, the injector needle 12 is provided with a fluted region which permits fuel to flow from the annular gallery 16 to the injector nozzle part 8 of the injector body 10, and also acts to restrict lateral movement of the injector needle 12 within the injector body 10 but not restricting axial movement thereof.
A control chamber 22 is provided within the second region of the injector body 10 at a position remote from the first region thereof, a compression spring 30 (not shown in
The injector in
The valve arrangement 50 comprises a valve stem portion 60 which carries an armature 62 at one end of the stem portion. The stem portion is slidable within a bore 64. The valve stem portion carries a number of depressurisation grooves and, at the armature end of the stem portion, there is a sealing face 66 which is engageable with a seat 68 at an end of the bore. When the sealing face is brought into contact with the seat a contact making pressure seal is made. A valve spring 46 is located above the armature and acts to urge the sealing face into engagement with its seat.
Within the spacer component 52 there is an injection supply orifice 58 (also referred to as the nozzle path orifice or NPO), a control chamber discharge orifice 54 (also referred to as the spill orifice or SPO) and a control chamber filling orifice 56 (also referred to as the inlet orifice or INO).
The control chamber 22 communicates with the high pressure fuel line 18 through the control chamber filling orifice 56.
As illustrated in
It is noted that the valve spring 46 provides a closing force for the valve arrangement 50 and also maintains a contact pressure on the valve seat when the valve is closed.
A fuel supply line 18 supplies fuel from a high pressure fuel pump (not shown) to the injector nozzle 8 and the control chamber 22. The valve arrangement 50 is also in fluid communication with the fuel supply line 18 via the INO and SPO orifices.
When the valve arrangement 50 is closed, there is no fluid communication between the control chamber 22 and a low pressure fuel return line 27. Accordingly, the fuel pressure in the injector nozzle 8 and the control chamber 22 equalises and the spring 30 biases the injector needle 12 to a seated position in which the nozzle holes are closed.
Conversely, when the valve arrangement 50 is opened, a path is formed which places the control chamber 22 in fluid communication with the low pressure fuel return line 27 resulting in a reduction in the fuel pressure in the control chamber 22. The fuel pressure in the injector nozzle 8 is higher than the fuel pressure in the control chamber 22 and a pressure force applied to the injector needle 12 overcomes the bias of the spring 30. The injector needle 12 lifts from its seated position and opens the nozzle holes allowing fuel to be injected into the combustion chamber, as shown in
On a solenoid common rail injector, the valve arrangement 50 plays an important part in controlling fuel leaks. A leak results in an energy loss and this has a direct effect on CO2 emissions of a vehicle using the injector 1. In use, the fuel injector 1 will experience two forms of leaks:
Static leaks are more significant since the control valve spends more time closed than it does open. Contributing factors in static leaks include: guide clearance; guide length; increased clearance for injector and engine assembly; and increased clearance due to pressure.
The static leaks within the control valve arrangement 50 due to pressure are particularly relevant in view of the continuing trend towards higher operating pressures (for example 2200 to 3000 bar) for fuel injected into the combustion chamber. The high pressure fuel within the valve arrangement can place radial loading on the various components within the valve arrangement 50 which can cause them to distort. Distortion of these components can increase clearances within the control valve arrangement 50 which can result in an increase in static leaks.
The operation of the injector will now be briefly described with reference to
In
In
However, as soon as the pressure exerted by fuel on the pressure surface 70 exceeds the spring force and the force exerted by fuel in the control chamber 22 then the needle 12 lifts and injection of fuel through the orifices 15 commences as fuel flows from the common rail through the nozzle path orifice 58 as in
To stop injection, the electromagnetic actuator 44 is de-energised and the valve spring 46 (not shown in
Turning to
As in
The end 102 of the injector needle 12 remote from the tip 14 is generally frusto-conical in shape. A control chamber 104 is defined in part by the surface of the frusto-conical end 102 of the injector needle and by an armature member 106 located between the injector needle 12 and solenoid actuator 44. The control chamber 104 therefore is located above the end 102 of the needle 12. As shown in
The injector needle 12 of
A control chamber filling orifice 116 (also referred to as the inlet orifice or INO) is located within the axial drilling 108. It is noted that in the event that there is a single transverse drilling 114 then the orifice 116 could be located in the drilling 114.
The pressure of fluid within the control chamber may be controlled by energising/de-energising the actuator arrangement 44. Upon energisation of the solenoid actuator 44 the armature member 106 is lifted such that the armature member 106 disengages from the armature seat 105 and the control chamber 104 is brought into fluid communication with a low pressure volume/low pressure drain 118. The clearance that opens up between the armature member 106 and the armature seat 105 when the actuator 44 is energised performs the function of the control chamber discharge orifice 54 (spill orifice or SPO) in
The armature member 106 comprises a cylindrical portion 120, the internal surfaces of which define in part the control chamber 104, and an armature projection portion 122 which projects substantially perpendicular to the long axis of the cylindrical portion (and also substantially perpendicular to the long axis 124 of the fuel injector).
An armature spring 126 within the bore of the solenoid 44 returns the armature member 106 into engagement with the armature seat 105 upon de-energisation of the actuator 44. A further compression spring 128 located within the bore of the solenoid biases the injector needle 12 towards its valve seat. In the arrangement of
The operation of the fuel injector according to an embodiment of the present invention is now described with reference to
In
In
The magnetic force exerted by the solenoid actuator 44 on the armature member 106 is greater than the armature spring 126 force and as a consequence the armature member is lifted from its seat on the injector needle 12. The pressure within the control chamber 104, following the lifting of the armature member 106, is lower than the pressure on the bottom of the needle. An upward force is generated on the injector needle that exceeds the compression spring force 128 and so the needle also begins to lift.
The injector needle will continue to rise until it comes to seat again on the armature member 106. As the injector needle seats against the armature member the pressure within the control chamber begins to rise again. When the pressure within the control chamber 104 rises to a sufficient level the fuel pressure at the top and bottom of the needle reaches an equilibrium such that the needle spring 128 and the pressure forces pushes the injector needle downwards and the injector needle 12 disengages from the armature member 106.
As the injector needle moves downwards the control chamber is again exposed to the low pressure region and fuel moves from the control chamber towards the low pressure drain. As the pressure drops in the control chamber again, the pressure imbalance between the bottom and top of the injector needle again pushes the injector needle upwards. The injector needle then enters an “equilibrium state” in which the injector needle “floats” between a position where it is seated on the armature member and a position where it has moved away from the armature seat. This “floating” behaviour continues until the solenoid actuator is de-energised.
As the control chamber 104 begins to pressurise the pressure difference between the top and the bottom of the needle 12 decreases until such time as the injector needle 12 and armature member 106 are able to move towards the valve seat under the action of the actuator spring member 126 and the valve spring 128. As the injector needle closes the apertures 15 are closed off and the injection cycle comes to an end. The pressure within the control chamber 104 and annular gallery 16 return to the pressure within the high pressure drilling.
In
In the example of
In arrangement A the pressure at the top of the injector needle 12 when the control chamber 104 is filled and the armature member 106 is seated on the armature seat 105 will be higher than in arrangement B. This will, in turn, impact upon the opening speed of the injector needle (A is slower than B) due to the increased pressure of fuel at the top of the injector needle.
This top mounted arrangement enables to the solenoid arrangement 44 to directly control the displacements of the needle 12 in order to inject, or not, fuel through the apertures 15 of the nozzle 8. Such top mounted arrangement enables to reserve, inside the injector body 10, a large reservoir 130 through which the needle 12 axially extends. Said reservoir 130 could hold over to 10 cm3.
In operation, the high pressure fuel entirely fills the reservoir 130 enabling further flexibility on the structure of the fuel injection equipment. For instance, each injector 100 of the equipment being provided with its own high pressure reservoir 130, the equipment may be of rail-less type, where the high pressure reservoir, instead of being concentrated in a common rail is distributed over the injectors.
It will be understood that the embodiments described above are given by way of example only and are not intended to limit the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims. It will also be understood that the embodiments described may be used individually or in combination.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
13177355 | Jul 2013 | EP | regional |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2014/065267 | 7/16/2014 | WO | 00 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
WO2015/010995 | 1/29/2015 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
4798186 | Ganser | Jan 1989 | A |
4946103 | Ganser | Aug 1990 | A |
5860597 | Tarr | Jan 1999 | A |
6092737 | Bosch | Jul 2000 | A |
6499467 | Morris | Dec 2002 | B1 |
6793161 | Fujita | Sep 2004 | B1 |
8925524 | Cooke | Jan 2015 | B2 |
20030197067 | Cowden | Oct 2003 | A1 |
20070215717 | Cooke | Sep 2007 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
102010038556 | Feb 2012 | DE |
2320061 | May 2011 | EP |
2562410 | Feb 2013 | EP |
2341893 | Mar 2000 | GB |
2013026611 | Feb 2013 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Translation DE102010038556 A1. |
Search Report dated Sep. 18, 2014. |
International Search Report dated Sep. 18, 2014. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20160160820 A1 | Jun 2016 | US |