Input-gain control apparatus and method

Abstract

Provided are input-gain control apparatus and method of an audio amplifier. A gain of an acoustic signal is automatically attenuated based on a pre-set limited level to minimize distortion of the acoustic signal caused by clipping of the acoustic signal, and thereby limit an over-input of the acoustic signal to input the acoustic signal within a dynamic range if the acoustic signal is not input within the dynamic range in an audio apparatus including an acoustic amplifier and a switching amplifier. Thus, only a gain of an over-input signal on a specific level or more can be attenuated while an original form of the over-input signal is maintained to minimize distortion of an output waveform caused by clipping of the output waveform. Also, a harmonic distortion and a stepped high frequency noise occurring during clipping can be simultaneously removed.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and/or other aspects of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a structure of a related art D-class amplifier circuit;

FIGS. 2A and 2B are circuit diagrams illustrating a related art limiter circuit;

FIGS. 3A and 3B are graphs illustrating clipping of an output voltage occurring when a peak vertex Vp of the output voltage exceeds a power supply voltage VCC;

FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating an internal operation waveform of an audio amplifier circuit;

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating an input-gain control apparatus of an audio amplifier according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating a waveform of an output voltage output within a margin voltage according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

Certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Throughout the drawings, the same drawing reference numerals will be understood to refer to the same elements, features, and structures.

The matters defined in the description such as a detailed construction and elements are nothing but the ones provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of the invention. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the exemplary embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Also, well-known functions or constructions are omitted from descriptions for clarity and conciseness.

An aspect of the present invention is to attenuate an over-input signal to prevent a clipping distortion D1 caused by an over-input, an over-output and a stepped high frequency distortion D2 caused by a saturation of an internal block of the audio amplifier, so that an output signal does not approach a power supply voltage VCC of the audio amplifier but is within a margin voltage dV regardless of variations in a gain and the power supply voltage VCC of the audio amplifier. Also, a whole gain may be attenuated instead of simply cutting over-input components to maintain an original form of an input signal and thereby minimize a distortion of the input signal to limit an input level. In addition, the margin voltage dV may be adjusted with respect to the power voltage VCC to vary an output limited level so as to design an amplifier having various output powers depending on products. Thus, the amplifier may be designed to have the same speaker impedance and power supply voltage as a previously designed amplifier so as to share a speaker and a power source block.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram illustrating an input-gain control apparatus of an audio amplifier according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, the input-gain control apparatus of the audio amplifier according to the present exemplary embodiment includes an input unit 510, a voltage detector 520, and an input limiter 530.

The input-gain control apparatus further includes the comparator 120, the gate driver 130, the low pass filter (LPF) 140, and the triangular wave generator 150 as shown in FIG. 1. The structures of the comparator 120, the gate driver 130, the LPF 140, and the triangular wave generator 150 have been described above, and thus their detailed descriptions will be omitted herein.

In the input unit 510, a capacitor C1 is connected to an input resistor Rin in series between an input port INPUT and an input power source Vin.

The voltage detector 520 detects whether a voltage of an output signal output from the audio amplifier exceeds a difference voltage between a power supply voltage VCC and a margin voltage dV.

The input limiter 530 limits the gain of an input signal according to the detection result of the voltage detector 520 so that the voltage of the output signal does not exceed the difference voltage.

Here, the voltage detector 520 includes a constant voltage unit 522, a voltage divider 524, and a first switching unit 526. The constant voltage unit 522 determines the margin voltage dV which is constant to the power supply voltage VCC. The voltage divider 524 determines upper and lower levels of the different voltage. The first switching unit 526 performs a switching operation according to a voltage exceeding the upper and lower levels.

Here, the constant voltage unit 522 includes first and second zener diodes DZ1 and DZ2, and the voltage divider 524 includes first, second, third, and fourth resistors R1, R2, R3, and R4. Also, the first switching unit 526 includes a negative-positive-negative (NPN) type (second) transistor Q2 and a positive-negative-positive (PNP) type (fourth) transistor Q4.

In other words, as shown in FIG. 5, in the voltage detector 520, the first zener diode DZ1, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the fourth resistor R4, the third resistor R3, and the second zener diode DZ2 are connected in series between a plus power supply voltage +VCC and a minus power supply voltage −VCC. Here, a base of the second transistor Q2 is connected to a connection point between the first and second resistors R1 and R2, and a collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to a connection point between the plus power supply voltage +VCC and the first zener diode DZ1. An emitter of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the minus power supply voltage −VCC and the input limiter 530 through a resistor R.

Also, a base of the fourth transistor Q4 is connected to a connection point between the third and fourth resistors R3 and R4, and an emitter of the fourth transistor Q4 is connected to the plus power supply voltage +VCC through a resistor R. Also, a collector of the fourth transistor Q4 is connected to a connection point between the minus power supply voltage −VCC and the second zener diode DZ2.

The input limiter 530 includes a second switching unit 532 which performs a switching operation according to a switching signal and an output impedance 534 which attenuates the gain of the input signal according to the switching operation.

Here, the second switching unit 532 includes a PNP type (first) transistor Q1 and an NPN type (third) transistor Q3, and the output impedance 534 includes an output resistor Ro.

In other words, in the input limiter 530, a base of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the emitter of the second transistor Q2 of the voltage detector 520, a collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the minus power supply voltage −VCC, and an emitter of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the output resistor Ro. Also, a base of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the emitter of the fourth transistor Q4, a collector of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the plus power supply voltage +VCC, and an emitter of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the output resistor Ro. The output resistor Ro is connected in series between the input port INPUT and the input resistor Rin.

Here, the output resistor Ro may be a variable resistor element and vary a resistance value to adjust the attenuation of the gain.

A resistance ratio between the first and second resistors R1 and R2 is equal to a resistance ratio between the third and fourth resistors R3 and R4, and the margin voltage dV means a voltage disallowing the voltage of the output signal to approach the power supply voltage VCC.

The operation of the input-gain control apparatus of the audio amplifier according to the present exemplary embodiment will now be described.

For the description of the operation of the input-gain control apparatus, it is supposed that the input-gain control apparatus shown in FIG. 5 is constituted as an input part of the audio amplifier shown in FIG. 1.

Here, the input-gain control apparatus operates when the voltage of the output signal exceeds the margin voltage dV which is constant to the power supply voltage VCC. If the voltage of the output signal exceeds the difference voltage obtained through the subtraction of the margin voltage dV, i.e., a zener voltage of the first zener diode DZ1, from the power supply voltage VCC, the voltage falls due to the first and second resistors R1 and R2. Here, a current generated by the first resistor R1 is applied to the base of the second transistor Q2 to operate the second transistor Q2.

If the voltage of the output signal exceeds the difference voltage obtained through the subtraction of the margin voltage dV, i.e., a zener voltage of the second zener diode DZ2, from the power supply voltage −VCC, the voltage falls due to the third resistor R3. Here, the base of the fourth transistor Q4 is changed into a low level according to a current generated by the third resistor R3 to operate the fourth transistor Q4.

The first and third transistors Q1 and Q3 of the input limiter 530 operate with the operations of the second and fourth transistors Q2 and Q4 of the voltage detector 520.

Here, if turn-on voltages of the bases of the first, second, third, and fourth transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are equal to turn-on voltages of the emitters of the first, second, third, and fourth transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4, an upper level (upper level voltage V_UL) of an input limit is obtained as in Equation 2, and a lower level (lower level voltage V_LL) of an input limit is obtained as in Equation 3:

$\begin{array}{cc}{V}_{\mathrm{UL}}=\left(\mathrm{VCC}-V_{\mathrm{DZ}1}\right)·\frac{R2}{R1+R2}& \left(2\right)\end{array}$

wherein V_DZ1 denotes a backward voltage of the first zener diode DZ1.

$\begin{array}{cc}{V}_{\mathrm{LL}}=\left(\mathrm{VCC}-V_{\mathrm{DZ}2}\right)·\frac{R4}{R3+R4}& \left(3\right)\end{array}$

wherein V_DZ2 denotes a backward voltage of the second zener diode DZ2.

Voltages of the first and second zener diodes DZ1 and DZ2 are set to have the same value.

Currents generated by the operations of the first and third transistors Q1 and Q3 are applied to the output resistor Ro, and a level of the input signal is adjusted by the output resistor Ro to be within the margin voltage dV.

If a gain is obtained due to feedback resistances as in Equation 1 and a resistance ratio of a voltage divider is “R1:R2=R3:R4≡Ra:Rb,” a voltage Vclip of an output signal on a clipping level can be obtained as in Equation 4:

$\begin{array}{cc}{V}_{\mathrm{clip}}=V_{\mathrm{UL}}·\left(1+\frac{R_b}{R_a}\right)=\mathrm{VCC}-V_{\mathrm{DZ}1}& \left(4\right)\end{array}$

Since the clipping level of the output signal is given as in Equation 4, a margin voltage dV is constant to a power supply voltage VCC regardless of variations in the power supply voltage VCC. In other words, the margin voltage dV is obtained through a subtraction of a zener diode voltage VDZ1 from the power supply voltage VCC and thus determined by a voltage of a zener diode.

Also, if an output impedance Ro is adjusted to an appropriate value, components exceeding a limit level may be simply removed. Also, as shown in the figure on the right side of FIG. 6, when the output impedance Ro is not zero, an appropriate amount may be added on clipped level. Thus, a distortion component D1 caused by simple clipping may be considerably relieved.

As described above, in input-gain control apparatus and method of an audio amplifier according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a gain of the acoustic signal may be automatically attenuated based on a pre-set limit level to input the acoustic signal within the dynamic range in an audio apparatus including an acoustic amplifier and a switching amplifier, if an acoustic signal exceeds a dynamic range. Thus, the distortion of the acoustic signal caused by clipping of the acoustic signal may be minimized, and an over-input may be limited.

As described above, in input-gain control apparatus and method of an audio amplifier according to exemplary embodiments of the present invention, only a gain of an over-input signal on a specific level or more can be attenuated instead of simply cutting the over-input signal. Thus, a distortion of an output waveform caused by clipping of the output waveform can be minimized. In particular, a switching amplifier can prevent a saturation of an internal block to simultaneously remove a harmonic distortion and a stepped high frequency noise which occurs during clipping. Also, a linear analog amplifier can attenuate only the gain while maintaining an original form of the over-input signal instead of simply clipping the over-input signal so as to minimize a distortion of an output signal.

Electronic appliances having an audio function can use an identical power supply voltage to arbitrarily adjust a reference voltage of an output comparator circuit operating as a gain attenuating circuit to limit an output level. Thus, an effect shown when a power source or a speaker impedance is varied can be obtained without varying the power source or the speaker impedance. Accordingly, a power supply voltage and a speaker impedance of a product having various output specifications can be standardized.

The described embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The present exemplary teachings can be readily applied to other types of apparatuses. Also, the description of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to limit the scope of the claims, and many alternatives, modifications, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and the full scope of equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. An input-gain control apparatus of an audio amplifier, the input-gain control apparatus comprising: a voltage detector which detects whether a voltage of an output signal of the audio amplifier exceeds a difference voltage which is a voltage difference between a power supply voltage and a margin voltage; andan input limiter which limits a gain of an input signal according to a detection result of the voltage detector to prevent the voltage of the output signal from exceeding the difference voltage.

2. The input-gain control apparatus of claim 1, wherein the voltage detector comprises: a constant voltage unit which determines the margin voltage which is constant to the power supply voltage;a voltage divider which determines upper and lower levels of the difference voltage; anda first switching unit which performs a switching operation if the voltage of the output signal exceeds the upper level of the difference voltage and falls below the lower level of the difference voltage.

3. The input-gain control apparatus of claim 2, wherein the constant voltage unit comprises a zener diode.

4. The input-gain control apparatus of claim 2, wherein the voltage divider comprises: first and second resistors R1 and R2 which determines the upper level of the difference voltage; andthird and fourth resistors R3 and R4 which determines the lower level of the difference voltage.

5. The input-gain control apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first switching unit is a switching element.

6. The input-gain control apparatus of claim 5, wherein the switching element comprises one of an negative-positive-negative (NPN) type transistor and a positive-negative-positive (PNP) type transistor.

7. The input-gain control apparatus of claim 1, wherein the input limiter comprises: a second switching unit which performs a switching operation according to a switching signal; andan output impedance which attenuates the gain of the input signal according to the switching operation.

8. The input-gain control apparatus of claim 7, wherein the output impedance is a resistor.

9. The input-gain control apparatus of claim 7, wherein the output impedance is a variable resistor.

10. The input-gain control apparatus of claim 4, wherein a resistance ratio of the voltage divider is R1:R2=R3:R4.

11. An input-gain control method of an audio amplifier comprising: detecting whether a voltage of an output signal of the audio amplifier exceeds a difference voltage which is a voltage difference between a power supply voltage and a margin voltage; andlimiting a gain of an input signal according to a result of the detecting to prevent the voltage of the output signal from exceeding the difference voltage.

12. The input-gain control method of claim 11, wherein the detecting whether the voltage of the output signal of the audio amplifier exceeds the difference voltage comprises: determining the margin voltage which is constant to the power supply voltage;determining upper and lower levels of the difference voltage; andperforming a switching operation if the voltage of the output signal exceeds the upper level of the difference voltage and falls below the lower level of the difference voltage.

13. The input-gain control apparatus of claim 12, wherein the margin voltage is determined using a constant voltage element.

14. The input-gain control method of claim 12, wherein the upper level of the difference voltage is determined using first and second resistors, and the lower level of the difference voltage is determined using third and fourth resistors.

15. The input-gain control method of claim 14, wherein a resistance ratio between the first and second resistors is equal to a resistance ratio between the third and fourth resistors.

16. The input-gain control method of claim 11, wherein the limiting of the gain of the input signal according to the result of the detecting comprises: performing a switching operation according to a switching signal; andattenuating the gain of the input signal according to the switching operation.