INORGANIC BLUE PIGMENTS FROM COBALT DOPED MAGNESIUM HAVING TRANSITION ELEMENT OXIDES AND A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARING THE SAME

Abstract
The present invention relates to a new Inorganic Blue pigments from Cobalt doped Magnesium having Transition Element Oxides and a process for the preparing the same. The present invention more particularly relates to the development of blue pigments, comprising oxides of alkaline earth, and transition metals of the general formula Mg1-xCoxWO4 (x=0.1 to 0.5), Mg1-xCoxN-bO6 (x=0.1 to 0.5), and Mg1-xCoxTiO3 (x=0.1 to 0.5) and well suited for colouring applications of a wide variety of substrates for example paints, varnishes, plastics, ceramics etc. Raw materials such as MgO, CoO and one of WO3, TiO2, Nb2O5 and are weighted in the stoichiometric ratio and calcined in the range 1100-1300° C. for 6-12 hrs duration in air atmosphere. The well ground calcined powders were used for characterization of the pigments. The phase purity and optical properties of the prepared pigments were investigated.
Description
FIELD OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to the development of blue pigments from Cobalt doped Magnesium having Transition Element Oxides and a Process for preparing the same. The present invention particularly relates to blue pigments (i) Mg1-xCoxWO4 (ii) Mg1-xCoxNb2O6 and (iii) Mg1-xCoxTiO3 well suited for colouring applications of a wide variety of substrates for example paints, varnishes, plastics, ceramics etc.


BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

Inorganic pigments are coloured compounds with a high thermal and chemical stability used to colour ceramic bodies. Pigments are used in a wide range of applications including paints, inks, plastics, rubbers, ceramics, enamels, and glasses. Many of these materials consist of an oxide matrix doped with transition metal cations that act as chromophore. One of the main research activities in this field is the search for new inorganic structures that, once doped with proper chromophore ions, result in new pigments that are cheaper, less toxic, or have more attractive shades than the currently used pigments. The brilliant colours of the inorganic pigments are usually due to selective absorption of visible light.


Numerous Co2+ (3d7) based oxides exhibit strong violet or blue coloration as well as a light pink hue and have been used as pigments. The UV-vis-NIR absorption properties are strongly related to the structural features and especially to the local environment of transition metals. Commercially used blue pigments are Co—Cr—Al (P.B.36) and Co—Al (P.B.28) and others are Ultramarine blue, Prussian blue, cobalt phosphates such as Co3(PO4)2, Co2SiO4 (olivine), Co-Willemite, (Zn2SiO4) etc. There is an increasing demand to develop new NIR reflective pigments which are can be used for cool roof applications. A cool roof reflects and emits the sun's heat back to the sky instead of transferring it to the building. Replacing conventional pigments with “cool pigments” that absorb less NIR radiation can provide coatings similar in color to that of conventional roofing materials, but with higher solar reflectance. Taking into account these previous investigations, the aim of the present study is to develop and characterize for the new low-toxicity and NIR reflecting ceramic pigments.


Inorganic pigments comprising of cobalt and aluminum having spinel structure most commonly produced by high temperature calcinations of raw materials such as cobalt (II) oxide(CoO), and aluminum(III) oxide(Al2O3). Inorganic pigments comprising cobalt and aluminum having the spinel structure are used in a variety of applications including paints and polymers. Paints and polymers containing such inorganic pigments are often exposed to UV radiation and other environmental conditions. The intensity and color of paints and polymer products containing such inorganic pigments tend to degrade upon extended exposure to the environment. These conventional cobalt aluminate spinel pigments are synthesized at a high temperature (1300° C.).


U.S. Pat. No. 5,252,126, Oct. 12, 1993, describes a process for the preparation of neutral blue vanadium-zirconium inorganic blue pigment. In order to produce such pigments, a zirconium free mixture of powdery ZrO2 and SiO2 source, a vanadium compound and a phosphorus compound with an atomic ratio of Zr:Si:V:P=(0.95-1.10):(0.05-0.20):(0.005-0.03) as well as of fluoride mineraliser is annealed after intensive grinding at 700° C. to 900° C. The neutral blue pigment with a rather high color intensity and good reproducibility are doped in the host lattice with phosphorus addition to vanadium. However these pigments have less colour intensity than commercially available CoAl2O4 spinel.


A novel non-toxic intense blue near-infrared reflecting inorganic pigments having the general formula Sr1-xLaxCu1-yLiySi4O10 (x=y ranges from 0 to 0.5) were developed as viable alternatives to existing blue colorants. (Sheethu Jose, M. L. Reddy Dyes and Pigments 98 (2013) 540-546). The substitution of La3+ for Sr2+ and Li+ for Cu2+ in SrCuSi4O10 gently changes the color of the pigment from sky-blue to intense blue. The developed pigments exhibit intense blue color with impressive NIR solar reflectance (67%) and thermally stable.


U.S. Pat. No. 3,748,165, Jul. 24, 1973 describes a process for the preparation of an improved inorganic pigment of spinel structure which comprises of about 15 to about 50 mole percent of nickel aluminate in cobalt aluminate. The improved pigment retains a greater degree of blueness when diluted 1 to 10 with TiO2 pigment than either CoAl2O4 or NiAl2O4 pigment. However the calcinations are generally carried out by heating at least to 1300° C. for about 30 hrs.


Embodiments of compositions comprising materials satisfying the general formula AM1-xM1xM2yO3+y are disclosed, along with the methods of making the compositions in some cases the M and M1 cations in trigonal bipyramidal coordination, and the material is chromophoric. In some embodiments, the material is YIn1-xMnxO3, X is greater than 0.0 less than 0.75, and the material exhibits a surprisingly intense blue colour (U.S. Pat. No. 8,282,728 B2, Oct. 9, 2012).


Solid solutions of Co and Mg diphosphates with compositions Co2-xMgxP2O7 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5 and 1.8) have been prepared and characterized by M. Llusar et al. (M. Llusar, A. Zielinska, M. A. Tena, J. A Bardenes, G. Monros Journal of European Ceramic Society 30 (2010) 1887-1896) for the first time as alternative low-toxicity blue ceramic pigments. The compositions were prepared through the conventional co-precipitation route and calcined up to 1000° C./2 h. These optimal compositions containing a minimized Co amount (measured values around 7-16 wt %) could be therefore less toxic alternatives to the conventional Co3(PO4)2 blue ceramic pigment are now under development. These pigments possess relatively less −b* value than CoAl2O4. The value of L*, a+, b+ and NIR solar reflectance (%) of commercial CoAl2O4 are 44.8, 2.1, −32.7 [M. Ocaila, J. P. Espinos, J. B. Carda, Dyes Pigm., 91, 2011, 501-507] and 29%[S. P. Radhika, K. J. Sreeram, B. U. Nair, J. Adv. Ceram., 1, 2012, 301-309].


OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

The primary and most important objective of the present invention is to provide a blue inorganic pigment that comprises oxides of alkaline earth, cobalt and transition metals (W, Nb, and Ti). These colorants can be used to form colored objects or coatings through their use in applications such as paints, plastics, glasses, ceramics and the like.


Accordingly the present invention provides the synthesis and characterization of new inorganic blue pigments comprising of alkaline earth, Cobalt, and transition metal oxides. The invention comprises the synthesizing conditions and optical properties of pigments.


The first embodiment comprises synthesis of Mg1-xCoxWO4 inorganic blue pigment by the solid state route using the starting materials MgO, CoO and WO3. The phase purity and colour properties using CIE-LAB 1976 colour scales of the synthesized pigments were characterized.


Yet another embodiment of the present invention comprises the synthesis and characterization of blue inorganic pigments having the formula, Mg1-xCOxNb2O6.


In another embodiment of the present invention comprises preparation of Mg1-xCoxTiO3 inorganic blue pigment through the solid state route. The starting materials were MgO, CoO and TiO2. The phase purity and optical properties of the prepared pigments were investigated.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

For a better understanding of the invention an exemplary embodiment is described below considered together with the figures in which:



FIG. 1. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern of Mg1-xCoxWO4 (x=0.2) pigments.



FIG. 2. Diffuse reflectance spectra of Mg1-xCoxWO4 (x=0.2) pigments.



FIG. 3. TGA of Mg1-xCoxWO4 (x=0.2) pigments.



FIG. 4. Solar irradiance spectra of Mg1-xCoxWO4 (x=0.2) pigments.



FIG. 5. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of Mg1-xCoxNb2O6 (x=0.5) pigments.



FIG. 6. Diffuse reflectance spectra of Mg1-xCoxNb2O6 (x=0.5) pigments.



FIG. 7. TGA of Mg1-xCoxNb2O6 (x=0.5) pigments.



FIG. 8. Solar irradiance spectra of Mg1-xCoxNb2O6 (x=0.5) pigments.



FIG. 9. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern of Mg1-xCoxTiO3 (x=0.1) pigments.



FIG. 10. Diffuse Reflectance spectra of Mg1-xCoxTiO3 (x=0.1) pigments.



FIG. 11. TGA of Mg1-xCoxTiO3 (x=0.1) pigments.



FIG. 12. Solar irradiance spectra of Mg1-xCoxTiO3 (x=0.1) pigments.





It is to be understood that the plots are only for the purpose of illustrating the examples without limiting the scope thereof.


SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Blue pigment comprising Cobalt doped Magnesium and one Transition Element Oxides selected from Tungsten, Niobium and Titanium and a Process for preparing the same. The present invention particularly relates to blue pigments (i) Mg1-xCoxWO4 (ii) Mg1-xCoxNb2O6 and (iii) Mg1-xCoxTiO3 well suited for colouring applications of a wide variety of substrates for example paints, varnishes, plastics, ceramics etc.


DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The detailed description of these inventions was explained with following examples but these should not construe to limit the invention:


Example 1

Preparation of Mg1-xCoxWO4 Blue Pigment


This example relates to the preparation of Mg1-xCoxWO4 (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 &0.5). MgO (purity 99%) WO3 (purity 99.995%) and CoO (99.99%) were thoroughly mixed in the stoichiometric ratio in agate mortar with a pestle. The mixture was calcined at 1100° C. for 12 h in air. The obtained powders were examined by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) using Ni filtered CuKα1 radiation with a Philips X'pert Pro diffractometer. MgWO4 crystallizes in a monoclinic structure isomorphic to wolframite, with a space group P21c and has C2h point-group symmetry. The structure consists of layers of alternating MgO6 and WO6 octahedral units that share edges forming a zigzag chain. FIG. 1 shows the XRD patterns of cobalt doped MgWO4. All the diffraction peaks can be indexed to the monoclinic structure with P2/c space group in agreement with the JCPDS file No (01-073-0562). Morphological analysis was performed by means of scanning electron microscope with a JEOL JSM-5600LV SEM. The particle size of the pigment varies in the range 1-2.5 am. Optical reflectance of the powders was measured with UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV-2450) using PTFE as a reference is shown FIG. 2. The chromaticity coordinates, determined by the CIE-LAB 1976 colour scales. The values a* (the axis red-green) and b* (the axis yellow-blue) indicate the colour hue. The value L* represents the lightness or darkness of the colour as related to a neutral grey (Table 1). The colouring performance of cobalt bearing pigments depends very much on the coordination of Co2+ ions. In order to understand the origin of blue colour of the Mg1-xCoxWO4 powders we take the UV-Visible NIR spectrum. The given spectrum contains mainly three bands attributed to the three spin allowed transitions 4T1g(4F)-4T2g(v1), 4T1g(4F)-4A2g(v2), 4T1g(4F)-T1g(4P)(v3) appear at 1500 nm, 730 nm and 580 nm respectively. These are the three spin allowed transitions of CoO6 chromophore.


L*=46.28, a*=6.33, b*=−46.97 (x=0.2) &L*=42.54, a*=4.46, b*=−43.2 (x=0.3)


For the Purpose of evaluating the chemical and thermal stability of the synthesized pigments, we treated it with acid and alkali (Table 2). For this a small amount of weighed sample is mixed with 2% NaOH and 2% HCl and immersed for 1 hour with constant stirring.


Then the pigment was filtered, washed with distilled water, dried and finally weighed. Negligible weight lose was observed for the acid and alkali treated samples. The L*a*b*values are found to be L*=41.53, a*=3.7, b*=41.16 (x=0.3) and L*=43.04, a*=4.04, b*=42.43 (x=0.3) for HCl and NaOH respectively. The delta E values are found to be within the allowed limit (<5). From this data we can concluded that the synthesized samples are chemically stable. Thermo gravimetric analyses (TGA) were performed (Schimadzu, DTG-60) on all samples in the temperature range 30-200° C., under air atmosphere at a heating rate of 20° C./min shown in FIG. 3. There is an increasing demand to develop new NIR reflective pigments which can be used for cool roof applications. Replacing conventional pigments with “cool pigments” that absorb less NIR radiation can provide coatings similar in color to that of conventional roofing materials, but with higher solar reflectance. Thus we perceived the need to develop new blue coloured NIR reflecting inorganic pigment. From FIGS. 2 & 4 it can be see that corresponding NIR& NIR solar reflectance (R*) of the synthesized Mg0.8Co0.2WO4 pigment is found to be 56% and 28.6%. This observation indicates that synthesized pigment serve as a potential candidate for cool roof applications.


Example 2

Preparation of Mg1-xCoxNb2O6 Blue Pigment


This example relates to the preparation of Mg1-xCoxNb2O6 (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 &0.5). MgO (purity 99%) Nb2O5 (purity 99.995%) and CoO (99.99%) were thoroughly mixed in the stoichiometric ratio in agate mortar with a pestle. The mixture was calcined at 1300° C. for 6 h in air. The obtained powders were examined by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) using Ni filtered CuKα1 radiation with a Philips X'pert Pro diffractometer. Most of the niobium oxides related to AB2O6 Structure have columbite structure with pbcn space group. XRD pattern of the compound depicted in FIG. 5 is in good agreement with the powder X-ray diffraction file: (01-088-0708). Cobalt doped MgNb2O6 crystallizes in orthorhombic structure with pbcn space group. Morphological analysis was performed by means of scanning electron microscope with a JEOL JSM-5600LV SEM. The particle size of the pigment varies in the range 1.5-2.5 μm. Optical reflectance of the powders was measured with UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV-2450) using PTFE as a reference is shown FIG. 6. The chromaticity coordinates, determined by the CIE-LAB 1976 colour scales. The values a* (the axis red-green) and b* (the axis yellow-blue) indicate the colour hue. The value L* represents the lightness or darkness of the colour as related to a neutral grey (Table 1). Optical absorption spectra of Mg1-xCoxNb2O6 contains mainly three bands attributed to the three spin allowed transitions. 4T1g(4F)-4T2g(v1), 4T1g (4F)-4A2g(v2), 4T1g(4F)-T1g(4P)(v3). A single very wide band located in the near-IR region around 1500 nm is due to the vi transition. The bands at 730 nm, 580 nm is due to the v2 and v3 transition.


L*=52.78, a*=−0.97, b*=−36.16 (x=0.5)


For the Purpose of evaluating the chemical and thermal stability of the synthesized pigments, we treated it with acid and alkali (Table 2). For this a small amount of weighed sample is mixed with 2% NaOH and 2% HCl and immersed for 1 hour with constant stirring. Then the pigment was filtered, washed with distilled water, dried and finally weighed. Negligible weight lose was observed for the acid and alkali treated samples. The L*a*b* values are found to be L*=50.62, a*=0.19, b*=−36.19 (x=0.5) and L*=51.23, a*=−0.18, b*=37.08 (x=0.5) for HCl and NaOH respectively. The delta E values are found to be within the allowed limit (<5). From this data we can concluded that the synthesized samples are chemically stable. Thermo gravimetric analyses (TGA) were performed (Schimadzu, DTG-60) on all samples in the temperature range 30-200° C., under air atmosphere at a heating rate of 20° C./min shown in FIG. 7. There is an increasing demand to develop new NIR reflective pigments which can be used for cool roof applications. Replacing conventional pigments with “cool pigments” that absorb less NIR radiation can provide coatings similar in color to that of conventional roofing materials, but with higher solar reflectance. Thus we perceived the need to develop new blue coloured NIR reflecting inorganic pigment. From FIGS. 6 & 8 it can be see that corresponding NIR& NIR solar reflectance (R*) of the synthesized Mg0.5Co0.5Nb2O6 pigment is found to be 74% and 38%. This observation indicates that synthesized pigment serve as a potential candidate for cool roof applications.


Example 3

Preparation of Mg1-xCoxTiO3Blue Pigment


This example relates to the preparation of Mg1-xCoxTiO3 (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 &0.5). MgO (purity 99%), TiO2 (purity 99.995%) and CoO (99.99%) were thoroughly mixed in the stoichiometric ratio in agate mortar with a pestle. The mixture was calcined at 1200° C. for 6 h in air. The obtained powders were examined by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) using Ni filtered CuKα1 radiation with a Philips X'pert Pro diffractometer. Geikielite (MgTiO3) belongs to the ilmenite structure type (ATiO3, A=Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn) with a rhombohedral space group R-3 and 6 formula units per unit cell. FIG. 9 shows the XRD patterns of cobalt doped MgTiO3. All the reflections can be well indexed according to the Powder diffraction file 01-079-0831. The structure of MgTiO3 consists of MgO6 octahedron and TiO6 octahedron. Morphological analysis was performed by means of scanning electron microscope with a JEOL JSM-5600LV SEM. The particle size of the pigment varies in the range 2-4 μm. Optical reflectance of the powders was measured with UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV-2450) using PTFE as a reference is shown FIG. 10. The chromaticity coordinates, determined by the CIE-LAB 1976 colour scales. The values a* (the axis red-green) and b* (the axis yellow-blue) indicate the colour hue. The value L* represents the lightness or darkness of the colour as related to a neutral grey (Table 1). The blue colour of the Mg1-xCoxTiO3 powders is evident even for very low values of X. The UV-Visible NIR spectrum of Co2+ doped MgTiO3 shows that the blue colour is due to the octahedral incorporation of the Co(II). The given spectrum contains mainly three bands attributed to the three spin allowed transitions 4T1g (4F)-4T2g (v1), 4T1g (4F)-A2g (v2), 4T1g (4F)-T1g(4P) (v3) appear at 1500 nm, 730 nm and 580 nm respectively.


L*=54.13, a*=−11.04, b*=−25.61 (x=0.1).


For the Purpose of evaluating the chemical and thermal stability of the synthesized pigments, we treated it with acid and alkali (Table 2). For this a small amount of weighed sample is mixed with 2% NaOH and 2% HCl and immersed for 1 hour with constant stirring. Then the pigment was filtered, washed with distilled water, dried and finally weighed. Negligible weight lose was observed for the acid and alkali treated samples. The L*a*b*values are found to be L*=52.89, a*=−11.07, b*=−25.01 (x=0.1) and L*=56, a*=−11.14, b*=−25.85 (x=0.1) for HCl and NaOH respectively. The delta E values are found to be within the allowed limit (<5). From this data we can concluded that the synthesized samples are chemically stable. Thermo gravimetric analyses (TGA) were performed (Schimadzu, DTG-60) on all samples in the temperature range 30-200° C., under air atmosphere at a heating rate of 20° C./min shown in FIG. 11. There is an increasing demand to develop new NIR reflective pigments which can be used for cool roof applications. Replacing conventional pigments with “cool pigments” that absorb less NIR radiation can provide coatings similar in color to that of conventional roofing materials, but with higher solar reflectance. Thus we perceived the need to develop new blue coloured NIR reflecting inorganic pigment. From FIGS. 10 & 12 it can be see that corresponding NIR& NIR solar reflectance (R*) of the synthesized Mg0.9Co0.1TiO3 pigment is found to be 73% and 37%. This observation indicates that synthesized pigment serve as a potential candidate for cool roof applications.


Table 1 Explains Colour Co-Ordinates & NIR Reflectance of Typical Compositions









TABLE 1







Colour Co-ordinates &NIR Reflectance of Typical Compositions

















NIR Solar







reflectance



Composition
L*
a*
b*
(%)

















Mg0.8Co0.2WO4
46.28
6.33
−46.97
28.6%. 



Mg0.5Co0.5Nb2O6
52.78
−0.97
 −36.16.
38%



Mg0.9Co0.1TiO3
54.13
−11.04
−25.61
37%



CoAl2O4
44.8
2.1
−32.7 
29%



Commercial










Table 2 Explains Acid & Alkali Tests

















Acid
Alkali
ΔE















Composition
L*
a*
b*
L*
a*
b*
Acid
Alkali


















Mg0.8Co0.2WO4
41.53
3.7
−41.16
43.04
4.04
−42.43
2.3
1


Mg0.5Co0.5Nb2O6
50.62
−0.19
−36.19
51.23
−0.18
−37.08
2.2
1.5


Mg0.9Co0.1TiO3
52.89
−11.07
−25.01
56
−11.14
−25.85
1.3
1.8








Claims
  • 1. A Blue pigment comprising Cobalt doped Magnesium and one Transition Element Oxide selected from Tungsten, Niobium and Titanium.
  • 2. The Blue pigment as claimed in claim 1 wherein the Transition Element Oxide is Tungsten (WO3) and the general formula of the pigment is Mg1-xCoxWO4 (x=0.1 to 0.5).
  • 3. The Blue pigment as claimed in claim 1 wherein the Transition Element Oxide is Niobium (Nb2O5) and the general formula of the pigment is Mg1-xCoxNb2O6 (x=0.1 to 0.5).
  • 4. The Blue pigment as claimed in claim 1 wherein the Transition Element Oxide is Titanium (TiO2) and the general formula of the pigment is Mg1-xCoxTiO3 (x=0.1 to 0.5).
  • 5. A process for the preparation of blue pigment as claimed in claim 1 comprising the steps of: mixing thoroughly MgO (purity 99%), CoO (99.99%) with one of the Transition Element Oxides (purity 99.995%) as defined in claim 1 in the stoichiometric ratio in agate mortar with a pestle;ii) calcining the mixture at 1100-1300° C. in air atmosphere for 6-12 hrs duration; andiii) getting desired blue pigment in the form of powder having particle size 1-5 μm.
  • 6. The Blue pigment according to claim 2 of the formula, Mg1-xCoxWO4 (x=0.1 to 0.5) having chromaticity coordinates, determined as per the CIE 1976 colour scales are L*=39.01 to 46.28, a*=−0.10 to 6.33, b*=−32.88 to −46.97.
  • 7. The Blue pigment according to claim 2 of the formula, Mg1-xCoxWO4 (x=0.1 to 0.5) having NIR reflectance of 42 to 56% and NIR solar reflectance of 21 to 28.6%.
  • 8. The Blue pigment according to claim 3 of the formula, Mg1-xCoxNb2O6 (x=0.1 to 0.5) having chromaticity coordinates, determined as per the CIE 1976 colour scales are L*=52.78 to 68.05, a*=−0.97 to −2.55, b*=−27.64 to −36.16.
  • 9. The Blue pigment according to claim 3 of the formula, Mg1-xCoxNb2O6 (x=0.1 to 0.5) having NIR reflectance of 86 to 74% and NIR solar reflectance of 38 to 43%.
  • 10. The Blue pigment according to claim 4 of the formula, Mg1-xCoxTiO3 (x=0.1 to 0.5) having chromaticity coordinates, determined as per the CIE 1976 colour scales are L*=36.62 to 54.13, a*=−11.04 to −15.73, b*=−11.66 to −25.61.
  • 11. The Blue pigment according to claim 4 of the formula, Mg1-xCoxTiO3 (x=0.1 to 0.5) having NIR reflectance of 46 to 73% and NIR solar reflectance of 23 to 37%.
Priority Claims (1)
Number Date Country Kind
2706/DEL/2014 Sep 2014 IN national
PCT Information
Filing Document Filing Date Country Kind
PCT/IN2015/050116 9/22/2015 WO 00