The present invention relates to an input support method and apparatus in a communication-type navigation system.
In the field of ITS (Intelligent Transport System), communication-type navigation systems which enable, via data communication between an on-vehicle navigation apparatus and a server system, map data and other kinds of useful information to be transmitted to the on-vehicle navigation apparatus have been introduced and drawing attention.
When inputting characters to the navigation apparatus, for example, to set a destination or search for a location, usually a touch panel which is provided for the on-vehicle navigation apparatus or for an associated remote control unit is used.
Typically, a touch panel can be input data via a soft keyboard displayed on a screen (see patent document 1). For soft keyboards, many proposals aimed at improving usability have been made. Among such proposals are : (a) when, in a search operation, a character is inputted based on the Japanese syllabary, only the characters that may, based on prepared data, follow the inputted character are displayed on a screen to make the search operation easier; and (b) every time a character is inputted in a name search operation, the displays of Japanese syllabary characters which cannot follow the inputted character are dimmed, or when only a part of a name to be searched for is known, a partial-match search is enabled to generate a list of partial matches from which the searcher can select one (see non-patent document 1).
The above prior arts, while they may facilitate a search operation or character input operation, do not consider reducing communication time and coping with a communication interruption which may be caused, for example, when a car having a navigation apparatus enters a tunnel. Solving such themes is important in communication-type navigation systems.
An object of the present invention is to provide an input support method and apparatus in a communication-type navigation system:
which, when at least one character relevant to, for example, a destination is inputted from a navigation apparatus by a user to retrieve data stored in a server system, can download candidate characters following the last inputted character from the server system so as to facilitate the subsequent input operation by the user;
which, when an erroneous key operation is made by the user while a response from the server system is being awaited or when a communication interruption occurs, can shorten the time spent in waiting for a response from the server system so as to eventually reduce the communication time; and
which can materialize a pleasant environment for input operation by making use of information inputted by the user.
According to an input support method and apparatus in a communication-type navigation system of the present invention, when a part of a character string relevant to, for example, a destination is inputted at a navigation apparatus, a cache memory of a navigation apparatus is searched for candidate characters following the last inputted character and the number of candidates (for example, destination candidates). And, in a case in which such candidate characters and the number of candidates have not been stored in the cache memory, a request for such candidate characters and the number of candidates is issued from navigation apparatus to a server system. The candidate characters and the number of candidates, when downloaded from the server system to the navigation apparatus, are stored in the cache memory. In this way, next time the same search is made, it is not necessary to download the data from the server system.
According to an input support method and apparatus in a communication-type navigation system of the present invention, when a part of a character string relevant to, for example, a destination is inputted at a navigation apparatus, candidate characters following the last inputted character are downloaded from a server system so as to simplify the subsequent input operation. Also, when no character is inputted for a prescribed period of time or when a button for determining candidate characters for next input is pressed, a request to transmit candidate characters is issued to the server system.
Furthermore, if a character is additionally inputted by a user while a response including candidate characters for next input from the server system is being awaited, the subsequent response from the server system is invalidated. Or, a response from the server system is validated only if the character string that has been inputted when the response from the server system is received is identical with the character string last transmitted to the server system.
In this way, the time spent waiting for a response from the server system and eventually the communication time can be reduced. Furthermore, even if an error key operation is made while a response from the server system is being awaited, the preceding request issued to the server system is not wasted so that the time spent waiting for a response from the server system can be eventually reduced.
In
The cache memory 14 holds data retrieved using a search condition as a key. The cache memory 14 has memorized inquiries transmitted to the server system until now and can make an inquiry independently of input operation being done at the terminal. It is explained in detail as follows. At first, the server system performs a search based on information inputted via the touch panel 13, the searched results are transmitted to the on-vehicle terminal, and the cache memory 14 memorizes the searched results from the server system as data. After that, when an input operation performs again at the on-vehicle terminal system 1 and the searched results to be responded to the input can be provided from data stored in the cache memory 14, the inquiry for search is not transmitted to the server system via a communication line. Therefore, when a search condition is inputted from the touch panel 13, the terminal unit 11 does not immediately transmit a corresponding inquiry to the server system 4 via a communication line. When a search condition is inputted from the touch panel 13, the terminal unit 11 first accesses the cache memory 14 to make an inquiry whether or not search results corresponding to the search condition have been stored there. When the corresponding search results have not been stored in the cache memory 14, the terminal unit 11 then transmits the inquiry of the search condition to the server system 4 via a communication line to obtain the corresponding search results.
The input character transmitting section 131 has a function to transmit the input character string to the server system 4 under the following conditions, that is when at least one character is inputted by a user from the touch panel 13 and a next candidate character find button (Find) is not operated or the contents of the input character string which is a string of inputted characters have not been changed every time they are periodically checked.
Although candidate characters following the input character string are received as a response from the server system 4, the response invalidation/validation control section 132 has a function to invalidate the response when there is an input of additional character(s) while waiting for the response from the server system 4. The response invalidation/validation control section 132 also has a function to validate the response from the server system only when the input character string at the time of the response from the server system 4 is identical with the character string last transmitted to the server system 4.
The reconnection processing section 133 and the response waiting section 134 are provided to cope with an interruption of the communication. If the communication is interrupted while waiting for the response of candidate characters following the input character string to come from the server system 4, the reconnection processing section 133 detects the communication interruption and makes a recovery of the communication again.
The response waiting section 134 also has a function to wait for the response from the server system 4 to the last transmitted inquiry under only the following condition when an additional character is input while recovering the communication by the reconnection processing section 133. The condition is that the input character string is identical with the character string last transmitted to the server system 4. When candidate characters following the last (updated) input character of the string are received as a response from the server system 4, the attribute display control section 135 has a function to select the keys corresponding to the candidate characters from a key board, and to indicate differently from other keys on the keyboard displayed on the screen, for example, by changing the color of the keys or by blinking or otherwise highlighting the keys.
When making a search based on an address or a place name, a display as shown in
When a part of a character string relevant to, for example, a destination is inputted at the on-vehicle terminal system 1, candidate characters following the input character string are downloaded from the server system 4 and the keys representing the candidate characters are highlighted on the character input panel 1304. In the example shown in
Reference numeral 2 in
The server system 4 has a server unit 41. The server unit 41 is connected to an address database 42, a POI (Point of Interest) database 43, a map database 44, and a traffic information database 45.
The address database 42 is a database storing addresses (country, state, prefecture, county, city, town) and names of cities in an area (for example, country or state) where the communication-type navigation system is used and also storing a list of candidate city names to be extracted according to input search items. The address database 42 has a function to check the date and time when the database was updated last. When transmitting data extracted from the address database 42, the address database 42 can also transmit data indicating when the data stored in the address database 42 was updated last. The data confirming the date and time of last update of the database 42 is used in determining when to update the data (when to once erase the whole data) stored in the cache memory 14 connected to the terminal unit 11 of the on-vehicle terminal system 1.
The address database 42 also has a function to narrow down candidate characters following the last inputted character of the character string based on the data stored in the database. This function will be described more concretely later.
The POI (Point of Interest) database 43 is a database storing data to be objects of searching, for example, data on locations and facilities such as restaurants, parking lots, gas stations, and so on in an area (for example, country or state) where the communication-type navigation system is used. Like the address database 42, the POI database 43 also has a function to narrow down candidate characters following the last inputted character.
The map database 44 is a database storing a general map and a road map of the whole of an area (for example, country or state) where the communication-type navigation system is used, and also storing detailed local road maps for the area.
The traffic information database 45 is a database storing traffic information, for example, information on locations entirely or partly closed to traffic, for example, due to construction work or an accident and information on locations where traffic is heavily congested, for example, due to an event being held in the vicinity.
The server system 4, in addition to transmitting map information, supports users in input operation. For example, when a user, wishing to set a destination or search for location information in order to use route guidance, inputs a part of a relevant character string like a region name and a facility name, the server system 4 extracts candidate characters for the user to input next by, for example, making a search for leading-part matches or a fuzzy search based on the characters inputted by the user.
With reference to
Referring to
If communication is interrupted while waiting for the response from the server system 4 concerning candidate characters following the last inputted character of the character string, the reconnection processing section 133 detects interruption of the communication and reconnect the communication again. If an additional input is made before reconnection of the communication is completed, the processing that follows differs depending on the case as shown in
Next referring to
As shown in
It is possible that the on-vehicle terminal system 1 stores combinations of respective character strings inputted by a user and the candidate characters for next from the server system 14 as shown in FIGS. 14 to 16 as history information. The history information can be used for supporting character input operations after this.
To be more concrete, when a character string is inputted by a user, the on-vehicle terminal system 1 searches the history information using the input character string as a key. If the same character string is found in the history information, the corresponding candidate characters for next included in the history information are provided to the user. If the same character string is not found in the history information, the input character string is transmitted to the server system 4 to search the candidate characters in the server system 4.
In this way, when a character string inputted by the user exists in the history information, the input character string need not be transmitted to the server system 4 so that the communication time taken to a response to an inquiry can be reduced. Furthermore, candidate characters for next can be got in response to a inquiry even when communication between the on-vehicle terminal system 1 and the server system 4 is temporarily interrupted.
As described above, the present invention makes it possible, when at least one character relevant to, for example, a destination is inputted from a navigation apparatus, to download candidate characters for next from a server system to facilitate the subsequent input operation by the user. And, when an erroneous key operation is made while a response from the server system is being awaited, or when communication between the navigation apparatus and the server system is interrupted, it is possible to reduce the time spent in waiting for a response from the server system, eventually reducing the communication time.
In the case of processing in which advance searching is performed but in which automatic correction of the input character string is not performed, if the user corrects “N” following the already inputted nine characters “FARMINGTO”, candidate characters for next “H” and “O” are additionally received as a response from the server system 4. In this case, there are two candidate characters for next. The on-vehicle terminal system 1 keeps the keys locked until the key corresponding to the candidate characters “H” or “O” is inputted.
Since the on-vehicle terminal system 1 does not automatically correct the input character string, the user can continue the input operation without being confused.
In a state in which ACM is on, every time a character is inputted at the on-vehicle terminal system 1 to make a search operation, the inputted character is transmitted to the server system 4. In a state in which ACM is off, characters inputted at the on-vehicle terminal system 1 to make a search operation are temporarily held in the on-vehicle terminal system 1. The characters are transmitted to the server system 4 when the search request/candidate display button 1305 is pressed.
Referring to
After the search request is transmitted to the server system 4 in step 1104, it is determined in step 1105 whether or not search results (including candidate characters for next, date and time of last database update, number of candidates, and a list of candidates) have been received as a response from the server system 4 to the on-vehicle Namely, this step 1105 is used to wait for a response from the server system 4. When it is determined in step 1105 that the search results have been responded from the server system 4, processing advances to step 1106. In step 1106, it is determined whether or not the date and time of last database update included in the search results from the server system 4 in step 1105 is identical with the corresponding date and time stored in the cache memory 14. The processing to be performed when there is no response from the server system 4 in a certain period of time will be described later.
The date and time of last database update indicates when the address database for the area corresponding to the search condition included in the search key transmitted from the on-vehicle terminal system 1 was last updated. The number of candidates indicates the number of cities narrowed down based on the search character string in the area corresponding to the search condition. The list of candidates indicates the names of cities narrowed down in the same way. The candidate characters for next are characters following the respective searched candidate strings which have been extracted from the list of candidates. Namely respective the candidate characters for next input are added to current candidate character strings in input mode.
If it is determined in step 1106 that the date and time of last database update included in the search results from the server system 4 is newer than the corresponding date and time stored in the cache memory 14, the old data stored in the cache memory 14 is erased. An arrangement may be made to erase, out of the whole data stored in the cache memory 14, only the data corresponding to the input mode 1301 and the search condition 1303 included in the search key so as to leave as much data as possible in the cache memory 14. A different arrangement may be made so as to erase, out of the data corresponding to the input mode 1301 and the search condition 1303, only the data items beginning with the search character string. If it is determined in step 1106 that the date and time of last database update included in the search results from the server system 4 is identical with the corresponding date and time stored in the cache memory 14, the search key, the search results, and the date and time of last database update are mutually associated and stored in the cache memory 14 in step 1108. Processing then advances to step 1109. The search results to be stored in the cache memory 14 include at least the candidate characters for next input and the number of candidates included in the search results from the server system 41.
Processing advances to step 1109 also when it is determined in step 1103 that search results corresponding to the search key have been stored in the cache memory 14. In step 1109, based on the search results retrieved from the cache memory 14 or responded from the server system 41, the areas corresponding to the candidate characters for next input of the character input panel 1304 are highlighted, and then enabling the candidate characters as well as “BS” to be inputted.
Referring to
In step 1203, whether or not the search results obtained in the past have been stored in the cache memory 14 is determined. When it is determined in step 1203 that the search results obtained in the past have been stored in the cache memory 14, processing advances to step 1211.
If it is determined in step 1203 that the search results obtained in the past have not been stored in the cache memory 14, processing advances to step 1204. In step 1204, the character input panel 1304 shown in
When the search request/candidate display button 1305 is pressed under the state where the search character string including at least one character has been inputted, processing from step 1205 is starts. In step 1205, when the user presses the search request/candidate display button 1305, i.e. the “Find/List” button, after inputting at least one character from the character input panel 1304, a search request is generated based on a search key (composed of the input mode 1301, the search character string 1302, and the search condition 1303 shown in
After the search request is transmitted to the server system 4, it is determined in step 1207 whether or not search results (including candidate characters for next input, date and time of last database update, number of candidates, and a list of candidates) have been received as a response from the server system 4 shown in
If it is determined in step 1208 that the date and time of last database update included in the search results from the server system 4 is not identical with the corresponding date and time stored in the cache memory 14, the old data stored in the cache memory 14 is erased in step 1209 as in step 1107 shown in
If the data stored in the cache memory 14 is updated in step 1210, or if it is determined in step 1203 that search results obtained in the past have been stored in the cache memory 14, processing advances to step 1211. In step 1211, the areas corresponding to the candidate characters for next input of the character input panel 1304 are highlighted enabling the candidate characters as well as “BS” to be inputted based on the search results retrieved from the cache memory 14 or received from the server system 41.
Next, with reference to FIGS. 5 to 9, processing for an address search will be concretely described taking an example of inputting a city name (CITY) as a destination.
For a city name input operation, the terminal unit 11 of the on-vehicle terminal system 1 is on ready to accept character input from the touch panel 13. In the present example, characters “F”, “A”, and “R” are successively inputted.
When a user inputs the first character “F” to the character input panel 1304 shown in
When candidate characters (for example, A, B, C, . . . ) following the “F” displayed as the search character string 1302 and the number of candidates (for example, 100) are extracted by the terminal unit 11 of the on-vehicle terminal system 1 and the search results are reflected on the character input panel 1304 making it possible to input the candidate characters, the user inputs “A” out of the candidate characters to the character input panel 1304.
When the user inputs the character “A” from the character input panel 1304, the display of search character string 1302 becomes to “FA” as updated string. Also when the user inputs the character “A” from the character input panel 1304, the terminal unit 11 of the on-vehicle terminal system 1 extracts past search results corresponding to the search key composed of the input mode 1301, the search character string 1302, and the search condition 1303 from the cache memory 14. When past search results corresponding to the search key have been already stored in the cache memory 14, the terminal unit 11 extracts candidate characters (for example, A, E, I, . . . ) following the “FA” and the number of candidates (for example, 50) and reflects the extracted search results on the character input panel 1304. It then becomes possible to input the candidate characters (A, E, I, . . . ) following the “FA” through the character input panel 1304 used to input a search character string (for example, a city name). On the character input panel 1304, the keys corresponding to the other characters are locked.
If past search results corresponding to the search key have not been stored in the cache memory 14, the search request is transmitted from the terminal unit 11 of the on-vehicle terminal system 1 to the server unit 41 of the server system 4 via the communication device 2.
When the search results (candidate characters A, E, I, . . . for next input and the number of candidates 50) obtained by a search performed in the server system 4 in response to the search request are received by the terminal unit 11 of the on-vehicle terminal system 1, they are reflected on the character input panel 1304 and stored in the cache memory 14.
After extracting the candidate characters (A, E, I, . . . ) following the “FA” displayed as the search character string 1302 and the number of candidates (50), and reflecting the search results on the character input panel 1304 making it possible to input the candidate characters, the terminal unit 11 waits for an input to be made by the user.
When the user inputs character “R” from the character input panel 1304, the display of the search character string 1302 changes to “FAR”. Also when the user inputs the character “R” from the character input panel 1304, the terminal unit 11 extracts, as described above, past search results corresponding to the search key composed of the input mode 1301, the search character string 1302, and the search condition 1303 from the cache memory 14. When past search results corresponding to the search key have been already stored in the cache memory 14, the terminal unit 11 extracts candidate characters (for example, M, W, . . . ) following the “FAR” displayed as the search character string 1302 and the number of candidates (for example, 10) and reflects the extracted search results on the character input panel 1304. It then becomes possible to input the candidate characters (M, W, . . . ) following the “FAR” through the character input panel 1304. On the character input panel 1304, the keys corresponding to the other characters are locked.
If past search results corresponding to the search key have not been stored in the cache memory 14 shown in
When the search results (candidate characters M, W, . . . for next input and the number of candidates 10) obtained by a search performed in the server system 4 in response to the search request are received by the terminal unit 11 of the on-vehicle terminal system 1, they are reflected on the character input panel 1304 and stored in the cache memory 14 shown in
Next, processing performed when the “BS” (backspace) button is pressed after characters “FAR” have been inputted will be described with reference to
Subsequently, when the “BS” button shown in
As described above, providing the cache memory 14 in the on-vehicle terminal system 1 makes it possible to obtain search results without transmitting an inquiry to the server unit 41 of the server system 4 every time the search character string is changed (updated). As a result, the number of times of communication made between the terminal unit 11 and the cache memory 14 can be reduced. Furthermore, when search results corresponding to an inquiry have been already stored in the cache memory 14, the search results can be reflected on the character input panel 1304 more quickly than when it is necessary to transmit a inquiry to the server unit 4. Thereby, the irritation or frustration felt by the user waiting for search results can be reduced.
The processing up to when the user inputs the character “A” to the character input panel 1304 is the same as described with reference to
When the user inputs the character “A” to the character input panel 1304, the display of the search character string 1302 changes to “FA”. Inputting of the character “A” to the character input panel 1304 causes the terminal unit 11 to inquiry the cache memory 14 to extract candidate characters following the “FA” and the number of candidates. When search results corresponding to the inquiry have not been stored in the cache memory 14, the terminal unit 11 transmits a search request to the server unit 41 via the communication device 2.
After the character “A” was inputted and the display of the search character string 1302 changes to “FA”, the character input panel 1304 is ready to accept any character input until search results are received as a response from the server unit 41. It is therefore possible that the user inputs another character to the character input panel 1304, for example, when arrival of search results from the server unit 41 is delayed. In the present example, when character “R” is additionally inputted, the terminal unit 11 changes the display of the search character string 1302 to “FAR”. Inputting of the additional character to the character input panel 1304 causes the terminal unit 111 to inquiry in the cache memory 14 to extract candidate characters following the “FAR” and the number of candidates. When search results corresponding to the inquiry have not been stored in the cache memory 14, the terminal unit 11 transmits a search request to the server unit 41 via the communication device 2 without waiting for a response of the server system 4 (the server unit 41) to the preceding search request.
When the search request based on the search character string “FAR” is transmitted to the server unit 41 from the terminal unit 11 via the communication device 2, there is a case that arrival of search results from the server unit 41 responding to the preceding search request is delayed for some reason. Accordingly, there is also a case that search results for the “FAR” are received as a response from the server unit 41 at the terminal unit 11 before search results responding the preceding search request “FA” are received as a response from the server unit 41. In such a case, first, the search results for “FAR” composed of candidate characters (M, W, . . . ) following the “FAR” and the number of candidates (10) are stored in the cache memory 14 and reflected on the character input panel 1304. After that, the search results for “FA” composed of candidate characters (A, E, I, . . . ) and the number of candidates (50) are stored in the cache memory 14 without being reflected on the character input panel 1304.
The search request to the inputted character is transmitted from the terminal unit 11 to the server unit 41 via the communication device 2, and when the response corresponding to the search request is not responded from the server unit to the terminal unit 1 in a certain period of time, the search request resend. The processing for resending will be described with reference to
When the user inputs characters “FA” to the character input panel 1304, the terminal unit 11 displays the “FA” as the search character string 1302 and then inquires the cache memory 14 to extract search results corresponding to the search key. At this time, even if candidate characters (A, B, C, . . . ) following “F” and the number of candidates (100) have been stored in the cache memory 14, unless search results composed of candidate characters following the “FA” displayed as the search character string 1302 and the number of candidates have been stored in the cache memory 14, the terminal unit 11 transmits a search request to extract candidate characters following the “FA” and the number of candidates to the server unit 41 via the communication device 2.
After transmitting the search request to extract candidate characters following the search character string “FA” and the number of candidates to the server unit 41, if there is no response from the server unit 41 in a certain period of time (timeout period) on account of a communication delay, the terminal unit 11 transmits again via the communication device 2 concerning search request to extract candidate characters following the search character string “FA” and the number of candidates to the server unit 41. The timeout period is dynamically determined based on such conditions as the state of communication 1308 and the vehicle speed 1308. For example, when the vehicle speed is high or the radio field intensity is low, the timeout period is lengthened.
Subsequently, when the terminal unit 11 receives the search results (composed of candidate characters (A, E, I, . . . ) for next input and the number of candidates (50)) from the server unit 41 in response to the last search request transmitted to the server unit 41 before the timeout period for the last search request elapses, the received search results are reflected on the character input panel 1304 and stored in the cache memory 14. As a result, it becomes possible to input the candidate characters (A, E, I, . . . ) following the “FA” to the character input panel 1304 (used to enter city name), whereas, on the character input panel 1304, the keys corresponding to the other characters are locked.
If, after receiving the search results (composed of candidate characters (A, E, I, . . . ) for next input and the number of candidates (50)) from the server unit 41 in response to the last (second) search request transmitted to the server unit 41, the terminal unit 11 receives the same search results as the above-mentioned search results in response to the previous (first) search request transmitted with the same search character string “FA” to the server unit 41, the last-received search results are discarded since the same search results have been already stored in the cache memory 14.
Next, processing in which inputted characters can be corrected when the terminal unit 11 belatedly receives search results composed of candidate characters following already inputted characters “FAR” and the number of candidates from the server unit 41 will be described with reference to
In the present example, after a user inputs characters “FAR” from the character input panel 1304 and the inputted characters “FAR” are displayed as the search character string 1302, the terminal unit 11 inquires the cache memory 14 to extract search results corresponding to the search key. At this time, even if past search results such as the candidate characters (A, B, C, . . . ) following “F” and the number of candidates (100) and the candidate characters (A, E, I, . . . ) following “FA” and the number of candidates (50) have been stored in the cache memory 14, unless search results composed of candidate characters following the “FAR” and the number of candidates have been stored in the cache memory 14, the terminal unit 11 transmits a search request to extract search results composed of candidate characters following the “FAR” and the number of candidates to the server unit 41 via the communication device 2.
If, after the search request to extract candidate characters following “FAR” and the number of candidates is transmitted to the server unit 41 and while the response to the search request from the server unit 41 is being delayed due to a communication delay, the user inputs additional characters “NINTOM” from the character input panel 1304, the terminal unit 11 transmits a search request to make a search based on the search character string “FARNINTOM” to the server unit 41 via the communication device 2.
Regardless of whether or not search results in response to the last search request made with the search character string “FARNINTOM” have been received, the candidate characters following the “FAR” and the number of candidates are subsequently received with delay response from the server unit 41 at the terminal unit 11, the candidate characters (M, W, . . . ) following the “FAR” and the number of candidates (10) are reflected on the character input panel 1304 shown in
The reason of processing above step is as follows. That is, the character string inputted by a user is “FARNINTOM”, whereas “N” following the characters “FAR” has not been included among the candidate characters (M, W, . . . ) following the “FAR”. So the inputted character string “FARNINTOM” on the display of the search character string 1302 is reverted to “FAR”. As a result, the display of the search character string 1302 changes to “FAR”.
The foregoing description has been provided using examples of processing to search for a place name.
In
The touch panel 13 used for a POI search has a display configuration as shown in
When a part of a character string to specify a destination is inputted from the on-vehicle terminal system 1, candidate characters for next input are downloaded from the server system 4 and the downloaded candidate characters are color-highlighted on the touch panel 13.
When the setup button 1310 on the touch panel 13 shown in
In
When, in a state shown in
The present invention when applied to an apparatus for guiding a car can shorten communication time and quicken response time.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2002-301069 | Oct 2002 | JP | national |
2003-006418 | Jan 2003 | JP | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP03/13200 | 10/15/2003 | WO | 8/16/2005 |