Patent Application
20160319785
The present disclosure relates generally to internal combustion engines and, more specifically, offers teachings that may be used in an injector having an injector housing, an actuator and a nozzle needle.
Injectors for injecting fuel into a combustion space of a combustion chamber may comprise an injector housing, a piezo-actuator, and a nozzle needle. The piezo-actuator is arranged in an actuator space of the injector housing. The injector housing comprises a control piston bore in which a control piston is arranged. A leakage pin bore is provided between the actuator space and the control piston bore, in which leakage pin bore a leakage pin, which couples the control piston to the piezo-actuator, is arranged. Furthermore, a high pressure line is provided which is configured to convey a fuel under pressure to the nozzle needle. This injector requires precisely adjusted fitting tolerance between the leakage pin bore and the leakage pin in the region of the leakage pin bore, which fitting tolerance is costly to manufacture. In addition, this fit also has to be adapted to a fitting tolerance between the control piston and the control piston bore so that the function for activating the nozzle needle is ensured.
The teachings of the present disclosure may provide an improved injector, wherein the actuator is arranged in an actuator space of the injector housing, wherein the injector housing (15) comprises a control piston bore (60) in which a control piston (65) is arranged, wherein a leakage pin bore (105) is provided between the actuator space (45) and the control piston bore (60), in which leakage pin bore (105) a leakage pin (110), which couples the control piston (65) to the actuator (50), is arranged, wherein the control piston (65) is hydraulically operatively connected in order to open or close an outlet opening (166) of the injector housing (15) by means of the nozzle needle (155), wherein a high pressure line (25) is provided which is configured to convey a fuel under pressure to the nozzle needle.
In some embodiments, an injector (10; 230; 240; 265) may have an injector housing (15), an actuator (50) and a nozzle needle (155). The actuator (50) is arranged in an actuator space (45) of the injector housing (15). The injector housing (15) comprises a control piston bore (60) in which a control piston (65) is arranged. A leakage pin bore (105) is provided between the actuator space (45) and the control piston bore (60), in which leakage pin bore (105) a leakage pin (110), which couples the control piston (65) to the actuator (50), is arranged. The control piston (65) is hydraulically operatively connected in order to open or close an outlet opening (166) of the injector housing (15) by means of the nozzle needle (155). A high pressure line (25) is provided which is configured to convey a fuel under pressure to the nozzle needle (155). A feedline (225; 260) is provided in the injector housing (15) and connects the leakage pin bore (105) to the high pressure line (25).
In some embodiments, the control piston (65) forms, together with the control piston bore (60), a first control space (70) on a first end side (70) facing the leakage pin (110). A second control space (160) is provided on the end side of the nozzle needle (155). The first control space (75) is connected to the second control space (160) via a connection bore (165) in order to control a stroke movement of the nozzle needle (155).
In some embodiments, a nozzle needle sleeve (150) is provided, wherein the nozzle needle sleeve (150) and the nozzle needle (155) form first guide play (205), by means of which a first fuel leakage flow (K1) is able to pass through to the second control space (160).
In some embodiments, the control piston (65) and the control piston bore (60) form piston play (210), by means of which a second fuel leakage flow (K2) is able to pass through into the first control space (75), wherein second guide play (121), by means of which a third fuel leakage flow (K2) is able to pass through into the actuator space, is provided between the leakage pin (110) and the leakage pin bore (105).
In some embodiments, an intermediate plate (125), in which the feedline (225; 260) and the leakage pin bore (105) are arranged, is provided between the actuator space (45) and the control piston bore (60).
In some embodiments, the intermediate plate (125) comprises at least a first and a second intermediate plate part (245, 250), wherein the feedline (225; 260) is arranged in a groove shape in at least the first intermediate plate part (245) and is closed off by the second intermediate plate part (250).
In some embodiments, the feedline (225; 260) is arranged essentially perpendicularly with respect to the high pressure line (25) and/or the leakage pin bore (105).
In some embodiments, the feedline (225; 260) is arranged essentially obliquely with respect to the high pressure line (25) and/or the leakage pin bore (105), wherein the feedline (225; 260) opens into an upper or lower region of the high pressure line (25).
In some embodiments, a restrictor (235, 265) is provided in the feedline (225; 260).
In some embodiments, the restrictor (235, 265) is arranged adjacent to the leakage pin bore (105) in the feedline (225; 260).
In some embodiments, the restrictor has a first cross-sectional area, and the leakage pin (110) and the leakage pin bore (105) form a second cross-sectional area in a plane transversely with respect to a longitudinal axis (20) of the injector (10; 230; 240; 265), wherein the first cross-sectional area is of the same size as the second cross-sectional area.
In some embodiments, the actuator (50) is embodied as a piezo-actuator (50).
The properties, features and advantages of the teachings herein will become clearer and more clearly understood in conjunction with the following description of exemplary embodiments which are explained in more detail in conjunction with the drawings, wherein identical components are denoted by the same reference symbols.
In the drawings:
In some embodiments, an actuator is arranged in an actuator space of the injector housing. The injector housing comprises a control piston bore in which a control piston is arranged, wherein a leakage pin bore is provided between the actuator space and the control piston bore, in which leakage pin bore a leakage pin, which couples the control piston to the actuator, is arranged. The control piston is hydraulically operatively connected in order to open or close an outlet opening of the injector housing with the nozzle needle. In addition, a high pressure line is provided which is configured to convey a fuel under pressure to the nozzle needle. Furthermore, a feedline is provided in the injector housing and connects the leakage pin bore to the high pressure line.
These embodiments have the advantage that the settings of the fitting tolerances between the leakage pin and the leakage pin bore as well as of the control piston with respect to the control piston bore are functionally disconnected from one another and no longer have to be matched to one another as a function of one another. As a result, the fabrication of the injector can be simplified. In addition, relatively tight fitting tolerance spaces can be selected for the leakage pin, for the leakage pin bore and for the control piston and the control piston bore, with the result that the rigidity of the injector is increased and therefore dead time of the injector is reduced. Furthermore, greater robustness over the service life of the injector is made possible, since a worn leakage pin or a worn leakage pin bore essentially has no further effects on the operating behavior of the injector. As a result of the possibility of selecting tight fitting tolerances of the leakage pin with respect to the leakage pin bore and of the control piston with respect to the control piston bore, low leakage or a low flow of fuel occurs via these fitting tolerances between the leakage pin and the leakage pin bore and the control piston and the control piston bore, with the result that a significantly smaller number of particles are passed through between the control piston and the control piston bore or the leakage pin and the leakage pin bore, and the wear between the leakage pin and the leakage pin bore or the control piston and the control piston bore is therefore also additionally reduced.
In some embodiments, the control piston forms, together with the control piston bore, a first control space on a first end side facing the leakage pin, wherein a second control space is provided on the end side of the nozzle needle, wherein the first control space is connected to the second control space via a connection bore in order to control a stroke movement of the nozzle needle.
A first control space can be delimited when a nozzle needle sleeve is provided, wherein the nozzle needle sleeve and the nozzle needle form first guide play, by means of which a first fuel leakage flow is able to pass through to the second control space.
In some embodiments, the control piston and the control piston bore form piston play, by means of which a second fuel leakage flow is able to pass through into the first control space, wherein second guide play, by means of which a third fuel leakage flow is able to pass through into the actuator space, is provided between the leakage pin and the leakage pin bore.
In some embodiments, an intermediate plate, in which the feedline and the leakage pin bore are arranged, is provided between the actuator space and the control piston bore.
In some embodiments, the intermediate plate comprises at least a first and a second intermediate plate part, wherein the feedline is arranged in a groove shape in at least the first intermediate plate part and is closed off by the second intermediate plate part. In this way, the feedline can easily be introduced into the intermediate plate or into the injector by means of a milling method, for example.
A relatively short working time for manufacturing the feedlines is required if the feedline is arranged essentially perpendicularly with respect to the high pressure line and/or the leakage pin bore.
In some embodiments, the feedline is arranged essentially obliquely with respect to the high pressure line and/or the leakage pin bore, wherein the feedline opens into an upper or lower region of the high pressure line. In this way, the feedline can easily be introduced into the intermediate plate by means of a drilling process, for example.
In some embodiments, a restrictor is provided in the feedline. In this way, the cross-sectional area for the passage of fuel can easily be determined as defined in the feedline.
In some embodiments, the restrictor is arranged adjacent to the leakage pin bore in the feedline.
In some embodiments, an improved operating behavior and a low leakage and therefore a energy-efficient injector may result if the restrictor has a first cross-sectional area, and the leakage pin and the leakage pin bore form a second cross-sectional area in a plane transversely with respect to a longitudinal axis of the injector, wherein the first cross-sectional area is of the same size as the second cross-sectional area.
In some embodiments, the actuator is embodied as a piezo-actuator. In this way, a particularly fast reaction time and a high activation pressure for activating the leakage pin can be made available.
The injector 10 can inject fuel, e.g., a diesel fuel, into an internal combustion engine which comprises a common rail injection system. The injector 10 has an injector housing 15. The injector housing 15 comprises a high pressure line 25 which extends parallel to a longitudinal axis 20 and to which fuel under high pressure can be fed via a high pressure terminal 30. The high pressure terminal 30 is arranged in an upper region 11. In addition, a leakage port 40 for returning fuel into a fuel tank of the motor vehicle is provided in the upper region 11 of the injector housing 15.
Furthermore, the injector housing 15 has, in the upper region 11 of the injector 10, an actuator space 45 in which a piezo-actuator 50 is arranged. As an alternative to the piezo-actuator 50, an actuator which is embodied in a magneto-restrictive fashion could also be arranged in the actuator space 45. The actuator space 45 also has a leakage connection 51 to the leakage port 40 and is therefore part of a low pressure region 52 of the injector 10. The piezo-actuator 50 may include a fully active piezo-stack with approximately a cylindrical shape and is supplied with an electrical voltage via an electrical terminal 54, in order to change a length of the piezo-actuator 50 in the longitudinal direction, that is to say in the direction of the longitudinal axis 20. In a lower region 55 of the injector housing 15, arranged underneath the upper region 11 in
The control piston 65 has a first end side 70 which faces the piezo-actuator 50. The first end side 70 forms, together with the control piston bore 60, a first control space 75. Opposite the first end side 70, the control piston 65 forms, with a second end side 76, a spring space 80 in the control piston bore 60. The control piston 65 is arranged here between the first control space 75 and the spring space 80, so as to be moveable in the direction of the longitudinal axis 20.
In the spring space 80, a control piston spring 85 is provided which is embodied, for example, as a helical compression spring. In this context, a first longitudinal end 90 of the control piston spring 85 faces the second end side 76 of the control piston 65 and is supported thereon. A second longitudinal end 100 of the control piston spring 85 is supported on a lower end face 104, facing the second end side 90 of the control piston 65, of the control piston bore 60. The control piston spring 85 applies to the control piston 65 a force which acts in the direction of the first control space 75, parallel to the longitudinal axis 20.
It is to be noted that although the control piston 65, which is shown in
In some embodiments, a leakage pin bore 105 is arranged between the actuator space 45 and the first control space 75 of the control piston bore 60. In addition, a leakage pin 110 is arranged in the leakage pin bore 105, said leakage pin 110 bearing, on a third end side 115, on the piezo-actuator 50 and, with a fourth end side 120 of the leakage pin 110, on the first end side 70 of the control piston 65. The length of the leakage pin 110 or of the leakage pin bore 105 is selected in such a way that when the length of the piezo-actuator 50 is increased in the direction of the longitudinal axis 20, the change in length of the piezo-actuator 50 is transmitted to the control piston 65 via the leakage pin 110. The leakage pin 110 also has first bearing play 121, e.g., a clearance fit, in order to permit an axial movement of the leakage pin 110 in the leakage pin bore 105.
In some embodiments, the leakage pin bore 105 is arranged in an intermediate plate 125. The intermediate plate 125 bears on the top of a control plate 130 in which the control piston bore 60 is arranged. Underneath the control plate 130, a connecting plate 135 bears on said control plate 130. The high pressure line 25 extends through the connecting plate 135, the control plate 130 and the intermediate plate 125. A nozzle needle housing 140, in which the high pressure line 25 ends, bears on the connecting plate 135, underneath said connecting plate 135.
In some embodiments, a nozzle needle bore 145, which runs along the longitudinal axis 20 and is arranged in the one nozzle needle sleeve 150, is provided in the nozzle needle housing 140. In this context, the spring space 80 is connected to the nozzle needle bore 145 via a spring space bore 146. The nozzle needle sleeve 150 engages around the circumference of a nozzle needle 155. The nozzle needle 155 has on the upper side an upper end face 160 which faces the connecting plate 135. The upper end face 160 forms, together with the connecting plate 135 in the longitudinal direction 20 and together with the nozzle needle sleeve 150 in the radial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis 20, a second control space 160. The second control space 160 is connected to the first control space 75 via a schematically illustrated first connecting bore 165.
Underneath the nozzle needle sleeve 150, a collar 170 is provided on the nozzle needle 155, said collar 170 essentially perpendicular with respect to the longitudinal axis 20, running around the nozzle needle 155. A nozzle spring 175, e.g., a helical compression spring, is arranged between the collar 170 and the nozzle needle sleeve 150. In this context, a first longitudinal end 180 of the nozzle spring 175 is supported on the nozzle needle sleeve 150, and a second longitudinal end 185, arranged opposite the longitudinal end 180, of the nozzle spring 175 is supported on the collar 170 via a ring 186. The nozzle spring 175 applies to the nozzle needle 155 a force which acts on the parallel to the longitudinal axis 20 and away from the second control space 160. The nozzle needle 155 also has a nozzle tip 190 on a longitudinal side facing away from the upper end face 160. In addition, an outlet opening 195, which is closed off by the nozzle needle tip 190, is provided in the region of the nozzle tip 190.
The high pressure line 25 can be filled with a fuel which is under high pressure (1000 to 3000 bar), for example from a rail of a common rail injection system, and is therefore part of a high pressure region 200 of the injector 10. The fuel is fed to the nozzle needle bore 145 via the high pressure line 25. The nozzle needle sleeve 150 and the nozzle needle 155 have second guide play 205. As a result of the second guide play 205, the fuel under pressure is forced out of the nozzle needle bore 145 into the second control space 160 with a first fuel leakage flow K1. The first fuel leakage flow K1 is passed onto the first control space 75 via the first connecting bore 165.
The spring space 80 is connected to the nozzle needle bore 145 via a second connecting bore 210, with the result that the fuel is under high pressure in the spring space 80 and presses against the second end side 76 of the control piston 65. The control piston 65 has piston play 215 around an axial movement of the control piston 65 in the control piston bore 60, as a result of which piston play 215 a second fuel leakage flow K2 flows in the direction of the first control space 75, in which the second fuel leakage flow K2 combines with the first fuel leakage flow K1. In the process, the fuel leakage flows occur only when the pressure in the first control space 75 is lower than the pressure in the high pressure line 25.
If the leakage pin 110 is pushed downward in the direction of the nozzle needle 155 by an increase in length of the piezo-actuator 50, said leakage pin 110 activates the control piston 65 and likewise presses the control piston 65 in the direction of the nozzle needle 155. As a result, the volume of the first control space 75 is increased, as a result of which the pressure is reduced, wherein, in order to equalize the pressure, fuel flows on from the second control space 160 via the first connecting bore 165 and therefore the pressure present in the second control space 160 drops. In addition, the first and the second fuel leakage flow K1, K2 also flow into the first control space 75. As a result of the drop in pressure in the second control space 160, a force for pressing the nozzle needle 155 against the outlet opening 166 decreases, with the result that the nozzle needle 155 is lifted up on the underside in the region of the nozzle needle tip 190 by the pressure present in the nozzle needle bore 145, and the nozzle needle spring 175 is compressed. As a result of the lifting up, fuel flows into a combustion space of an internal combustion engine from the nozzle needle bore 145 via the outlet opening 195.
In order to disable the outlet opening 195 or to disable the flowing out of fuel through the outlet opening 195, the piezo-actuator 50 is electrically actuated in such a way that it shortens again into its original state. The control piston spring 85 presses the control piston 65 in the direction of the actuator space 45, wherein the leakage pin 110 is likewise pressed in the direction of the actuator space 45. The leakage pin 110 follows the axial shortening of the piezo-actuator 50 here. In this context, the volume of the first control space 75 is reduced and the fuel located therein is forced into the second control space 160 via the first connecting bore 165. In addition, a portion of the fuel flows off into the actuator space 45 via a third fuel leakage flow K3. The rise in pressure causes the pressure, as a result of the fuel located in the second control space 160 and the force of the nozzle needle spring 175, to be higher than that resulting from the fuel under pressure in the nozzle needle bore 145 for lifting off the nozzle needle 155, with the result that the nozzle needle 155 is forced downward again, with the result that the nozzle needle tip 190 closes the outlet opening 166 in the injector housing 15.
In addition, a feedline 225 is provided between the leakage pin bore 105 and the high pressure line 75 in the intermediate plate 125. In
The high pressure line 25 supplies the feedline 225 with fuel under high pressure. This fuel places fuel located in the first guide play 121 under the pressure of the high pressure line 25. This causes the pressure difference at the leakage pin 110 between the high pressure region 200 and the low pressure region 52 of the injector 10 to be eliminated. This results in the low pressure region 52 becoming functionally disconnected from the function of the high pressure region 200.
In the case of a closed injector 10, rail pressure is present at a combination of the leakage pin bore 105 with the feedline 225, as in the first control space 75, with the result that an inflow of fuel, referred to as a fuel leakage flow K3, into the first control space 75 via the feedline 225 is equal to zero. The entire quantity of fuel which flows in the feedline 225 in this state, flows off in the gap between the leakage pin bore 105 and the leakage pin 110 as a fuel leakage flow K4 into the low pressure region 52. Since the leakage flow balance condition that the inflowing fuel leakage flow is equal to the outflowing fuel leakage flow has to be met for the first and second control spaces 75, 160, this means that the sum of fuel leakage flow K1 and fuel leakage flow K2 must also be equal to zero. As a result it is possible for the second guide play 205 and the piston play 215 to be configured for minimum guide play, with the result that clamping during operation of the injector 10 is avoided. Likewise, a requirement for minimum guide play in the piston play 215 or the second guide play 205 for ensuring minimum leakage flows can be avoided.
In the case of an open injector 10, a pressure which is lower than the rail pressure is present in the first and second control spaces 75, 160. This pressure gradient leads to a situation in which all three fuel leakage flows K1, K2 and K3 enter the first and second control spaces 75, 160. As a result of the provision of the feedline 225, the first and second guide play 121 and 205 as well as the piston play 215 can also be configured for minimum possible play for this state of the injector 10, in order to prevent clamping. In addition, it is possible to avoid a situation in which the first and second guide play 121 and 205 as well as the piston play 215 have to be adapted to a minimum leakage flow in terms of in each case a as a result of the first or second guide play 121 and 205 or piston play 215. As a result, the configuration of the injector 10 can be simplified.
The first cross-sectional area is approximately of the same size as the second cross-sectional area here. In this way, the fuel leakage flow K3 via the first guide play 121 can be particularly easily minimized, since only the fuel leakage flow K3, which flows off into the actuator space 45, is equalized by the feedline 225, with the result that the injector has a particularly high level of efficiency, in particular in the dynamic mode. Since the pressure in the first control space corresponds to the pressure in the nozzle needle bore 145 as a result of the feedline 225, flowing off of fuel from the first control space in the direction of the nozzle needle bore 145 through leakage is also avoided.
In addition, the functional robustness of the injector with respect to possible wear on the leakage pin 110 is minimized by virtue of the fact that the first guide play 121 can be adapted in an optimum way to the loads on the leakage pin 110 in the leakage pin bore 105. In particular, the first guide play 121 can be selected in such a way that during the up and down movement the fuel located in the second guide play 121 for the purpose of lubrication does not move away, and therefore the direct rubbing of the leakage pin 110 against the leakage pin bore 105 can be avoided, and at the same time the third fuel leakage flow K3 toward the actuator space 45 is minimized.
The intermediate plate 125 comprises, in addition to the embodiment shown in
The feedline 260 extends radially outward from the leakage pin 110 to the high pressure line 25 here and connects the leakage pin bore 105 to the high pressure line 25. The groove-shaped configuration of the feedline 260 may be introduced in the first intermediate plate part 245, for example with a milling process. The feedline 260 is closed off on the underside by the second intermediate plate part 250, with the result that the two intermediate plate parts 245, 250 form a duct which connects the leakage pin bore 105 to the high pressure line 25. The feedline 260 can, depending on the desired configuration, have a rectangular, polygonal, round or trapezoidal cross section.
In the embodiment, the feedline 260 is arranged in the upper intermediate plate part 245. Of course, the feedline 260 can also be arranged in the lower second intermediate part 250 or in both intermediate plate parts 245, 250. Of course, the feedline 260 can also be composed of a plurality of feedline parts running one next to the other.
The various embodiments of the injector 10, 230, 240, 265 may provide second guide play 205 and the piston play 215 can be selected independently of the first guide play 121 between the leakage pin 110 and the leakage pin bore 105. As a result, the guide plays 121, 205 as well as the piston play 215 can each be adapted in an optimum way to the respective function of the component, for example of the control piston 65 or of the nozzle needle sleeve 150. In addition it is possible to reduce significantly the second guide play 205 and/or the piston play 215 compared to the injectors known in the prior art, with the result that the rigidity of the control piston 65 in the control piston bore 60 is increased and at the same time a dead time of the injector is reduced. In addition, the robustness of the injector 10, 230, 240, 265 is increased, with the result that the injector 10, 230, 240, 265 has a longer service life since the wear on the leakage pin 111 has virtually no effect on the behavior of the control piston 65 or of the actuation of the nozzle needle 155.
As a result of selecting smaller values for the guide plays 205, 121 and/or the reduced piston play 210, the leakage within the injector 10, 230, 240, 265 is reduced. This also results in particles, which have been introduced into the injector, for example, within the fuel despite a fuel filter, or particles arising from wear of the high pressure pump or of the injector 10, 230, 240, 265, being passed to a significantly smaller degree into the guide plays 205, 121 and/or into the piston play 210 and being able to cause further wear there.
Although illustrated and described in detail by means of various exemplary embodiments, the teachings herein are not restricted by the disclosed examples and other variations can be derived therefrom by a person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the teachings of the present disclosure. It is therefore possible, for example, for the restrictor 235, 265 also to be arranged adjacent to the high pressure line 25. It is also conceivable for the first cross-sectional area of the restrictor 235, 265 to be nominally larger than the second cross-sectional area of the first guide play 121.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2012 220 610.8 | Nov 2012 | DE | national |
This application is a U.S. National Stage Application of International Application No. PCT/EP2013/073297 filed Nov. 7, 2013, which designates the United States of America, and claims priority to DE Application No. 10 2012 220 610.8 filed Nov. 13, 2012, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2013/073297 | 11/7/2013 | WO | 00 |
