Patent Grant
8690511
This invention relates to transportation and logistics systems, and more particularly to an Inline Terminal, Hub and Distribution system.
Freight transport continues to grow at a rapid pace, especially in the heavy-rail sector. Severe bottlenecks are seen in existing rail transfer terminals, which result in freight delays. Most such terminals have little or no right-of-way available for terminal expansion. Inefficiencies associated with moving containers from terminal to terminal by truck, to transfer between long-distance rail carriers (corridors), introduce significant delays, costs and inefficiencies. Further, truck activity on urban and suburban freeways cause increased fuel consumption and pollution emissions.
In connection with transportation logistics, market forces are driving the development of new technologies to improve the efficiency of freight transfer operations at rail terminals. A rail ThruPort, which is analogous to an airports, refers to a rail facility where Class I railroads will be able to dock and exchange freight with a high degree of automation. This transfer method can increase freight transfer efficiency. Additionally, ThruPorts can help to significantly reduce on road truck traffic associated with the current practice of moving containers, typically across town, from terminal to terminal, to make a corridor transfer from the east to the west, for example. As used herein, a ThruPort refers to an efficient operational solution in connection with a rail facility, whereby an overhead crane can be used to shuffle containers from train to train in a single step.
In connection with transportation logistics, there is a need for the development of new technologies to improve the efficiency of freight transfer operations at rail terminals.
In its simplest form, an Inline Terminal, Hub and Distribution system and process flow diagram 100 is shown (hereafter referred to interchangeably as Inline Terminal, Inline System and/or Hub and Distribution System). Referring to
The term “container” as used herein has its common ordinary meaning, and can include any type of container, such as an ISO container, domestic container, semi-trailer, enclosure, trailer and the like, as understood by those skilled in the art. In a preferred embodiment, ISO and domestic containers with conventional corner castings work well in this system.
The terms “tractor, truck and tractor trailer” have their generally accepted meanings and are generally used interchangeably. These vehicles are used to pull, carry and/or haul containers.
The “Strip Mall” design, concept and layout provides an efficient design layout, whereby all the necessary buildings, storage, roadways, traffic flows, track placements, offices, parking and the like, are strategically placed for simplified operations and minimal unnecessary movement of containers, while striking a balance with the available real estate, as should be understood by those skilled in the art. The terminal can be owned, for example, by one entity or a number of different entities, to minimize or share operational costs and maximize efficient transportation logistics, as will be more fully appreciated from a review of the drawings and the description in this application.
The Inline Terminal or “Throughport” concept and design provides a seamless flow of cargo that requires less real estate and storage area for storing trailers and containers. An important factor relative to the Inline Terminal is that it can help to reduce handling of cargo. The inline Terminal design is flexible in that the trackside operation can be changed in a matter of minutes to accommodate new requirements or unforeseen events (trackside ramp operations unloading and loading in and outbound trains with cargo which are stored in containers and trailers), for example.
The Inline Terminal concept also includes an integrated distribution hub center with a strip-mall configuration located on a rail intermodal property directly adjacent to a ramp operation for receiving or shipping cargo by rail in lieu of truck trailers. It also accommodates truck line carriers located on the rail premises for the purpose of utilizing the rail shipment of freight in trailers in lieu of using the highway, which will reduce the truck line operating costs, congestion on the highway, fuel consumption and poisonous gases into the atmosphere.
The Inline Terminal or through port layout can operate all necessary functions inline (parallel to the tracks), and controls most necessary functions under an overhead crane for its operation, for inbound and outbound cargo, including temporary storage of containers at 142 with cargo, under the crane. A “strip mall” is adjacent and substantially parallel with the inline ramp operation and is typically substantially rectangular, or can be approximately 1200 ft wide by 800 ft. to 2 miles long depending on anticipated volume of traffic, and is designed to be adaptable and “flexible enough to expand the operating procedures depending on the anticipated volume.
The Inline Terminal design can include 15 to 20 tracks under an overhead crane with typically one or two grapplers to load and unload cargo from the tracks beneath the crane. Some of the tracks can be dedicated to certain railroad lines, such as Santa Fee, Union Pacific, Conrail, Norfolk and CSX, for example. Thus, various concourses such as tracks a and b, could be concourse one, tracks c and d could correspond to concourse two, tracks e and f could be concourse three and so forth, and in turn each concourse could relate to an individual railroad line and/or corridor. As will be appreciated, a grappler can simply pick up one to three containers from a rail car on one track (on an east corridor) and move them to a different rail car on a different track (on a different corridor, say a south corridor), on rail cars owned by the same or 15 different railroad lines.
The terminal manager has the ability to accommodate any change in his operating volume by changing the design of the ramp operation to any trackside configuration whenever it is deemed necessary to maintain the desired flow of cargo in a matter of minutes. Changing the ramp trackside operation can be done any time of day in the event of the following:
The terminal manager has a multiplicity of different operations to select from, depending on the circumstances, whether it is a late arrival outbound, an unexpected influx of cargo volume, derailment, etc. Also, the terminal manager can setup his ramp operations to a two to one, four to one, or six or eight to one track layout unloading on one side of the track leaving the unloaded trailers or containers ready for pickup at trackside and loading outbound trailers or containers on other side of the tracks.
The total requirement for real estate including all roadways, storage area, gate entry and exits, strip malls and ramp operations can vary widely, and typically can be from 800 ft long to 2 miles long and 1200 ft wide depending on volume. The Inline System can be designed with a 1200 ft wide configuration to encourage other railroad carriers who are required to transfer interchange to another corridor other than their own and now can be located as neighbors adjacent to one another to simplify interchange and the flow of traffic and still be able to operate independently from the other carriers that are all within a close proximity on the same real estate plot of land.
Conventional known terminals that are in existence today do not have any or all of the outlined advantages described herein.
The first transporting step 102, can include: entering a hub and distribution center comprising a substantially contiguous site including a plurality of train rails and a distribution warehouse in proximity to the train rails; and checking in to obtain instructions, directions, permissions, 5 the rules of the facility and the like.
In more detail, the transporting step 102 can include: providing at least one inbound dock and at least one outbound dock on a same side or different side of the distribution warehouse; and allowing the inbound and outbound docks to be used interchangeably.
In a preferred embodiment, the terminal includes entering a terminal with a substantially centrally located entrance for the truck operator, to provide a logical, required and intuitive traffic flow in the terminal. Advantageously, this provides for ease of movement, simplicity in traffic flow and monitoring, and an intuitive roadway (simplified logistics), to allow such truck operators to check in, if needed, and enter and exit in the most efficient manner possible.
The sorting step 106 can include at least one of: moving at least some of the container contents (or cargo) to temporary storage for later loading; and loading at least some of the contents into an outbound 20 container.
In a preferred embodiment, the sorting step 106 includes inspecting the contents to confirm that it is not damaged; inventorying the inbound container; and documenting the results of the inspecting and inventorying steps.
In a preferred embodiment, the second transporting step 110 includes positioning and aligning the outbound container in a substantially 5 parallel orientation with respect to and adjacent to the rail tracks by using a tractor trailer.
In more detail, the second loading step 112 can include: lifting a container in a substantially vertical and horizontal direction; transporting the container in a substantially perpendicular direction with respect to the 10 rail tracks; and lowering the container in a substantially vertical direction onto a railroad car, in a substantially unitary step by use of a crane.
In one embodiment, the crane includes a straddle lift type crane, for example, a Translift type crane, available from Mi-Jack Products, Inc. in Hazel Crest, Ill., for improved efficiency in loading and unloading operations,
The inline terminal, hub and distribution center 124 includes a check in office 148 for providing at least one or more of instructions, directions, permissions and rules to truck drivers and operators for improved efficiency.
The track side location 142, as shown in
In a preferred embodiment, the distribution warehouse 132 includes means for sorting the cargo of the inbound container, manually or automatically with a fork lift, for example, including at least one of: means for inspecting the cargo, visually, by use of cameras, and the like; means for inventorying the inbound container, with bare code scanning, RF identification and the like; and means for documenting the results of the inspection and inventory, by means of a computing or the like device.
The first and second tractor trucks are the same or different tractor trucks with the same or different operators.
In a preferred application, the crane includes a straddle lift crane and the hub and distribution center comprises a generally long and narrow plot of land for improved utilization of the available space and improved efficiency for loading and unloading of trains.
In one embodiment, the inline terminal, hub and distribution system provides a high density and narrow-profile continuous plot (or substantially contiguous site) of land substantially adjacent and parallel to railroad tracks. The system provides improved utilization of the available space and improved efficiency for loading and unloading of trains.
The inline terminal, hub and distribution center can be a secure area, which can be enclosed with a fence and have at least one or more security gates.
The docks are constructed to provide a structure to facilitate loading and unloading of containers.
The inline terminal, hub and distribution center is designed to allow all personnel, that is, the control station and check in personnel, truck operators, crane operators, engineers, loaders, devaning (unloading) personnel and the like to work together as a team, to provide an efficient team effort and process. It is desirable to have a smooth, steady and efficient flow of trains and tractor trailers in and out of the facility.
Additionally, operators and security personnel are able to communicate with each other, using cell phones, transceivers, and the like for improved efficiencies of the operations. Thus, the various operators can communicate and/or control various equipment via land lines or wirelessly, as appropriate.
In a preferred embodiment, outdoor storage facilities for containers, positioned near the tracks are used, for improved space utilization of the available real estate.
In a preferred embodiment, straddle lift type cranes, known as Translifts, provide an efficient and unitary means of moving, picking and placing with its spreader, the containers on and off railcars, tractor trailers and the like.
It is contemplated, for example, that the unloading step can include a “just-in-time” option, comprising unloading a first container directly 10 from the train car to a tractor trailer or vice versa (rail or street inbound), free of a storage step. This could be desirable if a container is needed right away and thus allows for expedited unloading.
The inline terminal, hub and distribution center can include storage areas on opposite sides of the track, for improved space utilization.
As illustrated in
As shown in the figures, several cranes can be used to load and unload in this operation. For example, Translift cranes typically have two grapplers on a single crane. One grappler picks up a container out of a double stack railcar and creates an empty double stack car for the second grappler to deposit two containers for interchange on the same double stack car. Stated another way, one grappler creates an empty double stack car and the other deposits one or more containers on the same car.
In a preferred embodiment, using two grapplers on a single crane is a highly efficient method of interchange. For example, if containers on a west corridor (tracks) must be transferred to an east corridor (different tracks), or vice versa, two grapplers working in harmony can significantly simplify and reduce the interchange cycle time.
As should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, having a plurality of cranes working in harmony, can provide a more efficient operation and reduces cycle time.
In the embodiment shown in
Notes for embodiment shown in
Fifteen train rails are configured under the overhead crane. It has the capability of providing six dedicated corridors for all class 1 railroads, two for one design for intermodal ramp operation.
All track centers are sixteen feet wide, with a paved ground level to track. Advantageously, at sixteen feet centers, it allows enough room between rail cars to drive a Grunt (small pick up like-truck, with a high platform), to remove or install IBCs (interbox connectors). The platform is at a predetermined level, to allow a person to be at the correct level or height of a corner casting of a container, to install or remove IBCs easily.
A terminal manager has the capability to configure the ramp operation depending on the volume at the terminal.
This terminal layout illustrates the purpose of accommodating truck 25 line carriers and warehouse hub centers, similar to single company centers, such as Wal-Mart, who market general merchandise and who have their hub centers located on rail premises.
The amount of warehousing and layout depends on the available real estate and needs or application.
The numbers above the crane illustrate the track number. Above each number on the crane there is a light which indicates the status of the blue flag, in a preferred embodiment.
Detailed below is an intermodal facility feature identification chart, for the inline terminal, hub and distribution center embodiment shown in
Detailed below are additional notes regarding the embodiment shown in
Cranes do not run under the bridge, but do operate on either side of the bridge. This note is provided in one design to be thorough in the drawings. The terminal is located below an expressway, and the bridge has little relevance to the instant invention.
Warehousing, number of tracks and cranes are shown for illustration purposes only. As should be understood by those skilled in the art, size, location and quantity may vary widely depending on the available real estate, budget, application, etc.
Referring to
In a preferred embodiment, the trucking step 212 includes the second tractor trailer, entering the terminal at a substantially central location; providing a substantially contiguous site including a plurality of train rails and at least one distribution warehouse in proximity to the train rails, defining a strip mall complex; and the second tractor trailer, checking in to obtain pick up instructions and directions. This helps to 15 provide a directed work and traffic flow in and around the terminal.
As should be understood by those skilled in the art, the inbound dock and the outbound dock can be on a same side or different sides of the distribution warehouse, and such docks can be used interchangeably. Typically, there are several docks to allow for multiple loadings and unloading of containers, distributing and sorting of cargo and the like, substantially simultaneously, for improved efficiencies in scale.
Likewise, the emptying step 208 can include sorting and distributing the cargo in the warehouse, moving at least some of the cargo from the first container to temporary storage in the distribution warehouse for later loading; and loading at least some of the cargo into the second container or a different container.
As detailed previously in connection with an earlier embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, the emptying step 208 can include sorting the cargo, which includes: inspecting the cargo to confirm that it is not damaged; inventorying the first container; and documenting the results of the inspecting and inventorying steps. These steps are important so that one can audit the process and eliminate or minimize waste or core problems in connection with logistics, for example.
As discussed with previous embodiments, in a preferred embodiment a strip mall complex is provided, and it includes the terminal, distribution warehouse, offices for security and terminal employees, accessible temporary container storage both indoors and outside, a series of roadways and pathways for pedestrians, maintenance shops and the like and parking, adapted to improve efficiency in transporting containers, safety and logistics of working personnel.
In a preferred embodiment, the carrying step 204 can include: lifting a container from the railroad car in a substantially vertical direction; transporting the container in a substantially perpendicular direction with respect to the rail tracks; and lowering the container in a substantially vertical direction onto the track side location, in a substantially unitary movement by use of a crane. A straddle lift crane is particularly adapted to perform this step efficiently.
As shown in
Preferably, each terminal has a strip mall complex for improved efficiencies.
Referring to the figures, in one embodiment, the system 200 includes: a terminal including a substantially contiguous plot of land having a roadway with an entrance 126 and an exit 128, a plurality of train rails 130 and a distribution warehouse 124 in proximity to the train rails 130; the distribution warehouse 124 including an inbound dock for facilitating emptying and distributing of cargo and an outbound dock, wherein the distribution warehouse 124 is adapted to allow ease of movement of cargo between the inbound and outbound docks and provide temporary storage of the cargo; a crane for carrying a container 10 from a railroad car 146 to a track side location 142 or visa versa (discussed previously with respect to an earlier embodiment); and at least one tractor truck 140 for trucking the container from the track side location to or from an inbound or outbound loading dock or visa versa (discussed previously with respect to an earlier embodiment); and the at 15 least one tractor truck 120 for trucking the container from the outbound loading dock to a desired location away from the terminal.
Preferably, the entrance 126 to the terminal includes a roadway strategically positioned to direct the tractor trucks to begin at a substantially centrally located position for defining a desired traffic flow in and around the terminal.
As should be understood by those skilled in the art, the terminal is adapted to accommodate a plurality of cranes, tractor trailers, roadways and movement of containers independently and in an integrated fashion, to provide a steady flow of containers in and out of the terminal. Likewise, the strip mall provides similar advantages to workers, maintenance and office personnel, pedestrians, etc.
In its simplest form, as illustrated in
In one application, the system can further include the steps of: moving the first container 122, in
The picking and placing step can include rotating the first container at an angle of at least fifteen or more degrees, as shown in
In one embodiment, in more detail the picking and placing step can 10 include: lifting the first container from the railroad car in a substantially vertical direction; transporting the first container in a substantially perpendicular direction with respect to the rail tracks; rotating the first container at an angle of at least ten or more degrees with respect to the trail rails and aligning the first container with the at least one buffer; and lowering the first container in a substantially vertical direction onto the at least one buffer, in a substantially unitary motion by use of a crane. In a preferred embodiment, this can be accomplished by a Stackpacker, available from Mi-Jack Products, Inc. without a need for a turntable accessory.
In yet more detail, the picking and placing step includes: positioning a plurality of buffers substantially adjacent to the train rails, at the track side location; providing the plurality of buffers at an angle of at least ten or more degrees with respect to the train rails; locating each of the plurality of buffers substantially immediately adjacent to each other; and placing each of the plurality of buffers in a substantially parallel arrangement with respect to an immediately adjacent buffer. These steps provide a very dense placement of the buffers, for improved available space utilization.
In yet another application, the picking and placing step includes: positioning a plurality of buffers substantially adjacent to the train rails, at the track side location; providing the plurality of buffers substantially perpendicular with respect to the train rails; locating each of the plurality of buffers substantially immediately adjacent to each other; and placing each of the plurality of buffers in a substantially parallel arrangement with respect to an immediately adjacent buffer. Likewise, these steps provide 10 very good and very dense placements of the buffers, for improved available space utilization. In a preferred embodiment, a turntable accessory can be used to rotate the container substantially perpendicular with respect to the tracks. This turntable accessory is available from Mi-Jack Products, Inc. and can carry and rotate a container from zero to ninety degrees, which can accommodate buffers which are placed parallel to perpendicular to the train rails, as best illustrated in
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in
The placing step can include sensing proper height and alignment of the first container, prior to the latching and engaging step, for efficient placement of containers. In a preferred embodiment, this step further includes providing a signal to a crane operator to stop lowering the first container for added efficiencies.
In one embodiment, the placing step includes sensing proper height and alignment of the first container, and triggering the latching and engaging step, for further automation and repeatability and quicker operations.
In another embodiment, the placing step includes sensing proper height and alignment of the first container, and triggering the latching and engaging step, by interconnecting and engaging with bottom corner castings of the first container, for an improved and efficient operation.
Turning to the releasing step, it can include actuating twist locks of a crane to unlock and disengage with the first container, to free up the crane for the next task or lift.
The latching and engaging step can include providing a predetermined height sufficient to allow a chassis, flat bed truck or the like, to be located under the first container, for subsequent lowering and transporting to a desired location. Advantageously, this step does not require the crane or the crane operator, thus allowing a user to lower and transport-the container to a-desired location while a crane operator is performing a different operation, such as loading or unloading a train car or buffer, for example.
In a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises sensing at least one of height, length and alignment of the first container in the containment cavity, for improved efficiencies in operations.
In one embodiment, the lowering step includes at least one of actuating the buffer to begin the lowering step, providing a hoisting mechanism to allow raising and lowering, and releasing the support structure from lower corner castings of the first container. This allows a truck operator to transport a cargo container on a chassis or the like, away from the buffer to a desired location.
In another embodiment, as shown in the figures, an inline terminal system is shown. In its simplest form, it includes: a terminal including a substantially contiguous plot of land having a roadway with an entrance and an exit and train rails; a crane for carrying a container between a railroad car and a track side location, the track side location including at 15 least one buffer at an angle of at least ten or more degrees with respect to the train rails; and at least one tractor truck for transporting the container between the at least one buffer and a desired location away from the track side location.
In more detail, the at least one buffer includes: a plurality of buffers substantially adjacent to the train rails, located at the track side location; the plurality of buffers being at an angle of at least about ten or more degrees with respect to the train rails; the plurality of buffers being substantially immediately adjacent to each other; and the plurality of buffers being in a substantially parallel arrangement with respect to an immediately adjacent buffer. As previously detailed, this provides a densely populated buffer arrangement to load, unload and transport containers, to a desired location.
In a preferred embodiment, the at least one buffer includes a plurality of buffers strategically positioned at the track side being clustered, aligned and in parallel, defining a multiplicity of densely populated buffers, for enhanced space utilization and an improved return on buffer investment.
In a preferred embodiment, the inline terminal system, includes: a terminal including a substantially contiguous plot of land having a roadway, with an entrance and an exit and train rails; a crane for carrying a container between a railroad car and a track side location, the track side location including a plurality of buffers strategically positioned at the track side being clustered, aligned and in parallel, defining a multiplicity of densely populated buffers being positioned at an angle of about degrees or more to the train rails; and at least one tractor truck for transporting the container between the at least one buffer and a desired location away from the track side location. This arrangement advantageously provides a multiplicity of densely populated buffers, for enhanced space utilization and an improved return on buffer investment.
An important factor in determining the degree of angle relative to terminal operations, is the length of track available, to accommodate double stacked rail cars.
In general, double stacked rail cars have two container delivery options. The first option is for two, 40 foot or longer containers stacked and connected on top of each other. The second option is for the double stacked rail car to deliver two, 20 foot containers in a double stacked rail car and one 40 foot or longer container on top of the two 20 foot containers stacked and connected together.
In a preferred embodiment, providing at least three substantially parallel, clustered and closely spaced buffers is an important consideration, for enhancing terminal and overhead crane operation, by reducing and minimizing the unnecessary movement of the overhead crane during the unloading and loading to and from the overhead crane to the buffers.
In terms of design considerations, there are considerations and compromises in designing the system. For example, the longer the track, the smaller the angle between the track and buffers need be, and conversely, the shorter the track (ramp operations) the larger the track-buffer angle can be, since it is desirable, to minimize unnecessary traversing, driving and movement of the overhead crane along the length of the track, while loading and/or unloading buffers and rail cars.
In a preferred embodiment, when three or more buffers are substantially parallel to the overhead crane (perpendicular to the track) or at a buffer-track angle of about ten degrees or more, the crane operator can focus on moving containers directly to or from the buffer and aligned rail car. Thus, the buffer clustering and buffer-track angle, enable the crane operator to minimize the inefficient, slow and unproductive traversing along the tracks, and allow him or her to focus on efficient loading and unloading buffers and rail cars.
Referring to
This embodiment provides a dense placement of the buffers, for an extremely efficient terminal operation. Thus, the dense placement advantageously provides many buffers in a relatively small space and closely positioned, to substantially maximize the number of buffers positioned close to rail tracks.
Inbound and outbound concourses, sides or terminals 334 and 336 are shown for discussion purposes. As is known, terminal operations are dynamic. Accordingly, it is understood by those skilled in the art, that what is referred to as an inbound concourse, could be used for outbound, as appropriate. Each of the buffers 330 can be associated with at least one or more identifiers, such as addresses 338, indicia such as color coding 340 and blocks 342 with numbers 344-366.
In more detail, a first block or group 344 is shown with five parallel and adjacent buffers, and includes additional indicia, such as color coding with lights, signage and/or painted yellow structure, which further can relate to a temporary destination region where the containers placed therein may be shipped.
Likewise, a second block 346 is shown with five parallel and adjacent buffers, and includes additional indicia, such as color coding with lights, signage and/or painted green structure, which further can relate to a temporary destination region where the containers placed therein may be shipped.
This is repeated for blue block 348, orange block 350, red block 352 and purple block 354 for the left side concourse 334, in
In more detail, as shown in
This system provides an efficient and automated pre-blocking in desired pathways adjacent to track rails, such that each pre-blocked group of containers has a similar desired remote destination, so that the containers can be easily loaded on adjacent rail cars in a block having similar desired remote destinations. Thus, pre-blocking is advantageous for loading rail cars at a terminal and blocking is advantageous for transporting to a remote destination and unloading at the remote destination. As used herein, the term block has its common ordinary meaning, and means a quantity, group or number of containers in 5 pathways, dealt with as a unit, along a length of track rails.
Turning to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
In more detail,
More specifically, the series of operational steps 400 are shown in
A sensor 404, such as an RFID scanning device, metal detector and the like, is positioned and configured to indicate and provide a centerline for the container 402. It has a direct relationship to the location of a bottom corner casting 406, when the spreader 401 is lowering the container 402 into the buffer support structure 410.
More particularly, during the placement and alignment process, the centerline of the bottom corner castings 406 are dictated by the centerline of the twist locks 408 and the centerline of the top corner casting 409, shown in the figures. Once the centerlines are correctly aligned and sensed, and it is determined that the container is appropriately aligned, the next phase of the operation can proceed. The dimensions are essentially standard depending on the size, length and width of the international and domestic containers.
Continuing, when the spreader 401 makes contact with the pressure switch 403, it actuates and provides a signal to each side latch 405 to engage and extend inwardly to and partially through the bottom corner castings 406 of the container 402, on all four bottom corner castings of the container 402. When all four-cylinder rods 405 of buffer 410 are engaged in the bottom corner castings 406, the twist locks 408 of the spreader 401, can be automatically disengaged and released from the top corner castings 409 of the container 402. This may be referred to as “a hand off” from the crane to the buffer. Once the rods 405 are appropriately locked into the four bottom corner castings 406, the spreader 401 with twist locks 408, is raised to perform other tasks, as shown in Step B. The buffer 410 is now in position to load the container 402 on a chassis 411 or flatbed truck.
In one embodiment, a truck operator backs the chassis 411 under the container 402, to load the chassis 411, as shown in step B. It should be noted, that in one embodiment, a truck driver may simply drive forward into a buffer.
More particularly, the hoist cylinder 412 is connected to the side latch cylinder 405, which is adapted to support a container, and in this 15 embodiment engage the bottom corner castings 406. Once the chassis is in position for the container 402 to be loaded, as shown in step B, in a manual mode, a driver can then actuate the down hoist button 416 to lower the container on the chassis 411, as shown in Step C. Strategically placed sensors 414, shown in Step D, can be used to sense whether or not the container 402 is appropriately placed on the chassis 411. Once the container 402 is appropriately on the chassis 411, all four side latch cylinders 405 disengage the bottom corner castings 406, and an indicator, such as a green light is energized, and the driver now knows he or she can remove the keycard or swipe card and is ready to pull away from the buffer 410, to exit the terminal or distribution warehouse and to deliver the container 402 to a desired location.
The type of container that will be handled by the buffers is automatically determined by the operator of the crane and sometimes the truck driver. The operators of the crane and truck can manually control the crane or buffer, instead of using automatic control as detailed 5 above. As should be understood, automatic controls can include RF signals communicating between the crane and the buffer.
More specifically, a control pad or manual control box 413 is available and should be located for easy access by a truck driver, for example. It typically includes: control buttons for up-hoist 415 and down hoist 416, operating light 417, slot for keycard 418, side latch in and out control keys 419 and buffer serial number 420.
As should be understood by those skilled in the art, many of the operational steps relative to the driver detailed herein can be automated or semi-automated and can be actuated by: use of an authentic keycard, smartcard, proximity card, radio, key fob, cell phone, computing device (wired or wireless) and the like.
Also should be understood by those skilled in the art, buffers can be substantially permanently affixed to the ground or portable and mobile, similar to as shown in
Referring to
A distribution system 450 is shown in
In a preferred embodiment, it can further include: emptying the contents of the container; sorting the contents of the container; loading an outbound container at an outbound dock of a distribution center; transporting the outbound container to a track side location; loading the outbound container onto a railroad car for transportation to a desired location. This is particularly advantageous in connection with rail terminals.
In a preferred embodiment, the distribution system 450 in
Preferably, prior to the actuating step, the system includes: sensing proper alignment of the container with respect to the support structure; and engaging the container with the support structure, for reliable operation. Thereafter, a locking step can be utilized, to lock the container to the buffer, for after hour deliveries, for example, by a truck operator.
In another application, as shown in
Preferably, the distribution warehouse includes at least one of: facilities for sorting and inventorying cargo; and the at least one buffer includes a plurality of buffers in a substantially parallel and adjacent arrangement. Densely populating buffers allows many buffers to be placed in a small area, for improved productivity.
1. Example One of an Active Buffer
As used herein, a buffer or pathfinder (used interchangeably), means a docking and/or lifting system to expedite the loading and unloading of containers at hubs, terminals, intermodal facilities and the like. It can be referred to as a pathfinder, because it allows a terminal facility to offer multiple options in finding the path of the least operational resistance, thereby minimizing terminal operation costs and enhancing efficiency.
More particularly, without requiring the use of an additional lifting device, the buffer is designed to receive, store, and discharge containers at a terminal when a tractor chassis or crane delivers containers. A terminal can be equipped with a few to over a thousand buffers. The optimal number will depend on the projected amount of inbound or outbound traffic.
Buffers are preferably permanently set trackside in concrete foundations, and a fully equipped terminal can include one thousand buffers per track depending on the available length of the track rails. Each buffer functions like an overhead rail or rubber tire gantry crane, loading or unloading containers on to or off of the truck line carrier's chassis. Independently-powered buffers, can have a lifting capacity of 100,000 pounds, load or unload from truck line chassis to the buffer or from the buffer to the truck line chassis without any assistance from the rail overhead crane. This frees up the crane operator to make other lifts.
The buffer or pathfinder system is independent of, and does not interfere with, ramp operations. In other words, there is no or minimal need to alter operations to accommodate inbound or outbound freight.
Advantageously, there is little or no need for “real time” synchronization between the gate, crane and/or truck operators.
Any container entering or leaving the terminal will require a single overhead crane lift, along with the assistance of the pathfinder, to load or unload a container to or from the truck line chassis or rail car. The sequence will be either from railcar-pathfinder-chassis, or chassis-pathfinder-railcar.
Turning now to Direct Gate Dispatch (DGD) Terminal Operations, the DGD controls the in and outbound traffic that arrives at the gate for picking up containers that have already been delivered at the terminal or delivering containers for outbound trains. With the use of key cards, for example, similar to the system used by the hotel industry for entering rooms, the DGD design makes it possible for gate personnel to direct and operate the in or outbound containers to a specific temporary storage position (Pathfinder), which has its own independent power to lift or lower the container (either load or remove a container or store a container).
Substantially, all of the operational sequences are done at trackside by the truck line driver or other operator. This operation offers no wait self-service.
This type of operation gives the driver complete independence for receiving or delivering containers, independence that permit drivers to be in and out of the terminal in as little as twenty minutes or less, without interrupting or interfering with the overhead crane servicing the in or outbound trains.
While the crane is working over the tracks unloading inbound containers from the rail car to the buffers or pathfinders, the container number and buffer identification are being registered and transmitted to the gate. When the truck line carrier arrives at the gate to pickup an inbound container and after the driver is identified and confirmed, the driver is given a keycard with the buffer number and location of the buffer in the terminal. The driver may be given one or two keycards. In the case of two keycards, one keycard would be to deliver to an empty buffer for outbound departure, and the other for a loaded buffer to unload to the truck line carrier chassis for a local delivery, for example.
The system preferably includes a timing device to record the driver's time in and out of a buffer. The DGD system can be highly automated and should shorten the average time of driver gate queues, and improve driver and truck productivity. For example, by sending automatic notifications to the shipper about an unpicked up container, and assessing a penalty charge after 24 hours, the system minimizes the need for container storage at the terminal.
Relative to inbound containers (Buffer to Chassis), the driver is instructed by the terminal gate personnel to go to a selected buffer gate, 20 and is given a color coded keycard and identification number to operate the buffer for loading the container. After the driver arrives at the selected buffer bay, and the chassis is in the proper position to unload the container from the buffer to the chassis, the driver will insert the keycard into a controller located at window height of the driver side door so that the driver can operate the buffer controls from the cab. A blinking green light signals the driver that he or she is in the correct buffer bay.
The truck driver then pushes the unload button to slowly lower the container from the pathfinder to the chassis. Next, the driver pulls the chassis forward out of the buffer bay and heads toward the exit gate. At the gate, the driver deposits the keycard in a lock box; the exit gate opens, and then automatically closes when the driver and chassis are clear.
In the event of a missing or unaccounted for container, the administrator has an activity record that provides driver identification, including fingerprints and the like, for further investigation.
Turning now to outbound containers (chassis to buffer), once the driver properly positions the chassis and container in the buffer bay, in one embodiment he or she inserts the key card. A blinking green light signals the driver that he or she is at the correct buffer. He or she then pushes the load button, which engages the hoist mechanism, to lift the container off the chassis and on to the buffer. After the container is loaded on the buffer, a green light stops blinking and remains green, which signals the driver to remove the key card and pull the chassis forward. The driver may then exit the terminal or pick up a full container from another buffer to be delivered remotely.
In one embodiment, each section of the pathfinder system can be painted different colors or appropriately color coded, addressed, etc. to identify each corridor (east, west, north, south) so that the truck line carrier delivers the container to the correct buffer for the correct corridor. The system is substantially fail safe, as the keycard card will only operate the selected buffer that it is assigned to for loading the container from the chassis to the buffer.
The system described herein, provides many benefits, such as: Lower fuel requirements to operate equipment and less wait time. Reduced congestion in a terminal. Truck line carrier time in a terminal should be less than 30 minutes. Lower dependency on overhead crane. Less operating personnel. Late inbound train arrivals can be unloaded faster from a buffer system than a conventional chassis container at trackside system. All outbound containers are placed at a track side pathfinder, essential for expediting arrival of outbound trains particularly when inbound trains are arriving late. No or minimal need for stacking of containers for inbound or outbound operation. No or minimal need for remote storage areas. No or minimal need for chassis requirements or chassis stackers. Requires minimal real estate. For example, in one calculation, on 142 acres (including 14% devoted to Pathfinder storage for overlay of 30 hrs before pickup), an inline DGD/Pathfinder system would entail: 3 independent inline ramp operations each with 2 tracks and 1,040 Pathfinder stands for each ramp (total of 3,120 Pathfinder stands), and thirty-two, 42′ roadways. In comparison, a conventional terminal design would require 300 acres for the same capacity of 1,140,000 lifts per year. Lower costs for inline construction terminal design. Lower costs and minimal crane picks to operate the instant 20 operation. All containers for storage can be immediately selected without multiple handling.
2. Example Two
Turning now to buffer operations at a distribution center, many efficiencies of the system can be realized using buffer systems. Thus, the many advantages detailed herein are also adaptable by the business community, in applications like distribution warehousing and the like. If receiving docks are equipped with two or three pathfinder stations, the costs savings can be apparent to truck line carriers, ship lines and the company using pathfinders to receive container freight. Detailed below are some benefits.
A company's normal business operation will not be interrupted for full loads of freight in a container. (Presently, typically anytime a truck line carrier arrives to deliver freight it must be unloaded in one hour or there will be an extra charge to the receiving party for the driver's time and equipment utilization. This surcharge will no longer be a concern for companies with a pathfinder.)
Once the driver is in position to unload the container from the chassis to the pathfinder it can take as little as ten minutes or less.
To minimize empty loads and bobtails, if there is an adjacent pathfinder station with an empty container ready for pickup, the driver will be able to unload the empty container from the pathfinder to the chassis, return the empty container to the rail terminal, and lower it into a pathfinder for shipment for an outbound train. The truck line carrier is now available to pickup another full container to deliver to another business.
The self-service nature of the pathfinder allows for truck line carriers to deliver more freight at any time of day or night. Freight in the container can be unloaded at the convenience of the warehouse receiving manager. Freight in a container can also be used as a temporary storage area on a lease per day rate. Receiving docks without Pathfinder stations will be readily available to receive normal deliveries.
The option of delaying unloading delivered containers gives warehouse managers can increase the productivity of their receiving and shipping departments.
When a container is empty, it will be available for reloading of the container for shipment of the company's products.
Empty containers can be picked up and delivered to other companies for shipment in the area.
Shipping lines empty containers can be returned faster.
Companies, who have large deliveries of components, or delivery surges at certain times of the year, can use containers as extra storage space upon delivery. By renting containers on a per day basis for these peak inventory periods, the ship lines can generate income from their container assets (for example, at $5 per day, and 10,000 rented, the ship lines would generate $1,500,000 per month for containers equipped with a GPS tracking system).
In connection with communications, as should be understood by those skilled in the art, communication equipment exists to significantly boost the productivity of the inland intermodal terminal and distribution centers that the terminal services. With terminals, dispatchers, drivers and container sharing information on a wireless network, it is possible to boost the throughput volume at the terminal and distribution centers, achieve better equipment utilization, and improve the labor productivity of drayage drivers. The OGO communication system will reduce congestion on the roadways, terminals and distribution centers while improving air quality, security, and safety. Also, improved coordination of drayage, for bi-directional moves for traffic to and from inland intermodal terminals and distribution centers, can be provided by drayage dispatch, which can advise on traffic congestion, and pathfinder/container information.
Interchange capacity management can be improved to responsively manage terminal truck traffic and operations. And, with good communications, real-time traffic management can be optimized, for improved routing and dispatching and the avoidance of congestion and bottlenecks in terminals, distribution centers and the roads.
3. Summary of Advantages of Certain Highlighted Features
The DGD does not interfere with the overhead crane operation that is loading or unloading containers from the railcar to the buffers.
All in or outbound traffic can by orchestrated, directed and dispatched, by the gate personnel substantially error free with keycard, wireless and computing technology.
Keycards and the self-service nature of the system improve driver and crane operator productivity, and truck, buffer and crane utilization arid efficiency.
A truck line carrier can easily load or unload a container to or from the buffer, while sitting in his or her cab by pressing a control button to operate the buffer. As should be understood, other means of actuation are contemplated and within the scope of this invention.
When a container is delivered for outbound, for best efficiencies, it is designated to deliver the container at the appropriate corridor at track side, for pre-blocking.
Most if not all in or outbound containers arriving at the terminal can be temporarily stored in a buffer, at track side.
The self service operation can improve load pick up dwell times and load drop off dwell times over conventional terminals, which often require waiting or dead time.
Keycards can be are deposited in a lock box to open the exit gate.
The system includes timing devices to assist in investigating terminal thefts. The keycards can be retained for future reference or investigations.
Since the overhead gantry crane does not have to wait for chassis delivery trackside, truck and crane operators can work independently, thus substantially reducing gating issues or unnecessary delays.
Any container coming into the terminal whether it arrives by train or truck is only required to be handled once by the terminals overhead cranes.
Terminal and distribution centers can realize enormous driver and chassis productivity gains, and eliminate bobtails and empty trips.
Equipping containers and truck operators with GPS, can improve container utilization and driver efficiency.
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