INKJET INK, HIDING LAYER COATING AGENT, RECORDING SHEET AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, RECORDED PRODUCT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND IMAGE RECORDING INK

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an inkjet ink, a hiding layer coating agent, a recording sheet including a hiding layer constituted of the hiding layer coating agent and a method for manufacturing the same, a recorded product with an image recorded on the recording sheet and a method for manufacturing the same, and an image recording ink used to record the image.

2. Description of the Related Art

An inkjet ink having a hiding property is used in some cases to print vivid characters (including codes such as a barcode, etc.; the same applies hereinafter) having a white color or an arbitrary color tone and moreover with visibility on a surface of a printing object of low brightness such as that of black color, etc., or a surface of a printing object constituted of a transparent material, etc., by an inkjet printing method.

To impart an inkjet ink with a hiding property, titanium oxide, etc., that is a white pigment having a high hiding power and coloring power is generally blended as a colorant.

For example, with an inkjet ink of white color, the titanium oxide or other white pigment is used as the colorant, and with an inkjet ink of an arbitrary color tone besides white color (except for white color), the white pigment and a dye or pigment of the arbitrary color tone are used in combination.

However, titanium oxide and other white pigments of high hiding power are all large in specific gravity and settle easily in a short period of time and dispersion stability of an inkjet ink thus becomes insufficient in some cases.

Also, in some cases, a recording sheet having a hiding layer formed on a base sheet is used to record an image by an inkjet printing method.

A conventional hiding layer generally contains an inorganic filler or other white pigment and is put in a state of high hiding property to enhance color development and clarity of the image recorded by an inkjet ink.

However, with an image recorded on the conventional recording sheet that includes the hiding layer, only a flat, planar expression is possible.

A recording sheet that enables another novel expression by the inkjet printing method is thus being demanded recently.

An object of the present invention is to provide an inkjet ink that is excellent in dispersion stability due to not containing (excluding) an easily settling white pigment such as titanium oxide, etc., and yet enables printing of characters having a high hiding property equivalent to that in a case where the white pigment is contained.

Also, an object of the present invention is to provide a hiding layer coating agent for manufacturing a recording sheet that enables a novel expression that was impossible to realize with a conventional recording sheet, a recording sheet that includes a hiding layer constituted of the hiding layer coating agent, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Further, an object of the present invention is to provide a recorded product with which an image is recorded on the recording sheet and a method for manufacturing the same and an image recording ink used to record the image.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides an inkjet ink that contains radical polymerizable components including a difunctional or higher polyfunctional monomer and a monofunctional monomer, a volatile solvent, and a photo-radical polymerization initiator and with which the polyfunctional monomer includes a high Tg polyfunctional monomer with a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C. at a ratio of not less than 30 mass % in a total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, a ratio of the monofunctional monomer is not less than 5 mass % and not more than 70 mass % in a total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and a ratio of the volatile solvent is not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

According to this arrangement, when, after printing a character using the inkjet ink, exposure with ultraviolet rays, etc., is performed, the radical polymerizable components undergo a radical polymerization reaction due to a function of the photo-radical polymerization initiator and a three-dimensional network structure is formed mainly by a function of the polyfunctional monomer.

That is, the radical polymerizable components undergo a curing reaction to produce a cured product that forms the character.

Also, before and after the curing reaction, the volatile solvent volatilizes to porosify the cured product and therefore, diffuse reflection of light occurs inside the cured product to enable the character to be imparted with a hiding property.

Moreover, by selectively using the high Tg polyfunctional monomer with the glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C. as the polyfunctional monomer, a degree of the hiding property, that is, a contrast ratio of the character due to porosifying the cured product can be enhanced.

The hiding property of the character can thus be enhanced, without using titanium oxide or other white pigment, to be approximately equivalent to that in a case of containing the white pigment.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the high Tg polyfunctional monomer is a trifunctional or higher high Tg polyfunctional monomer.

Also, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the high Tg polyfunctional monomer is a trifunctional or higher high Tg polyfunctional monomer with a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 90° C.

According to these arrangements, the aforementioned effects can be improved further to further enhance the hiding property of a character.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the monofunctional monomer includes at least an N-vinyl lactam monomer.

According to this arrangement, the N-vinyl lactam monomer is excellent in an effect of enhancing a fixing property with respect to a surface of a printing object and an abrasion resistance associated there with of the cured product that forms a character.

Therefore, a character that is printed on a surface of a flexible printing object such as paper or film, etc., can be improved further in followability with respect to bending of the printing object and peeling, etc., of the character when the printing object is bent, etc., can be suppressed even more satisfactorily.

Also, the N-vinyl lactam monomer has an effect of enhancing a rate of the curing reaction by improving photosensitivity of the inkjet ink as a sensitizer of the photo-radical polymerization initiator as well.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inkjet ink further contains at least one type of binder resin selected from a group consisting of polyamide resin, acrylic resin, and phenol resin.

According to this arrangement, by containing the binder resin, the fixing property with respect to a surface of a printing object and the abrasion resistance associated therewith of a character can be enhanced.

Therefore, a character printed on a surface of a flexible printing object such as paper or film, etc., can be improved further in the followability with respect to bending of the printing object and peeling, etc., of the character when the printing object is bent, etc., can be suppressed even more satisfactorily.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, an inkjet ink for white color printing is provided with which the high Tg polyfunctional monomer is a high Tg polyfunctional monomer with a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 60° C., the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer is not less than 50 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, and the ratio of the monofunctional monomer is not less than 15 mass % and not more than 70 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

According to this arrangement, a degree of whitening, that is, a whiteness of a character due to porosification of the cured product by the mechanism described above can be enhanced even more.

The whiteness and the hiding property of a character of white color can thus be enhanced, without using titanium oxide or other white pigment, to be approximately equivalent to that in the case of containing the white pigment.

As a result, for example, in solid printing, color unevenness can be made inconspicuous, and in bar code printing, it is possible to prevent the bar code from appearing to be blurred or chipped.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a colorant is excluded.

Although an inkjet ink for white color printing may be blended with a colorant to finely adjust the color tone of the white color, according to this arrangement, the colorant can be excluded to enable simplification of composition of the inkjet ink for white color printing.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, an L value that represents whiteness is not less than 40.

According to this arrangement, the whiteness and the hiding property of a white character can be further enhanced, and for example, in solid printing, color unevenness can be made even less noticeable, and in barcode printing, it is possible to more effectively suppress the appearance of blurred or missing barcodes.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, an inkjet ink for color printing that contains a colorant is provided.

According to this arrangement, the hiding property of a character colored to an arbitrary color tone besides white color can be enhanced, without using titanium oxide or other white pigment, to be approximately equivalent to that in the case of containing the white pigment.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a contrast ratio is not less than 45%.

According to this arrangement, the hiding property of a character that is colored can be further enhanced, and for example, in solid printing, color unevenness can be made even less noticeable, and in barcode printing, it is possible to more effectively suppress the appearance of blurred or missing barcodes.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a hiding layer coating agent that contains radical polymerizable components including a difunctional or higher polyfunctional monomer and a monofunctional monomer, a volatile solvent, and a photo-radical polymerization initiator and with which the polyfunctional monomer includes a high Tg polyfunctional monomer with a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C. at a ratio of not less than 30 mass % in a total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, a ratio of the monofunctional monomer is not less than 5 mass % and not more than 70 mass % in a total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and a ratio of the volatile solvent is not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

Also, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a recording sheet including a base sheet and a hiding layer that is constituted of a cured product of the hiding layer coating agent provided on a surface of the base sheet.

According to these arrangements, when, after coating the hiding layer coating agent on the surface of the base sheet, exposure with ultraviolet rays, etc., is performed, the radical polymerizable components undergo a radical polymerization reaction due to a function of the photo-radical polymerization initiator and a three-dimensional network structure is formed mainly by a function of the polyfunctional monomer.

That is, the radical polymerizable components undergo a curing reaction to produce a cured product that forms the hiding layer on the surface of the base sheet.

Also, before and after the curing reaction, the volatile solvent volatilizes to make the cured product be a porous structure and therefore, diffuse reflection of light occurs inside the cured product to enable the hiding layer to be imparted with a hiding property.

Moreover, by selectively using the high Tg polyfunctional monomer with the glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C. as the polyfunctional monomer, the hiding property of the hiding layer due to making the cured product be a porous structure can be enhanced further.

The hiding property of the hiding layer of the recording sheet can thus be improved, without using a white pigment, to be approximately equivalent to that in a case of containing the white pigment.

When an image is recorded using an image recording ink that is colorless or colored and is transparent or semitransparent on the hiding layer of the recording sheet that includes the hiding layer, a region of the hiding layer in which the image is recorded is selectively decreased in hiding property and put in a transparent or semitransparent state.

That is, the image recording ink permeates into the porous structure of the cured product that forms the hiding layer and fills interiors of pores of the porous structure to suppress the diffuse reflection of light mentioned above and consequently, the hiding property of the region in which the image is recorded is selectively decreased.

The region in which the image is recorded is thus put in a transparent or semitransparent state due to the decrease in hiding property and, together with a region besides it being maintained in a semitransparent or nontransparent state of high hiding property, a novel expression that was impossible to realize with a conventional recording sheet is made possible.

Specifically, for example, an image of one type or a combination of two or more types among various expression modes such as the following can be recorded.

(i) Using a transparent or semitransparent sheet as the base sheet, a region in which an image is recorded is put in a transparent or semitransparent state together with the base sheet while maintaining a region in which the image is not recorded in a semitransparent or nontransparent state.

(ii) A sheet colored to an arbitrary color tone or having a pattern printed thereon in advance is used as the base sheet and the color tone or the pattern of the base sheet is made visible selectively in a region in which an image is recorded. In this case, the base sheet may be in any of the transparent, semitransparent, and nontransparent states.

(iii) The hiding layer is colored to an arbitrary color tone to produce a difference with respect to a color tone of a recorded image or a difference with respect to a color tone of the base sheet that is transmitted through in a region in which the image is recorded.

(iv) As the image recording ink in (i) to (iii) above, for example, an ink that is colorless and transparent or semitransparent may be used or an ink with color that is colored to an arbitrary color tone and is transparent or semitransparent may be used. In the latter case, a region in which an image is recorded can be put in a transparent or semitransparent state with the color tone added thereto. Also, especially by using a plurality of types of inks colored, for example, in cyan, magenta, yellow, etc., as image recording inks, an image that is in full color and is transparent or semitransparent can be recorded as well.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the high Tg polyfunctional monomer is a trifunctional or higher high Tg polyfunctional monomer.

According to these arrangements, the aforementioned effects can be improved further to further enhance the hiding property of the hiding layer.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the monofunctional monomer includes at least an N-vinyl lactam monomer.

According to this arrangement, the N-vinyl lactam monomer is excellent in an effect of enhancing a fixing property with respect to the surface of the base sheet of the cured product that forms the hiding layer and an abrasion resistance associated therewith of the hiding layer.

Therefore, the hiding layer that is formed, for example, on the surface of the base sheet that is bendable can be improved further in the followability with respect to bending of the base sheet and peeling, etc., of the hiding layer when the base sheet is bent can be suppressed even more satisfactorily.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hiding layer coating agent further contains at least one type of binder resin selected from a group consisting of polyamide resins, acrylic resins, and phenol resins.

According to this arrangement, by containing the binder resin, the fixing property with respect to the surface of the base sheet and the abrasion resistance associated therewith of a character can be enhanced.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a colorant is further contained.

According to this arrangement, it is made possible, as mentioned above, to color the hiding layer to an arbitrary color tone besides white and produce a difference with respect to a color tone of a recorded image, a difference with respect to a color tone of the base sheet that is transmitted through in a region in which the image is recorded, etc.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the base sheet is a transparent or semitransparent sheet.

According to this arrangement, as mentioned above, a region in which an image is recorded can be put in a transparent or semitransparent state together with the base sheet while maintaining a region in which the image is not recorded in a semitransparent or nontransparent state.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the recording sheet described above and includes a step of forming the hiding layer by coating the hiding layer coating agent on the surface of the base sheet and thereafter a step of causing a curing reaction by exposure to ultraviolet rays.

According to this arrangement, the recording sheet described above can be manufactured efficiently.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of forming the hiding layer includes a step of printing the hiding layer coating agent on the surface of the base sheet by an inkjet printing method.

According to this arrangement, the hiding layer that is uniform in thickness and thin can be formed.

Also, the hiding layer can be formed not just solidly across an entirety of the surface of the base sheet but can also be formed, for example, to an arbitrary planar shape.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a recorded product with which a transparent or semitransparent image is recorded on the hiding layer of the recording sheet.

Also, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the recorded product described above and includes a step of recording the image on the hiding layer by an inkjet printing method using an image recording ink that is colorless or colored and is transparent or semitransparent.

According to these arrangements, novel expressions such as those of (i) to (iv) described above, etc., that were impossible to realize with a conventional recording sheet are made possible.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of recording the image includes a step of using an ink having a photocuring property as the image recording ink and making the ink undergo a curing reaction by exposure to ultraviolet rays after recording.

According to this arrangement, by using the ink having the photocuring property as the image recording ink, toughness and abrasion resistance of the hiding layer after the image recording can be improved.

Also, for example, even if the recorded product becomes wet, etc., with water or a solvent, etc., the record does not become blotted or blurred and therefore, fastness of the record can also be enhanced.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides an image recording ink used in the method for manufacturing the recorded product described above, is colorless or colored, and is transparent or semitransparent.

According to this arrangement, by combining with the recording sheet described above, novel expressions such as those of (i) to (iv) described above, etc., that were impossible to realize with a conventional recording sheet are made possible.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the image recording ink has a photocuring property.

According to this arrangement, the toughness and the abrasion resistance of the hiding layer after the image recording can be improved.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

<<Inkjet Ink>>

An inkjet ink according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is characterized in containing radical polymerizable components including a difunctional or higher polyfunctional monomer and a monofunctional monomer, a volatile solvent, and a photo-radical polymerization initiator and in that the polyfunctional monomer includes a high Tg polyfunctional monomer with a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C. at a ratio of not less than 30 mass % in a total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, a ratio of the monofunctional monomer is not less than 5 mass % and not more than 70 mass % in a total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and a ratio of the volatile solvent is not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

Thereby, a hiding property of a character can be enhanced by the mechanism described above and without using titanium oxide or other white pigment to be approximately equivalent to that in a case of containing the white pigment.

Also, by using the monofunctional monomer in combination with the polyfunctional monomer, a cured product that forms the character can be imparted with a suitable flexibility.

Therefore, for example, a character that is printed on a surface of a flexible printing object such as paper or film, etc., can be enhanced in followability with respect to bending of the printing object and peeling, etc., of the character when the printing object is bent, etc., can also be suppressed.

Also, the monofunctional monomer is generally higher in rate of curing reaction in comparison to the polyfunctional monomer and therefore, by using the monofunctional monomer in combination, the radical polymerizable components as a whole can be enhanced in the rate of the curing reaction and the volatile solvent can also be volatilized after the curing reaction has substantially ended as described above.

Consequently, the cured product can be porosified more reliably and the hiding property of the character can be enhanced further.

In addition, the monofunctional monomer is generally low in viscosity in comparison to the polyfunctional monomer and therefore, by using it in combination with the volatile solvent that likewise contributes to a decrease in viscosity, an overall viscosity can also be suppressed to be within a range suitable for discharge from a nozzle of an inkjet printer.

Here, the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer is restricted to not less than 30 mass % as stated above by the following reason.

That is, if the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer is less than this range, the effect, due to selectively using the high Tg polyfunctional monomer, of enhancing the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to enhance the hiding property of a character and print a character that is excellent in hiding property.

Also, the ratio of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components is restricted to be not less than 5 mass % and not more than 70 mass % by the following reasons.

That is, if the ratio of the monofunctional monomer is less than this range, the effects, due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination, of imparting a suitable flexibility to the cured product, enhancing the rate of the curing reaction, and suppressing the overall viscosity of the inkjet ink from increasing cannot be obtained in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio of the monofunctional monomer exceeds the range mentioned above, the high Tg polyfunctional monomer in particular becomes deficient relatively and the effect, due to selectively using the high Tg polyfunctional monomer, of enhancing the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained in some cases.

Also, the polyfunctional monomer that becomes a base of a three-dimensional network structure becomes deficient, the three-dimensional network structure that is formed becomes coarse, and a toughness of the cured product and an abrasion resistance of the character become insufficient in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the ratio of the monofunctional monomer within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to further enhance the hiding property of a character while maintaining the effects due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination and yet suppressing insufficiencies of the toughness of the cured product and the abrasion resistance of the character.

Further, the ratio of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components is restricted to not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass % by the following reasons.

That is, if the ratio of the volatile solvent that becomes a base of porosifying the cured product is less than this range, the effect of porosifying the cured product to enhance the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained in some cases.

This also amounts to the ratio of the volatile solvent that contributes to the decrease in viscosity as mentioned above becoming insufficient such that the overall viscosity exceeds the range suitable for an inkjet ink and a defect of not enabling satisfactory discharge from a nozzle of an inkjet printer is caused in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio of the volatile solvent exceeds the range mentioned above, a solids concentration in the inkjet ink becomes insufficient and consequently, a character having sufficient thickness and being excellent in abrasion resistance cannot be formed on a surface of a printing object in some cases.

In contrast, if the ratio of the volatile solvent is set within the range mentioned above, a character having sufficient thickness, being excellent in abrasion resistance, and being high in hiding property can be printed while suppressing the overall viscosity of the inkjet ink to be within the range suitable for discharge to suppress the occurrence of a discharge defect.

Here, the glass transition temperatures Tg (° C.) of the polyfunctional monomer including the high Tg polyfunctional monomer and the monofunctional monomer shall be represented by values determined from results of measurements by the following method.

That is, first, a monomer for which the glass transition temperature Tg (° C.) is to be determined is polymerized alone to prepare a sample for measurement constituted of a homopolymer of the monomer.

Specifically, the monomer is polymerized by using a medium pressure mercury arc lamp of 300 W/inch to irradiate ultraviolet rays at conditions of UV processing speed: 25 ft/min and integrated exposure: 1.5 J/cm2 to prepare the sample.

In this process, the integrated exposure is measured using an IL390B radiometer made by International Light Technologies Inc.

Next, using the prepared sample, the glass transition temperature Tg (° C.) is determined from a measurement result obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) or, depending on the type of monomer, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).

The measurement method described above is in conformance to a measurement method described in a catalog of ARKEMA Inc., which is a manufacturer of polyfunctional monomers and monofunctional monomers.

The inkjet ink can largely be classified as a white color printing inkjet ink for printing a character in white color (hereinafter abbreviated at times as “white ink”) or an inkjet ink for printing a character of an arbitrary color tone besides white color (herein after abbreviated at times as“color ink”).

{White Ink}

With the white ink for white color printing, the high Tg polyfunctional monomer is a high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) with a glass transition temperature of not less than 60° C., the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) is not less than 50 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, the ratio of the monofunctional monomer is not less than 15 mass % and not more than 70 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and the ratio of the volatile solvent is not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass % with respect to the radical polymerizable components.

According to this arrangement, a degree of whitening, that is, a whiteness of a character due to porosification of the cured product by the mechanism described above can be enhanced even more.

An L value that represents the whiteness of a character that is printed using the white ink is preferably not less than 40.

If the L value is less than this range, the whiteness of the character is insufficient and a color tone or a pattern, etc., of a surface of a base becomes more likely to show up and, for example, in some cases, unevenness of color is conspicuous when solid printing is performed or a barcode appears to be blurred or chipped when it is printed.

In contrast, by making the L value be within the range mentioned above, the whiteness of the character can be enhanced and it is possible, for example, to suppress unevenness of color from being conspicuous when solid printing is performed or a barcode from appearing blurred or chipped when it is printed.

Here, inconsideration of improving the effect even more, the L value is preferably not less than 50, more preferably not less than 60, and especially preferably not less than 70 even within the range mentioned above.

To measure the L value, first, using the white ink in an inkjet printer, solid printing is performed on a surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film as a printing object under an environment of ordinary temperature (5 to 35° C.).

Next, within 0.15 seconds from printing, the white ink is made to undergo the curing reaction by exposure using an LED curing lamp to form a sample of 0.5×0.5 inches. A resolution of printing is set to 600×600 dpi.

The L value of the formed sample is then measured using a handheld colorimeter custom-character X-rite (registered trademark) eXact manufactured by Videojet X-Rite K. K..

To porosify the cured product more reliably and further enhance the whiteness and the hiding property of a character, the volatile solvent is preferably volatilized with a delay with respect to progress of the curing reaction and especially preferably, the volatile solvent is volatilized after the curing reaction is substantially ended.

For this purpose, for example, types and combination of the radical polymerizable components and type and combination of the volatile solvent should be selected as appropriate.

Further, even if the L value is low with one time of printing, it is possible to improve the L value by printing repeatedly two times or three times.

Here, the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer in the white ink (hereinafter provided at times with the symbol “Rmh₁”) is restricted to not less than 50 mass % as stated above by the following reason.

That is, if the ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) is less than this range, the effect, due to selectively using the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I), of enhancing the whiteness and the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to enhance the whiteness of a character and print the character of white color that is excellent in hiding property.

Also, the ratio of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components in the white ink (hereinafter provided at times with the symbol “RS₁”) is restricted to not less than 15 mass % and not more than 70 mass % by the following reasons.

That is, if the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer is less than this range, the effects, due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination, of imparting a suitable flexibility to the cured product, enhancing the rate of the curing reaction, and suppressing an overall viscosity of the white ink from increasing cannot be obtained in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer exceeds the range mentioned above, the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) in particular becomes deficient relatively and the effect, due to selectively using the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I), of enhancing the whiteness and the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained in some cases.

Also, the polyfunctional monomer that becomes the base of the three-dimensional network structure becomes deficient, the three-dimensional network structure that is formed becomes coarse, and the toughness of the cured product and the abrasion resistance of the character become insufficient in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to further enhance the whiteness and the hiding property of a character while maintaining the effects due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination and yet suppressing insufficiencies of the toughness of the cured product and the abrasion resistance of the character.

Further, the reasons for restricting the ratio of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components in the white ink (hereinafter provided at times with the symbol “RV₁”) to not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass % are as have been described above.

That is, if the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvent that becomes the base of porosifying the cured product is less than this range, the effect of porosifying the cured product to enhance the whiteness and the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained in some cases.

This also amounts to the ratio of the volatile solvent that contributes to the decrease in viscosity as mentioned above becoming insufficient such that the overall viscosity of the white ink exceeds the range suitable for an inkjet ink and a defect of not enabling satisfactory discharge from a nozzle of an inkjet printer is caused in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvent exceeds the range mentioned above, a solids concentration in the white ink becomes insufficient and consequently, a character having sufficient thickness and being excellent in abrasion resistance cannot be formed on a surface of a printing object in some cases.

In contrast, if the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvent is set within the range mentioned above, a character of white color having sufficient thickness, being excellent in abrasion resistance, and being high in whiteness and hiding property can be printed while suppressing the overall viscosity of the white ink to be within the range suitable for discharge to suppress the occurrence of a discharge defect.

These are also clear from results of examples and comparative examples described below.

custom-character Radical Polymerizable Components

As the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I), various monomers having two or more radical polymerizable groups within a single molecule, in other words, being difunctional or higher and having a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 60° C. can be used.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various compounds, etc., can be cited as specific examples of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I). One type or two or more types of these high Tg polyfunctional monomers (I) can be used.

(Difunctional Acrylates)

SR212 custom-character 1,3-butylene glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 101° C., SR230diethylene glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 100° C., SR247neopentyl glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 107° C., SR306H tripropylene glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 62° C. custom-character , SR306NS tripropylene glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 62° C., SR349 ethoxylated (3) bisphenol A diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 67° C., SR349NS ethoxylated (3) bisphenol A diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 67° C., SR508 dipropylene glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 104° C. custom-character , SR508NS dipropylene glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 104° C., CD595dodecane diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 91° C., SR601ethoxylated (4) bisphenol A diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 60° C., SR601NS ethoxylated (4) bisphenol A diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 60° C. custom-character , SR833tricyclodecane dimethanoldiacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 186° C., and SR833NS tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 186° C. of the SARTOMER (registered trademark) series manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.

NPGDA custom-character neopentyl glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 107° C. of the KAYARAD (registered trademark) series manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.

NP-A custom-character neopentyl glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 107° C. of the LIGHT ACRYLATE (registered trademark) series manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.

(Difunctional Methacrylates) SR101 custom-character ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 122° C., SR231 diethylene glycol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 66° C., SR231NS (diethylene glycol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 66° C.), SR297 1,3-butylene diol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 85° C. custom-character , CD540 ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 108° C., and SR540 ethoxylated (4) bisphenol A dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 108° C. of the SARTOMER series manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.

(Trifunctional Acrylates)

SR368 custom-character tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanate triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 272° C., SR368NS tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanate triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 272° C., SR444 pentaerythritol triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 103° C., SR444NS pentaerythritol triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 103° C. custom-character , SR351 trimethylol propane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 62° C., SR351S trimethylol propane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 62° C., and SR351NS (trimethylol propane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 62° C.) of the SARTOMER series manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.

TMPTA custom-character trimethylolpropane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 62° C. of the KAYARAD series manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.

TMP-A custom-character trimethylol propane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 62° C. and PE-3A pentaerythritol triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 103° C. of the LIGHT ACRYLATE series manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.

A-TMPT custom-character trimethylol propane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 62° C. manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.

(Tetrafunctional Acrylates)

SR295 custom-character pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 103° C., SR295NS pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 103° C., SR355 ditrimethylol propane tetraacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 98° C., and SR355NS ditrimethylol propane tetraacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 98° C. custom-character of the SARTOMER series manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.

PE-4A custom-character pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 103° C. of the LIGHT ACRYLATE series manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.

A-TMMT custom-character pentaerythritol tetraacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 103° C. and AD-TMP ditrimethylol propane tetraacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 98° C. manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.

(Pentafunctional Acrylates)

SR399 custom-character dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 90°, SR399NS dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 90° C., SR9041 pentaacrylate ester; glass transition temperature Tg: 102° C. of the SARTOMER series manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.

Here, in consideration of further improving the effects described above, preferably a trifunctional or higher compound and more preferably a trifunctional or higher compound with a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 90° C. is selectively used as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I).

In particular, it is even more preferable to selectively use a trifunctional or higher compound with a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 200° C. and not more than 300° C. or a tetrafunctional or higher compound with a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 100° C. but less than 200° C., etc.

As the monofunctional monomer, various monomers that are copolymerizable with the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) described above and has just one radical polymerizable group in a single molecule can be used.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various compounds, etc., can be cited as specific examples of the monofunctional monomer. One type or two or more types of these monofunctional monomers can be used.

(N-Vinyl Lactam Monomers)

N-vinyl lactam monomers represented by:

embedded image

custom-character In the formula, n represents 1 to 7.

As specific examples of N-vinyl lactam monomers, for example, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone represented by formula (1-1) with which n in formula (1) is 3:

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and N-vinyl-ϵ-caprolactam represented by formula (1-2) with which n in formula (1) is 5 (hereinafter abbreviated at times as “VCAP”):

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and so forth can be cited.

One type or two or more types of these N-vinyl lactam monomers can be used.

The N-vinyl lactam monomer is excellent in an effect of enhancing a fixing property with respect to a surface of a printing object and the abrasion resistance associated therewith of the cured product that forms a character.

Therefore, a character that is printed on a surface of a flexible printing object such as paper or film, etc., can be further improved in the followability with respect to bending of the printing object and peeling, etc., of the character when the printing object is bent, etc., can also be suppressed even more satisfactorily.

Also, the N-vinyl lactam monomer has an effect of enhancing the rate of the curing reaction by improving photosensitivity of the white ink as a sensitizer of the photo-radical polymerization initiator as well.

In particular, the VCAP of formula (1-2) is excellent in these effects and can be used favorably as the monofunctional monomer.

(Other Monofunctional Monomers)

As the monofunctional monomer, another monofunctional monomer can be used together with the N-vinyl lactam monomer or in place of the N-vinyl lactam monomer.

As examples of the other monofunctional monomer, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, and other unsaturated carboxylic acids and salts or esters thereof, anhydrides having an ethylenically unsaturated group, acrylonitrile, styrene and derivatives thereof, unsaturated polyesters, unsaturated polyethers, unsaturated polyamides, unsaturated polyurethanes, allyl glycidyl ether and other allyl compounds, monofunctional (meth)acrylate compounds, monofunctional vinyl ether compounds, monofunctional (meth)acrylamide compounds, etc., can be cited.

One type or two or more types of these monofunctional monomers may be used.

Also, although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various compounds, etc., can be cited as specific examples of the monofunctional acrylate among the above. One type or two or more types of these monofunctional acrylates can be used.

SR217NS custom-character 4-tert-butyl cyclohexanolacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none, SR256 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −54° C., SR257stearyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 35° C., SR285tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −15° C. custom-character , SR335 lauryl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −30° C., SR339A(2-phenoxyethyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 5° C., SR339NS 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 5° C., SR395isodecyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −60° C. custom-character , SR395NS isodecyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −60° C., SR420NS 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 29° C., SR440isooctyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −54°, SR484octyl/decyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −57° C. custom-character , SR489 tridecyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −55° C., SR489D tridecyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −55° C., SR495caprolactone acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −53° C., SR495NS caprolactone acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −53° C. custom-character , SR504ethoxylated nonylphenyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none, SR504NS ethoxylated 4 nonylphenyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −27° C., SR506isobornyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 88° C., SR506NS isobornyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 88° C. custom-character , SR531cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 32° C., SR551methoxypolyethylene glycol 350 monoacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −57° C., SR611 alkoxylated tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −51° C., CD614 custom-character alkoxylated nonylphenyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none, CD9075 alkoxylated laurylacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −45° C., SR9087alkoxylated phenol acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −24° C., and CD9087alkoxylated 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −23.5° C. custom-character of the SARTOMER series manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various compounds, etc., can be cited as specific examples of the monofunctional methacrylate. One type or two or more types of these monofunctional methacrylates can be used.

SR203 custom-character tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 23° C., SR242 isodecyl methacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none, SR313 laurylmethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −65° C., SR313NSlaurylmethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −28° C. custom-character , SR324 stearyl methacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 38° C., SR324NS stearyl methacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 38° C., SR340 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 54° C., CD421 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl methacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 145° C. custom-character , SR423 isobornyl methacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 110° C., SR423NS isobornyl methacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 110° C., SR493 tridecyl methacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −32° C., SR493D tridecyl methacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −40° C. custom-character , CD535 dicyclopentadienyl methacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 91° C., CD545 diethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 57° C., SR550methoxypolyethylene glycol (350) monomethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −62° C., CD550 methoxypolyethylene glycol (350) monomethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −62° C. custom-character , CD552 methoxypolyethylene glycol (550) monomethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −65° C., SR604 polypropylene glycol monomethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none, and CD730 triethylene glycol ethyl ether methacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −7° C. custom-character of the SARTOMER series manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.

Further, although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various compounds, etc., can be cited as other specific examples of the monofunctional (meth)acrylate. One type or two or more types of these monofunctional (meth)acrylates can be used.

Acrylate compounds such as 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, butoxyethylacrylate, carbitolacrylate, cyclohexylacrylate, benzyl acrylate, epoxy acrylate, dicyclopentenyl acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl acrylate, dicyclopentanyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl acrylate, 2-acryloyloxy ethyl phthalate, methoxypolyethylene glycol acrylate, 2-acryloyloxyethyl 2-hydroxyethyl phthalate, cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, 3-methoxybutyl acrylate, ethoxylated phenyl acrylate, 2-acryloyloxy ethyl succinate, nonylphenol EQ adduct acrylate, phenoxypolyethylene glycol acrylate, 2-acryloyloxy ethyl hexahydrophthalate, lactone modified acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, isomyristyl acrylate, isostearyl acrylate, etc.; and methacrylate compounds such as methylmethacrylate, n-butylmethacrylate, allyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, dimethylaminomethyl methacrylate, etc.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various compounds, etc., can be cited as specific examples of the monofunctional vinyl ether. One type or two or more types of these monofunctional vinyl ethers can be used.

Methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether, tert-butyl vinyl ether, n-octadecyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, n-nonyl vinyl ether, dodecyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl methyl vinyl ether, 4-methylcyclohexylmethyl vinyl ether, benzyl vinyl ether, dicyclopentenyl vinyl ether, 2-dicyclopentenoxyethylvinylether, methoxyethylvinylether, ethoxyethyl vinyl ether, butoxyethyl vinyl ether, methoxyethoxyethylvinylether, ethoxyethoxyethylvinylether, methoxypolyethylene glycol vinyl ether, tetrahydrofurfuryl vinyl ether, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, 2-hydroxypropyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, 4-hydroxymethylcyclohexylmethyl vinyl ether, diethylene glycol monovinyl ether, polyethylene glycol vinyl ether, chloroethyl vinyl ether, chlorobutyl vinyl ether, chloroethoxyethyl vinyl ether, phenylethyl vinyl ether, phenoxypolyethylene glycol vinyl ether, cyclohexanedimethanol monovinyl ether, and isopropenyl ether-O-propylene carbonate.

Further, although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various compounds, etc., can be cited as specific examples of the monofunctional (meth)acrylamide. One type or two or more types of these monofunctional (meth)acrylamides can be used.

(Meth)acrylamide, N-methyl(meth)acrylamide, N-ethyl(meth)acrylamide, N-propyl (meth)acrylamide, N-isopropyl(meth)acrylamide, N-butyl(meth)acrylamide, N-sec-butyl(meth)acrylamide, N-tert-butyl(meth)acrylamide, N-cyclohexyl(meth)acrylamide, N-phenyl(meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, 1-(meth)acryloylpyrrolidine, N-methylol(meth)acrylamide, N-(methoxyethyl)(meth)acrylamide, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)(meth)acrylamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl](meth)acrylamide, N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)(meth)acrylamide, 4-(meth)acryloylmorpholine, and diacetone acrylamide.

As other radical polymerizable components that may be used in combination with the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and the monofunctional monomer, for example, polyfunctional monomers being difunctional or higher and having two or more radical polymerizable groups within a single molecule and having a glass transition temperature Tg of less than 60° C. and oligomers, etc., can be cited.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various compounds, etc., can be cited as specific examples of the other polyfunctional monomer among the above that are difunctional or higher and have the glass transition temperature Tg of less than 60° C. One type or two or more types of these other polyfunctional monomers can be used.

(Difunctional Acrylates) SR213 custom-character 1,4-butanediol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 45° C., SR238F 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 43° C., SR238NS 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 43° C., SR259 polyethylene glycol (200) diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 13° C. custom-character , SR268 tetraethylene glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 23° C., SR272 triethylene glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 48° C., SR344 polyethylene glycol (400) diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 3° C., SR344NS polyethylene glycol (400) diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −25° C. custom-character , CD406 cyclohexanedimethanol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 21° C., CD560 alkoxylated hexanediol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 1.5° C., CD561 alkoxylated hexanediol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −38° C., SR562 (alkoxylated hexanediol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 37° C.), CD563 custom-character alkoxylated hexanediol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 14° C., CD564 alkoxylated hexanediol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 14° C., SR602 ethoxylated (10) bisphenol A diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 2° C., SR602NS ethoxylated (10) bisphenol A diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 2° C. custom-character , SR610 polyethylene glycol (600) diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −42° C., SR610NS polyethylene glycol (600) diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −42° C., SR833S tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none, SR9003 propoxylated (2) neopentyl glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 32° C. custom-character , SR9003NS propoxylated (2) neopentyl glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 32° C., SR9038 ethoxylated (30) bisphenol A diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −42° C., CD9043alkoxylated neopentylglycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −35° C., SR9045 custom-character alkoxylated neopentyl glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none, and SR9209 alkoxylated aliphatic diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 48° C. of the SARTOMER series manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.

PEG400DA custom-character polyethylene glycol (400) diacrylate, FM-400 neopentyl glycol hydroxypivalate diacrylate, R-167, HX-220, HX-620, R-551, R-712, R-604, and R-684 of the KAYARAD series manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.

3EG-A custom-character triethylene glycol diacrylate, 4EG-A PEG#200 diacrylate, 9EG-A PEG#400 diacrylate, 14-EG-A PEG#600 diacrylate, PTMGA-250 polytetramethylene glycol diacrylate, MPD-A 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol diacrylate, 1.6HX-A 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1.9ND-A 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, DCP-A dimethylol tricyclodecane diacrylate custom-character , BP-4EAL EOadduct diacrylate of bisphenol A, BP-4PA PO adduct diacrylate of bisphenol A, and HPP-A hydroxypyvalpivate diacrylate of the LIGHT ACRYLATE series manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.

(Difunctional Methacrylates)

SR150 custom-character ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none, SR205 triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none, SR205NS triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −8° C., SR206ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none custom-character , SR206NS ethylene glycoldimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 58° C., SR209 tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −8° C., SR210 polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none, SR210NSpolyethylene glycol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none custom-character , SR214 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none, SR214NS 4,4-butanediol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 55° C. SR239NS 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 30° C., SR248 neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none custom-character , SR252 polyethylene glycol (600) dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none, SR252NS polyethylene glycol (600) dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −39° C., SR262 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −37° C., SR348 ethoxylated (2) bisphenol A dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none custom-character , SR348NS ethoxylated (2) bisphenol A dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 6° C., SR480 ethoxylated (10) bisphenol A dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −1° C., SR480NS ethoxylated (10) bisphenol A dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −1° C. custom-character , CD541 ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 54° C., SR541ethoxylated (6) bisphenolAdimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 54° C., CD542ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none, SR603 polyethylene glycol (400) dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −21° C. custom-character , SR644polypropylene glycol 400 dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −5° C., SR740 polyethylene glycol (1000) dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −118° C., and SR9036 ethoxylated (30) bisphenol A dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −43° C. custom-character of the SARTOMER series manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.

(Acrylate/Methacrylate (Difunctional))

Light ester G-201 custom-character -hydroxy-3-acryloyloxypropyl methacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −118° C. and SR9036 ethoxylated (30) bisphenol A dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: none manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.

(Trifunctional Acrylates)

SR415 custom-character ethoxylated (20) trimethylolpropane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 38° C., SR454 ethoxylated (3) trimethylolpropane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −40° C., SR454NS ethoxylated (3) trimethylolpropane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −40° C. custom-character , SR492 propoxylated (3) trimethylolpropane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −15° C., SR492TFN propoxylated (3) trimethylolpropane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −15° C., SR499 ethoxylated (6) trimethylolpropane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −8° C. custom-character , SR499NS ethoxylated (6) trimethylolpropane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −8° C., CD501 propoxylated (6) trimethylolpropane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −2° C., SR502 ethoxylated (9) trimethylolpropane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −19° C. custom-character , SR502NS ethoxylated (9) trimethylolpropane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −19° C., SR9020 propoxylated (3) glyceryl triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 18° C.), SR9020NS propoxylated (3) glyceryl triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 18° C., CD9021 custom-character highly propoxylated (5.5) glyceryl triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −11° C., and SR9035 ethoxylated (15) trimethylolpropane triacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: −32° C. of the SARTOMER series manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.

GPO-303 and PET-30 of the KAYARAD series manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.

(Trifunctional Methacrylates)

SR350 custom-character trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 27° C. and SR350NS trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 27° C. of the SARTOMER series manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.

(Tetrafunctional and Higher Acrylates)

SR494 custom-character ethoxylated (4) pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, tetrafunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 2° C., SR494NS alkoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, tetrafunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 2° C., and DPHA NS dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, hexafunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: none custom-character of the SARTOMER series manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.

T-1420(T) custom-character dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate, tetrafunctional, RP-1040 ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, tetrafunctional, DPHA mixture of tetrafunctional and hexafunctional, DPEA-12 hexafunctional, D-310 pentafunctional, DPCA-20 hexafunctional, DPCA-30 hexafunctional, DPCA-60 hexafunctional custom-character , DPCA-120 hexafunctional of the KAYARAD series manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.

DPE-6A custom-character dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, hexafunctional of the LIGHT ACRYLATE series manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd.

A-DHP custom-character dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, hexafunctional manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.

As mentioned above, the ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) is restricted to not less than 50 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer.

The reason is as has been mentioned above.

That is, by setting the ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to enhance the whiteness of a character due to the porosification of the cured product and print the character of white color that is high in hiding property.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) is preferably not less than 60 mass % and especially preferably not less than 65 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer even within the range mentioned above.

Also, an upper limit of the ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) is not restricted in particular and an entire amount of the polyfunctional monomer may be the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I).

That is, the ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) may be 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer.

If the ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) is set to 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, it becomes possible to further improve the whiteness of a character due to the porosification of the cured product and print the character of white color that is even higher in hiding property.

A ratio in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer of another polyfunctional monomer besides the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) is a remaining amount after the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I).

That is, in setting the ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) to a predetermined value within the range mentioned above, the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer should be set such that the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer would be 100 mass %.

Also, a ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) in a total amount of the white ink is preferably not less than 8.5 mass % and preferably not more than 38 mass %.

If the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) is less than this range, the above-described effect, due to selectively using the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I), of enhancing the whiteness and the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) exceeds the range mentioned above, although also depending on a ratio of the monofunctional monomer, flexibility is decreased, the cured product becomes rigid and brittle, and the abrasion resistance of a character constituted of the cured product becomes insufficient in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to further enhance the whiteness and the hiding property of a character while suppressing insufficiency of the abrasion resistance of the character.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) is preferably not less than 13 mass % and preferably not more than 33 mass % in the total amount of the white ink even within the range mentioned above.

The ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer is preferably not more than 17 mass % and especially preferably not more than 13 mass % in the total amount of the white ink.

If the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer exceeds this range, the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) is decreased relatively and the effect of enhancing the whiteness and the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained in some cases.

Also, the ratio of the monofunctional monomer is decreased relatively and the effects of imparting a suitable flexibility to the cured product, enhancing the rate of the curing reaction, and suppressing the viscosity of the white ink cannot be obtained in some cases.

Here, a lower limit of the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer is not restricted in particular and it is possible, as mentioned above, for the entire amount of the polyfunctional monomer to be the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and the other polyfunctional monomer to be not included (to be excluded).

That is, the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer may be 0 mass % in the total amount of the white ink.

The ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer is restricted to not less than 15 mass % and not more than 70 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

The reasons for this are also as have been described above.

That is, by setting the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to further enhance the whiteness and the hiding property of a character while maintaining the effects due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination and yet suppressing insufficiencies of the toughness of the cured product and the abrasion resistance of the character.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer is preferably not less than 20 mass % and preferably not more than 65 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components even within the range mentioned above.

Also, the ratio of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the white ink is preferably not less than 6.5 mass % and preferably not more than 32 mass %.

If the ratio of the monofunctional monomer is less than this range, although also depending on the ratio of the polyfunctional monomer, the above-described effects due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination cannot be obtained in some cases.

That is, the effects of imparting a suitable flexibility to the cured product, enhancing the rate of the curing reaction, and suppressing the viscosity of the white ink cannot be obtained at times.

On the other hand, if the ratio of the monofunctional monomer exceeds the range mentioned above, the polyfunctional monomer that becomes the base of the three-dimensional network structure becomes deficient, the three-dimensional network structure that is formed becomes coarse, and the toughness of the cured product and the abrasion resistance of a character become insufficient in some cases.

Also, in some cases, the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) becomes deficient and the effect of enhancing the whiteness and the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained sufficiently.

In contrast, by setting the ratio of the monofunctional monomer within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to further enhance the whiteness and the hiding property of a character while maintaining the effects due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination and yet suppressing insufficiencies of the toughness of the cured product and the abrasion resistance of the character.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio of the monofunctional monomer is preferably not less than 8 mass % and preferably not more than 30 mass % in the total amount of the white ink even within the range mentioned above.

custom-character Binder Resin

A binder resin may be blended in the white ink to enhance the fixing property with respect to a surface of a printing object and the abrasion resistance associated therewith of a character.

As the binder resin, various binder resins that can be dissolved or dispersed satisfactorily in the volatile solvent or the radical polymerizable components can be used.

As the binder resin, various types of polyamide resin, acrylic resin, phenol resin, etc., that are excellent in solubility in the volatile solvent can be cited in particular. One type or two or more types of these binder resins can be used.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various polyamide resins, etc., can be cited as the polyamide resin. One type or two or more types of these polyamide resins can be used.

725, 744, 756, and 759 of the Versamid (registered trademark) series manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd., 615A and 640 of the Sunmide (registered trademark) series manufactured by Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., and 90, 92, 391, 394-N, 395, and TXC-135-G of the Tohmide (registered trademark) series manufactured by T&K TOKA Co., Ltd.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various acrylic resins, etc., can be cited as the acrylic resin. One type or two or more types of these acrylic resins can be used.

NK-350 and NK-380 of the POLYMENT (registered trademark) series manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd., B-67 of the PARALOID (registered trademark) series manufactured by Rohm & Haas Co., and B-813, B-817, and B-818 of the NeoCryl (registered trademark) series manufactured by DSM Co., Ltd.

As the phenol resin, novolac resin, which are thermoplastic resin, are especially preferable and although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various novolac resins, etc., can be cited as the novolac resin. One type or two or more types of these novolac resins can be used.

TD-2131, TD-2106, TD-2093, TD-2093Y, TD-2090, and TD-2091 of the PHENOLITE (registered trademark) series manufactured by DIC Corp. and BRG-555, BRG-564, and CKM-2432 of the SHONOL (registered trademark) series manufactured by Aica Kogyo Co., Ltd.

A ratio of the binder resin is preferably not less than 1 mass % and preferably not more than 10 mass % in the total amount of the white ink.

If the ratio of the binder resin is less than this range, the effect of enhancing the fixing property and the abrasion resistance of a character with respect to a surface of a printing object due to blending the binder resin cannot be obtained sufficiently in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio of the binder resin exceeds the range mentioned above, so-called cogation occurs in some cases, especially when the white ink is used in a thermal type inkjet printer.

In contrast, by setting the ratio of the binder resin within the range mentioned above, the fixing property and the abrasion resistance of a character with respect to a surface of a printing object can be enhanced sufficiently while suppressing the occurrence of cogation.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio of the binder resin is preferably not less than 1.5 mass % and preferably not more than 8 mass % in the total amount of the white ink even within the range mentioned above.

custom-character Volatile Solvent

As the volatile solvent, various volatile solvents that can dissolve or disperse the radical polymerizable components and the binder resin satisfactorily and have volatility can be used.

In particular, a preferable volatile solvent is that which after printing on a surface of a printing object is performed can volatilize preferably with a delay with respect to progress of the curing reaction of the radical polymerizable components and especially after the curing reaction is substantially ended.

As the volatile solvent, for example, various alcohols, ketones, ethers, esters, etc., can be cited. One type or two or more types of these volatile solvents can be used.

As the volatile solvent, an alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms that has the suitable volatility described above and is unlikely to incur damage on a head of an inkjet printer, etc., is especially preferable.

As the alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, etc., can be cited. One type or two or more types of these alcohols can be used.

Also, as the volatile solvent, at least one type of another volatile solvent such as an alcohol with 4 or more carbon atoms, a ketone, an ether, an ester, etc., may be used in combination with the alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

These other volatile solvents are all excellent in ability to dissolve the radical polymerizable components and the binder resin and are thus capable of aiding the alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms dissolve these components and controlling its dissolving ability arbitrarily.

Also, solubilities of the radical polymerizable components and the binder resin can be aided and the solubilities of these components can also be controlled arbitrarily.

As the alcohol with 4 carbon atoms or more among the other volatile solvents, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, etc., can be cited. One type or two or more types of these alcohols can be used.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various ketones, etc., can be cited as specific examples of the ketone. One type or two or more types of these ketones can be used.

2-butanone custom-character methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acetone dimethyl ketone, 2-pentanone methyl propyl ketone (MPK), 3-pentanone diethyl ketone (DEK), 3-methyl-2-butanone methyl isopropyl ketone (MIPK), 2-methyl-4-pentanonemethyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), cyclohexanone, and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one custom-character diacetone alcohol.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various ethers, etc., can be cited as specific examples of the ether. One type or two or more types of these ethers can be used.

1,4-dioxane custom-character dioxane, 1,1-dimethyldiethyl ether diisopropyl ether, 2-ethoxyethanol ethyl cellosolve (EGMEE), 2-butoxyethanol butyl cellosolve (EGMBE) , and methyl tert-butyl ether MTBE.

Also, as the ether, a glycol ether can also be used.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various glycol ethers, etc., can be cited as specific examples of the glycol ether. One type or two or more types of these glycol ethers can be used.

1-methoxy-2-propanol custom-character propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PM), 2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethanol methyl carbitol, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol ethyl carbitol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol butyl carbitol, 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol methyl triglycol, 1-butoxy-2-propanol propylene glycol-1-monobutyl ether (PNB) custom-character , 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol methyl methoxybutanol (MMB), 2-[2-(hexyloxy)ethoxy]ethanol hexyl diglycol, 1-methoxy-2-propyl propanoate methotate, and 1- or 2-(methoxymethylethoxy)propanol dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPM), isomer mixture.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various esters, etc., can be cited as specific examples of the ester. One type or two or more types of these esters can be used.

Ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, pentyl ethanoate (amyl acetate), propyl acetate (n-propyl acetate), isopropyl ethanoate (isopropyl acetate), (R)-ethyl-2-hydroxypropanoate (ethyl lactate), methyl-2-hydroxypropanoate (methyl lactate), and butyl-2-hydroxypropanoate (butyl lactate).

Also as the ester, a glycol ester can also be used.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various glycolesters, etc., can be cited as specific examples of the glycol ester. One type or two or more types of these glycol esters can be used.

1-acetoxy-2-ethoxyethane custom-character ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propanyl acetate propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), 2-(2-butoxyethoxy) ethyl acetate butyl carbitol acetate, and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy) ethyl acetate ethyl carbitol acetate.

Here, as the volatile solvent, it is preferable to selectively use that with which a difference in refractive index with respect to the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) is as large as possible.

Specifically, it is preferable to selectively use a volatile solvent with which the difference ΔR in refractive index with respect to a refractive index of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) is not less than ±0.03.

When a volatile solvent with which the difference ΔR is less than ±0.03 is used, there is a tendency for a character to be decreased in whiteness and hiding property due to influence of the volatile solvent remaining in the cured product, especially immediately after being printed and formed by making the radical polymerizable components undergo the curing reaction.

In contrast, by selectively using a volatile solvent with which the difference ΔR is not less than ±0.03, decreasing of the whiteness and the hiding property of a character can be suppressed and the character can be imparted with high whiteness and hiding property from immediately after being formed.

As with the glass transition temperature Tg, the refractive index of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) shall be represented by a value measured using a sample for measurement that is constituted of a homopolymer of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) prepared by polymerizing the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) alone.

Also, the refractive indices of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and the volatile solvent shall both be represented by values measured under an environment of 20±0.2° C. temperature.

Here, if two or more types are to be used in combination as the high Tg polyfunctional monomers (I), the refractive index of one type of high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) that makes up not less than 70 mass % of the combination as a main monomer is deemed to be the refractive index of the high Tg polyfunctional monomers (I) to determine the difference ΔR with respect to the refractive index of the volatile solvent.

Also, if two or more types are to be used in combination as the volatile solvents, the refractive index of one type of volatile solvent that makes up not less than 70 mass % of the combination as a main solvent is deemed to be the refractive index of the volatile solvents to determine the difference ΔR with respect to the refractive index of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I).

As mentioned above, the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvent is restricted to not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

The reasons are as have been mentioned above.

That is, if the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvent is set within the range mentioned above, a character that has sufficient thickness, is excellent in abrasion resistance, and is high in whiteness and hiding property can be printed while suppressing the overall viscosity of the white ink to be within the range suitable for discharge to suppress the occurrence of a discharge defect.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvent is preferably not less than 70 mass % and preferably not more than 370 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components even within the range mentioned above.

Also, a ratio of the volatile solvent is preferably not less than 30 mass % and preferably not more than 73 mass % in the total amount of the white ink.

If the ratio of the volatile solvent is less than this range, the above-described effect of porosifying the cured product and enhancing the whiteness and the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained in some cases.

Also, the ratio of the volatile solvent that contributes to the decrease in viscosity becomes insufficient such that the viscosity of the white ink exceeds the range suitable for discharge from a nozzle of an inkjet printer and a defect of not enabling satisfactory discharge from the nozzle is caused in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio of the volatile solvent exceeds the range mentioned above, the solids concentration in the white ink becomes insufficient and consequently, a character having sufficient thickness and being excellent in abrasion resistance cannot be printed on a surface of a printing object in some cases.

In contrast, if the ratio of the volatile solvent is set within the range mentioned above, a character having sufficient thickness, being excellent in abrasion resistance, and being high in whiteness and hiding property can be printed while suppressing the overall viscosity of the white ink to be within the range suitable for discharge to suppress the occurrence of a discharge defect.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio of the volatile solvent is preferably not less than 38 mass % and preferably not more than 71 mass % in the total amount of the white ink.

In all cases, the ratio of the volatile solvent is a ratio of an alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms if just the alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms is used as the volatile solvent and is a ratio of a total of an alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms and another volatile solvent if these are used in combination.

Also, a ratio of the other volatile solvent is preferably not more than 10 mass % in a total amount of the volatile solvent.

If the ratio of the other volatile solvent exceeds this range, the dissolving ability may become too strong and, for example, damage may be incurred on a head of an inkjet printer, etc.

In contrast, by setting the ratio of the other volatile solvent within the range mentioned above, progress of the curing reaction and timing of volatilization of the volatile solvent can be controlled appropriately without incurring damage on a head of an inkjet printer.

Also, the solubilities of the radical polymerizable components and the binder resin can be aided.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio of the other volatile solvent is preferably not less than 3 mass % and preferably not more than 7 mass % in the total amount of the volatile solvent.

custom-character Photo-Radical Polymerization Initiator

As the photo-radical polymerization initiator, any of various compounds with which a radical can be formed by irradiation of light of arbitrary wavelength to make the radical polymerizable components undergo a radical polymerization reaction can be used.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various compounds, etc., can be cited as specific examples of the photo-radical polymerization initiator. One type or two or more types of these photo-radical polymerization initiators can be used.

Benzophenone, hydroxybenzophenone, 2-chlorobenzophenone, 4,4′-dichlorobenzophenone, 4,4′-bisdiethylaminobenzophenone (Michler's ketone), 4,4′-bisdimethylaminobenzophenone (Michler's ketone), 4-methoxy-4′-dimethylaminobenzophenone, benzophenone compounds represented by general formula (1) in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-280427, and other benzophenones and salts thereof.

Thioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2-methylthioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, 1-chloro-4-propoxythioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, 4-isopropylthioxanthone, isopropoxychlorothioxanthone, thioxanthone compounds represented by general formula (2) in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2008-280427, and other thioxanthones and salts thereof.

Ethylanthraquinone, benzanthraquinone, aminoanthraquinones, chloroanthraquinones, and other anthraquinones.

Acetophenone, 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone, 2,2-dimethoxyphenylacetophenone, 4′-dimethylaminoacetophenone, dimethylhydroxyacetophenone, and other acetophenones.

2-(o-chlorophenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer, 2-(o-chlorophenyl)-4,5-di(m-methoxyphenyl)imidazole dimer, 2-(o-fluorophenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer, 2-(o-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer, 2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer, 2-di(p-methoxyphenyl)-5-phenylimidazole dimer, 2-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,5-diphenylimidazole dimer, 2,4,5-triarylimidazole dimer, and other imidazoles.

Benzyl dimethyl ketal, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1-(4-morpholinophenylbutane)-1-on e, 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-morpholinopropane-1-on e, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propane-1-one, 1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan e-1-one, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzoin-n-propyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether, benzoin-n-butyl ether, and other benzoins.

9-phenylacridine, 1,7-bis(9,9′-acridinyl)heptane, and other acridine derivatives.

Bisacylphosphine oxide, bisphenylphosphine oxide, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, bis(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphine oxide, and other phosphine oxides.

2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one, 2-hydroxy-1-{4-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionyl)benzyl]phen yl}-2-methylpropane-1-one, 2-dimethylamino-2-(4-methylbenzyl)-1-(4-morpholine-4-yl-ph enyl)butane-1-one, 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropane-1-one, methyl benzoylformate, azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2,4,6-trihalomethyl triazines, benzil, methylbenzoyl, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-4-morpholinobutyrophenone, etc.

A ratio of the photo-radical polymerization initiator can be set arbitrarily.

However, in consideration of imparting the white ink with a satisfactory photocuring property, the ratio of the photo-radical polymerization initiator is preferably not less than 0.1 mass % and preferably not more than 12 mass % of the total amount of the white ink.

If two or more types of photo-radical polymerization initiators are to be used in combination, a ratio of a total thereof should be set within the range mentioned above.

custom-character Other Components

In addition to the respective components described above, various additives may further be blended in the white ink.

As the additives, for example, a sensitizer, a radical polymerization inhibitor, a surfactant, a tackifier, a colorant, etc., can be cited.

Among the above, the sensitizer functions to aid the forming of the radical by the photo-radical polymerization initiator by being put in an excited state by irradiation of ultraviolet rays and interacting with the photo-radical polymerization initiator.

In particular, when an LED curing lamp is used as a light source, since a wavelength range thereof is narrow, it is preferable to blend the sensitizer to improve sensitivity, in other words, sensitize by widening a wavelength range in which the white ink has sensitivity.

As examples of the sensitizer, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, 1-chloro-4-propoxythioxanthone, a mixture of 2-isopropylthioxanthone and 4-isopropylthioxanthone, and other thioxanthones and salts thereof, a eutectic mixture of benzophenone and 2,3- and 4-methylbenzophenones, methyl-2-benzophenone, benzophenone, 4-benzoyl-4′-methylphenylsulfide, 4-methylbenzophenone, 4-phenylbenzophenone and other benzophenones and salts thereof, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 4,4′-bisdiethylaminobenzophenone (Michler's ketone), etc., among the photo-radical polymerization initiators mentioned above can be cited.

Also, as examples of other sensitizers, ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate, 2-ethyl-4-(dimethylaminobenzoate), and other benzoate compounds, naphthalene benzoxazolyl derivatives, thiophene benzoxazolyl derivatives, stilbene benzoxazolyl derivatives, coumarin derivatives, styrene biphenyl derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, styryl derivatives of benzene and biphenyl, bis(benzazole-2-yl) derivatives, carbostyril, naphthalimide, derivatives of dibenzothiophene-5,5′-dioxide, pyrene derivatives, pyridotriazole, ethyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, isoamyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, etc., can be cited.

As the sensitizer, one type or two or more types of each of compounds having an absorption wavelength range suited for sensitization in accordance with the wavelength range of the light from the light source and an absorption wavelength range of the photo-radical polymerization initiator can be used from among the various sensitizers described above.

A ratio of the sensitizer can be set arbitrarily.

The radical polymerization inhibitor functions to prevent the white ink from gelling due to the radical polymerization components undergoing the radical polymerization reaction while the white ink is in storage or is sealed and kept in a package, etc.

As the radical polymerization inhibitor, it is possible to use any of various compounds having the function described above.

As examples of the radical polymerization inhibitor, nitrosamine based compounds, hydroquinones, catechols, hindered amines, phenols, phenothiazines, quinones with condensed aromatic rings, di-2-ethylhexyl maleate, etc., can be cited. One type or two or more types of these radical polymerization inhibitors can be used.

As examples of the nitrosamine based compounds among the above, ammonium salt of N-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine (ammonium N-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine), aluminum salt of N-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine (aluminum N-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine), etc., can be cited. One type or two or more types of these nitrosamine based compounds can be used.

As examples of the hydroquinones, hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, 1-o-2,3,5-trimethylolhydroquinone, 2-tert-butylhydroquinone, etc., can be cited. One type or two or more types of these hydroquinones can be used.

As examples of the catechols, for example, catechol, 4-methylcatechol, 4-tert-butylcatechol, etc., can be cited. One type or two or more types of these catechols can be used.

As the hindered amines, arbitrary hindered amines having a polymerization inhibition effect can be cited. One type or two or more types of these hindered amines can be used.

As examples of the phenols, phenol, butylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, pyrogallol, alkyl esters of gallic acid, hindered phenols, etc., can be cited. One type or two or more types of these phenols can be used.

As examples of the phenothiazines, phenothiazine, etc., can be cited.

As examples of the quinones with condensed aromatic rings, naphthoquinone, etc., can be cited.

A ratio of the radical polymerization inhibitor is preferably not less than 0.01 mass % and preferably not more than 3 mass % of the total amount of the white ink.

As the surfactant, for example, a silicone acrylate based surfactant can be used.

With the silicone acrylate based surfactant, clarity of printing can be enhanced and image quality can be improved by suppressing the volatile solvent from wet-spreading in planar directions on a surface of a printing object.

A ratio of the silicone acrylate based surfactant or other surfactant in terms of effective component amount in the surfactant is preferably not less than 0.1 mass % and preferably not more than 5 mass % of the total amount of the white ink.

custom-character Colorant

Although the colorant may be blended in the white ink for fine adjustment of color tone of the white color of a character, it is preferable for the colorant to be not included (to be excluded).

The white ink containing the respective components mentioned above can be used favorably, for example, in an inkjet printer that is of a drop-on-demand type and is of a thermal type or piezo type.

Also, to expose a character printed on a surface of a printing object, for example, an LED curing lamp or a UV lamp, etc., can be used.

In particular, by using in the inkjet printer mentioned above to perform printing and thereafter using the LED curing lamp, etc., to perform exposure and make the curing reaction occur, a character of white color with visibility can be printed on a surface of a printing object of low brightness such as that of black color, etc., or a surface of a printing object constituted of a transparent material, etc.

{Color Ink}

With the color ink for printing a character of an arbitrary color tone besides white color, the high Tg polyfunctional monomer is a high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) with a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C., the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is not less than 30 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, the ratio of the monofunctional monomer is not less than 5 mass % and not more than 70 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components, the ratio of the volatile solvent is not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass % with respect to the radical polymerizable components, and further, a colorant is contained.

With this arrangement, in addition to the mechanism described above, a printed character is colored by the colorant, and together, these enable the hiding property of the character to be enhanced, without using titanium oxide or other white pigment, to be approximately equivalent to that in the case of containing the white pigment.

A contrast ratio of a character printed using the color ink is preferably made not less than 45%.

If the contrast ratio is less than this range, the hiding property of the character is insufficient and a color tone or a pattern, etc., of a surface of a substrate becomes more likely to show up and, for example, in some cases, unevenness of color is conspicuous when solid printing is performed or a barcode appears to be blurred or chipped when it is printed.

In contrast, by making the contrast ratio be within the range mentioned above, the hiding property of the character can be enhanced and it is possible, for example, to suppress unevenness of color from being conspicuous when solid printing is performed or a barcode from appearing blurred or chipped when it is printed.

The contrast ratio shall be represented by a value measured in conformance with “Method B (Hiding chart)” included in Japanese Industrial Standards JIS K5600-4-1: 1999 “Testing methods for paints—Part 4: Visual characteristics of film—Section 1: Hiding power (for light-coloured paints)” under an environment of ordinary temperature (5 to 35° C.).

That is, the color ink is coated such that a film thickness after curing would be 3 to 10 μm on a surface colored in black and white of a hiding chart conforming to the standards mentioned above and after using a UV lamp to expose and make the curing reaction occur within 0.15 seconds from printing, tristimulus values are measured at five locations each on a white portion and on a black portion of the hiding chart and average tristimulus values Y_Wand Y_Bare determined.

To coat the color ink on the surface of the hiding chart, solid printing using an inkjet printer or a coating method using a bar coater, spray, etc., can be adopted.

Then, from the determined average tristimulus values Y_Wand Y_B, the contrast ratio Y_B/Y_Wis calculated as a percentage.

To porosify the cured product more reliably and further enhance the hiding property of a character, the volatile solvent is preferably volatilized with a delay with respect to progress of the curing reaction and especially preferably, the volatile solvent is volatilized after the curing reaction is substantially ended.

For this purpose, for example, the types and combination of the radical polymerizable components and the type and combination of the volatile solvent should be selected as appropriate.

Here, it is known that the color ink differs according to its color tone in relationship between condition of color development and hiding power.

For example, in a case of the three colors of cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) that are used in combination for full color printing, the contrast ratios are preferably respectively set within the following ranges each even within the range mentioned above to print a character having a higher hiding property.

Cyan: Not less than 50%, more preferably not less than 60%, and especially preferably not less than 75%.

Magenta: Not less than 50%, more preferably not less than 55%, and especially preferably not less than 65%.

Yellow: Not less than 50%, more preferably not less than 55%, and especially preferably not less than 60%.

Here, even if the contrast ratio is low with one time of printing, it is possible to improve the contrast ratio by printing repeatedly two times or three times.

Here, the reasons for restricting the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer in the color ink (hereinafter provided at times with the symbol “Rmh₂”) to not less than 30 mass % as stated above are as have been described above.

That is, if the ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is less than this range, the effect, due to selectively using the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), of enhancing the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to enhance the contrast ratio of a character and print the character that is excellent in hiding property.

Also, the reasons for restricting the ratio of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components in the color ink (hereinafter provided at times with the symbol “RS₂”) to not less than 5 mass % and not more than 70 mass % are as have been described above.

That is, if the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer is less than this range, the effects, due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination, of imparting a suitable flexibility to the cured product, enhancing the rate of the curing reaction, and suppressing an overall viscosity of the color ink from increasing cannot be obtained in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer exceeds the range mentioned above, the polyfunctional monomer that becomes the base of the three-dimensional network structure becomes deficient relatively, the three-dimensional network structure that is formed becomes coarse, and the toughness of the cured product and the abrasion resistance of a character become insufficient in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to suppress insufficiencies of the toughness of the cured product and the abrasion resistance of the character even while maintaining the effects due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination.

Further, the reasons for restricting the ratio of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components in the color ink (hereinafter provided at times with the symbol “RV₂”) to not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass % are also as have been described above.

That is, if the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvent that becomes the base of porosifying the cured product is less than this range, the effect of porosifying the cured product to enhance the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained in some cases.

This also amounts to the ratio of the volatile solvent that contributes to the decrease in viscosity becoming insufficient as mentioned above such that the overall viscosity of the color ink exceeds the range suitable for an inkjet ink and a defect of not enabling satisfactory discharge from a nozzle of an inkjet printer is caused in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvent exceeds the range mentioned above, a solids concentration in the color ink becomes insufficient and consequently, a character having sufficient thickness and being excellent in abrasion resistance cannot be formed on a surface of a printing object in some cases.

In contrast, if the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvent is set within the range mentioned above, a character having sufficient thickness, being excellent in abrasion resistance, and being high in hiding property can be printed while suppressing the overall viscosity of the color ink to be within the range suitable for discharge to suppress the occurrence of a discharge defect.

These are also clear from the results of examples and comparative examples described below.

custom-character Radical Polymerizable Components

As the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), various monomers having two or more radical polymerizable groups within a single molecule, in other words, being difunctional or higher and having a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C. can be used.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the same high Tg polyfunctional monomers (I) cited as examples for the white ink can be cited and in addition, high Tg polyfunctional monomers with a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C. but less than 60° C. can also be cited as specific examples of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), One type or two or more types of these high Tg polyfunctional monomers (II) can be used.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the following various compounds, etc., can be cited as specific examples of the high Tg polyfunctional monomers among the above with the glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C. but less than 60° C. One type or two or more types of these high Tg polyfunctional monomers can be used.

(Difunctional Acrylates)

SR213 custom-character 1,4-butanediol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 45° C., SR238F 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 43° C., SR238NS 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 43° C., SR272triethylene glycol diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 48° C. custom-character , and SR9209alkoxylated aliphatic diacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 48° C. of the SARTOMER series manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.

(Difunctional Methacrylates)

SR206NS custom-character ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 58° C., SR214NS 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 55° C., CD541 ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 54° C., and SR541ethoxylated (6) bisphenol A dimethacrylate; glass transition temperature Tg: 54° C. custom-character of the SARTOMER series manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.

As the monofunctional monomer, various monomers that are copolymerizable with the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and have just one radical polymerizable group in a single molecule can be used.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the same N-vinyl lactam monomers represented by formula (1) and other monofunctional monomers, etc., cited as examples for the white ink can be cited as specific examples of the monofunctional monomer. One type or two or more types of these monofunctional monomers can be used.

As other radical polymerizable components, for example, polyfunctional monomers that are difunctional or higher and have two or more radical polymerizable groups within a single molecule and have a glass transition temperature Tg of less than 40° C. and oligomers, etc., can be cited.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, the polyfunctional monomers among the same other polyfunctional monomers cited as examples for the white ink except for those with the glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C. but less than 60° C., etc., can be cited as specific examples of the polyfunctional monomers with the glass transition temperature Tg of less than 40° C. One type or two or more types of these other polyfunctional monomers can be used.

As mentioned above, the ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is restricted to not less than 30 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer.

The reason is as has been mentioned above.

That is, by setting the ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to enhance the contrast ratio of a character due to the porosification of the cured product and print the character that is high in hiding property.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer is preferably not less than 50 mass % even within the range mentioned above.

Also, an upper limit of the ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is not restricted in particular and the entire amount of the polyfunctional monomer may be the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

That is, the ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer may be 100 mass %.

If the ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is set to 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, it becomes possible to further improve the contrast ratio of a character due to the porosification of the cured product and print the character that is even higher in hiding property.

A ratio in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer of another polyfunctional monomer besides the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is a remaining amount after the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

That is, in setting the ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) to a predetermined value within the range mentioned above, the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer should be set such that the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer would be 100 mass %.

Also, a ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in a total amount of the color ink is preferably not less than 7 mass % and preferably not more than 50 mass %.

If the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is less than this range, the above-described effect, due to selectively using the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), of enhancing the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) exceeds the range mentioned above, although also depending on a ratio of the monofunctional monomer, the flexibility is decreased, the cured product becomes rigid and brittle, and the abrasion resistance of a character constituted of the cured product becomes insufficient in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to further enhance the hiding property of a character while suppressing insufficiency of the abrasion resistance of the character.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the color ink is preferably not less than 12 mass % and preferably not more than 40 mass % even within the range mentioned above.

Also, the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer in the total amount of the color ink is preferably not more than 18 mass % and especially preferably not more than 13 mass %.

If the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer exceeds this range, the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is decreased relatively and the effect of enhancing the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained in some cases.

Here, a lower limit of the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer is not restricted in particular and it is possible, as mentioned above, for the entire amount of the polyfunctional monomer to be the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and the other polyfunctional monomer to be not included (to be excluded).

That is, the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer may be 0 mass % in the total amount of the color ink.

The ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer is restricted to not less than 5 mass % and not more than 70 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

The reasons for this are also as have been described above.

That is, by setting the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to suppress insufficiencies of the toughness of the cured product and the abrasion resistance of a character even while maintaining the effects due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components is preferably not less than 10 mass % and preferably not more than 65 mass % even within the range mentioned above.

Also, the ratio of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the color ink is preferably not less than 2.3 mass % and preferably not more than 32 mass %.

That is, the effects of imparting a suitable flexibility to the cured product, enhancing the rate of the curing reaction, and suppressing the viscosity of the color ink cannot be obtained at times.

Also, in some cases, the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) becomes deficient and the effect of enhancing the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained sufficiently.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the color ink is preferably not less than 3.3 mass % and preferably not more than 30 mass % even within the range mentioned above.

custom-character Coloranta

As the colorant, various pigments, dyes, etc., that are of respective colors besides white (except for white) and are in accordance with the color tone of the color ink can be used.

In particular, in consideration of improving light fastness, abrasion resistance, and alcohol resistance of a character, various inorganic pigments and/or organic pigments are preferable.

As examples of the inorganic pigments among these, metal compounds such as iron oxide (colcothar, iron black, etc.), chromium oxide green, aluminum hydroxide, etc., graphite, and neutral, acidic, basic, and other various carbon blacks manufactured by a known method such as a contact method, a furnace method, a thermal method, etc., can be cited.

Also, as examples of the organic pigments, azo pigments (including azo lakes, insoluble azo pigments, condensed azo pigments, chelate azo pigments, etc.), benzimidazolone pigments, polycyclic pigments (for example, phthalocyanine pigments, perylene pigments, perinone pigments, anthraquinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, dioxazine pigments, indigo pigments, thioindigo pigments, isoindolinone pigments, flavanthrone pigments, pyranthrone pigments, indanthrone pigments, quinophthalone pigments, etc.), dye chelates (for example, basic dye type chelates, acidic dye type chelates, etc.), nitro pigments, nitroso pigments, aniline black, etc., can be cited.

As specific examples of the pigments, the following various pigments can be cited.

(Yellow Pigments)

C. I. pigment yellow 1, 2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 14C, 16, 17, 20, 24, 42, 73, 74, 75, 81, 83, 86, 87, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 108, 109, 110, 114, 117, 120, 125, 128, 129, 130, 137, 138, 139, 147, 148, 150, 151, 154, 155, 166, 168, 180, 184, 185, 213, and 214

(Magenta Pigments)

C. I. pigment red 5, 7, 9, 12, 22, 38, 48:1, 48:2, 48:4, 49:1, 52, 53:1, 57, 57:1, 63:1, 97, 101, 102, 112, 122, 123, 144, 146, 149, 168, 177, 178, 179, 180, 184, 185, 190, 202, 206, 207, 209, 224, 242, 254, 255, and 270

(Cyan Pigments)

C. I. pigment blue 1, 2, 3, 15, 15:1, 15:2, 15:3, 15:4, 15:6, 15:34, 16, 18, 22, 27, 29, and 60

(Black Pigments)

C. I. pigment black 7

(Orange Pigments)

C. I. pigment orange 36, 43, 51, 55, 59, 61, 71, and 74

(Green Pigments)

C. I. pigment green 7 and 36

(Violet Pigments)

C. I. pigment violet 19, 23, 29, 30, 37, 40, and 50

One type or two or more types of the pigments can be used in accordance with the color tone of the color ink.

The pigment may be surface-treated to improve dispersion stability in the color ink.

Also, the monofunctional monomer described above, the volatile solvent to be described below, etc., may be used as a dispersion medium and the pigment may be used in a state of being dispersed in the dispersion medium as a pigment dispersion to manufacture the color ink.

A dispersant, etc., may be added to the pigment dispersion to disperse the pigment satisfactorily.

As the dispersant, it is possible to use any of various dispersants, for example, polymer-based dispersants, surfactants, etc.

A ratio of the pigment or other colorant can be set arbitrarily in accordance with the type of the colorant, the color tone of the color ink, etc.

However, the ratio of the colorant is preferably not less than 4.8 mass % and preferably not more than 18 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

If the ratio of the colorant is less than this range, a coloring power of the colorant is too weak with respect to the above-described hiding power due to the cured product of the radical polymerizable components and a character having a sufficient color density cannot be printed in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio of the colorant exceeds the range mentioned above, especially in the case of a pigment, the overall viscosity of the color ink readily becomes too high or excess pigment readily aggregates within the color ink, readily causing a discharge defect in some cases.

Also, the curing of the color ink is impeded and the effect of improving the hiding property of a character due to porosification of the cured product cannot be obtained sufficiently or a character that is excellent in fixing property and abrasion resistance cannot be printed on a surface of a printing object in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the ratio of the colorant within the range mentioned above, a character that is excellent in fixing property and abrasion resistance, is high in hiding property, and yet has sufficient color density can be printed while suppressing the occurrence of a discharge defect.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio of the colorant is preferably not less than 6.5 mass %, especially preferably not less than 7.5 mass %, and preferably not more than 15 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components even within the range mentioned above.

Here, if a pigment dispersion is used as the colorant, the ratio of the colorant is deemed to be the ratio of the pigment itself, which is the effective component within the pigment dispersion, with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

custom-character Binder Resin

A binder resin may be blended in the color ink to enhance the fixing property with respect to a surface of a printing object and the abrasion resistance associated therewith of a character.

As the binder resin, various binder resins that can be dissolved or dispersed satisfactorily in the volatile solvent and the radical polymerizable components can be used.

As specific examples of the binder resin, for example, the same polyamide resin, acrylic resin, phenol resin, etc., cited as examples for the white ink can be cited. One type or two or more types of these binder resins can be used.

A ratio of the binder resin is preferably not less than 1 mass % and preferably not more than 10 mass % in the total amount of the color ink.

On the other hand, if the ratio of the binder resin exceeds the range mentioned above, so-called cogation occurs in some cases, especially when the color ink is used in a thermal type inkjet printer.

custom-character Volatile Solvents

As the volatile solvent, various volatile solvents that can dissolve or disperse the radical polymerizable components and the binder resin satisfactorily and have volatility can be used.

As the volatile solvent, for example, the same various alcohols, ketones, ethers, esters, etc., cited as examples for the white ink can be cited. One type or two or more types of these volatile solvents can be used.

The reasons for these are as have been described above.

Here, as the volatile solvent, it is preferable to selectively use that with which a difference in refractive index with respect to the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is as large as possible.

The reason for this is also as has been described above.

The refractive index of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) can be measured in the same way and under the same conditions as the refractive indices of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and the volatile solvent described above.

Also likewise, if two or more types are to be used in combination as the high Tg polyfunctional monomers (II), the refractive index of one type of high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) that makes up not less than 70 mass % of the combination as a main monomer is deemed to be the refractive index of the high Tg polyfunctional monomers (II) to determine the difference ΔR with respect to the refractive index of the volatile solvent.

Further likewise, if two or more types are to be used in combination as the volatile solvents, the refractive index of one type of volatile solvent that makes up not less than 70 mass % of the combination as a main solvent is deemed to be the refractive index of the volatile solvents to determine the difference ΔR with respect to the refractive index of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

As mentioned above, the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvent is restricted to not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

The reasons are as have been mentioned above.

That is, if the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvent is set within the range mentioned above, a character having sufficient thickness, being excellent in abrasion resistance, and being high in hiding property can be printed while suppressing the overall viscosity of the color ink to be within the range suitable for discharge to suppress the occurrence of a discharge defect.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components is preferably not less than 70 mass %, especially preferably not less than 130 mass %, and preferably not more than 370 mass % even within the range mentioned above.

Also, a ratio of the volatile solvent in the total amount of the color ink is preferably not less than 30 mass %, more preferably not less than 44 mass %, especially preferably not less than 53 mass %, preferably not more than 71 mass %, and especially preferably not more than 68 mass %.

If the ratio of the volatile solvent is less than this range, the above-described effect of porosifying the cured product and enhancing the hiding property of a character cannot be obtained in some cases.

Also, the ratio of the volatile solvent that contributes to the decrease in viscosity becomes insufficient such that the viscosity of the color ink exceeds the range suitable for discharge from a nozzle of an inkjet printer and a defect of not enabling satisfactory discharge from the nozzle is caused in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio of the volatile solvent exceeds the range mentioned above, the solids concentration in the color ink becomes insufficient and consequently, a character having sufficient thickness and being excellent in abrasion resistance cannot be printed on a surface of a printing object in some cases.

In contrast, if the ratio of the volatile solvent is set within the range mentioned above, a character having sufficient thickness, being excellent in abrasion resistance, and being high in hiding property can be printed while suppressing the overall viscosity of the color ink to be within the range suitable for discharge to suppress the occurrence of a discharge defect.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio of the volatile solvent in the total amount of the color ink is preferably not less than 25 mass %, especially preferably not less than 35 mass %, and preferably not more than 53 mass %.

Also, a ratio of the other volatile solvent is preferably not more than 15 mass % in a total amount of the volatile solvent.

If the ratio of the other volatile solvent exceeds this range, the dissolving ability may become too strong and, for example, damage may be incurred on a head of an inkjet printer, etc.

In contrast, by setting the ratio of the other volatile solvent within the range mentioned above, the progress of the curing reaction and the timing of volatilization of the volatile solvent can be controlled appropriately without incurring damage on a head of an inkjet printer.

Also, the solubilities of the radical polymerizable components and the binder resin can be aided.

Here, for example, in a case where the pigment dispersion, etc., described above is used as the colorant, the ratios of the respective volatile solvents described above shall all be ratios that include a volatile solvent that is contained in the pigment dispersion.

custom-character Photo-Radical Polymerization Initiator

As specific examples of the photo-radical polymerization initiator, for example, one type or two or more types of the same various compounds, etc., cited as examples for the white ink can be used.

A ratio of the photo-radical polymerization initiator can be set arbitrarily.

However, in consideration of imparting the color ink with a satisfactory photocuring property, the ratio of the photo-radical polymerization initiator is preferably not less than 0.1 mass % and preferably not more than 12 mass % of the total amount of the color ink.

If two or more types of photo-radical polymerization initiators are to be used in combination, a ratio of a total thereof should be set within the range mentioned above.

custom-character Other Components

In addition to the respective components described above, various additives may further be blended in the color ink.

As the additives, for example, a sensitizer, a radical polymerization inhibitor, a surfactant, a tackifier, etc., can be cited.

Even in regard to these additives, for example, the same various compounds cited as examples for the white ink can be used and the ratios of the respective additives are preferably set to be substantially equal to those in the case of the white ink.

The color ink containing the respective components mentioned above can be used favorably, for example, in an inkjet printer that is of a drop-on-demand type and is of a thermal type or piezo type.

Also, to expose a character printed on a surface of a printing object, for example, an LED curing lamp or a UV lamp, etc., can be used.

In particular, by using in the inkjet printer mentioned above to perform printing and thereafter using the LED curing lamp, etc., to perform exposure and make the curing reaction occur, a character of a vivid color tone with visibility can be printed on a surface of a printing object of low brightness such as that of black color, etc., or a surface of a printing object constituted of a transparent material, etc.

<<Hiding Layer Coating Agent, Recording Sheet and Method for Manufacturing the Same>>

A hiding layer coating agent according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is characterized in containing radical polymerizable components including a difunctional or higher polyfunctional monomer and a monofunctional monomer, a volatile solvent, and a photo-radical polymerization initiator and in that the polyfunctional monomer includes a high Tg polyfunctional monomer with a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C. at a ratio of not less than 30 mass % in a total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, a ratio of the monofunctional monomer is not less than 5 mass % and not more than 70 mass % in a total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and a ratio of the volatile solvent is not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

Also, a recording sheet according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is characterized in including a base sheet and a hiding layer that is constituted of a cured product of the hiding layer coating agent provided on a surface of the base sheet.

Further, a method for manufacturing a recording sheet according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is characterized in including a step of forming the hiding layer by coating the hiding layer coating agent on the surface of the base sheet and thereafter a step of causing a curing reaction by exposure to ultraviolet rays.

Thereby, a hiding property of the hiding layer of the recording sheet can be improved, by the mechanism described above and without using titanium oxide or other white pigment, to be approximately equivalent to that in a case of containing the white pigment.

That is, when an image is recorded using an image recording ink that is colorless or colored and is transparent or semitransparent on the hiding layer of the recording sheet that includes the hiding layer, a region of the hiding layer in which the image is recorded is selectively decreased in hiding property and put in a transparent or semitransparent state as mentioned above.

That is, the image recording ink permeates into a porous structure of the cured product that forms the hiding layer and fills interiors of pores of the porous structure to suppress the diffuse reflection of light mentioned above and consequently, the hiding property of the region in which the image is recorded is selectively decreased.

That is, novel expressions such as those of (a) to (d) described above that were impossible to realize with the conventional recording sheet are made possible.

As with the inkjet ink, glass transition temperatures Tg (° C.) of the polyfunctional monomer including the high Tg polyfunctional monomer and the monofunctional monomer shall be represented by values determined from results of measurements made in conformance to the measurement method described in the catalog of ARKEMA Inc.

In this process, the integrated exposure is measured using an IL390B radio meter made by International Light Technologies Inc.

{Hiding Layer Coating Agent}

As mentioned above, with the hiding layer coating agent, the high Tg polyfunctional monomer is the same high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) with the glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C. as that used in the color ink, the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is not less than 30 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, the ratio of the monofunctional monomer is not less than 5 mass % and not more than 70 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and the ratio of the volatile solvent is not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass % with respect to the radical polymerizable components.

The hiding property of the hiding layer constituted of the hiding layer coating agent that is not colored shall be evaluated by a whiteness determined by the following method.

That is, the hiding layer coating agent that is not colored is coated such that a film thickness after curing would be 3 to 10 μm on a surface of a PET film at ordinary temperature (5 to 35° C.) and within 0.15 seconds from coating, an LED curing lamp is used to expose and make the curing reaction occur.

Next, the L value of the coated surface is measured using a handheld colorimeter custom-character X-rite (registered trademark) eXact manufactured by Videojet X-Rite K. K. and the whiteness of the hiding layer is evaluated by the following standards.

∘∘∘: The L value was not less than 70.

∘∘: The L value was not less than 60 but less than 70.

∘: The L value was not less than 50 but less than 60.

Δ: The L value was not less than 40 but less than 50.

x: The L value was less than 40.

To coat the hiding layer coating agent on the surface of the PET film, solid printing using an inkjet printer or a coating method such as a bar coating method, a spray coating method, etc., is adopted. With the solid printing using the inkjet printer, the film thickness after curing can be made to be within the range mentioned above, for example, by setting a resolution of printing to 600×600 dpi.

Even if the L value is low with one time of printing, it is possible to improve the L value by printing repeatedly two times or three times.

The hiding property of the hiding layer constituted of the hiding layer coating agent that is colored shall be evaluated by a contrast ratio measured in conformance with “Method B (Hiding chart)” included in Japanese Industrial Standards JIS K5600-4-1: 1999 “Testing methods for paints—Part 4: Visual characteristics of film-Section 1: Hiding power (for light-coloured paints)” under an environment of ordinary temperature (5 to 35° C.).

That is, the hiding layer coating agent is coated such that a film thickness after curing would be 3 to 10 μm on a surface colored in black and white of a hiding chart conforming to the standards mentioned above and after using a UV lamp to expose and make the curing reaction occur within 0.15 seconds from coating, tristimulus values are measured at five locations each on a white portion and on a black portion of the hiding chart and average tristimulus values Y_Wand Y_Bare determined.

To coat the hiding layer coating agent on the surface of the hiding chart, solid printing using an inkjet printer or a coating method such as a bar coating method, a spray coating method, etc., can be adopted.

Then, from the determined average tristimulus values Y_Wand Y_B, the contrast ratio Y_B/Y_Wis calculated as a percentage.

The contrast ratio is preferably made not less than 45%.

If the contrast ratio of the hiding layer is less than this range, the hiding property of the hiding layer is insufficient, the difference in hiding property with respect to a region in which an image is recorded is decreased, and images of various expression modes such as mentioned above cannot be recorded more vividly in some cases.

In contrast, by making the contrast ratio of the hiding layer be within the range mentioned above, the hiding property of the hiding layer can be improved, the difference in hiding property with respect to a region in which an image is recorded can be increased, and images of various expression modes such as mentioned above can be recorded more vividly.

To porosify the cured product more reliably and further improve the hiding property of the hiding layer, the volatile solvent is preferably volatilized with a delay with respect to progress of the curing reaction and especially preferably, the volatile solvent is volatilized after the curing reaction is substantially ended.

For this purpose, for example, the types and combination of the radical polymerizable components and the type and combination of the volatile solvent should be selected as appropriate.

Here, it is known that the hiding layer coating agent differs according to its color tone in relationship between condition of color development and hiding power.

For example, in a case of the three colors of cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y), lower limits of the contrast ratios are preferably respectively set within the following ranges each even within the range mentioned above to form the hiding layer having a higher hiding property.

Cyan: Not less than 50%, more preferably not less than 60%, and especially preferably not less than 75%.

Magenta: Not less than 50%, more preferably not less than 55%, and especially preferably not less than 65%.

Yellow: Not less than 50%, more preferably not less than 55%, and especially preferably not less than 60%.

Here, even if the contrast ratio is low with one time of printing, it is possible to improve the contrast ratio by printing repeatedly two times or three times.

Also, by using the monofunctional monomer in combination with the polyfunctional monomer, the cured product that forms the hiding layer can be imparted with a suitable flexibility.

Therefore, for example, the hiding layer laminated on the surface of the base sheet that is constituted, for example, of a bendable film or sheet of PET, PE, PP, etc., can be enhanced in followability with respect to bending of the base sheet and peeling, etc., of the hiding layer when the base sheet is bent, etc., can also be suppressed.

Consequently, the cured product can be porosified more reliably and the hiding property of the hiding layer can be enhanced further.

In addition, the monofunctional monomer is generally low in viscosity in comparison to the polyfunctional monomer and therefore, by using it in combination with the volatile solvent that likewise contributes to a decrease in viscosity, a viscosity of the hiding layer coating agent can be suppressed from increasing.

In particular, in a case of printing the hiding layer coating agent by an inkjet printing method, the viscosity thereof can be adjusted to be within the range suitable for discharge from a nozzle of an inkjet printer.

Here, the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer (hereinafter provided at times with the symbol “Rmh₃”) is restricted to not less than 30 mass % as stated above by the following reason.

That is, if the ratio Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is less than this range, the effect, due to selectively using the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), of improving the hiding property of the hiding layer cannot be obtained in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the ratio Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) within the range mentioned above, the hiding property of the hiding layer can be improved, the difference in hiding property with respect to a region in which an image is recorded can be increased, and images of various expression modes such as mentioned above can be recorded more vividly.

Also, the ratio of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components (hereinafter provided at times with the symbol “RS₃”) is restricted to not less than 5 mass % and not more than 70 mass % for the following reasons.

That is, if the ratio RS₃of the monofunctional monomer is less than this range, the effects, due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination, of imparting a suitable flexibility to the cured product, enhancing the rate of the curing reaction, and suppressing the overall viscosity of the hiding layer coating agent from increasing cannot be obtained in some cases.

Also, a scratch resistance of the hiding layer that is formed on the surface of an acrylic plate, a glass plate, or other base sheet that is hard is decreased and a scratch is formed readily on a surface of the hiding layer.

The hiding layer is basically solid-printed on the surface of the base sheet and therefore, even a small scratch is conspicuous and damages an aesthetic appearance of a recorded image in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio RS₃of the monofunctional monomer exceeds the range mentioned above, the polyfunctional monomer that becomes the base of a three-dimensional network structure becomes deficient relatively, the three-dimensional network structure that is formed becomes coarse, and the toughness of the cured product and an abrasion resistance of the hiding layer become insufficient in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the ratio RS₃of the monofunctional monomer within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to suppress the toughness of the cured product, the abrasion resistance associated therewith of the hiding layer, and the scratch resistance of the hiding layer from becoming insufficient even while maintaining the effects due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination.

Further, the ratio of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components (hereinafter provided at times with the symbol “RV₃”) is restricted to not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass % for the following reasons.

That is, if the ratio RV₃of the volatile solvent that becomes the base of porosifying the cured product is less than this range, the effect of porosifying the cured product to improve the hiding property of the hiding layer cannot be obtained in some cases.

Also, the ratio of the volatile solvent that contributes to the decrease in viscosity becomes insufficient such that the overall viscosity exceeds the range suitable for printing the hiding layer solvent by an inkjet printing method and a defect of not enabling satisfactory discharge from a nozzle of an inkjet printer (discharge defect) is caused in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio RV₃of the volatile solvent exceeds the range mentioned above, a solids concentration in the hiding layer coating agent becomes insufficient and consequently, the hiding layer having sufficient thickness and being excellent in abrasion resistance and scratch resistance cannot be formed on the surface of the base sheet in some cases.

In contrast, if the ratio RV₃of the volatile solvent is set within the range mentioned above, the overall viscosity of the hiding layer coating agent can be adjusted to be within the range suitable for discharge from a nozzle of an inkjet printer to suppress the occurrence of a discharge defect.

Moreover, the hiding layer that is excellent in abrasion resistance and scratch resistance and high in hiding property can also be formed.

These are also clear from the results of examples and comparative examples described below.

custom-character Radical Polymerizable Components

As mentioned above, as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer, one type or two or more types of the same high Tg polyfunctional monomers (II) cited as examples for the color ink can be used.

That is, although not restricted thereto, for example, the same high Tg polyfunctional monomers (I) cited as examples for the white ink can be cited and in addition, high Tg polyfunctional monomers with the glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C. but less than 60° C. can also be cited as specific examples of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II). One type or two or more types of these high Tg polyfunctional monomers (II) can be used.

As the monofunctional monomer, various monomers that are copolymerizable with the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and have just one radical polymerizable group in a single molecule can be used.

As other radical polymerizable components that may be used in combination with the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and the monofunctional monomer, for example, polyfunctional monomers that are difunctional or higher and have two or more radical polymerizable groups within a single molecule and have a glass transition temperature Tg of less than 40° C. and oligomers, etc., can be cited.

As mentioned above, the ratio Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer is restricted to not less than 30 mass %.

The reason is as has been mentioned above.

That is, by setting the ratio Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) within the range mentioned above, it be comes possible to improve the hiding property of the hiding layer due to the porosification of the cured product.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer is preferably not less than 50 mass % even within the range mentioned above.

Also, an upper limit of the ratio Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is not restricted in particular and the entire amount of the polyfunctional monomer may be the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

That is, the ratio Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer may be 100 mass %.

If the ratio Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is set to 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, it becomes possible to further improve the hiding property of the hiding layer due to the porosification of the cured product.

That is, in setting the ratio Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) to a predetermined value within the range mentioned above, the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer should be set such that the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer would be 100 mass %.

That is, the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer is preferably not less than 0 mass %, preferably not more than 70 mass %, and especially preferably not more than 50 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer.

Also, a ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in a total amount of the hiding layer coating agent is preferably not less than 8 mass % and preferably not more than 42.5 mass %.

If the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is less than this range, the above-described effect, due to selectively using the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), of improving the hiding property of the hiding layer cannot be obtained in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) exceeds the range mentioned above, although also depending on a ratio of the monofunctional monomer, the flexibility is decreased, the cured product becomes rigid and brittle, and the scratch resistance of the hiding layer constituted of the cured product becomes insufficient in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to further improve the hiding property of the hiding layer while suppressing the scratch resistance of the hiding layer from becoming insufficient.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent is preferably not less than 11 mass % and preferably not more than 40 mass % even within the range mentioned above.

Also, the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent is preferably not more than 17 mass % and especially preferably not more than 13 mass %.

Further, the scratch resistance of the hiding layer is decreased in some cases.

Here, a lower limit of the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer is not restricted in particular and it is possible, as mentioned above, for the entire amount of the polyfunctional monomer to be the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and the other polyfunctional monomer to be not included (to be excluded).

That is, the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer may be 0 mass % in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent.

The ratio RS₃of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components is restricted to not less than 5 mass % and not more than 70 mass %.

The reasons for this are also as have been described above.

That is, by setting the ratio RS₃of the monofunctional monomer within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to suppress the toughness of the cured product, the abrasion resistance associated therewith of the hiding layer, and the scratch resistance of the hiding layer from becoming insufficient even while maintaining the effects due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio RS₃of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components is preferably not less than 10 mass % and preferably not more than 65 mass % even within the range mentioned above.

Also, the ratio of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent is preferably not less than 2.3 mass % and preferably not more than 32 mass %.

That is, the effects of imparting a suitable flexibility to the cured product, enhancing the rate of the curing reaction, and suppressing the viscosity of the hiding layer coating agent from increasing cannot be obtained at times.

Also, the scratch resistance of the hiding layer is decreased in some cases.

Also, in some cases, the high Tg polyfunctional monomer becomes deficient and the effect of improving the hiding property of the hiding layer cannot be obtained sufficiently.

In contrast, by setting the ratio of the monofunctional monomer within the range mentioned above, the hiding property of the hiding layer can be improved further while maintaining the effects due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination and yet suppressing the toughness of the cured product, the abrasion resistance associated therewith of the hiding layer, and the scratch resistance of the hiding layer from becoming insufficient

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent is preferably not less than 3.3 mass % and preferably not more than 30 mass % even within the range mentioned above.

custom-character Colorant

The hiding layer may be a colorless semitransparent or colorless nontransparent layer having the hiding property due to the mechanism described above, that is, a layer of substantially white color or may be a colored semitransparent or colored nontransparent layer that is colored to an arbitrary color tone as mentioned above.

To color the hiding layer, a colorant of an arbitrary color tone should be blended in the hiding layer coating agent.

As the colorant, various pigments, dyes, etc., that are of respective colors besides white (except for white) can be used.

In particular, in consideration of improving light fastness of the color tone of the hiding layer or fastness of not losing color or not undergoing color migration, etc., even if the recording sheet is wetted with water or a solvent, etc., various inorganic pigments and/or organic pigments are preferable.

As the inorganic pigments and/or organic pigments, one type or two or more types of the same inorganic pigments and/or organic pigments cited as examples for the color ink can be used.

One type or two or more types of the pigments can be used in accordance with the color tone of the hiding layer.

The pigment may be surface-treated to improve dispersion stability in the hiding layer coating agent.

A dispersant, etc., may be added to the pigment dispersion to disperse the pigment satisfactorily.

As the dispersant, it is possible to use any of various dispersants, for example, polymer-based dispersants, surfactants, etc.

A ratio of the pigment or other colorant can be set arbitrarily in accordance with the type of the colorant, the color tone of the hiding layer, etc.

However, the ratio of the colorant is preferably not less than 4.8 mass % and preferably not more than 18 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

If the ratio of the colorant is less than this range, the coloring power of the colorant is too weak with respect to the above-described hiding power due to the cured product of the radical polymerizable components and the hiding layer having a sufficient color density cannot be formed in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio of the colorant exceeds the range mentioned above, especially in the case of a pigment, the overall viscosity of the hiding layer coating agent readily becomes too high or excess pigment readily aggregates within the hiding layer coating agent.

Therefore, in some cases, a discharge defect is caused readily, especially in a case of printing the hiding layer coating agent by an inkjet printing method.

Also, the curing of the hiding layer coating agent is impeded and the effect of improving the hiding property of the hiding layer due to porosification of the cured product cannot be obtained sufficiently or the hiding layer that is excellent in fixing property and abrasion resistance cannot be printed on the surface of the base sheet in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the ratio of the colorant within the range mentioned above, the overall viscosity of the hiding layer coating agent can be adjusted to be within the range suitable for discharge from a nozzle of an inkjet printer to suppress the occurrence of a discharge defect.

Moreover, the hiding layer that is excellent in fixing property and abrasion resistance, is high in hiding property, and yet has sufficient color density can be formed.

custom-character Binder Resin

A binder resin may be blended in the hiding layer coating agent to enhance the fixing property of the hiding layer with respect to the surface of the base sheet and the abrasion resistance of the hiding layer associated therewith.

As the binder resin, various binder resins that can be dissolved or dispersed satisfactorily in the volatile solvent or the radical polymerizable components can be used.

A ratio of the binder resin is preferably not less than 1 mass % and preferably not more than 10 mass % in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent.

If the ratio of the binder resin is less than this range, the effect of enhancing the fixing property of the hiding layer with respect to the surface of the base sheet and the abrasion resistance of the hiding layer associated therewith due to blending the binder resin cannot be obtained sufficiently in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio of the binder resin exceeds the range mentioned above, so-called cogation occurs in some cases, especially when the hiding layer coating agent is used in a thermal type inkjet printer.

In contrast, by setting the ratio of the binder resin within the range mentioned above, the fixing property of the hiding layer with respect to the surface of the base sheet and the abrasion resistance of the hiding layer associated therewith can be enhanced sufficiently while suppressing the occurrence of cogation.

custom-character Volatile Solvent

As the volatile solvent, various volatile solvents that can dissolve or disperse the radical polymerizable components and the binder resin satisfactorily and have volatility can be used.

In particular, a preferable volatile solvent is that which after printing on the surface of the base sheet is performed can volatilize preferably with a delay with respect to progress of the curing reaction of the radical polymerizable components and especially after the curing reaction is substantially ended.

Here, as the volatile solvent, it is preferable to selectively use that with which a difference in refractive index with respect to the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is as large as possible.

Specifically, it is preferable to selectively use a volatile solvent with which the difference ΔR in refractive index with respect to the refractive index of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is not less than ±0.03.

When a volatile solvent with which the difference ΔR is less than ±0.03 is used, there is a tendency for the hiding layer to be decreased in hiding property due to influence of the volatile solvent remaining in the cured product, especially immediately after being formed by coating the hiding layer coating agent on the surface of the base sheet and making the radical polymerizable components undergo the curing reaction.

In contrast, by selectively using a volatile solvent with which the difference ΔR is not less than ±0.03, decreasing of the hiding property of the hiding layer can be suppressed and the hiding layer can be imparted with a high hiding property from immediately after being formed.

As mentioned above, the ratio RV₃of the volatile solvent is restricted to not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

The reasons are as have been mentioned above.

That is, if the ratio RV₃of the volatile solvent is set within the range mentioned above, the hiding layer that has sufficient thickness, is excellent in scratch resistance, and is high in hiding property can be formed while suppressing the overall viscosity of the hiding layer coating agent to be within the range suitable for discharge to suppress the occurrence of a discharge defect.

Here, in consideration of improving the effects even more, the ratio RV₃of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components is preferably not less than 70 mass % and preferably not more than 370 mass % even within the range mentioned above.

Also, a ratio of the volatile solvent in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent is preferably not less than 30 mass %, especially preferably not less than 40 mass %, preferably not more than 75 mass %, and especially preferably not more than 72 mass %.

If the ratio of the volatile solvent is less than this range, the above-described effect of porosifying the cured product and improving the hiding property of the hiding layer cannot be obtained in some cases.

Also, the ratio of the volatile solvent that contributes to the decrease in viscosity becomes insufficient such that the viscosity of the hiding layer coating agent exceeds the range suitable for discharge from a nozzle of an inkjet printer and a discharge defect is caused in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio of the volatile solvent exceeds the range mentioned above, the solids concentration in the hiding layer coating agent becomes insufficient and consequently, the hiding layer having sufficient thickness and being excellent in scratch resistance cannot be formed on the surface of the base sheet in some cases.

In contrast, if the ratio of the volatile solvent is set within the range mentioned above, the hiding layer having sufficient thickness, being excellent in scratch resistance, and being high in hiding property can be formed while suppressing the overall viscosity of the hiding layer coating agent to be within the range suitable for discharge to suppress the occurrence of a discharge defect.

Also, a ratio of the other volatile solvent is preferably not more than 15 mass % in a total amount of the volatile solvent.

If the ratio of the other volatile solvent exceeds this range, the dissolving ability may become too strong and, for example, damage may be incurred on a head of an inkjet printer, etc.

In contrast, by setting the ratio of the other volatile solvent within the range mentioned above, the alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms can be aided in dissolving the radical polymerizable components and the binder resin and its dissolving ability can be controlled arbitrarily without incurring damage on a head of an inkjet printer.

custom-character Photo-Radical Polymerization Initiator

As specific examples of the photo-radical polymerization initiator, for example, one type or two or more types of the same various compounds, etc., cited as examples for the white ink can be used.

A ratio of the photo-radical polymerization initiator can be set arbitrarily.

However, in consideration of imparting the hiding layer coating agent with a satisfactory photocuring property, the ratio of the photo-radical polymerization initiator is preferably not less than 0.1 mass % and preferably not more than 12 mass % of the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent.

If two or more types of photo-radical polymerization initiators are to be used in combination, a ratio of a total thereof should be set within the range mentioned above.

custom-character Other Components

In addition to the respective components described above, various additives may further be blended in the hiding layer coating agent.

As the additives, for example, a sensitizer, a radical polymerization inhibitor, a surfactant, a tackifier, etc., can be cited.

{Recording Sheet}

The recording sheet according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is characterized in including the base sheet and the hiding layer that is constituted of the cured product of the hiding layer coating agent provided on the surface of the base sheet and has the hiding property.

The hiding layer may be formed on just one surface of the base sheet or may be formed on both surfaces of the base sheet.

custom-character Base Sheet

As the base sheet, as mentioned above, various sheets such as a bendable film or sheet of PET, PE, PP, etc., or an acrylic plate, a glass plate, or other base sheet that is hard, etc., can be used.

The base sheet may be in any state, for example, among colorless or colored and transparent, semitransparent, or nontransparent in accordance with the various expression modes described above.

Also, a surface of the base sheet, in particular, the surface on which the hiding layer is formed may be colored to an arbitrary color tone or a pattern may be printed in advance on the surface.

A thickness, size, etc., of the base sheet can be set arbitrarily in accordance with the expression mode and application of the recording sheet.

To enhance an adhesive property of the hiding layer, various substrate treatments may be applied to the surface of the base sheet on which the hiding layer is formed.

custom-character Hiding Layer

Although not restricted in particular, the thickness of the hiding layer is preferably not less than 1 μm, especially preferably not less than 3 μm, preferably not more than 20 μm, and especially preferably not more than 15 μm.

If the thickness is less than this range, the hiding layer cannot be imparted with a sufficient hiding property in some cases.

Also, the abrasion resistance of the hiding layer becomes insufficient in some cases.

On the other hand, if the thickness exceeds the range mentioned above, the followability of the hiding layer that is formed, for example, on the surface of the bendable base sheet mentioned above is decreased and the hiding layer becomes easily peeled, etc., due to bending of the base sheet in some cases.

Also, in some cases, a formed image cannot be made transparent sufficiently, especially if a discharge amount of an image recording ink is low.

In contrast, by setting the thickness within the range mentioned above, the hiding layer can be imparted with a satisfactory followability with respect to the base sheet and a formed image can be made transparent sufficiently even if the discharge amount of the ink is low.

Moreover, the hiding layer can also be imparted with a high abrasion resistance, hiding property, etc.

In particular, even within the range mentioned above, the greater the thickness of the hiding layer is made, the more the hiding property of the hiding layer can be improved.

{Method for Manufacturing Recording Sheet}

The method for manufacturing the recording sheet according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is characterized in including the step of forming the hiding layer by coating the hiding layer coating agent on the surface of the base sheet and thereafter the step of causing the curing reaction by exposure to ultraviolet rays.

A method for coating the hiding layer coating agent on the surface of the base sheet is not restricted in particular and various coating methods such as a bar coating method, spray coating method, etc., can be adopted.

However, to form the hiding layer that is uniform in thickness and yet thin, it is preferable to print the hiding layer coating agent on the surface of the base sheet by an inkjet printing method using, for example, an inkjet printer that is of a drop-on-demand type and is of a thermal type or piezo type.

By the inkjet printing method, the hiding layer can be formed not just solidly across an entirety of the surface of the base sheet but it is also possible to form it, for example, to an arbitrary planar shape.

In printing the hiding layer by the inkjet printing method, the resolution of printing, although not restricted thereto, is preferably set to not less than 300×300 dpi.

If a dot density is less than this range, the number of dots is too few, the thickness of the hiding layer formed on the surface of the base sheet is insufficient, the hiding property of the hiding layer is decreased, and images of various expression modes such as mentioned above cannot be recorded more vividly in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the dot density within the range mentioned above, the hiding layer having sufficient thickness and being excellent in hiding property can be formed on the surface of the base sheet and images of various expression modes such as mentioned above can be recorded more vividly.

Also, if the hiding layer is to be formed by another coating method, a coating thickness of the hiding layer coating agent is preferably not less than 1 μm and preferably not more than 20 μm.

If the coating thickness is less than the range mentioned above, the thickness of the hiding layer formed on the surface of the base sheet is insufficient, the hiding property of the hiding layer is decreased, and images of various expression modes such as mentioned above cannot be recorded more vividly in some cases.

On the other hand, if the coating thickness exceeds the range mentioned above, the thickness of the hiding layer formed on the surface of the base sheet is too great and a discharge amount of an image recording ink must be increased to sufficiently decrease the hiding property of a region in which an image is recorded.

Defects such as decreasing of vividness of a recorded image, etc., are thus caused in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the coating thickness within the range mentioned above, the hiding layer that has a sufficient hiding property and yet enables the hiding property of the region in which an image is recorded to be decreased satisfactorily by discharge of a small amount of an image recording ink to enable images of various expression modes to be recorded more vividly can be formed.

To expose the coated hiding layer, for example, an LED curing lamp or a UV lamp, etc., can be used.

The hiding layer after curing can thereby be imparted with a high hiding property by the mechanism described above.

<<Recorded Product, Method for Manufacturing the Same and Image Recording Ink>>

{Recorded Product and Method for Manufacturing the Same}

A recorded product according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that a transparent or semitransparent image is recorded on the hiding layer of the recording sheet.

The recorded product can be manufactured by a manufacturing method for manufacturing that includes a step of recording the image on the hiding layer by an inkjet printing method using an image recording ink that is colorless or colored and is transparent or semitransparent.

For the recording of the image by the inkjet printing method, inkjet printers of various types, for example, an inkjet printer of a continuous type or an inkjet printer of a drop-on-demand type, etc., can be used.

{Image Recording Ink}

As an image recording ink according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, various inks that are capable of recording an image by the inkjet printing method using the various inkjet printers mentioned above and yet with which the hiding property of the region of the hiding layer in which the image is recorded can be selectively decreased by the mechanism described above can be used.

That is, as the image recording ink, an ink that is colorless or has color due to being colored by a dye, pigment, etc., and is transparent or semitransparent and contains a transparent or semitransparent binder resin or precursor thereof that is capable of filling interiors of pores of the hiding layer to suppress diffuse reflection of light can be used.

Also, as the image recording ink, either of a dry-solidified type ink that is solidified and fixed to the hiding layer by being dried after recording and a photocuring ink that has a photocuring property and can be made to undergo a curing reaction by exposure to ultraviolet rays, etc., after recording can be used.

A photocuring ink is especially preferable.

By using the photocuring ink as the image recording ink, the toughness and the abrasion resistance of the hiding layer after image recording can be improved.

As the photocuring ink, various inks that are nonsolvent based, water based, or solvent based, etc., and contain a monomer or an oligomer as a precursor of a binder resin can be cited.

Among these, the photocuring ink that is nonsolvent based can be used favorably, for example, in an inkjet printer that is of the drop-on-demand type and is of the piezo type, etc.

On the other hand, the photocuring ink that is water based or solvent based can be used favorably in various inkjet printers not just of the piezo type but also of the thermal type, etc., because it is easily decreased in viscosity and the water or the solvent also becomes a material for bubble formation by heating.

Especially in consideration of a drying property, etc., of the ink, the photocuring ink that is solvent based is more preferable than that which is water based.

Although not restricted thereto, for example, an ink that contain radical polymerizable components including a difunctional or higher polyfunctional monomer and a monofunctional monomer, a volatile solvent, and a photo-radical polymerization initiator and with which the polyfunctional monomer excludes a high Tg polyfunctional monomer with a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C. or includes the high Tg polyfunctional monomer at a ratio of less than 30 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer can be cited as the photocuring ink that is solvent based.

As the radical polymerization components in the photocuring ink that is solvent based the same various monomers and oligomers as those used in the hiding layer coating agent can be used.

Also, even in regard to the volatile solvent and the photo-radical polymerization initiator, the same volatile solvent and photo-radical polymerization initiator as those used in the hiding layer coating agent can be used.

The same also applies to other components.

In addition to the respective components mentioned above, additives such as, for example, a sensitizer, a radical polymerization inhibitor, a surfactant, a tackifier, a colorant, etc., can be blended in the photocuring ink.

Even in regard to these additives, the same components as those used in the hiding layer coating agent can be used.

Unlike the hiding layer coating agent, the photocuring ink excludes the high Tg polyfunctional monomer or contains the high Tg polyfunctional monomer at a ratio (Rmh₄) of just less than 30 mass % and thereby, the forming of a porous structure by the mechanism described above during the curing reaction can be suppressed.

The cured product can thus be made transparent or semitransparent to selectively and satisfactorily decrease the hiding property of the region of the hiding layer in which an image is recorded.

A ratio in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer of another polyfunctional monomer besides the high Tg polyfunctional monomer is a remaining amount after the high Tg polyfunctional monomer.

That is, in setting the ratio Rmh₄of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer to a predetermined value within the range mentioned above, the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer should be set such that the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer would be 100 mass %.

That is, the ratio of the other polyfunctional monomer preferably exceeds 70 mass % but is not more than 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer.

As described above, the monofunctional monomer functions to impart a suitable flexibility to the cured product, enhance the rate of the curing reaction, and suppress an overall viscosity of the photocuring ink from increasing.

A ratio of the monofunctional monomer in a total amount of the radical polymerizable components (RS₄) is preferably not less than 5 mass %, especially preferably not less than 10 mass %, preferably not more than 70 mass %, and especially preferably not more than 60 mass %.

If the ratio RS₄of the monofunctional monomer is less than this range, the functions due to using the monofunctional monomer cannot be obtained sufficiently in some cases.

Also, especially with the hiding layer that is formed on the surface of an acrylic plate, a glass plate, or other base sheet that is hard, the region in which an image is recorded is decreased in scratch resistance and a scratch is formed readily on a surface of the region.

On the other hand, if the ratio RS₄of the monofunctional monomer exceeds the range mentioned above, the polyfunctional monomer that becomes the base of a three-dimensional network structure becomes deficient relatively, the three-dimensional network structure that is formed becomes coarse, and the toughness of the cured product becomes insufficient in some cases.

In contrast, by setting the ratio RS₄of the monofunctional monomer within the range mentioned above, it becomes possible to suppress the toughness of the cured product and the abrasion resistance and the scratch resistance of the region of the hiding layer in which an image is recorded from becoming insufficient even while maintaining the effects due to using the monofunctional monomer in combination.

A ratio of the volatile solvent (RV₄) is preferably not less than 20 mass %, especially preferably not less than 30 mass %, preferably not more than 400 mass %, and especially preferably not more than 350 mass %.

If the ratio RV₄of the volatile solvent that contributes to the decrease in viscosity is less than this range, the overall viscosity of the photocuring ink exceeds a range suitable for the inkjet printing method and a discharge defect is caused in some cases.

On the other hand, if the ratio RV₄of the volatile solvent exceeds the range mentioned above, a solids concentration in the photocuring ink becomes insufficient and consequently, the hiding property of the region of the hiding layer in which an image is recorded cannot be decreased sufficiently in some cases.

In contrast, if the ratio RV₄of the volatile solvent is set within the range mentioned above, the overall viscosity of the photocuring ink can be adjusted to be within the range suitable for discharge from a nozzle of an inkjet printer to suppress the occurrence of a discharge defect.

Moreover, the hiding property of the region of the hiding layer in which an image is recorded can be decreased sufficiently and images of various expression modes such as mentioned above can be recorded more vividly.

The image recording inks such as the photocuring ink containing the respective components described above, etc., can be used favorably widely in the various inkjet printers mentioned above.

Also, to expose an image recorded on the surface of the hiding layer, for example, an LED curing lamp or a UV lamp, etc., can be used.

EXAMPLES

Although the present invention shall now be described based on examples and comparative examples, the arrangement of the present invention is not necessarily restricted to these examples.

<<White Inks>>

Example 1-1

The respective components indicated below were blended at the ratios shown in Table 1 and after stirring until sufficiently dissolved, filtration using a 5 μm membrane filter was performed to prepare a white ink.

(Radical Polymerizable Components)

High Tg polyfunctional monomer (I): tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanate triacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR368NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; trifunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 272° C.; refractive index: 1.449

Monofunctional monomer: ethoxylated phenyl acrylate custom-character EBECRYL (registered trademark) 110 manufactured by Daicel-Allnex Ltd.; EQ 2 mol

(Binder Resin)

Polyamide resin: Versamid 725 manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.

(Volatile Solvent)

Ethanol custom-character Refractive index: 1.361

(Photo-radical Polymerization Initiator)

2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide custom-character SpeedCure (registered trademark) TPO manufactured by Lambson Japan Co., Ltd.

(Other Components)

Sensitizer: 2-isopropylthioxanthone custom-character SpeedCure 2-ITX manufactured by Lambson Japan Co., Ltd.

Radical polymerization inhibitor: Florstab UV-5 manufactured by Kromachem Ltd.

Surfactant: silicone acrylate based surfactant

TABLE 1

Component
Mass %

High Tg polyfunctional monomer (I)
SR368NS
15

Monofunctional monomer
EBECRYL 110
15

Binder resin
Polyamide resin
3

Volatile solvent
Ethanol
60

Photo-radical polymerization initiator
TPO
5.5

Sensitizer
2-ITX
0.3

Radical polymerization inhibitor
UV-5
1

Surfactant
Silicone acrylate based
0.2

Total amount
100

The ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) was 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, the ratio RS, of the monofunctional monomer was 50 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvent was 200 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Example 1-2

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, the same amount of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR295NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; tetrafunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 103° C.; refractive index: 1.478 as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I).

The ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) was 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer was 50 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvent was 200 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR295NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.117.

Example 1-3

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, custom-character the same amount of pentaerythritol triacrylate SARTOMER SR444NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; trifunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 103° C.; refractive index: 1.480 as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I).

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR444NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.119.

Example 1-4

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, custom-character the same amount of dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate SARTOMER SR399NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; pentafunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 90° C.; refractive index: 1.4898 as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I).

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR399NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.128.

Example 1-5

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, the same amount of trimethylolpropane triacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR351NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; trifunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 62° C.; refractive index: 1.47as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I).

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR351NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.111.

Example 1-6

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, the same amount of tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate (SARTOMER SR833NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; difunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 186° C.; refractive index: 1.505) as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I).

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR833NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.144.

Comparative Example 1-1

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I), the same amount of ethoxylated (20) trimethylolpropane triacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR415 manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; trifunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 38° C..

The ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) was 0 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer was 50 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvent was 200 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

Example 1-7

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of setting the ratio of ethanol as a volatile solvent to 55 mass % in the total amount of the white ink and further blending 1-butanol custom-character refractive index: 1.399 at a ratio of 5 mass % in the total amount of the white ink.

The ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) was 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer was 50 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvents was 200 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the main solvent in the volatile solvents was 0.088.

Example 1-8

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of setting the ratio of ethanol as a volatile solvent to 55 mass % in the total amount of the white ink and further blending acetone custom-character refractive index: 1.359 at a ratio of 5 mass % in the total amount of the white ink.

The ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) was 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer was 50 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvents was 200 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the main solvent in the volatile solvents was 0.088.

Example 1-9

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of setting the ratio of ethanol as a volatile solvent to 55 mass % in the total amount of the PGP-18 T white ink and further blending ethyl acetate custom-character refractive index: 1.37 at a ratio of 5 mass % in the total amount of the white ink.

The ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) was 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer was 50 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvents was 200 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the main solvent in the volatile solvents was 0.088.

Example 1-10

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of setting the ratio of ethanol as a volatile solvent to 55 mass % in the total amount of the white ink and further blending cyclohexanone custom-character refractive index: 1.426 at a ratio of 5 mass % in the total amount of the white ink.

The ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) was 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer was 50 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvents was 200 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the main solvent in the volatile solvents was 0.088.

Example 1-11

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of blending, in place of ethanol, the same amount of cyclohexanone custom-character refractive index: 1.426 as the volatile solvent.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and cyclohexanone as the volatile solvent was 0.023.

Comparative Example 1-2

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of blending, in place of ethanol as the volatile solvent, the same amount of ultrapure water.

The ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) was 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer was 50 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvent was 0 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

Example 1-12

The ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) was 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer was 50 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvent was 210 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Example 1-13

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of not blending the polyamide resin as the binder resin and besides setting the ratio of ethanol as the volatile solvent to 63 mass % in the total amount of the white ink and moreover blending, in place of EBECRYL 110, the same amount of N-vinyl-E-caprolactam (VCAP) as the monofunctional monomer.

The ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) was 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer was 50 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvent was 210 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Examples 1-14 to 1-18 and Comparative Examples 1-3 and 1-4

White inks were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of setting the ratios in the total amount of the white ink of SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I), EBECRYL 110 as the monofunctional monomer, and ethanol as the volatile solvent respectively to the values shown in Table 2.

The ratios Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I), the ratios RS₁of the monofunctional monomer, and the ratios RV₁of the volatile solvent were respectively as shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

Comparative

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

1-3
1-14
1-15
1-16
1-17
1-18
1-4

Blending
SR368NS
32
30
25
22
10
9
8

amount
EBECRYL
32
30
25
22
10
9
8

(mass %)
110

Ethanol
26
30
40
46
70
72
74

Ratio
Rmh₁
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

(mass %)
RS₁
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

RV₁
40.6
50
80
104.5
350
400
462.5

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Examples 1-19 to 1-22, Comparative Example 1-5

White inks were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of setting the ratios of ethanol as the volatile solvent to 45 mass % in the total amount of the white ink, setting the ratios in the total amount of the white ink of SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) respectively to the values shown in Table 3, and further blending 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR238F manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; difunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 43° C. as another polyfunctional monomer at the ratios shown in the same Table.

The ratios Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I), the ratios RS₁of the monofunctional monomer, and the ratios RV₁of the volatile solvent were respectively as shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

1-5
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22

Blending
SR368NS
10
15
20
25
30

amount
SR238F
20
15
10
5
—

(mass %)

Ratio
Rmh₁
33.3
50
66.7
83.3
100

(mass %)
RS₁
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.3

RV₁
100
100
100
100
100

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Examples 1-23 to 1-26, Comparative Examples 1-6 and 1-7

White inks were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of setting the ratios of ethanol as the volatile solvent to 45 mass % in the total amount of the white ink and setting the ratios of SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and EBECRYL 110 as the monofunctional monomer respectively to the values shown in Table 4.

The ratios Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I), the ratios RS₁of the monofunctional monomer, and the ratios RV₁of the volatile solvent were respectively as shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4

Comparative

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

1-6
1-23
1-24
1-25
1-26
1-7

Blending
SR368NS
39
38
35
16
14
12

amount
EBECRYL
6
7
10
29
31
33

(mass %)
110

Ratio
Rmh₁
100
100
100
100
100
100

(mass %)
RS₁
13.3
15.6
22.2
64.4
68.9
73.3

RV₁
100
100
100
100
100
100

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Example 1-27

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of blending, in place of the custom-character polyamide resin, the same amount of an acrylic resin NeoCryl B-813 manufactured by DSM Co., Ltd. as the binder resin.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Example 1-28

A white ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-1 with the exception of blending, in place of the custom-character polyamide resin, the same amount of a phenol resin PHENOLITE TD-2106 manufactured by DIC Corp. as the binder resin.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Examples 1-29 to 1-32

White inks were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1-28 with the exception of setting the ratios of ethanol as the volatile solvent and the ratios of the phenol resin as the binder resin respectively to the values shown in Table 5.

The ratios Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I), the ratios RS₁of the monofunctional monomer, and the ratios RV₁of the volatile solvent were respectively as shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5

Example
Example
Example
Example

1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32

Blending
Ethanol
62
61
56
53

amount
Phenol resin
1
2
7
10

(mass %)

Ratio
Rmh₁
100
100
100
100

(mass %)
RS₁
50
50
50
50

RV₁
206.7
203.3
186.7
176.7

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Using the white inks prepared in the respective examples and comparative examples described above in an inkjet printer, printing on a surface of a printing object was performed under ordinary temperature (5 to 35° C.), and within 0.15 seconds from printing, the curing reaction was made to occur by exposure using an LED curing lamp. A resolution of printing was set to 600×600 dpi.

The L value that represents the whiteness of a character printed using each white ink was determined by the method described above.

That is, a solidly printed surface of 0.5×0.5 inches was formed on a surface of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film as the printing object under the printing and exposure conditions described above.

Next, the L value of the solidly printed surface that was formed was measured using the handheld colorimeter custom-character X-rite (registered trademark) eXact manufactured by Videojet X-Rite K. K. and the whiteness was evaluated by the following standards.

∘∘∘: The L value was not less than 70.

∘∘: The L value was not less than 60 but less than 70.

∘: The L value was not less than 50 but less than 60.

Δ: The L value was not less than 40 but less than 50.

x: The L value was less than 40.

A character of approximately 8.5 pt was formed on a surface of a PET film as the printing object under the printing and exposure conditions described above.

Next, the state of the formed character when it was rubbed a plurality of times with a cotton swab was observed and the abrasion resistance was evaluated by the following standards.

∘: The character was legible even upon being rubbed 10 times by the cotton swab.

Δ: The character became illegible upon being rubbed 4 times to 9 times.

x: The character became illegible upon being rubbed 1 to 3 times.

A barcode was formed on a surface of a PET film of 5 μm thickness as the printing object under the printing and exposure conditions described above.

Next, upon folding the PET film in a direction orthogonal to fine lines of the formed barcode and then spreading it again, the state of the fine lines was observed, reading by a barcode reader was performed, and followability was evaluated by the following standards.

∘: No breaks or chipping were seen in the fine lines and reading by the barcode reader was also possible.

Δ: Although slight breaks or chipping were seen in the fine lines, reading by the barcode reader was possible.

x: Large breaks or chipping were seen in the fine lines and reading by the barcode reader was not possible.

A character was formed on a surface of a PET film as the printing object under the printing and exposure conditions described above. The formed character was then observed and the discharge property was evaluated by the following standards.

∘: The character was without any blur, etc., and was clearly legible.

Δ: Although some blurring of the character was seen, it was legible.

x: The character was severely blurred and was illegible.

The results of the above are shown in Table 6 to Table 13.

TABLE 6

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
103
103
90
62

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
4
3
5
3

components
monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
15
15
15
15
15

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
EBECRYL
15
15
15
15
15

monomer
110

(mass %)
VCAP
—
—
—
—
—

Binder
Polyamide resin
3
3
3
3
3

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
60
60
60
60
60

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)
—
—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₁
100
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₁
50
50
50
50
50

components
RV₁
200
200
200
200
200

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.117
0.119
0.128
0.111

Evaluation
Whiteness
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘
∘∘
∘

Abrasion resistance
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Discharge property
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 7

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

1-6
1-1
1-7
1-8
1-9

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
186
—
272
272
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
2
—
3
3
3

components
monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
15
—
15
15
15

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
38
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
3
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
15
—
—
—

Monofunctional
EBECRYL
15
15
15
15
15

monomer
110

(mass %)
VCAP
—
—
—
—
—

Binder
Polyamide resin
3
3
3
3
3

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
60
60
55
55
55

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
5
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
5
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
5

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)
—
—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₁
100
0
100
100
100

respective
RS₁
50
50
50
50
50

components
RV₁
200
200
200
200
200

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.144
—
0.088
0.088
0.088

Evaluation
Whiteness
Δ
x
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘

Abrasion resistance
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Discharge property
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 8

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

1-10
1-11
1-2
1-12
1-13

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3
3

components
monomer (I)
functional

groups

Mass %
15
15
15
15
15

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
EBECRYL
15
15
15
15
—

monomer
110

(mass %)
VCAP
—
—
—
—
15

Binder
Polyamide resin
3
3
3
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
55
—
—
63
63

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
5
60
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)
—
—
60
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₁
100
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₁
50
50
50
50
50

components
RV₁
200
200
0
210
210

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.023
—
0.088
0.088

Evaluation
Whiteness
∘∘∘
∘
x
∘∘∘
∘∘∘

Abrasion resistance
∘
∘
x
Δ
∘

Followability
∘
∘
x
∘
∘

Discharge property
∘
Δ
x
∘
∘

TABLE 9

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

1-3
1-14
1-15
1-16
1-17

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3
3

components
monomer (I)
functional

groups

Mass %
32
30
25
22
10

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
EBECRYL
32
30
25
22
10

monomer
110

(mass %)
VCAP
—
—
—
—
—

Binder
Polyamide resin
3
3
3
3
3

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
26
30
40
46
70

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)
—
—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₁
100
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₁
50
50
50
50
50

components
RV₁
40.6
50
80
104.5
350

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Evaluation
Whiteness
x
∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘

Abrasion resistance
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Discharge property
x
Δ
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 10

Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

1-18
1-4
1-5
1-19
1-20

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3
3

components
monomer (I)
functional

groups

Mass %
9
8
10
15
20

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
43
43
43

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
2
2
2

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
20
15
10

Monofunctional
EBECRYL
9
8
15
15
15

monomer
110

(mass %)
VCAP
—
—
—
—
—

Binder
Polyamide resin
3
3
3
3
3

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
72
74
45
45
45

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)
—
—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₁
100
100
33.3
50
66.7

respective
RS₁
50
50
33.3
33.3
33.3

components
RV₁
400
462.5
100
100
100

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Evaluation
Whiteness
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
x
∘∘
∘∘∘

Abrasion resistance
Δ
x
∘
∘
∘

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Discharge property
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 11

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

1-21
1-22
1-6
1-23
1-24

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3
3

components
monomer (I)
functional

groups

Mass %
25
30
39
38
35

Other
Tg (° C.)
43
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
2
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
5
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
EBECRYL
15
15
6
7
10

monomer
110

(mass %)
VCAP
—
—
—
—
—

Binder
Polyamide resin
3
3
3
3
3

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
45
45
45
45
45

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)
—
—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₁
83.3
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₁
33.3
33.3
13.3
15.6
22.2

components
RV₁
100
100
100
100
100

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Evaluation
Whiteness
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘

Abrasion resistance
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Followability
∘
∘
x
Δ
∘

Discharge property
∘
∘
x
Δ
∘

TABLE 12

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

1-25
1-26
1-7
1-27
1-28

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3
3

components
monomer (I)
functional

groups

Mass %
16
14
12
15
15

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
EBECRYL
29
31
33
15
15

monomer
110

(mass %)
VCAP
—
—
—
—
—

Binder
Polyamide resin
3
3
3
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
3
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
3

Volatile
Ethanol
45
45
45
60
60

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)
—
—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₁
100
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₁
64.4
68.9
73.3
50
50

components
RV₁
100
100
100
200
200

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Evaluation
Whiteness
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘

Abrasion resistance
∘
Δ
x
∘
∘

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Discharge property
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 13

Example
Example
Example
Example

1-29
1-30
1-31
1-32

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3

components
monomer (I)
functional

groups

Mass %
15
15
15
15

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
EBECRYL
15
15
15
15

monomer
110

(mass %)
VCAP
—
—
—
—

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
1
2
7
10

Volatile
Ethanol
62
61
56
53

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)
—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₁
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₁
50
50
50
50

components
RV₁
206.7
203.3
186.7
176.7

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Evaluation
Whiteness
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘

Abrasion resistance
Δ
∘
∘
∘

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘

Discharge property
∘
∘
∘
Δ

From the results of Examples 1-1 to 1-32 and Comparative Examples 1-1 and 1-2 in Table 6 to Table 13, it was found that the white ink

- must contain radical polymerizable components, a volatile solvent, and a photo-radical polymerization initiator and
- must contain, as the radical polymerizable components among these, a difunctional or higher polyfunctional monomer and a monofunctional monomer and the polyfunctional monomer must include the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) with the glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 60° C.

Also, especially from the results of Examples 1-1 and 1-19 to 1-22 and Comparative Example 1-5, it was found that the ratio Rmh₁of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) must be not less than 50 mass % and is especially preferably not less than 65 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer.

From the results of Examples 1-1 and 1-23 to 1-26 and Comparative Examples 1-6 and 1-7, it was found that the ratio RS₁of the monofunctional monomer must be not less than 15 mass % and not more than 70 mass %, is especially preferably not less than 20 mass %, and is preferably not more than 65 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

From the results of Examples 1-1 and 1-14 to 1-18 and Comparative Examples 1-3 and 1-4, it was found that the ratio RV₁of the volatile solvent must be not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass %, is especially preferably not less than 70 mass %, and is preferably not more than 370 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

From the results of Examples 1-1 to 1-6, it was found that as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I),

- it is preferable to selectively use a compound that is trifunctional or higher and more preferably a compound that is trifunctional or higher and has a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 90° C. and
- especially, it is even more preferable to selectively use a compound that is trifunctional or higher and has a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 200° C. and not more than 300° C. or a compound that is tetrafunctional or higher and has a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 100° C. but less than 200° C.

From the results of Examples 1-1 and 1-7 to 1-11, it was found that as the volatile solvent,

- an alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms may be used alone or an alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms may be used in combination with an alcohol with 4 carbon atoms or more, a ketone, an ester, or an ether as another volatile solvent and
- in the case of combined use, the ratio of the other volatile solvent is preferably not more than 10 mass % in the total amount of the volatile solvents.

Also, from the results of Examples 1-1 to 1-6 and 1-7 to 1-11, it was found that as the volatile solvent, it is preferable to selectively use a volatile solvent with which the difference ΔR in refractive index with respect to the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (I) is not less than ±0.03.

From the results of Examples 1-1, 1-12, and 1-13, it was found that it is preferable for the white ink to contain vinylcaprolactam as the monofunctional monomer and/or to contain a binder resin.

From the results of Examples 1-1, 1-27, and 1-28, it was found that a polyamide resin, an acrylic resin, a phenol resin, etc., is usable as the binder resin.

Further, from the results of Examples 1-29 to 1-32, it was found that the ratio of a phenol resin or other binder resin is preferably not less than 1 mass %, especially preferably not less than 1.5 mass %, preferably not more than 10 mass %, and especially preferably not more than 8 mass % in the total amount of the white ink.

<<Color Inks>>

Example 2-1

(Preparation of Cyan Pigment Dispersion)

The respective components indicated below were blended at the ratios shown in Table 14, stirred, and thereafter dispersed using a beads mill to prepare a cyan pigment dispersion (hereinafter indicated at times as “B-01” as the type of dispersion).

Pigment: C. I. pigment blue 15:4

Dispersant: DISPERBYK (registered trademark)-145 (solids content: 100%) manufactured by BYK-Chemie Japan K. K.

Dispersion medium: Ethanol

TABLE 14

Component
Mass %

Pigment
15

Dispersant
5

Dispersion medium
80

(Preparation of Color Ink)

The respective components indicated below were blended at the ratios shown in Table 15 and stirred until sufficiently dissolved, and then after adding the priorly prepared pigment dispersion B-01 at the ratio shown in Table 15 and stirring further, filtration using a 5 μm membrane filter was performed to prepare a color ink.

Radical Polymerizable Components

High Tg polyfunctional monomer (II): tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanate triacrylate(SARTOMER SR368NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; trifunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 272° C.; refractive index: 1.449)

Monofunctional monomer: N-vinyl-ϵ-caprolactam (VCAP) Volatile Solvent

Ethanol custom-character Refractive index: 1.361

Photo-radical Polymerization Initiator

2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide custom-character SpeedCure (registered trademark) TPO manufactured by Lambson Japan Co., Ltd.

Other Components

Sensitizer: 2-isopropythioxanthone custom-character SpeedCure 2-ITX manufactured by Lambson Japan Co., Ltd.

Radical polymerization inhibitor: Florstab UV-5 manufactured by Kromachem Ltd.

Surfactant: silicone acrylate based surfactant

TABLE 15

Component
Mass %

Pigment dispersion
B-01
20

High Tg polyfunctional monomer (II)
SR368NS
25

Monofunctional monomer
VCAP
5

Volatile solvent
Ethanol
43

Photo-radical polymerization initiator
TPO
5.4

Sensitizer
2-ITX
0.8

Radical polymerization inhibitor
UV-5
0.5

Surfactant
Silicone acrylate based
0.3

Total amount
100

The ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 100 mass %, the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass %, and the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 196.7 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Example 2-2

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, the same amount of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR295NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; tetrafunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 103° C.; refractive index: 1.478 as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR295NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.117.

Example 2-3

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, the same amount of pentaerythritol triacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR444NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; trifunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 103° C.; refractive index: 1.480 as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR444NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.119.

Example 2-4

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, the same amount of dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR399NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; pentafunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 90° C.; refractive index: 1.489 the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR399NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.128.

Example 2-5

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, the same amount of trimethylolpropane triacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR351NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; trifunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 62° C.; refractive index: 1.472 as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR351NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.111.

Example 2-6

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, the same amount of tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR833NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; difunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 186° C.; refractive index: 1.505 as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR833NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.144.

Example 2-7

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, custom-character the same amount of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate SARTOMER SR238NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; difunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 43° C.; refractive index: 1.456 as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR238NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.095.

Comparative Example 2-1

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), the same amount of ethoxylated (20) trimethylolpropane triacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR415 manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; trifunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 38° C..

The ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 0 mass %, the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass %, and the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 196.7 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

Comparative Example 2-2

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), the same amount of propoxylated (2) neopentyl glycol diacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR9003NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; difunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 32° C..

Example 2-8

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of setting a ratio of ethanol as a volatile solvent to 38 mass % in the total amount of the color ink and further blending 1-butanol custom-character refractive index: 1.399 at a ratio of 5 mass % in the total amount of the color ink.

The ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 100 mass %, the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass %, and the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvents with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 196.7 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the main solvent in the volatile solvents was 0.088.

Example 2-9

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of setting the ratio of ethanol as a volatile solvent to 38 mass % in the total amount of the color ink and further blending acetone custom-character Refractive index: 1.359 at a ratio of 5 mass % in the total amount of the color ink.

The ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 100 mass %, the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass %, and the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvents with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 196.7 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the main solvent in the volatile solvents was 0.088.

Example 2-10

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of setting the ratio of ethanol as a volatile solvent to 38 mass % in the total amount of the color ink and further blending ethyl acetate custom-character Refractive index: 1.372 at a ratio of 5 mass % in the total amount of the color ink.

The ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 100 mass %, the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass %, and the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvents with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 196.7 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the main solvent in the volatile solvents was 0.088.

Example 2-11

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of setting the ratio of ethanol as a volatile solvent to 38 mass % in the total amount of the color ink and further blending cyclohexanone custom-character refractive index: 1.42 at a ratio of 5 mass % in the total amount of the color ink.

The ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 100 mass %, the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass %, and the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvents with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 196.7 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the main solvent in the volatile solvents was 0.088.

Example 2-12

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of blending, in place of ethanol, the same amount of cyclohexanone custom-character Refractive index: 1.426 as the volatile solvent.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and cyclohexanone as the volatile solvent was 0.023.

Comparative Example 2-3

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of blending, in place of ethanol as the volatile solvent, the same amount of ultrapure water.

The ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 100 mass %, the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass %, and the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 53.3 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

Example 2-13

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of blending a polyamide resin custom-character Versamid 725 manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd. as a binder resin at a ratio of 3 mass % in the total amount of the color ink, blending, in place of VCAP, the same amount of ethoxylated phenyl acrylate EBECRYL (registered trademark) 110 manufactured by Daicel-Allnex Ltd.; EQ 2 mol as the monofunctional monomer, and setting the ratio of ethanol as the volatile solvent to 40 mass % in the total amount of the color ink.

The ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 100 mass %, the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass %, and the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 186.7 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Example 2-14

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-13 with the exception of blending, in place of the polyamide resin, the same amount of an acrylic resin custom-character NeoCryl B-813 manufactured by DSM Co., Ltd. as the binder resin.

The ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 100 mass %, the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass %, and the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 186.7 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Example 2-15

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-13 with the exception of blending, in place of the polyamide resin, the same amount of a phenol resin custom-character PHENOLITE TD-2106 manufactured by DIC Corp. as the binder resin.

The ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 100 mass %, the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass %, and the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 186.7 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Examples 2-16 to 2-19

Color inks were prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-13 with the exception of setting the ratios in the total amount of the color ink of the polyamide resin as the binder resin and ethanol as the volatile solvent respectively to the values shown in Table 16.

The ratios Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), the ratios RS₂of the monofunctional monomer, and the ratios RV₂of the volatile solvent including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion were respectively as shown in Table 16.

TABLE 16

Example
Example
Example
Example

2-16
2-17
2-18
2-19

Blending
Polyamide
1
2
7
10

amount
resin

(mass %)
Ethanol
42
41
36
33

Ratio
Rmh₂
100
100
100
100

(mass %)
RS₂
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7

RV₂
193.3
190.0
173.3
163.3

Also, the differences ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent were all 0.088.

Examples 2-20 to 2-24, Comparative Examples 2-4 and 2-5

TABLE 17

Comparative

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

2-4
2-20
2-21
2-22
2-23
2-24
2-5

Blending
SR368NS
13
15
17.5
30
37.5
48.1
55

amount
VCAP
2.7
3
3.5
6
7.5
9.9
11

(mass %)
Ethanol
57.3
55
52
37
28
14
7

Ratio
Rmh₂
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

(mass %)
RS₂
17.2
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7

RV₂
466.9
394.4
323.8
147.2
97.8
51.7
34.8

Also, the differences ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent were all 0.088.

Examples 2-25 to 2-27, Comparative Example 2-6

Color inks were prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of setting the ratios in the total amount of the color ink of SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) respectively to the values shown in Table 18 and further blending propoxylated (2) neopentyl glycol diacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR9003NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; difunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 32° C. as another polyfunctional monomer at the ratios shown in the same Table.

TABLE 18

Compar-

ative

Example
Example
Example
Example

2-6
2-25
2-26
2-27

Blending
SR368NS
5
8
13
19

amount
SR9003NS
20
17
12
6

(mass %)

Ratio
Rmh₂
20
32
52
76

(mass %)
RS₂
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7

RV₂
196.7
196.7
196.7
196.7

Also, the differences ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent were all 0.088.

Examples 2-28 to 2-32, Comparative Examples 2-7 and 2-8

Color inks were prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of setting the ratios in the total amount of the color ink of SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and VCAP as the monofunctional monomer respectively to the values shown in Table 19 and setting the ratios in the total amount of the color ink of ethanol as the volatile solvent to 28 mass %.

TABLE 19

Comparative

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

2-7
2-28
2-29
2-30
2-31
2-32
2-8

Blending
SR368NS
43
42.5
40
28
16
14
12

amount
VCAP
2
2.5
5
17
29
31
33

(mass %)

Ratio
Rmh₂
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

(mass %)
RS₂
4.4
5.6
11.1
37.8
64.4
68.9
73.3

RV₂
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8

Also, the differences ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent were all 0.088.

Example 2-33

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of blending, in place of the pigment dispersion B-01, the same amount of a magenta pigment dispersion prepared by the respective components indicated below being blended at the ratios shown in Table 20, stirred, and thereafter dispersed using a beads mill (hereinafter indicated at times as “R-01” as the type of dispersion).

Pigment: C. I. pigment violet 19

Dispersant: DISPERBYK (registered trademark)-145 (solids content: 100%) manufactured by BYK-Chemie Japan K. K.

Dispersion medium: Ethanol

TABLE 20

Component
Mass %

Pigment
15

Dispersant
5

Dispersion medium
80

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Example 2-34

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of blending, in place of the pigment dispersion B-01, the same amount of a yellow pigment dispersion prepared by the respective components indicated below being blended at the ratios shown in Table 21, stirred, and thereafter dispersed using a beads mill (hereinafter indicated at times as “Y-01” as the type of dispersion).

Pigment: C. I. pigment yellow 139

Dispersant: DISPERBYK (registered trademark)-145 (solids content: 100%) manufactured by BYK-Chemie Japan K. K.

Dispersion medium: Ethanol

TABLE 21

Component
Mass %

Pigment
15

Dispersant
5

Dispersion medium
80

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Comparative Example 2-9

A color ink was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2-1 with the exception of setting the ratio of the pigment dispersion B-01 to 10 mass % in the total amount of the color ink and further blending titanium oxide, which is a white pigment, at a ratio of 10 mass % in the total amount of the color ink.

The ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 100 mass %, the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass %, and the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 170.0 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Using the color inks prepared in the respective examples and comparative examples described above in an inkjet printer, printing on a surface of a printing object was performed under ordinary temperature (5 to 35° C.), and within 0.15 seconds from printing, the curing reaction was made to occur by exposure using an LED curing lamp. The resolution of printing was set to 600×600 dpi.

The hiding property of a character printed using each color ink was determined by the method described above.

That is, under the printing and exposure conditions described above, the color ink was printed on a surface of a hiding chart such that a film thickness after curing would be 3 to 10 μm and after making the curing reaction occur, tristimulus values were measured at five locations each on a white portion and on a black portion of the hiding chart and average tristimulus values Y_Wand Y_Bwere determined.

Then, for each color ink of each color, the contrast ratio Y_B/Y_Wwas calculated as a percentage from the determined average tristimulus values Y_Wand Y_Band the hiding property was evaluated by the following standards.

(Cyan)

∘∘∘: Not less than 75.

∘∘: Not less than 60 but less than 75.

∘: Not less than 50 but less than 60.

Δ: Not less than 45 but less than 50.

x: Less than 45.

(Magenta)

∘∘∘: Not less than 65.

∘∘: Not less than 55 but less than 65.

∘: Not less than 50 but less than 55.

Δ: Not less than 45 but less than 50.

x: Less than 45.

(Yellow)

∘∘∘: Not less than 60.

∘∘: Not less than 55 but less than 60.

∘: Not less than 50 but less than 55.

Δ: Not less than 45 but less than 50.

x: Less than 45.

Each of the color inks prepared in the respective examples and comparative examples was placed in a sealed container and after leaving to stand in a dark location under an ordinary temperature (5 to 35° C.) environment for one week, its state was checked and the dispersion stability was evaluated by the following standards.

∘: No change from before being left to stand was seen.

x: Sedimentation was seen.

A character of approximately 8.5 pt was printed on a surface of a PET film as the printing object under the printing and exposure conditions described above.

Next, after observing the state of the printed character upon rubbing it once with a cotton swab, the state was observed upon further rubbing it once with a cotton swab impregnated with isopropanol (IPA). The abrasion resistance was then evaluated by the following standards.

∘: Even upon rubbing with the cotton swab not impregnated with IPA, chipping of a level making the character illegible was not seen and even upon rubbing with the cotton swab impregnated with IPA, chipping of a level making the character illegible was not seen.

Δ: Although chipping of a level making the character illegible was seen upon rubbing with the cotton swab impregnated with IPA, chipping of a level making the character illegible was not seen upon prior rubbing with the cotton swab not impregnated with IPA.

x: Chipping of a level making the character illegible was seen upon just rubbing with the cotton swab not impregnated with IPA.

A barcode was formed on a surface of a PET film of 5 μm thickness as the printing object under the printing and exposure conditions described above.

∘: No breaks or chipping were seen in the fine lines and reading by the barcode reader was also possible.

Δ: Although slight breaks or chipping were seen in the fine lines, reading by the barcode reader was possible.

x: Large breaks or chipping were seen in the fine lines and reading by the barcode reader was not possible.

Characters were printed successively on a surface of a PET film as the printing object under the printing and exposure conditions described above. The characters printed on the 500th and 1000th printing were observed and the discharge property was evaluated by the following standards.

∘: Even on the 1000th printing, the character was without any blur, etc., and was clearly legible.

Δ: Although the character was without any blur, etc., and was clearly legible on the 500th printing, on the 1000th printing, the character was blurred and illegible.

x: The character was blurred and illegible on the 500th printing.

The results of the above are shown in Table 22 to Table 30.

TABLE 22

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5

Colorant
Type
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01

Mass %
20
20
20
20
20

Titanium oxide
—
—
—
—
—

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
103
103
90
62

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
4
3
5
3

components
monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
25
25
25
25
25

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
5
5
5
5
5

monomer
EBECRYL
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
43
43
43
43
43

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)

—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₂
100
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₂
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7

components
RV₂
196.7
196.7
196.7
196.7
196.7

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.117
0.119
0.128
0.111

Evaluation
Hiding property
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘
∘∘
∘

Dispersion stability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Abrasion resistance
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Discharge property
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 23

Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

2-6
2-7
2-1
2-2
2-8

Colorant
Type
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01

Mass %
20
20
20
20
20

Titanium oxide

—
—
—
—

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
186
43
—
—
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
2
2
—
—
3

components
monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
25
25
—
—
25

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
38
32
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
3
2
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
25
25
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
5
5
5
5
5

monomer
EBECRYL
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
43
43
43
43
38

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
5

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)

—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₂
100
100
0
0
100

respective
RS₂
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7

components
RV₂
196.7
196.7
196.7
196.7
196.7

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.144
0.095
—
—
0.088

Evaluation
Hiding property
Δ
Δ
x
x
∘∘∘

Dispersion stability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Abrasion resistance
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Discharge property
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 24

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

2-9
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-3

Colorant
Type
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01

Mass %
20
20
20
20
20

Titanium oxide

—
—
—
—

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3
3

components
monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
25
25
25
25
25

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
5
5
5
5
5

monomer
EBECRYL
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
38
38
38
—
—

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
5
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
5
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
5
43
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)

—
—
—
43

Ratios of
Rmh₂
100
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₂
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7

components
RV₂
196.7
196.7
196.7
196.7
53.3

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.023
—

Evaluation
Hiding property
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘
x

Dispersion stability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Abrasion resistance
∘
∘
∘
∘
x

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
x

Discharge property
∘
∘
∘
Δ
x

TABLE 25

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
2-17

Colorant
Type
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01

Mass %
20
20
20
20
20

Titanium oxide

—
—
—
—

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3
3

components
monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
25
25
25
25
25

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
—
—
—
—
—

monomer
EBECRYL
5
5
5
5
5

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
3
—
—
1
2

resin
Acrylic resin
—
3
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
3
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
40
40
40
42
41

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)

—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₂
100
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₂
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7

components
RV₂
186.7
186.7
186.7
193.3
190.0

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Evaluation
Hiding property
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘

Dispersion stability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Abrasion resistance
∘
∘
∘
Δ
∘

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Discharge property
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 26

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

2-18
2-19
2-4
2-20
2-21

Colorant
Type
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01

Mass %
20
20
20
20
20

Titanium oxide

—
—
—
—

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3
3

components
monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
25
25
13
15
17.5

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
—
—
2.7
3
3.5

monomer
EBECRYL
5
5
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
7
10
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
36
33
57.3
55
52

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)

—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₂
100
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₂
16.7
16.7
17.2
16.7
16.7

components
RV₂
173.3
163.3
466.9
394.4
323.8

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Evaluation
Hiding property
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘

Dispersion stability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Abrasion resistance
∘
∘
x
Δ
∘

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Discharge property
∘
Δ
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 27

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example

2-22
2-23
2-24
2-5

Colorant
Type
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01

Mass %
20
20
20
20

Titanium oxide

—
—
—

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3

components
monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
30
37.5
48.1
55

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
6
7.5
9.9
11

monomer
EBECRYL
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
37
28
14
7

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)

—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₂
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₂
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7

components
RV₂
147.2
97.8
51.7
34.8

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Evaluation
Hiding property
∘∘∘
∘∘
∘∘
x

Dispersion stability
∘
∘
∘
∘

Abrasion resistance
∘
∘
∘
∘

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘

Discharge property
∘
∘
Δ
x

TABLE 28

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example

2-6
2-25
2-26
2-27

Colorant
Type
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01

Mass %
20
20
20
20

Titanium oxide

—
—
—

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3

components
monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
5
8
13
19

Other
Tg (° C.)
32
32
32
32

polyfunctional
Number of
2
2
2
2

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
20
17
12
6

Monofunctional
VCAP
5
5
5
5

monomer
EBECRYL
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
43
43
43
43

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)

—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₂
20
32
52
76

respective
RS₂
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7

components
RV₂
196.7
196.7
196.7
196.7

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Evaluation
Hiding property
x
∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘

Dispersion stability
∘
∘
∘
∘

Abrasion resistance
∘
∘
∘
∘

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘

Discharge property
∘
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 29

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

2-7
2-28
2-29
2-30
2-31

Colorant
Type
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01

Mass %
20
20
20
20
20

Titanium oxide

—
—
—
—

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3
3

components
monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
43
42.5
40
28
16

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
2
2.5
5
17
29

monomer
EBECRYL
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
28
28
28
28
28

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)

—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₂
100
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₂
4.4
5.6
11.1
37.8
64.4

components
RV₂
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Evaluation
Hiding property
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘

Dispersion stability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Abrasion resistance
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Followability
x
Δ
∘
∘
∘

Discharge property
x
Δ
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 30

Comparative

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

2-32
2-8
2-33
2-34
2-9

Colorant
Type
B-01
B-01
R-01
Y-01
B-01

Mass %
20
20
20
20
10

Titanium oxide

—
—
—
10

Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272
272

polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3
3

components
monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
14
12
25
25
25

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
31
33
5
5
5

monomer
EBECRYL
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
28
28
43
43
43

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ultrapure water (mass %)

—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₂
100
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₂
68.9
73.3
16.7
16.7
16.7

components
RV₂
97.8
97.8
196.7
196.7
170.0

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Evaluation
Hiding property
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘

Dispersion stability
∘
∘
∘
∘
x

Abrasion resistance
Δ
x
∘
∘
∘

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Discharge property
∘
∘
∘
∘
x

From the results of Examples 2-1 to 2-34 and Comparative Examples 2-1, 2-2, and 2-9 in Table 22 to Table 30, it was found that

- a colorant, radical polymerizable components, a volatile solvent, and a photo-radical polymerization initiator must be contained and
- must contain, as the radical polymerizable components among these, a difunctional or higher polyfunctional monomer and a monofunctional monomer and the polyfunctional monomer must include the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) with the glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 40° C., and
- by these arrangements, printing with a color tone such as cyan, magenta, yellow, etc., and yet with sufficient hiding property is possible even if a white pigment of high hiding power such as titanium oxide, etc., is not contained.

Also, especially from the results of Examples 2-1 and 2-25 to 2-27 and Comparative Example 2-6, it was found that the ratio Rmh₂of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer must be not less than 30 mass % and is especially preferably not less than 50 mass %.

From the results of Examples 2-1 and 2-28 to 2-31 and Comparative Examples 2-7 and 2-8, it was found that the ratio RS₂of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components must be not less than 5 mass % and not more than 70 mass %, is especially preferably not less than 10 mass %, and is preferably not more than 65 mass %.

From the results of Examples 2-1 and 2-20 to 2-24 and Comparative Examples 2-4 and 2-5, it was found that the ratio RV₂of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components must be not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass %, is more preferably not less than 70 mass %, is especially preferably not less than 130 mass %, and is preferably not more than 370 mass %.

From the results of Examples 2-1 to 2-7, it was found that as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II),

- it is preferable to selectively use a compound that is trifunctional or higher and more preferably a compound that is trifunctional or higher and has a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 90° C. and
- especially, it is even more preferable to selectively use a compound, that is trifunctional or higher and has a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 200° C. and not more than 300° C. or a compound that is tetrafunctional or higher and has a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 100° C. but less than 200° C.

From the results of Examples 2-1 and 2-8 to 2-12, it was found that as the volatile solvent,

- an alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms may be used alone or an alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms may be used in combination with an alcohol with 4 carbon atoms or more, a ketone, an ester, or an ether as another volatile solvent and
- in the case of combined use, the ratio of the other volatile solvent is preferably not more than 10 mass % in the total amount of the volatile solvents.

Also, from the results of Examples 2-1 and 2-8 to 2-12, it was found that as the volatile solvent, it is preferable to selectively use a volatile solvent with which the difference ΔR in refractive index with respect to the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is not less than ±0.03.

From the results of Examples 2-1 and 2-13 to 2-15, it was found that it is preferable for the color ink to contain vinylcaprolactam as the monofunctional monomer and/or to contain a binder resin.

Also, from the results of Examples 2-13 to 2-15, it was found that a polyamide resin, an acrylic resin, a phenol resin, etc., is usable as the binder resin.

Further, from the results of Examples 2-16 to 2-19, it was found that the ratio of a polyamide resin or other binder resin is preferably not less than 1 mass %, especially preferably not less than 1.5 mass %, preferably not more than 10 mass %, and especially preferably not more than 8 mass % in the total amount of the color ink.

<<Hiding Layer Coating Agents>>

Example 3-1

The respective components indicated below were blended at the ratios shown in Table 31 and after stirring until sufficiently dissolved, filtration using a 5 μm membrane filter was performed to prepare a hiding layer coating agent.

(Radical Polymerizable Components)

High Tg polyfunctional monomer (II): tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanate triacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR368NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; trifunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 272° C.; refractive index: 1.449

Monofunctional monomer: N-vinyl-ϵ-caprolactam (VCAP)

- Volatile Solvent

Ethanol custom-character Refractive index: 1.361

Photo-radical Polymerization Initiator

2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide custom-character SpeedCure (registered trademark) TPO manufactured by Lambson Japan Co., Ltd.

- Other Components

Sensitizer: 2-isopropylthioxanthone custom-character SpeedCure 2-ITX manufactured by Lambson Japan Co., Ltd.

Radical polymerization inhibitor: Florstab UV-5 manufactured by Kromachem Ltd.

Surfactant: silicone acrylate based surfactant

TABLE 31

Component
Mass %

High Tg polyfunctional monomer (II)
SR368NS
15

Monofunctional monomer
VCAP
15

Volatile solvent
Ethanol
63

Photo-radical polymerization initiator
TPO
5.5

Sensitizer
2-ITX
0.3

Radical polymerization inhibitor
UV-5
1

Surfactant
Silicone acrylate based
0.2

Total amount
100

The ratio Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 100 mass %, the ratio RS₃of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 50 mass %, and the ratio RV₃of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 210 mass %.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Example 3-2

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, the same amount of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR295NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; tetrafunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 103° C.; refractive index: 1.478 as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

The ratio Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) was 100 mass % in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer, the ratio RS₃of the monofunctional monomer was 50 mass % in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components, and the ratio RV₃of the volatile solvent was 210 mass % with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR295NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.117.

Example 3-3

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, the same amount of pentaerythritol t custom-character triacrylate SARTOMER SR444NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; trifunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 103° C.; refractive index: 1.480 as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR444NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.119.

Example 3-4

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, the same amount of dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR399NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; pentafunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 90° C.; refractive index: 1.489as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR399NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.128.

Example 3-5

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, the same amount of trimethylolpropane triacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR351NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; trifunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 62° C.; refractive index: 1.472 as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR351NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.111.

Example 3-6

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1 with the exception of blending, in place of SR368NS, the same amount of tricyclodecane dimethanoldiacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR833NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; difunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 186° C.; refractive index: 1.505 a as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II).

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR833NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.144.

Example 3-7

(Preparation of Cyan Pigment Dispersion)

The respective components indicated below were blended at the ratios shown in Table 32, stirred, and thereafter dispersed using a beads mill to prepare a cyan pigment dispersion (hereinafter indicated at times as “B-01” as the type of dispersion).

Pigment: C. I. pigment blue 15:4

Dispersant: DISPERBYK (registered trademark)-145 (solids content: 100%) manufactured by BYK-Chemie Japan K. K.

Dispersion medium: Ethanol

TABLE 32

Component
Mass %

Pigment
15

Dispersant
5

Dispersion medium
80

(Preparation of Hiding Layer Coating Agent)

The respective components indicated below were blended at the ratios shown in Table 33 and stirred until sufficiently dissolved, and then after adding the priorly prepared pigment dispersion B-01 at the ratio shown in Table 33 and stirring further, filtration using a 5 μm membrane filter was performed to prepare a hiding layer coating agent.

- Radical Polymerizable Components

High Tg polyfunctional monomer (II): 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR238NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; difunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 43° C.; refractive index: 1.456

Monofunctional monomer: the aforementioned VCAP

Volatile Solvent

Ethanol custom-character Refractive index: 1.361

Photo-radical Polymerization Initiator

the aforementioned TPO

Other Components

Sensitizer: the aforementioned 2-ITX

Radical polymerization inhibitor: the aforementioned UV-5

Surfactant: the aforementioned silicone acrylate based surfactant

TABLE 33

Component
Mass %

Pigment dispersion
B-01
20

High Tg polyfunctional monomer (II)
SR238NS
15

Monofunctional monomer
VCAP
15

Volatile solvent
Ethanol
43

Photo-radical polymerization initiator
TPO
5.5

Sensitizer
2-ITX
0.3

Radical polymerization inhibitor
UV-5
1

Surfactant
Silicone acrylate based
0.2

Total amount
100

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR238NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.095.

Comparative Example 3-1

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-7 with the exception of blending, in place of SR238NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), the same amount of ethoxylated (20) trimethylolpropane triacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR415 manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; trifunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 38° C..

The ratio Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 0 mass %, the ratio RS₃of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 50 mass %, and the ratio RV₃of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 196.7 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

Comparative Example 3-2

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-7 with the exception of blending, in place of SR238NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), the same amount of propoxylated (2) neopentyl glycol diacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR9003NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; difunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 32° C..

Example 3-8

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1 with the exception of setting a ratio of ethanol as a volatile solvent to 58 mass % in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent and further blending 1-butano custom-character refractive index: 1.399 at a ratio of 5 mass % in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the main solvent in the volatile solvents was 0.088.

Example 3-9

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1 with the exception of setting the ratio of ethanol as a volatile solvent to 58 mass % in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent and further blending acetone custom-character refractive index: 1.359 at a ratio of 5 mass % in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the main solvent in the volatile solvents was 0.088.

Example 3-10

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1 with the exception of setting the ratio of ethanol as a volatile solvent to 58 mass % in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent and further blending ethyl acetate custom-character refractive index: 1.372 at a ratio of 5 mass % in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the main solvent in the volatile solvents was 0.088.

Example 3-11

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1 with the exception of setting the ratio of ethanol as a volatile solvent to 58 mass % in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent and further blending cyclohexanone custom-character refractive index: 1.426 at a ratio of 5 mass % in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the main solvent in the volatile solvents was 0.088.

Example 3-12

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1 with the exception of blending, in place of ethanol, the same amount of cyclohexanone custom-character refractive index: 1.426 as the volatile solvent.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and cyclohexanone as the volatile solvent was 0.023.

Example 3-13

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1 with the exception of blending a polyamide resin custom-character Versamid 725 manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd. as a binder resin at a ratio of 3 mass % in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent, blending, in place of VCAP, the same amount of ethoxylated phenyl acrylate EBECRYL (registered trademark) 110 manufactured by Daicel-Allnex Ltd.; EQ 2 mol custom-character as the monofunctional monomer, and setting the ratio of ethanol as the volatile solvent to 60 mass % in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Example 3-14

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-13 with the exception of blending, in place of the polyamide resin, the same amount of an acrylic custom-character resin NeoCryl B-813 manufactured by DSM Co., Ltd. as the binder resin.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Example 3-15

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-13 with the exception of blending, in place of the polyamide resin, the same amount of a phenol resin custom-character PHENOLITE TD-2106 manufactured by DIC Corp. as the binder resin.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

Examples 3-16 to 3-20, Comparative Examples 3-3 and 3-4

Hiding layer coating agents were prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1 with the exception of setting the ratios in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent of SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), VCAP as the monofunctional monomer, and ethanol as the volatile solvent respectively to the values shown in Table 34.

The ratios Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), the ratios RS₃of the monofunctional monomer, and the ratios RV₃of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components were respectively as shown in Table 34.

TABLE 34

Comparative

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

3-3
3-16
3-17
3-18
3-19
3-20
3-4

Blending
SR368NS
32
30
25
20
11
9.5
8.5

amount
VCAP
32
30
25
20
11
9.5
8.5

(mass %)
Ethanol
29
33
43
53
71
74
76

Ratio
Rmh₃
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

(mass %)
RS₃
50
50
50
50
50
50
50

RV₃
45.3
55
86
132.5
322.7
389.5
447.1

Also, the differences ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent were all 0.088.

Examples 3-21 to 3-24, Comparative Example 3-5

Hiding layer coating agents were prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-1 with the exception of blending the same pigment dispersion B-01 as prepared in Example 3-7 at ratios of 20 mass % in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent, setting the ratios in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent of SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) respectively to the values shown in Table 35, further blending propoxylated (2) neopentylglycol diacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR9003NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; difunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 32° C. as another polyfunctional monomer at the ratios shown in the same Table, and setting the ratios in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent of VCAP as the monofunctional monomer to 5 mass % and ethanol as the volatile solvent to 43 mass %.

The ratios Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), the ratios RS₃of the monofunctional monomer, and the ratios RV₃of the volatile solvent including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion were respectively as shown in Table 35.

TABLE 35

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

3-5
3-21
3-22
3-23
3-24

Blending
SR368NS
7
9
13
19
25

amount
SR9003NS
18
16
12
6
—

(mass %)

Rmh₃
28
36
52
76
100

Ratio
RS₃
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7

(mass %)
RV₃
196.7
196.7
196.7
196.7
196.7

Also, the differences ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent were all 0.088.

Examples 3-25 to 3-28, Comparative Examples 3-6 and 3-7

Hiding layer coating agents were prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-24 with the exception of setting the ratios in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent of SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and VCAP as the monofunctional monomer respectively to the values shown in Table 36 and setting the ratios in the total amount of the hiding layer coating agent of ethanol as the volatile solvent to 28 mass %.

TABLE 36

Comparative

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

3-6
3-25
3-26
3-27
3-28
3-7

Blending
SR368NS
43
42.5
40
16
14
12

amount
VCAP
2
2.5
5
29
31
33

(mass %)

Ratio
Rmh₃
100
100
100
100
100
100

(mass %)
RS₃
4.4
5.6
11.1
64.4
68.9
73.3

RV₃
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8

Also, the differences ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent were all 0.088.

Example 3-29

A hiding layer coating agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 3-24 with the exception of blending, in place of the pigment dispersion B-01, the same amount of a magenta pigment dispersion prepared by the respective components indicated below being blended at the ratios shown in Table 37, stirred, and thereafter dispersed using a beads mill (hereinafter indicated at times as “R-01” as the type of dispersion).

Pigment: C. I. pigment violet 19

Dispersant: DISPERBYK (registered trademark)-145 (solids content: 100%) manufactured by BYK-Chemie Japan K. K.

Dispersion medium: Ethanol

TABLE 37

Component
Mass %

Pigment
15

Dispersant
5

Dispersion medium
80

The ratio Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 100 mass %, the ratio RS₃of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass %, and the ratio RV₃of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 196.7 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

Also, the difference ΔR in refractive index between SR368NS as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) and ethanol as the volatile solvent was 0.088.

<<Manufacture of Recording Sheet>>

Recording sheets were manufactured using the hiding layer coating agents prepared in the respective examples and comparative examples in an inkjet printer to perform printing on one surface of a base sheet under an ordinary temperature (5 to 35° C.) environment and making the curing reaction occur by exposure using an LED curing lamp within 0.15 seconds from printing.

Transparent PE films of 3 μm thickness were used as the base sheets and the resolution of printing was set to 300×600 dpi.

Also, a recording sheet manufactured by coating the hiding layer coating agent prepared in Example 3-1 on one surface of the same base sheet by a bar coating method and making the curing reaction occur by exposure using an LED curing lamp within 0.15 seconds from printing was deemed to be Example 3-30.

A thickness of coating of the hiding layer coating agent by the bar coating method was set to 10 μm.

(Noncolored)

The hiding property of a hiding layer constituted of a hiding layer coating agent that is not colored was evaluated based on a measurement result of the whiteness (L value) described above. The evaluation standards are given below again.

∘∘∘: The L value was not less than 70.

∘∘: The L value was not less than 60 but less than 70.

∘: The L value was not less than 50 but less than 60.

Δ: The L value was not less than 40 but less than 50.

x: The L value was less than 40.

Also, the hiding property of a hiding layer constituted of a hiding layer coating agent that is colored was evaluated from a measurement result of the hiding property described above, according to the hiding layer of each color, and by the following standards.

(Cyan)

∘∘∘: Not less than 75.

∘∘: Not less than 60 but less than 75.

∘: Not less than 50 but less than 60.

Δ: Not less than 45 but less than 50.

x: Less than 45.

(Magenta)

∘∘∘: Not less than 65.

∘∘: Not less than 55 but less than 65.

∘: Not less than 50 but less than 55.

Δ: Not less than 45 but less than 50.

x: Less than 45.

The state of a surface of the hiding layer of each recording sheet manufactured was observed upon rubbing it three times with a cotton swab and the abrasion resistance was evaluated by the following standards.

∘: The hiding layer was not removed at all.

Δ: The hiding layer was removed slightly.

x: The hiding layer was removed across a wide area.

A barcode was formed as a model of the hiding layer on a surface of a PET film of 5 μm thickness under the same conditions as in the manufacture of the recording sheets.

∘: No breaks or chipping were seen in the fine lines and reading by the barcode reader was also possible.

Δ: Although slight breaks or chipping were seen in the fine lines, reading by the barcode reader was possible.

x: Large breaks or chipping were seen in the fine lines and reading by the barcode reader was not possible.

<<Image Recording Ink>>

After blending the respective components indicated below at the ratios shown in Table 38 and stirring until sufficiently dissolved, filtration using a 5 μm membrane filter was performed to prepare an ink i.

(Radical Polymerizable Components)

Polyfunctional monomer: propoxylated (2) neopentyl glycol diacrylate custom-character SARTOMER SR9003NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; difunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 32° C.

Monofunctional monomer: the aforementioned VCAP

Volatile Solvent

- Ethanol

Photo-radical Polymerization Initiator

- the aforementioned TPO

Other Components

- Sensitizer: the aforementioned 2-ITX
- Radical polymerization inhibitor: the aforementioned UV-5
- Surfactant: the aforementioned silicone acrylate based surfactant

TABLE 38

Component
Mass %

Polyfunctional monomer
SR9003NS
15

Monofunctional monomer
VCAP
15

Volatile solvent
Ethanol
63

Photo-radical polymerization initiator
TPO
5.4

Sensitizer
2-ITX
0.8

Radical polymerization inhibitor
UV-5
0.5

Surfactant
Silicone acrylate based
0.3

Total amount
100

The ratio Rmh₄of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 0 mass %, the ratio RS₄of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 50 mass %, and the ratio RV₄of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 210 mass %.

<<Manufacture and Evaluation of Recorded Products (Part 1)>>

Using the ink i that is the photocuring clear ink in an inkjet printer, a noncolored image was recorded on each of the hiding layers constituted of the hiding layer coating agents of the respective examples and comparative examples on the priorly manufactured recording sheets. The resolution of recording was set to 600×600 dpi.

The ink i was then made to undergo the curing reaction by exposure using an LED curing lamp to manufacture the recorded products.

After immersing an entirety of each recorded product in water for 1 minute and then drying, the image was observed and fastness was evaluated by the following standards.

∘: No change was seen in the image.

Δ: Transparency of the image decreased slightly.

x: Transparency of the image was damaged greatly.

Transmission density of light of a region in which the image of each manufactured recorded product was recorded was measured using a transmission densitometer (Macbeth TD904 manufactured by GretagMacbeth Co.) and a visual filter and the transparency of the image was evaluated according to the hiding layer of each color and by the following standards.

(Noncolored)

∘: Transmission density was less than 0.15.

Δ: Transmission density was not less than 0.15 but less than 0.25.

x: Transmission density was not less than 0.25.

(Cyan)

∘: Transmission density was less than 0.35.

Δ: Transmission density was not less than 0.35 but less than 0.45.

x: Transmission density was not less than 0.45.

(Magenta)

∘: Transmission density was less than 1.1.

Δ: Transmission density was not less than 1.1 but less than 1.2.

x: Transmission density was not less than 1.2.

The results of the above are shown in Table 39 to Table 49. Here, in each table, the symbols in the column of the coating method of the hiding layer coating agent are as follows.

IJ: inkjet printing method

BC: bar coating method

TABLE 39

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5

Hiding
Colorant
Type
—
—
—
—
—

layer

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

coating
Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
103
103
90
62

agent
polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
4
3
5
3

components
monomer (II)
functional

groups

Mass %
15
15
15
15
15

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
15
15
15
15
15

monomer
EBECRYL
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
63
63
63
63
63

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₃
100
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₃
50
50
50
50
50

components
RV₃
210
210
210
210
210

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.117
0.119
0.128
0.111

Coating method
IJ
IJ
IJ
IJ
IJ

Evaluation
Hiding layer
Hiding
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘
∘∘
∘

property

Abrasion
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

resistance

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Image
Fastness
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Transparency
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 40

Comparative
Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

3-6
3-7
3-1
3-2
3-8

Hiding
Colorant
Type
—
B-01
B-01
B-01
—

layer

Mass %
—
20
20
20
—

coating
Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
186
43
—
—
272

agent
polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
2
2
—
—
3

components
monomer (II)
functional

groups

Mass %
15
15
—
—
15

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
38
32
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
3
2
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
15
15
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
15
15
15
15
15

monomer
EBECRYL
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
63
43
43
43
58

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
5

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₃
100
100
0
0
100

respective
RS₃
50
50
50
50
50

components
RV₃
210
196.7
196.7
196.7
210

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.144
0.095
—
—
0.088

Coating method
IJ
IJ
IJ
IJ
IJ

Evaluation
Hiding layer
Hiding
Δ
Δ
x
x
∘∘∘

property

Abrasion
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

resistance

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Image
Fastness
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Transparency
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 41

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-13

Hiding
Colorant
Type
—
—
—
—
—

layer

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

coating
Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272
272

agent
polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3
3

components
monomer (II)
functional

groups

Mass %
15
15
15
15
15

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
15
15
15
15
—

monomer
EBECRYL
—
—
—
—
15

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—
3

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
58
58
58
—
60

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
5
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
5
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
5
63
—

Ratios of
Rmh₃
100
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₃
50
50
50
50
50

components
RV₃
210
210
210
210
200

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.023
0.088

Coating method
IJ
IJ
IJ
IJ
IJ

Evaluation
Hiding layer
Hiding
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘
∘∘∘

property

Abrasion
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

resistance

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Image
Fastness
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Transparency
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 42

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

3-14
3-15
3-3
3-16
3-17

Hiding
Colorant
Type
—
—
—
—
—

layer

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

coating
Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272
272

agent
polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3
3

components
monomer (II)
functional

groups

Mass %
15
15
32
30
25

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
—
—
32
30
25

monomer
EBECRYL
15
15
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
3
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
3
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
60
60
29
33
43

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₃
100
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₃
50
50
50
50
50

components
RV₃
210
210
45.3
55
86

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Coating method
IJ
IJ
IJ
IJ
IJ

Evaluation
Hiding layer
Hiding
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
x
∘∘
∘∘∘

property

Abrasion
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

resistance

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Image
Fastness
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Transparency
∘
∘
x
Δ
∘

TABLE 43

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example

3-18
3-19
3-20
3-4

Hiding
Colorant
Type
—
—
—
—

layer

Mass %
—
—
—
—

coating
Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272

agent
polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3

components
monomer (II)
functional

groups

Mass %
20
11
9.5
8.5

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
20
11
9.5
8.5

monomer
EBECRYL
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
53
71
74
76

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₃
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₃
50
50
50
50

components
RV₃
132.5
322.7
389.5
447.1

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Coating method
IJ
IJ
IJ
IJ

Evaluation
Hiding layer
Hiding
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘

property

Abrasion
∘
∘
Δ
x

resistance

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘

Image
Fastness
∘
∘
∘
∘

Transparency
∘
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 44

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example
Example

3-5
3-21
3-22
3-23
3-24

Hiding
Colorant
Type
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01

layer

Mass %
20
20
20
20
20

coating
Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272
272

agent
polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3
3

components
monomer (II)
functional

groups

Mass %
7
9
13
19
25

Other
Tg (° C.)
32
32
32
32
—

polyfunctional
Number of
2
2
2
2
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
18
16
12
6
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
5
5
5
5
5

monomer
EBECRYL
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
43
43
43
43
43

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₃
28
36
52
76
100

respective
RS₃
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.7

components
RV₃
196.7
196.7
196.7
196.7
196.7

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Coating method
IJ
IJ
IJ
IJ
IJ

Evaluation
Hiding layer
Hiding
x
∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘

property

Abrasion
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

resistance

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Image
Fastness
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

Transparency
∘
∘
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 45

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example

3-6
3-25
3-26
3-27

Hiding
Colorant
Type
B-01
B-01
B-01
B-01

layer

Mass %
20
20
20
20

coating
Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272

agent
polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3

components
monomer (II)
functional

groups

Mass %
43
42.5
40
16

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
2
2.5
5
29

monomer
EBECRYL
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
28
28
28
28

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₃
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₃
4.4
5.6
11.1
64.4

components
RV₃
97.8
97.8
97.8
97.8

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.088
0.088

Coating method
IJ
IJ
IJ
IJ

Evaluation
Hiding layer
Hiding
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘

property

Abrasion
∘
∘
∘
∘

resistance

Followability
x
Δ
∘
∘

Image
Fastness
∘
∘
∘
∘

Transparency
∘
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 46

Comparative

Example
Example
Example
Example

3-28
3-7
3-29
3-30

Hiding
Colorant
Type
B-01
B-01
R-01
—

layer

Mass %
20
20
20
—

coating
Radical
High Tg
Tg (° C.)
272
272
272
272

agent
polymerizable
polyfunctional
Number of
3
3
3
3

components
monomer (II)
functional

groups

Mass %
14
12
25
15

Other
Tg (° C.)
—
—
—
—

polyfunctional
Number of
—
—
—
—

monomer
functional

groups

Mass %
—
—
—
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
31
33
5
15

monomer
EBECRYL
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
110

Binder
Polyamide resin
—
—
—
—

resin
Acrylic resin
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Phenol resin
—
—
—
—

Volatile
Ethanol
28
28
43
63

solvent
1-butanol
—
—
—
—

(mass %)
Acetone
—
—
—
—

Ethyl acetate
—
—
—
—

Cyclohexanone
—
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₃
100
100
100
100

respective
RS₃
68.9
73.3
16.7
50

components
RV₃
97.8
97.8
196.7
210

(mass %)

Difference ΔR in refractive index
0.088
0.088
0.88
0.88

Coating method
IJ
IJ
IJ
BC

Evaluation
Hiding layer
Hiding
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘
∘∘∘

property

Abrasion
Δ
x
∘
∘

resistance

Followability
∘
∘
∘
∘

Image
Fastness
∘
∘
∘
∘

Transparency
∘
∘
∘
∘

From the results of Examples 3-1 to 3-30 and Comparative Examples 3-1 and 3-2 in Table 39 to Table 46, it was found that the hiding layer coating agent

must contain radical polymerizable components, a volatile solvent, and a photo-radical polymerization initiator and

must contain, as the radical polymerizable components among these, a difunctional or higher polyfunctional monomer and a monofunctional monomer and the polyfunctional monomer must include the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) with the glass transition temperature of not less than 40° C., and

by these arrangements, a recording sheet that includes a hiding layer having a sufficient hiding property and yet enabling a transparent or semitransparent image to be recorded by a transparent or semitransparent image recording ink can be obtained.

Also, especially from the results of Examples 3-1 and 3-21 to 3-23 and Comparative Example 3-5, it was found that the ratio Rmh₃of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer must be not less than 30 mass % and is especially preferably not less than 50 mass %.

From the results of Examples 3-1 and 3-25 to 3-28 and Comparative Examples 3-6 and 3-7, it was found that the ratio RS₃of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components must be not less than 5 mass % and not more than 70 mass %, is especially preferably not less than 10 mass %, and is preferably not more than 65 mass %.

From the results of Examples 3-1 and 3-16 to 3-20 and Comparative Examples 3-3 and 3-4, it was found that the ratio RV₃of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components must be not less than 50 mass % and not more than 400 mass %, is especially preferably not less than 70 mass %, and is preferably not more than 370 mass %.

From the results of Examples 3-1 to 3-7, it was found that as the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II),

- it is preferable to selectively use a compound that is trifunctional or higher and more preferably a compound that is trifunctional or higher and has a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 90° C. and
- especially, it is even more preferable to selectively use a compound that is trifunctional or higher and has a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 200° C. and not more than 300° C. or a compound that is tetrafunctional or higher and has a glass transition temperature Tg of not less than 100° C. but less than 200° C.

From the results of Examples 3-1 and 3-8 to 3-12, it was found that as the volatile solvent,

- an alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms may be used alone or an alcohol with 1 to 3 carbon atoms may be used in combination with an alcohol with 4 carbon atoms or more, a ketone, an ester, or an ether as another volatile solvent and
- in the case of combined use, the ratio of the other volatile solvent is preferably not more than 15 mass % in the total amount of the volatile solvents.

Also, from the results of Examples 3-1 and 3-8 to 3-12, it was found that as the volatile solvent, it is preferable to selectively use a volatile solvent with which the difference ΔR in refractive index with respect to the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) is not less than ±0.03.

From the results of Examples 3-1 and 3-13 to 3-15, it was found that it is preferable for the hiding layer coating agent to contain vinylcaprolactam as the monofunctional monomer and/or to contain a binder resin.

Also, from the results of Examples 3-13 to 3-15, it was found that a polyamide resin, an acrylic resin, a phenol resin, etc., is usable as the binder resin.

Also, from the results of Examples 3-1, 3-7, and 3-21 to 3-29, it was found that the hiding layer may be a colorless semitransparent or colorless nontransparent layer, that is, a layer of substantially white color or may be a colored semitransparent or colored nontransparent layer that is colored to an arbitrary color tone.

Further, from the results of Examples 3-1 and 3-30, it was found that the hiding layer may be formed by a coating method such as a bar coating method, etc., besides an inkjet printing method.

<<Image Recording Ink>>

An ink ii was prepared in the same manner as the ink i with the exception of blending the same pigment dispersion B-01 as prepared in Example 3-7 at a ratio of 20 mass % in the total amount of the ink and setting the ratios in the total amount of the ink of SR9003NS as the polyfunctional monomer to 25 mass %, VCAP as the monofunctional monomer to 5 mass %, and ethanol as the volatile solvent to 43 mass %.

The ratio Rmh₄of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 0 mass %, the ratio RS₄of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass %, and the ratio RV₄of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 196.7 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

An ink iii was prepared in the same manner as the ink ii with the exception of blending, in place of the pigment dispersion B-01, the same amount of the pigment dispersion R-01 that is the same as that prepared in Example 3-29.

The ratio Rmh₄of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 0 mass %, the ratio RS₄of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass,% and the ratio RV₄of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 196.7 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

An ink iv was prepared in the same manner as the ink ii with the exception of blending, in place of the pigment dispersion B-01, the same amount of a yellow pigment dispersion prepared by the respective components indicated below being blended at the ratios shown in Table 47, stirred, and thereafter dispersed using a beads mill (hereinafter indicated at times as “Y-01” as the type of dispersion).

Pigment: C. I. pigment yellow 139

Dispersant: DISPERBYK (registered trademark)-145 (solids content: 100%) manufactured by BYK-Chemie Japan K. K.

Dispersion medium: Ethanol

TABLE 47

Component
Mass %

Pigment
15

Dispersant
5

Dispersion medium
80

The ratio Rmh₄of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 0 mass %, the ratio RS₄of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 16.7 mass,% and the ratio RV₄of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 196.7 mass % including the ethanol contained in the pigment dispersion.

An ink v was prepared in the same manner as the ink i with the exception of blending, in place of SR9003NS, the custom-character same amount of tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylatel SARTOMER SR833NS manufactured by ARKEMA Inc.; difunctional; glass transition temperature Tg: 186° C.; refractive index: 1.505, which is a high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II), as the polyfunctional monomer.

The ratio Rmh₄of the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) in the total amount of the polyfunctional monomer was 100 mass %, the ratio RS₄of the monofunctional monomer in the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 50 mass %, and the ratio RV₄of the volatile solvent with respect to the total amount of the radical polymerizable components was 210 mass %.

An ink vi, which is an aqueous clear ink, was prepared by dissolving 12 mass % of polyvinylpyrrolidone custom-character PVP K15 manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. as the binder resin in 88 mass % of ion exchanged water.

<<Manufacture and Evaluation of Recorded Products (Part 2)>>

Examples 3-31 to 3-35

Using each of the prepared inks ii to vi in an inkjet printer, an image was recorded on the hiding layer of each of priorly manufactured recording sheets having the hiding layer constituted of the hiding layer coating agent of Example 3-1. The resolution of recording was set to 600×600 dpi.

Then, the inks ii to v having the photocuring property were made to undergo the curing reaction by exposure using an LED curing lamp and also the ink vi not having the photocuring property was dried after printing to manufacture the recorded products.

With each of the manufactured recorded products, the fastness and transparency described above were evaluated in regard to the image recorded on the hiding layer. The results are shown together with the results of Example 3-1 using the ink i in Table 48 and Table 49. Here, in both tables, the symbols in the column of the type of image recording ink are as follows.

UV: photocuring ink

Aqueous: aqueous ink

TABLE 48

Example
Example
Example

3-1
3-31
3-32

Image
Ink No.
i
ii
iii

recording
Type
UV
UV
UV

ink
Color tone
Clear
Cyan
Magenta

Colorant
Type
—
B-01
R-01

Mass %
—
20
20

Radical
Polyfunctional
Tg (° C.)
32
32
32

polymerizable
monomer
Number of
2
2
2

components

functional

groups

Mass %
15
25
25

Monofunctional
VCAP
15
5
5

monomer
(mass %)

Volatile
Ethanol (mass %)
63
43
43

solvent

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (mass %)
—
—
—

Ion exchanged water (mass %)
—
—
—

Ratios of
Rmh₃
0
0
0

respective
RS₃
50
16.7
16.7

components
RV₃
210
196.7
196.7

(mass %)

Evaluation of
Fastness
∘
∘
∘

image
Transparency
∘
∘
∘

TABLE 49

Example
Example
Example

3-33
3-34
3-35

Image
Ink No.
iv
v
vi

recording
Type
UV
UV
Aqueous

ink
Color tone
Yellow
Clear
Clear

Colorant
Type
Y-01
—
—

Mass %
20
—
—

Radical
Polyfunctional
Tg (° C.)
32
186
—

polymerizable
monomer
Number of
2
2
—

components

functional

groups

Mass %
25
15
—

Monofunctional
VCAP
5
15
—

monomer
(mass %)

Volatile
Ethanol (mass %)
43
63
—

solvent

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (mass %)
—
—
12

Ion exchanged water (mass %)
—
—
88

Ratios of
Rmh₃
0
100
—

respective
RS₃
16.7
50
—

components
RV₃
196.7
210
—

(mass %)

Evaluation of
Fastness
∘
∘
Δ

image
Transparency
∘
Δ
∘

From the results of Examples 3-1 and 3-31 to 3-35 in Table 48 and Table 49, it was found that when an image is recorded using an image recording ink that is colorless or colored and is transparent or semitransparent on the hiding layer with the hiding property of the recording sheet of the present invention, the hiding property in a region of the hiding layer in which the image is recorded can be decreased selectively to record a transparent or semitransparent image.

However, it was found that it is effective in terms of improving the fastness of the recorded image to use a photocuring ink rather than an aqueous ink as the image recording ink.

Also, it was found that as the photocuring ink, it is especially preferable to use an ink that is a photocuring ink of a solvent system containing the respective components mentioned above and excludes a high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) as a radical polymerizable component or includes the high Tg polyfunctional monomer (II) at a ratio of less than 30 mass % for the effect of decreasing the hiding property of the region in which an image is recorded.

The present application corresponds to Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-199021 filed on Oct. 31, 2019 in the Japan Patent Office, Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-236039 filed on Dec. 26, 2019 in the Japan Patent Office, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-11003 filed on Jan. 27, 2020 in the Japan Patent Office, and the entire disclosures of these applications are individually incorporated herein by reference.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention were described in detail above, these are merely specific examples used to clarify the technical contents of the present invention and the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to these specific examples and the scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Number	Date	Country	Kind
2019-199021	Oct 2019	JP	national
2019-236039	Dec 2019	JP	national
2020-011003	Jan 2020	JP	national

INKJET INK, HIDING LAYER COATING AGENT, RECORDING SHEET AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, RECORDED PRODUCT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND IMAGE RECORDING INK

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