Information
-
Patent Grant
-
6499821
-
Patent Number
6,499,821
-
Date Filed
Wednesday, July 19, 200024 years ago
-
Date Issued
Tuesday, December 31, 200221 years ago
-
Inventors
-
Original Assignees
-
Examiners
Agents
- Fitzpatrick, Cella, Harper & Scinto
-
CPC
-
US Classifications
Field of Search
US
- 347 14
- 347 9
- 347 19
- 347 43
-
International Classifications
-
Abstract
A printing apparatus includes a unit which counts the number of drive pulses applied to a print head and accumulatively stores the number of the drive pulses from the start of initial use of the printing head, and a unit which measures a temperature of the printing head and a time elapsed at the temperature in conjunction with each other, and stores a temperature history. The printing apparatus controls a timing of ink ejection from the printing head and an amount of ink to be ejected by adjusting a width of the drive pulses dependently on stored contents (a use history of the printing head) to maintain a stable image quality by adequately preventing ejecting characteristics and dot forming locations on a printing medium from being varied due to a use history of the print head.
Description
This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 11-207996 (1999) filed Jul. 22, 1999, the content of which is incorporated hereinto by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an ink jet printing apparatus and an ink jet printing head.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recording apparatuses (printing apparatuses) for recording (printing) on recording media such as paper and sheets for OHP (hereinafter referred to as recording paper or simply as paper) are classified into the so-called serial type which uses a recording head mounted on a movable member (hereinafter referred to as a carriage) reciprocally moving in a direction (main scanning direction) perpendicular to a recording paper transporting direction and a line type which uses a recording head having recording elements arranged within a range corresponding to a width of the recording paper. These recording apparatuses use recording heads which are configured for various recording systems such as a wire dot recording system, a thermal recording system, a heat transfer recording system, an ink jet recording system and an electrophotographic recording system.
Furthermore, there are widely used electronic appliances or data processing systems equipped with these recording apparatuses, and apparatuses which are electrically connected to the recording apparatus by way of interfaces and provide commands related to edition and recording of data to be recorded with the recording apparatuses, and which constitute image data supply sources and may be computers as data processing apparatuses, image reading apparatuses or the like.
Out of the recording apparatuses mentioned above, ink jet recording apparatuses mostly comprise ink tanks for supplying ink as a recording agent and recording heads for ejecting supplied ink to the recording paper, and are generally configured to replace the ink tanks with others when the ink is consumed substantially in the ink tanks. In the recent years, there is used a construction using a recording head cartridge wherein an ink tank is integrated fixedly or detachably with a recording head thereby allowing the ink tank to be exchanged together with the recording head or to be detached from a recording head for exchanging, when the ink is consumed substantially in the ink tank.
Furthermore, there have been prevailing recording apparatuses which are capable of performing various printing works (for example, monochromatic and color printing works) while adequately exchanging recording heads or cartridges for different kinds of ink (for example, black ink and color ink). for optimum recording of data matched with kinds of data to be recorded, with compact constructions.
Out of the recording apparatuses which have the above described construction, a certain apparatus is configured to be capable of informing a user of data of a recording agent such as ink consumed as a recording work proceeds: a consumed amount of ink or an amount of ink held in an ink tank (residual amount of ink). Furthermore, a certain recording apparatus carries out the an operation to secure favorable recording condition (so-called ejection recovery operation) before starting a recording operation after recording agent supply means such as an ink tank or a recording head is exchanged.
Since the above-described ink jet recording apparatus is accompanied by a fear that it may wastefully consume the recording paper on which recording is interrupted when the printer can hardly continue a recording operation in the course of recording, it is preferable to stop the recording before the printer can hardly continue the recording operation actually and restart the recording operation after preliminarily obtaining a condition where the recording operation cannot be interrupted. Causes which make it hard to continue the recording operation in the course of recording are traced mostly to small residual amounts of ink. Accordingly, it is preferable to measure a residual amount of ink at times and provide warning when the residual amount is lowered to a predetermined level, thereby urging a user to replenish ink (exchange an ink tank or the like).
On the other hand, remarkable progresses have recently been made in photographic printers which provide images of the so-called photographic quality, and recording heads used for these printers have been configured acceleratedly for higher densities and smaller dots, whereby recording densities are now enhanced to 600 to 1200 DPI (dots/inch) and ink ejecting amounts are now reduced to 8 to 4 pl (picoliters). Such recording heads are apt to produce stripes, color ununiformities, textures and the like perceived by human eye on recorded images due to slight variations of ink ejecting characteristics from ejecting openings. Since the ejecting characteristics are varied and image qualities are degraded as the recording heads are used for a long time, the recording heads have image forming service lives shorter than conventional recording heads even when nozzles themselves including ink jet elements (heating elements of a recording head which use thermal energy for ejecting ink or piezoelectric elements of a recording head which use mechanical energy for ejecting ink) are free from uncorrectable problems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has been achieved in view of points described above and has an object to adequately control variations of ejecting characteristics and dot forming locations on a recording medium (printing medium) due to a use history of a recording head (printing head), thereby making it possible to maintain a stable image quality for a long time.
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ink jet printing apparatus which carries out printing using a printing head for ejecting ink, comprising:
means for measuring data related to a use history of the printing head; and
means for controlling a timing of ink ejection from the printing head on the basis of the data related to the use history.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a printing method using a printing head for ejecting ink, comprising the steps of:
measuring data related to a use history of the printing head; and
controlling a timing of ink ejection from the printing head on the basis of the data related to the use history.
In the first or second aspect, the printing head may have ejection openings arranged in a plurality of columns in a direction different from a relative scanning direction to a printing medium, and the control means or step may control an ink ejection timing between the plurality of columns.
The first or second aspect of the present invention may further comprise means for or step of printing by bi-directionally scanning the printing head relative to a printing medium, and the control means or step may control an ink ejection timing in a forward direction relative to an ink ejection timing in a backward direction.
In the first or second aspect, the control means or step may control an amount of ink to be ejected by adjusting an energy of a drive signal to be applied to the printing head for ejecting the ink.
Here, the control means or step may adjust a width of the drive pulse to be applied to the printing head.
In the first or second aspect, the measuring means or step may have means for or step of counting the number of drive signals applied to the printing head for ejecting the ink.
Here, memory means may be comprised for accumulatively storing the number of the drive signals from the start of the initial use of the printing head as data related to the use history on the basis of measurements by the measuring means.
In the first aspect, the measuring means may have means for measuring a temperature of the printing head and a time elapsed at the temperature in conjunction with each other.
Here, memory means may be comprised for storing a temperature history from an operation start of the printing head as the data related to the use history on the basis of measurements by the measuring means.
In the first aspect, the measuring means may have means for counting the number of drive signals applied to the printing head for ejecting the ink, and means for measuring a temperature of the printing head and a time elapsed at the temperature in conjunction with each other; and
the control means, according to the data related to the use history on the basis of measurement by the measuring means, may control the timing of the ink ejection from the printing head and control an amount of the ink to be ejected by adjusting an energy of a drive signal to be applied to the printing head for ejecting the ink.
Here, memory means may be comprised for accumulatively storing the number of the drive signals from the start of the initial use of the printing head and a temperature history, as the data related to the use history on the basis of the measurements by the measuring means.
In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a printing head used for an ink jet printing apparatus having means for measuring data related to a use history of the printing head and means for controlling a timing of ink ejection from the printing head on the basis of the data related to the use history, the printing head being a form of a unit detachably mounted on the ink jet printing apparatus, the printing head comprising:
means for ejecting ink; and
means for storing data related to the use history on the basis of measurement by the measuring means.
Here, the ejecting means may have an electrothermal transducer for generating thermal energy to make the ink film-boil, as an energy used for ejecting the ink.
Incidentally, in this specification, the term “print” (also referred to as “record”) represents not only forming significant information, such as characters, graphic images or the like, but also represents forming images, patterns and the like on the printing medium irrespective of whether it is significant or not and whether the formed images are to be visually perceptible or not, in broad sense, and further includes the case where the medium is processed.
In addition, the term “printing medium” refers to paper for use in general printing apparatuses as well as a medium such as a cloth, a plastic film, and a metallic plate and the like and any substance which can receive inks ejected by the heads in broad sense.
Further, the term “ink” has to be understood in broad sense similarly to the definition of “print” and should include any liquid to be used for formation of image patterns and the like or for processing of the printing medium.
Additionally, the term “nozzle”, as used hereafter, collectively refers to an ejection opening, a liquid passage in communication therewith, and an element for generating energy for use in ink ejection, unless otherwise specified.
The above and other objects, effects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments thereof taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1
is a schematic perspective view showing constructions of main members in an embodiment of an ink jet printing apparatus to which the present invention is applicable;
FIG. 2
is a block diagram showing an example of construction of a control system of the printing apparatus shown in
FIG. 1
;
FIGS. 3A and 3B
are diagrams descriptive of an example of construction of a head unit to be used in the construction shown in
FIG. 1
;
FIG. 3A
being a schematic diagram of the head unit as seen from a side of ejecting openings and
FIG. 3B
being a schematic sectional view of an ejecting portion;
FIG. 4
is a schematic sectional view descriptive of an ejecting condition from the ejecting portion which is used for a long time;
FIG. 5
is a diagram descriptive of relationship between a dot deviation between nozzle columns in the ejecting portion and an elapsed time of use at different temperatures;
FIGS. 6A and 6B
are diagrams descriptive of a manner in which an ink ejecting speed lowered due to a use history of a printing head causes a deviation of a dot forming location for bidirectional printing operations:
FIG. 6A
being a schematic diagram showing an initial condition and
FIG. 6B
being a schematic diagram showing bi-directional printing in a condition where the ejecting speed is lowered;
FIG. 7
is a perspective view showing another example of construction of the head unit to which the present invention is applicable;
FIG. 8
is a flow chart showing an example of control procedures for correcting a head driving timing according to the history of the head;
FIG. 9
is a diagram showing an example of a driving circuit of a print head for implementing control procedures of
FIG. 8
; and
FIGS. 10A and 10B
are timing charts for illustrating the signals of the driving circuit of FIG.
9
.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[Example of Construction of Printing Apparatus]
FIG. 1
is a schematic perspective view showing a construction of an embodiment of an ink jet printing apparatus to which the present invention is applicable.
In
FIG. 1
, ahead unit which has a plurality of (four) printing heads
1
A,
1
B,
1
C and
1
D is mounted on a carriage
2
. Each of the printing heads
1
A through
1
D has an ejecting portion and an ink tank, and can be equipped with a connector for transmitting and receiving signals or the like which are used to drive the ejecting portion.
The plurality of printing heads are used for printing in colors different from one another and ink of different colors, for example, black (Bk), cyan (C), magenta (M) and yellow (Y) are accommodated in the ink tanks. The printing head or the head unit
1
has been positioned and exchangeably mounted on the carriage
2
. A connector holder (electric connector) is attached to the carriage
2
to transmit drive signals or the like to the printing head via the connector.
The carriage
2
is guided and supported so as to be bi-directionally movable along a guide shaft
3
which extends in a main scanning direction and disposed in a body of the apparatus. The carriage
2
is driven to control its location and movement by a main scanning motor
4
via a motion transmitting mechanism consisting of a motor pulley
5
, a follower pulley
6
, a timing belt
7
and the like. A printing medium
8
such as printing paper, a thin plastic sheet or the like is transported (paper feeding) by rotating two pairs of transporting rollers
9
,
10
and
11
,
12
while passing through a location (printing portion) opposed to an ejecting face of the ejecting portion. The printing medium
8
is supported on its rear surface with a platen (not shown) so that the printing medium forms a flat printing surface at the printing portion. In this case, each of the ejecting portions mounted on the carriage
2
is held so that the ejecting face protrudes downward from the carriage
2
and is in parallel with the printing medium
8
between the above described two pairs of carrying rollers.
Each ejecting portion has ejecting heaters such as electrothermal transducers, for example, for generating thermal energy when electrically energized. The ejecting portion causes film boiling in ink on the electrothermal transducer with the thermal energy and carries out printing by ejecting the ink from an ejection opening utilizing a pressure of bubble produced by the boiling.
The head unit
1
may use printing heads for different colors which are independently arranged in place of the above-described printing heads for different colors which are integrated with each other. Furthermore, a printing head may have a construction wherein a group of nozzles for ejecting Bk ink and a group of nozzles ejecting Y, M and C inks are disposed in parallel with one another. Furthermore, the number of printing heads can be adequately selected not only dependent on kinds of colors usable in the printing apparatus but also dependent on concentrations.
Furthermore, the printing heads may have a construction integrated with the ink tanks serving as an ink supply source or be configured to receive ink from ink tanks disposed at separate locations by way of tubes or the like. When the printing heads are to be integrated with the ink tanks, these members may be configured as a cartridge which can be attached and detached to and from an apparatus main unit (cartridge) or may be separable from each other so that only the ink tanks, for example, are exchangeable independently.
FIG. 2
shows an example of construction of main members of a control system of the printing apparatus shown in FIG.
1
. When image data
101
is input into a CPU
102
of the printing apparatus from a host unit (an image data supply source which may be a computer as a data processor unit, an image reading unit or the like), for example, a signal is output from the CPU
102
to head drive control unit
104
. The head drive control unit
104
controls a width and a generating timing of a drive pulse to be applied to an electrothermal transducer (ejecting heater)
131
of an ejecting portion
103
.
A head history measuring unit
105
counts the number of ejecting pulses with a pulse generation history measuring section
151
and measures data detected by a temperature sensor
132
disposed in the ejecting portion
103
and an elapsed time in conjunction with each other with a temperature history measuring section
152
. These data measured by the head history measuring unit
105
are stored into a pulse generation history memory section
161
and a temperature history memory section
162
of a head history memory unit
106
. Dependently on the data stored by the head history memory unit
106
, the head drive control unit
104
modifies settings of the width and the generating timing of the drive pulse to be applied to the ejecting heater
131
.
The pulse generation history measuring section
151
of the head history measuring unit
105
may have a counter which increments a count value whenever an ejecting heater drive signal is produced. The number of drive signals, which is substantially equal to the number of ink ejections, from the start of the initial use of the print head can be stored accumulatively by updating contents stored in the pulse generation history memory section
161
of the head history memory unit
106
on the basis of a value counted by the counter. Furthermore, the temperature history measuring section
152
of the head history measuring unit
105
may have an A/D converter which converts an analog signal output from the temperature sensor
132
disposed on a side of the head into a digital signal and a calculating section which performs a calculation described later so that contents stored in the temperature history memory section
162
of the head history memory unit
106
can be updated on the basis of a calculation result. A non-volatile memory such as an EEPROM or a RAM which is backed up by a battery can be used in the head history memory unit
106
so that stored contents can be retained even when electrical power to the printing apparatus is turned off.
Furthermore, the temperature sensor
132
may be formed on a substrate of the ejecting portion
103
in a process of forming the ejecting heater
131
or configured as a thermistor to be attached to the printing head. The temperature sensor
132
need not necessarily be a hardware temperature sensor so long as the temperature sensor allows to estimate a temperature from a driven condition of the ejecting portion, that is, an energy level, a driving period or a driving frequency of the drive pulse. Furthermore, the temperature sensor
132
may use a combination of the items mentioned above.
Configurations of the ejecting portion
103
and the head unit
1
will be described with reference to
FIGS. 3A and 3B
.
FIG. 3A
is a schematic diagram showing an example of construction of the head unit
1
as seen from a side of ejection openings which eject ink, for example, as droplets. As shown in
FIG. 3A
, ejection openings
35
are arranged in two columns in each ejecting portion for a color of black (Bk), cyan (C), magenta (M) or yellow (Y). The ejection openings
35
which compose these columns are distributed at locations shifted in a vertical direction in
FIG. 3A
, a sub-scanning direction (paper feeding direction), so as to form the so-called zigzag pattern.
In the construction shown in
FIG. 3A
, a nozzle arrangement density is 1200 DPI and nozzles are disposed at a pitch of approximately 21.2 μm in the sub-scanning direction. Furthermore, it is desirable that a spacing between the two columns for each color is a multiple of the pitch of the nozzle, specifically, a multiple on the order of 10 times of the pitch of the nozzle (approximately 212 μm) since an ink supply port
39
is disposed between the columns of the ejection openings as shown in FIG.
3
B.
The ejecting portion has a construction wherein the ejecting heater
131
is disposed on a substrate
38
in which the supply port
39
is formed as shown in
FIG. 3B. A
liquid path
36
and the ejection opening
35
are formed by a process such as photolithography of a positive type resist layer which is a templating member for the nozzle and a layer of a photosensitive resin such as an epoxy resin having resistance to ink. Furthermore, the substrate
38
is supported by a base plate
40
.
When a vertical line of Bk is to be formed on a printing medium with the jecting portion having the above described construction, that is, when ink is to be ejected from a group of the ejection openings in the two columns and landed on the same location in the main scanning direction of the head, for example, the vertical line can be formed by delaying a timing of ejection from the nozzles in a second column as compared with a timing of ejection from the nozzles in a first column by a predetermined amount (corresponding to 10 pixels in this embodiment).
[Correction Dependent on Head History]
FIG. 4
is a schematic sectional view of a condition of the ejecting portion which has been used for a long time. Since the ejecting portion which has the above-described construction has the nozzles made of the photosensitive resin such as the epoxy resin, the ejecting portion absorbs water or a liquid and is deformed slightly at a region surrounding the ejection opening. When the ejecting portion is deformed as described above, ink is ejected in a direction which is deviated at a slight angle from a direction perpendicular to a printing surface of a printing medium.
As a result of experiments and eager examinations, the inventor has found that the deviation of an ejecting angle, that is, a deviation of the dots between the two nozzle columns in the ejecting portion for each color, can be previously estimated from a head temperature and a time of use at the temperature.
FIG. 5
is a diagram descriptive of the relation between the deviation of the dots between the nozzle columns and an elapsed time of use at different temperatures based on the measured values obtained through experiments. It is possible to prevent the deviation of dots between the nozzle columns by a change of the ejecting angle, by adjusting the timing of ejection from the second nozzle column relative to the timing of ejection from the first nozzle column, that is, by correcting an ejection delay time of the second nozzle column relative to the ejection time of the first nozzle column, utilizing the relationship shown in FIG.
5
.
However, it has been experimentally confirmed that the deviation of the dots between the nozzle columns within a pixel (21.2 μm in this embodiment) scarcely influences on image formation and it is sufficient to adjust the ejection timing (correct the ejection delay time) once or twice before a service life of the head itself expires. In order to simplify a calculation processing, a total sum of (head temperature T)×(elapsed time t)×(temperature coefficient AT) at each temperatures is to be stored as a temperature history data in the memory section
162
and the ejection delay time is to be corrected by the drive control means
104
when the temperature history data exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
Now, description will be made of changes of ejection characteristics which are caused dependently on the number of ejecting pulses.
In case of an ejecting portion which uses an ejecting heater which generates a thermal energy as an energy to be utilized for ejecting ink as in the embodiment, ejecting characteristics are changed (an ink ejecting rate and an ejecting speed are lowered in particular) due to “scorch” caused in the ejecting heater. It is therefore possible to estimate a “scorch” condition or lowered conditions of the ink ejecting rate and the ink ejecting speed when the number of ejecting pulses from the start of the initial use is counted by the pulse generation history measuring section
151
and stored into the pulse generation history memory section
161
. The ejecting characteristics can be stably maintained by adequately setting an energy (a pulse width in this embodiment) of an electric signal to be applied to the ejecting heater by the drive control means
104
when the stored number of the ejecting pulses exceeds a predetermined value.
When printing is carried out by bi-directional main scanning in particular, lowering of the ejection speed constitutes a cause for a deviation of dot forming locations (the so-called rule mark deviation in a case where vertical rule marks are printed by bi-directional printing).
FIGS. 6A and 6B
are schematic diagrams descriptive of the rule mark deviation.
FIG. 6A
shows an initial condition where an ink drop
100
is ejected at an ejecting speed (v) of 15 m/s from the ejection opening
35
of the ejecting portion
103
, a spacing between the ejection opening
35
and a printing medium is 1 mm and a main scanning speed of the head is 0.318 m/s for a recording density of 1200 DPI at a drive frequency of 15 kHz. A reference symbol X
0
in
FIG. 6A
represents a moving distance of the ink drop in the main scanning direction until the ink drop reaches the printing medium after application of the ejecting pulse and X
0
=21.2 μm in the initial condition. When the bi-directional printing is to be carried out with the ink jet head, a delay time for the bi-directional printing is determined taking a time corresponding to X
0
into consideration.
In case of
FIG. 6B
showing the bi-directional printing in a condition where the ejection speed (v) is lowered to 10 m/s due to a head history, a moving distance of the ink drop in the main scanning direction until the ink drop reaches the printing medium after the application of the ejecting pulse is X
1
=31.8 μm.
As a result, a location of a dot formed by main scanning in a forward direction is deviated from a location of a dot formed by main scanning in a backward direction for a distance of 2×(31.8−21.2)=21.2 μm.
Accordingly, it is possible to prevent such a deviation from being caused and form a stable image by adequately correcting a delay time for the bi-directional printing according to the pulse generation history.
[Mounting Example of History Memory Unit]
In the above described printing apparatus, the head history memory unit may be disposed on a side of the printing apparatus body so that contents of the head history memory unit are refreshed when the head unit
1
is exchanged. Alternatively, the head unit may have a construction described below.
FIG. 7
shows another example of construction of the head unit
1
comprising an ejecting portion
103
in which an ejecting heater, an ejection opening and the like are formed, a flexible cable
110
electrically connected to the ejecting heater, and a chip tank
112
in which an ink supply path from an ink tank portion (not shown) to the ejecting portion
103
is formed. Furthermore, disposed at a terminal end of the flexible cable
110
is a contact pad portion
113
which is brought into contact with a connecting portion disposed on a carriage for electrical connection to the printing apparatus body. An EEPROM
63
is mounted in the vicinity of the contact pad portion
113
as the head history memory unit
106
. Though
FIG. 7
shows a condition where the EEPROM
63
and the contact pad portion
113
are disposed on an identical side surface, the EEPROM
63
may be disposed on a rear surface to make it unnecessary to prepare a recess for mounting the head unit
1
on the main unit of the printing apparatus or the carriage.
When the EEPROM
63
adopted as the head history memory unit
106
is disposed on a side of the head unit
1
as described above, it is possible to obtain an adequate drive condition by providing data peculiar to the ejecting portion
103
or the head unit
1
, that is, a construction and an initial drive control timing of the ejecting portion of the head unit, to the printing apparatus thereby making an adjustment by the printing apparatus. Furthermore, since stored contents are maintained even after the head unit
1
which is usable continuously is temporally exchanged with another unit dependently on an image to be formed or an operator's desire and mounted once again, the printing apparatus can perform a printing operation appropriately.
[Example of Control Corresponding to Head History]
FIG. 8
is a flow chart exemplifying a control procedure for correcting a head drive timing corresponding to a head history. This procedure can be started upon electrically energizing the printing apparatus, at an interval of a predetermined time or a predetermined printing amount, after exchange of the head unit or at another adequate timing.
When the procedure is started, data related to a temperature history is read out which is stored in the temperature history memory unit
162
or the EEPROM
63
in step S
1
. Next, in step S
3
, it is judged whether or not the read temperature history data exceeds a predetermined value, and when an affirmative judgement is made, a correction of an ejection delay time already set for a second nozzle column relative to a first nozzle column is carried out (step S
5
).
In step S
7
, data related to a pulse generation history (the number of ejecting pulses transmitted from the start of the initial use, that is, the number of the ejections) stored in the pulse generation history memory section
161
or the EEPROM
63
is read out. In step S
9
, it is judged whether or not the read number of pulses exceeds a predetermined value and when a negative judgement is made, the control procedure is terminated. In step S
9
, when an affirmative judgement is made, an energy (pulse width in this example) of the electric signal to be applied to the ejecting heater is reset at an adequate value to obtain a stable ejecting amount (step S
11
).
In step S
13
, it is judged whether or not the bi-directional printing is executed and when an affirmative judgement is made, an ejection timing of bi-directional printing operation is adequately corrected dependently on the pulse generation history, thereby preventing a deviation from being caused in the bi-directional printing operation (step S
15
).
Though the delay time of the first nozzle column relative to the second nozzle column is corrected according to the temperature history at the step S
5
for the head unit
1
which has an ejection portion with the nozzles in the two columns for each color in the example described above, an adequate item may be selectable according to a construction of the head unit. When ahead unit has nozzles in three or more columns, for example, a relation among these columns of nozzles may be corrected according to a temperature history. Dependently on a construction of the printing head, material of the ejecting portion and the like, it is possible to correct a relation among nozzles which are arranged in one, two or more columns in each ejecting portion for a plurality of tones (colors or concentrations) according to the temperature history. When the head unit is constructed to be capable of detecting temperature of each nozzle or each group of a predetermined number of nozzles, it is possible to store and correct a temperature history using the nozzle or the nozzle group as a unit.
In the embodiments described above, the correction of the energy (pulse width) of the electric signal to be applied to the ejecting heater (step S
11
) and the correction of the ejection timing in the bi-directional printing operation (step S
15
) are performed according to the pulse generation history. The printing apparatus may be configured to perform the corrections corresponding to the pulse generation history not only of a relation in a same ejecting portion but also a relation among a plurality of ejecting portions taking into consideration color recording which is carried out by overlapping a plural kinds of ink at the same location. In this case also, a pulse generation history may be stored and corrected using each nozzle or each group of a predetermined number of nozzles as a unit.
Though the ejection timing between the nozzle columns, the ejection timing in the bi-directional printing operation and the energy (pulse width) of the drive signal are controlled according to the pulse generation history and the temperature history in the embodiments described above, any of these items may be selectable according to a construction of the printing head or as occasion demands.
FIG. 9
illustrates a driving circuit of a print head for implementing control of FIG.
8
. The driving circuit is roughly divided into a transistor array portion for turning on/off a current, and a control portion for controlling the on/off timing of the transistor array portion and data. Further, the transistor array portion is composed of transistors
10051
and
10052
for supplying large current to the ejecting heaters
10041
of a first nozzle column and ejecting heaters
10042
of a second nozzle column. The control portion is composed of AND circuits
10031
and
10032
, print buffers
10021
and
10022
, and shift registers
10011
and
10012
so as to correspond to the respective nozzle columns.
Signal lines for transmitting signals IDATA-
1
, IDATA-
2
and a signal line for transmitting a clock signal DCLK are connected to the control portion in order to receive print data. The print data is forwarded as the signal IDATA-
1
and IDATA-
2
to be stored in the shift registers at the rise of DCLK. The print data is sequentially forwarded to a storing device in synchronism with the rise of the IDATA-
1
or IDATA-
2
signals which are sequentially transferred.
Print data is arranged in the shift registers
10011
and
10012
by supplying the DCLK signals corresponding to the number of nozzles (256 nozzles in this embodiment) in each nozzle column, as well as the print data in synchronism with the rise of the DCLK signals. The print data in the shift registers
10011
and
10012
is forwarded to the print buffers
10021
and
10022
so that the shift registers
10011
and
10012
may be in a condition which permits to receive next print data. Data transfer from the shift registers
10011
and
10012
to the print buffers
10021
and
10022
is carried out by activation from the BG signal. The print data of the shift registers
10011
and
10012
are forwarded to the print buffers
10021
and
10022
at the timing of the rise of the BG signal.
With respect to the print data transferred to the print buffer, a logical multiplication is obtained by the AND circuit
10031
or
10032
with the HEAT-
1
or HEAT-
2
signal for effecting time control for passing electric current through the ejecting heater
10041
or
10042
. The output signals of the AND circuits
10031
and
10032
are coupled to the transistors
10051
and
10052
, respectively. The ejecting heaters
10041
and
10042
generate heat in accordance with ON/OFF of the transistors
10051
and
10052
, respectively.
FIG.
10
A and
FIG. 10B
each illustrate a timing chart of the signals of the driving circuit of FIG.
9
. In
FIG. 10A
, a delay time t
1
of the ejection timing of the second nozzle column relative to the ejection timing of the first nozzle column is determined by computation effected by the CPU
102
of the main body shown in FIG.
2
. Based on this, the HEAT-
1
and HEAT-
2
signals are transmitted to the print head.
FIG. 10B
shows a state in which the delay time has been changed from the state of t
1
in
FIG. 10A
to the state of t
2
in accordance with the above-mentioned temperature history.
[Others]
The present invention, in ink jet printing methods, achieves distinct effect when applied to a recording head or a recording apparatus which has means for generating thermal energy such as electrothermal transducers or laser light, and which causes changes in ink by the thermal energy so as to eject ink. This is because such a system can achieve a high density and high resolution recording.
A typical structural and operational principle thereof is disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,723,129 and 4,740,796, and it is preferable to use this basic principle to implement such a system. Although this system can be applied either to on-demand type or continuous type ink jet recording systems, it is particularly suitable for the on-demand type apparatus. This is because the on-demand type apparatus has electrothermal transducers, each disposed on a sheet or liquid passage that retains liquid (ink), and operates as follows: first, one or more drive signals are applied to the electrothermal transducers to generate thermal energy corresponding to recording information; second, the thermal energy induces a sudden temperature rise that exceeds the nucleate boiling so as to cause the film boiling on heating portions of the recording head; and third, bubbles are grown in the liquid (ink) corresponding to the drive signals. By using the growth and collapse of the bubbles, the ink is expelled from at least one of the ink ejection orifices of the head to form one or more ink drops. The drive signal in the form of a pulse is preferable because the growth and collapse of the bubbles can be achieved instantaneously and suitably by this form of drive signal. As a drive signal in the form of a pulse, those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,463,359 and 4,345,262 are preferable. In addition, it is preferable that the rate of temperature rise of the heating portions described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,313,124 be adopted to achieve better recording.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,558,333 and 4,459,600 disclose the following structure of a recording head, which is incorporated into the present invention: this structure includes heating portions disposed on bent portions in addition to a combination of the ejection orifices, liquid passages and the electrothermal transducers disclosed in the above patents. The former discloses a structure in which a slit common to all the electrothermal transducers is used as ejection orifices of the electrothermal transducers, and the latter discloses a structure in which openings for absorbing pressure waves caused by thermal energy are formed corresponding to the ejection orifices. Thus, irrespective of the type of the recording head, the present invention can achieve recording positively and effectively.
The present invention can be also applied to a so-called full-line type recording head whose length equals the maximum length across a recording medium. Such a recording head may consist of a plurality of recording heads combined together, or one integrally arranged recording head.
In addition, the present invention can be applied to various serial type recording heads: a recording head fixed to the main assembly of a recording apparatus; a conveniently replaceable chip type recording head which, when loaded on the main assembly of a recording apparatus, is electrically connected to the main assembly, and is supplied with ink therefrom; and a cartridge type recording head integrally including an ink reservoir.
It is further preferable to add a recovery system, or a preliminary auxiliary system for a recording head as a constituent of the recording apparatus because they serve to make the effect of the present invention more reliable. Examples of the recovery system are a capping means and a cleaning means for the recording head, and a pressure or suction means for the recording head. Examples of the preliminary auxiliary system are a preliminary heating means utilizing electrothermal transducers or a combination of other heater elements and the electrothermal transducers, and a means for carrying out preliminary ejection of ink independently of the ejection for recording.. These systems are effective for reliable recording.
The number and type of recording heads to be mounted on a recording apparatus can be also changed. For example, only one recording head corresponding to a single color ink, or a plurality of recording heads corresponding to a plurality of inks different in color or concentration can be used. In other words, the present invention can be effectively applied to an apparatus having at least one of the monochromatic, multi-color and full-color modes. Here, the monochromatic mode performs recording by using only one major color such as black. The multi-color mode carries out recording by using different color inks, and the full-color mode performs recording by color mixing.
Furthermore, although the above-described embodiments use liquid ink, inks that are liquid when the recording signal is applied can be used: for example, inks can be employed that solidify at a temperature lower than the room temperature and are softened or liquefied in the room temperature. This is because in the ink jet system, the ink is generally temperature adjusted in a range of 30° C.-70° C. so that the viscosity of the ink is maintained at such a value that the ink can be ejected reliably.
In addition, the present invention can be applied to such apparatus where the ink is liquefied just before the ejection by the thermal energy as follows so that the ink is expelled from the orifices in the liquid state, and then begins to solidify on hitting the recording medium, thereby preventing the ink evaporation: the ink is transformed from solid to liquid state by positively utilizing the thermal energy which would otherwise cause the temperature rise; or the ink, which is dry when left in air, is liquefied in response to the thermal energy of the recording signal. In such cases, the ink may be retained in recesses or through holes formed in a porous sheet as liquid or solid substances so that the ink faces the electrothermal transducers as described in Japanese Patent Application Laying-open Nos. 54-56847 (1979) or 60-71260 (1985). The present invention is most effective when it uses the film boiling phenomenon to expel the ink.
Furthermore, the ink jet recording apparatus. of the present invention can be employed not only as an image output terminal of an information processing device such as a computer, but also as an output device of a copying machine including a reader, and as an output device of a facsimile apparatus having a transmission and receiving function.
As understood from the foregoing description, the present invention makes it possible to prevent ejecting characteristics and dot forming locations on a printing medium from being varied due to a use history of a printing head. Accordingly, the present invention makes it possible to prolong a service life of a printing head without allowing the printing head to produce stripes or color ununiformity perceived by the human eye in forming fine images such as images having photographic tones, thereby allowing a service life in forming images to be prolonged and the printing head to stably form images of high qualities until the service life of the printing head itself expires.
The present invention has been described in detail with respect to preferred embodiments, and it will now be apparent from the foregoing to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the invention in its broader aspects, and it is the intention, therefore, that the appended claims cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit of the invention.
Claims
- 1. An inkjet printing apparatus which carries out printing using a printing head for ejecting ink, comprising:means for measuring data related to a use history of the printing head, wherein said measuring means comprises means for measuring a temperature of the printing head and a time elapsed at the temperature in conjunction with each other; means for changing a timing of ink ejection from the printing head on the basis of the data related to the use history; and memory means which stores a temperature history from an operation start of the printing head as the data related to the use history on the basis of measurements by said measuring means.
- 2. An ink jet printing apparatus which carries out printing using a printing head for ejecting ink, comprising:means for measuring data related to a use history of the printing head, wherein said measuring means comprises means for counting a number of drive signals applied to the printing head for ejecting the ink; means for changing a timing of ink ejection from the printing head on the basis of the data related to the use history; and memory means for accumulatively storing the number of the drive signals from the start of initial use of the printing head and a temperature history, as the data related to the use history on the basis of the measurements by said measuring means.
Priority Claims (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
11-207996 |
Jul 1999 |
JP |
|
US Referenced Citations (12)
Foreign Referenced Citations (6)
Number |
Date |
Country |
0 709 197 |
May 1996 |
EP |
0 838 332 |
Apr 1998 |
EP |
54-56847 |
May 1979 |
JP |
60-71260 |
Apr 1985 |
JP |
4-133743 |
May 1992 |
JP |
7-256895 |
Oct 1995 |
JP |