Patent Application
20240344526
This disclosure relates generally to centrifugal pumps and more particularly to slurry pumps. Slurries are usually a mixture of liquid and particulate solids, and are commonly found in minerals processing, sand and gravel and/or dredging industry. The disclosure is particularly concerned with an improved pump side component which may form part of a pump liner. The pump side component may in some applications form part of an unlined pump; that is a pump having a pump casing with no separate liners.
One form of centrifugal slurry pumps generally comprises an outer pump casing which encases a liner. The liner has a pumping chamber therein which may be of a volute, semi volute or concentric configuration, and is arranged to receive an impeller which is mounted for rotation within the pumping chamber. A drive shaft is operatively connected to the pump impeller for causing rotation thereof, the drive shaft entering the pump casing from one side. The pump further includes a pump inlet which is typically coaxial with respect to the drive shaft and located on the opposite side of the pump casing to the drive shaft. There is also a discharge outlet typically located at a periphery of the pump casing. The liner includes a main liner (sometimes referred to as the volute) and front and back side liners which are encased within the outer pump casing. The front side liner is often referred to as the front liner suction plate or throatbush. The back side liner is often referred to as the frame plate liner insert.
The impeller typically includes a hub to which the drive shaft is operatively connected, and at least one shroud. Pumping vanes are provided on one side of the shroud with discharge passageways between adjacent pumping vanes. The impeller may be of the closed type where two shrouds are provided with the pumping vanes being disposed therebetween. The shrouds are often referred to as the front shroud adjacent the pump inlet and the back shroud. This may also be of the open face type which comprises one shroud only.
One of the major wear areas in the slurry pump is the front and back side-liners. Slurry enters the impeller in the centre or eye, and is then flung out to the periphery of the impeller and into the pump casing. Because there is a pressure difference between the casing and the eye, there is a tendency for the slurry to try and migrate into a gap which is between the side-liners and the impeller, resulting in high wear on the side-liners.
In order to try and reduce wear in the region of the gap, it has been the practice for slurry pumps to have auxiliary or expelling vanes on the front shroud of the impeller. Auxiliary or expelling vanes may also be provided on the back shroud. The expelling vanes rotate the slurry in the gap creating a centrifugal field and thus reducing the driving pressure for the returning flow, reducing the flow velocity and thus the wear on the side-liner. The purpose of these auxiliary vanes is to reduce flow re-circulation through the gap. These auxiliary vanes also reduce the influx of relatively large solid particles in this gap. While the auxiliary vanes are effective particularly in handling the larger solid particulates in the slurry mixture in the gap they can be less effective in handling the smaller particulates in the slurry mixture which is immediately adjacent the surface of the side part.
In a first aspect, embodiments are disclosed of a pump side part for use with a centrifugal slurry pump for pumping a fluid mixture contain particulate matter, the pump side part comprising a main body having a main axis, the main body including a side wall section which extends laterally with respect to the main axis and has opposite facing first and second sides, a plurality of formations on a surface of the second side including an inner formation and an outer formation in spaced relation to the inner formation, the formations being configured so that in use the formations generate a flow of the fluid mixture across the surface which detaches from the surface the particulate matter adjacent thereto.
In certain embodiments the main body includes an outer peripheral side wall or rim extending between the first and second sides, the second side having an outer edge adjacent the peripheral side wall or rim and an inner edge, the formations being generally circular or ring like in configuration when viewed in the direction of the main axis and arranged generally concentrically with the main axis.
In a second aspect, embodiments are disclosed of a pump side part comprising a main body having a main axis the main body including a side wall section which extends laterally with respect to the main axis and has opposite facing first and second sides, an outer peripheral side wall or rim extending between the first and second sides, the second side having an outer edge adjacent the peripheral side wall or rim and an inner edge; a plurality of formations on a surface of the second side including an inner formation and an outer formation in spaced relation to the inner formation, the formations being generally circular or ring like in configuration when viewed in the direction of the main axis and arranged generally concentrically with the main axis.
In certain embodiments, the inner formation is adjacent to the inner edge and the outer formation is adjacent to the outer edge.
In certain embodiments, the side part further includes one or more intermediate formations, the intermediate formations being generally circular ring like in configuration and arranged concentrically with the main axis and in spaced relation to one another and the inner and outer formations.
In certain embodiments, the formations are in the form of channels or recesses in the surface of the second side.
In certain embodiments, the channels are generally continuous and arcuate in cross-sectional profile.
In certain embodiments, the surface of the second side is generally wave like in cross-sectional profile.
In certain embodiments, the adjacent formations are spaced apart by a distance approximately the width of the channel or recess.
In certain embodiments, the formations have generally smooth sides and include a smooth transition between formations along the surface of the second side.
In certain embodiments the formations include formation curves that are inclined from a plane in line with the general direction of the surface 37,16 at less than 45°.
In certain embodiments, the second side includes a section which is generally at right angles to the main axis.
In certain embodiments, wherein the main body further includes an inlet section which extends from the first side in the directions of the main axis and generally co-axial therewith.
In certain embodiments, the second side includes a section which is inclined towards the inlet section.
In certain embodiments, the pump side part is a back side part.
In certain embodiments, the pump side part is a front side part.
In a third aspect, embodiments are disclosed of the combination of a slurry pump side part as described above and a slurry pump impeller, the impeller comprising one or more shrouds and a plurality of pumping vanes the or each shroud having an outer face and an impeller inlet, the impeller inlet being coaxial with an impeller rotation axis; wherein the outer face of the impeller shroud and the surface of the second side of the pump side part are arranged in used to be facing one another with a gap therebetween the gap having an outer gap having an outer opening and an inner opening.
In certain embodiments, the front shroud outer face of the impeller includes an outer region, an inner region and an intermediate region therebetween, the intermediate region being in a plane generally at right angles to the impeller rotation axis and the inner region being inclined towards the pumping vanes; and wherein the surface of the second side of the pump part includes an outer region with an inner regions and an intermediate region between the outer and inner regions which is inclined from the said plane in a direction towards the inlet section, the inner region extending in a direction away from the intermediate region and in a direction away from the front side of the side wall section and generally following the inner region of the outer face of the impeller front shroud, and wherein the outer face of the impeller front shroud and the surface of the second side of the pump side part are arranged in use to be facing one another with a gap therebetween the gap having an outer opening and an inner opening, the surface of the second side of the side wall section being configured so that the cross-sectional dimension of the gap increases in a direction toward the impeller rotation axis in the intermediate region, and the inner region terminating at the inner opening.
Other aspects, features, and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are a part of this disclosure and which illustrate by way of example, principles of inventions disclosed.
Notwithstanding any other forms which may fall within the scope of the method and apparatus as set forth in the Summary, specific embodiments of the method and apparatus will now be described, by way of example, and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Referring in particular to
The pump 10 further comprises a pump inner liner 11 arranged within the outer casing 22 and which includes a main liner 12 and two side liners 14, 30. The side liner 14 is located nearer the rear end of the pump 10 (that is, nearest to the pedestal or base 112), and the other side liner (or front liner) 30 is located nearer the front end of the pump and inlet hole 28. The side liner 14 is also referred to as the back side part or frame plate inner insert and the side liner 30 is also referred to as the front side part or throatbrush. The main liner comprises two side openings therein. As shown in
As shown in
When the pump is assembled, the side openings in the main liner 12 are filled by or receive the two side liners 14, 30 to form a continuously-lined pumping chamber 42 disposed within the pump outer casing 22. A seal chamber housing 114 encloses the side liner (or back side part) 14 and is arranged to seal the space or chamber 118 between drive shaft 116 and the pedestal or base 112 to prevent leakage from the back area of the outer casing 22. The seal chamber housing takes the form of a circular disc section and an annular section with a central bore, and is known in one arrangement as a stuffing box 117. The stuffing box 117 is arranged adjacent to the side liner 14 and extends between the pedestal 112 and a shaft sleeve and packing that surrounds drive shaft 116.
As shown in
The impeller 40 includes a hub 41 from which a plurality of circumferentially spaced pumping vanes 43 extend. An eye portion 47 extends forwardly from the hub 41 towards the passage 33 in the front liner 30. The impeller 40 further includes a front shroud 50 and a back shroud 51, the vanes 43 being disposed and extending therebetween and an impeller inlet 48. The hub 41 extends through a hole 17 in back liner 14.
The impeller front shroud 50 includes an inner face 55, an outer face 54 and a peripheral edge portion 56. The back shroud 51 includes an inner face 53, an outer face 52 and a peripheral edge portion 57. The front shroud 50 includes an inlet 48, being the impeller inlet and the vanes 42 extend between the inner faces of the shrouds 50, 51. The shrouds are generally circular or disc-shaped when viewed in elevation; that is in the direction of rotation axis X-X.
As illustrated in
As shown in particular in
The front side part 30 has a main or central axis Y-Y (
As shown in
In the embodiment of
The outer face of the impeller front shroud 50 and surface of the second side of the pump side part 30 are arranged in use to be facing one another with a gap 80 therebetween the gap having an outer opening 82 and an inner opening 83, the second side of the side wall section being configured so that in the case of
The dimension of the gap 80 between the inner region 72 of the outer face 54 of the impeller front shroud 50 and the inner region 78 of the surface of the pump side part 30 decreases in the direction from the intermediate region 77 towards the inner edge 62.
As shown in detail in
In the embodiment shown in
The formations may be in the forms of channels or recesses 94, 136 in the surface 37, 16 although in an alternative embodiment they may be in the form of raised projections extending from the surface 37, 16. As best seen in
The formations 90, 95 may have generally smooth sides and smooth transition between formations along the surface 37, 16 wherein the formations include formation curves that are inclined from a plane 140, 142, 143 in line with the general direction of the surface 37, 16 at less than 45°. Otherwise stated the transition between the formations 90, 95 along the surface of the second side 37, 16 is free from any portions or intermediate surfaces that are inclined at greater than 45° from a plane in line with the general direction of the surface 37, 16.
In another embodiment and with reference to
In another embodiment, the formations are in the form of channels 94, 136 where the cross sectional shape is such that the arcs (of circle) composing the formations connect with one another other in a tangential manner.
The formations 90, 95 act on the slurry mixture adjacent the surface 37, 16 of the second side 65, 18 of the pump side part causing the flow to develop an undulating motion whereby the particles adjacent to the surface tend to become detached or more separated from the inner surface. Otherwise stated, the distribution of the formations 90, 95 across a surface 37, 16 of a pump side part effects the turbulence of the particles and reduces settlement at particular localised locations thereby decreasing localised wear when the centrifugal slurry pump is in use.
In certain embodiments, the pump side parts 14, 30 as herein described are used with centrifugal slurry pumps where transport of solids in the form of slurries is involved. Applications for the centrifugal slurry pumps are often found in the mining industry where slurries are transported. The pump side parts are located in regions of the centrifugal slurry pump where slurry must pass through sealing gaps in the centrifugal pump assembly. As a result, the slurry material that is in contact with the pump side parts 14, 30 may typically have a particle size with an average diameter of 300 microns. The slurry material that is in contact with the pump side parts may also have a particle size diameter in the range of 100 micron to 1000 micron. The slurry material that is in contact with the pump side parts may also have a specific gravity of between 1.5 to 3.8.
Computational experiments were carried out to simulate flow patterns in various designs of side part, using commercial software ANSYS CFX to compare currently known side parts with a side part having formations in the form disclosed. This software applies Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods to solve the velocity field for the fluid being pumping. The software is capable of solving many other variables of interest however velocity and vorticity are the variables which have been considered.
The simulations showed that the side part having formations as described caused a reduction in the velocity of the slurry in the region of the gap between the side part and the impeller for the different BEP flow rates compared with conventional side parts. This led to a reduction of wear of the component.
As is known the front side part or liner provides for a sealing function, inhibiting the fluid energised by the impeller from returning to the suction main stream. In general, the gap between the impeller and this side liner is very small (for example 0.5 to 5 mm). this proximity, in the case of centrifugal slurry pumps, is responsible for the high erosion rates the part endures, becoming eventually the component with the shortest life cycle. This tight proximity reduces the options for geometry changes intended to improve wear life without effecting over overall performance.
The liquid-solids mixture entering the gap between the rotating impeller and static side part or liner has a very erosive action on the surface thereof, that being an inner surface adjacent to and facing the impeller. The severity of this erosion depends on the pump parameters and mixture characteristics, but the principle is basically the fluid flow upon the component, but at the same time seeking to maintain the pump performance.
The formations act on the slurry mixture adjacent the surface of the second side of the pump side part causing the flow to develop an undulating motion whereby the particles adjacent to the surface tend to become detached or more separated from the inner surface. By causing the detachment the erosive action and the wear caused by the particulates in the flow stream adjacent the surface is reduced. In certain embodiments the gap width can vary starting from a minimum width at the periphery of the surface to a maximum distance closer to impeller/liner eye region, and then approaching minimum distance at the inner edge.
The progressive wide impeller side liner gap reduces the velocity and erosive action of mixture flow layer close to the liner surface. The grooves have the effect of reducing particles settling effect and acting as an alternative surface that resists erosion.
In the foregoing description of preferred embodiments, specific terminology has been resorted to for the sake of clarity. However, the invention is not intended to be limited to the specific terms so selected, and it is to be understood that each specific term includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar technical purpose. Terms such as “top” and “bottom”, “front” and “rear”, “inner” and “outer”, “above”, “below”, “upper” and “lower” and the like are used as words of convenience to provide reference points and are not to be construed as limiting terms.
The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgement or admission or any form of suggestion that prior publication (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavour to which this specification relates.
In this specification, the word “comprising” is to be understood in its “open” sense, that is, in the sense of “including”, and thus not limited to its “closed” sense, that is the sense of “consisting only of”. A corresponding meaning is to be attributed to the corresponding words “comprise”, “comprised” and “comprises” where they appear.
In addition, the foregoing describes only some embodiments of the invention(s), and alterations, modifications, additions and/or changes can be made thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosed embodiments, the embodiments being illustrative and not restrictive.
Furthermore, invention(s) have been described in connection with what are presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the invention(s). Also, the various embodiments described above may be implemented in conjunction with other embodiments, e.g., aspects of one embodiment may be combined with aspects of another embodiment to realize yet other embodiments. Further, each independent feature or component of any given assembly may constitute an additional embodiment.
The reference numerals in the following claims do not in any way limit the scope of the respective claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017904120 | Oct 2017 | AU | national |
This is a continuation application of non-provisional application Ser. No. 17/284,603, filed Apr. 12, 2021, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,965,526 on Apr. 23, 2024, Ser. No. 17/284,603 being a national phase entry under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of PCT/AU2018/051107, filed Oct. 12, 2018, which claims priority to Australian Patent Application No. 2017904120 filed Oct. 12, 2017, the entirety of each of which is incorporated by this reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17284603 | Apr 2021 | US |
| Child | 18630184 | US |
