Patent Application
20240324576
The present disclosure is related generally to an insect trap, more particularly, to a removable insect trap having a minimal footprint and an aesthetically pleasing design.
Flying insect pests have long been a nuisance and a health hazard. Since ancient times, insect traps have been used to eliminate flying insects, and hundreds of different traps have been proposed and developed over the centuries. There has always been a need to eliminate flies and mosquitos that inevitably find their way into homes. Recent US outbreaks of Eastern Equine Encephalitis, West Nile virus and harmful E. Coli infections, public health threats that can be spread by flying insects, have only increased this need. Because insects may see and be attracted to a combination of ultraviolet (UV) and visible light, an indoor insect trap may have its own UV and visible light sources. Insect traps commonly have a fluorescent tube that emits both UV and visible light to attract insects and a glue board to trap them. However, insect traps incorporating fluorescent tubes and the transformers that power them may be too large to fit wherever they're needed and too expensive to afford one for every room in the house. In addition, insects may contact the fluorescent tube and over time it may accumulate dust and insect debris, blocking the light and reducing the trap's effectiveness. Furthermore, the glue board may be difficult to remove and replace without touching trapped insects and adhesive.
An insect trap device and methods of using the device are described herein. The insect trap may effectively attract and trap insects indoors and may be manufactured and sold at a lower cost than commercially available traps. The insect trap device may be smaller than competing indoor insect traps, and may be conveniently movable from one location to another. The insect trap device may be easier to clean and maintain without contacting trapped insects.
In a first aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including a frame and a membrane having an adhesive surface, wherein the membrane is at least partially contained within the frame and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a housing portion, wherein the housing portion is configured to receive and retain the trap portion when engaged therewith. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the housing portion of the base portion includes one or more alignment guides for receiving the trap portion. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the alignment guides include side channels, slots, flanges, or recesses. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the frame of the trap portion includes a border that substantially surrounds the periphery of the membrane. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the border of the trap portion surrounds one, two, or three sides of the membrane. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the border of the trap portion includes side flanges and is configured to be received into one or more alignment guides on the housing portion of the base portion. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the frame further includes a tab that is configured to allow a user to insert and remove the trap portion from base portion. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion via the tab. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the base portion further includes an enclosure, the enclosure at least partially surrounding the trap portion and including a first opening that configured to allow an insect to enter into the enclosure. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the lighting element is located in front of the trap portion. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the enclosure includes a second opening configured to allow light to emit from the enclosure. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the enclosure is configured to distribute the light in a predetermined pattern. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the base portion further includes a mounting portion configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the trap portion further includes a cover configured to cover at least a portion of the membrane of the trap portion when the trap portion is not engaged with the base portion. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the trap portion further includes a hinge, the hinge configured to allow the cover to swing into an open position and a closed position. In an embodiment of the first aspect, when the cover is in an open position, the cover is located behind the membrane, thereby exposing the adhesive surface. In an embodiment of the first aspect, when the cover is in a closed position, the cover is located in front of the membrane, thereby covering at least a portion of the adhesive surface. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the cover includes one or more engagement features for securing the cover to the frame. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the frame includes one or more receiving features for securing the cover to the frame. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the engagement features include: ribs, bumps, lips, protrusions, and recesses. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the receiving features include: ribs, bumps, lips, protrusions, and recesses. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the cover includes: a tambour, a roller blind, a solid plate, a shutter, or one or more slats. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the cover is configured to automatically cover at least a portion of the membrane of the trap portion upon removal of the trap portion from the base portion. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the cover is configured to automatically uncover the membrane of the trap portion upon engagement of the trap portion with the base portion. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the lighting element includes a light emitting diode (LED). In an embodiment of the first aspect, the lighting element includes an ultraviolet (UV) LED and a blue LED. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the trap portion includes an insect attractant. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the insect attractant is selected from the group consisting of: sorbitol, colcopteran attractants, dipteran attractants, homopteran attractants, lepidopteran, straight chain lepidopteran pheromones, cugenol, methyl eugenol, and siglure. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the trap portion further includes a reflective surface. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the membrane includes a reflective surface.
In a second aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including: an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect, the enclosure further including a visual indicator integral to the enclosure, the visual indicator providing an indication of trap life remaining; and one or more insect-attracting substances, and a base portion configured to removably engage the trap portion. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the trap portion further including a removable tab covering the one or more insect-attracting substances, wherein upon removal of the tab, the one or more insect-attracting substances is released from the trap. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the visual indicator includes a visible level of the one or more insect-attracting substances in the trap portion. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the one or more insect-attracting substances includes an insect attractant and a carrier material. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the carrier material is configured to change color when the insect attractant is depleted. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the base portion further includes: a mounting portion configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; and a heating element configured to receive power from the power source and heat the one or more insect-attracting substances in the trap portion. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the base portion further includes: a circuit board having a programmable processor for executing commands related to the operating settings of the insect trap, wherein the circuit board is in communication with the heating element and is configured to monitor an electrical property of the one or more insect-attracting substances. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the circuit board is configured to provide the visual indicator when an electrical property of the one or more insect-attracting substances exceeds or drops below a threshold value. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the trap further includes a lighting element in communication with the circuit board, the circuit board configured to cause the lighting element to flash or change color as the visual indicator when the one or more insect-attracting substances is depleted. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the trap further includes a speaker in communication with the circuit board, the circuit board configured to cause the speaker to make an audible noise when the one or more insect-attracting substances is depleted. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the heating element includes: an electrical contact, an electrical resistance coil, one or more resistors, one or more infrared LEDs, one or more Peltier or Thompson effect devices, a metal-oxide film, or a printed conductive ink. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the processor is configured to receive commands wirelessly from a user and execute said commands related to the operating settings of the insect trap. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the commands from the user can be sent via a mobile device. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the base portion further includes: a mounting portion configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; and a sensor configured to receive power from the power source and monitor an electrical property of the one or more insect-attracting substances. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the base portion further includes: a circuit board having a programmable processor for executing commands related to the operating settings of the insect trap; wherein the circuit board is in communication with the sensor. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the circuit board is configured to provide the visual indicator when an electrical property of the one or more insect-attracting substances exceeds or drops below a threshold value. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the trap further includes a lighting element in communication with the circuit board, the circuit board configured to cause the lighting element to flash or change color as the visual indicator when the one or more insect-attracting substances is depleted. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the trap further includes a speaker in communication with the circuit board, the circuit board configured to cause the speaker to make an audible noise when the one or more insect-attracting substances is depleted. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the sensor includes: a voltage detector, a current detector, an impedance detector, a pH sensor, or a moisture detector.
In a third aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; a base portion configured to removably engage the trap portion; and a removable insect attractant cartridge configured to be received in the trap portion or base portion. In an embodiment of the third aspect, the base portion includes an opening configured to receive the insect attractant cartridge. In an embodiment of the third aspect, the trap further includes a heating element in communication with the removable insect attractant cartridge, the heating element configured to increase the rate at which the insect attractant is released. In an embodiment of the third aspect, the insect attractant cartridge includes: a scent cartridge, a double scent cartridge, a single chamber container, or a double chamber container. In an embodiment of the third aspect, the insect attractant cartridge includes a single or double chamber container and wick, the insect attractant including an evaporable liquid attractant. In an embodiment of the third aspect, the single or double chamber is transparent or translucent, allowing a user to view the level of the evaporable liquid attractant. In an embodiment of the third aspect, the evaporable liquid attractant includes a colored or dyed liquid. In an embodiment of the third aspect, the single or double chamber includes a visual indicator, wherein the visual indicator provides one or more level lines indicative of the volume of liquid attractant in the chamber. In an embodiment of the third aspect, the insect attractant cartridge further includes an attachment portion configured to attach to the insect trap. In an embodiment of the third aspect, the insect trap further includes a heating element in communication with the wick, wherein the heating element heats the insect attractant by radiation, conduction, or convection. In an embodiment of the third aspect, the insect attractant cartridge includes a double chamber container and wicks, and wherein the double chamber is configured to hold two different insect attractants, one part each of a two-part insect attractant, or an insect attractant and neutralizer. In an embodiment of the third aspect, the double chamber releases a first insect attractant at a first time and a second insect attractant at a second time. In an embodiment of the third aspect, the first and second insect attractants are released at intermittent time intervals. In an embodiment of the third aspect, the base portion further includes: a protrusion configured to puncture the removable insect attractant cartridge.
In a fourth aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion configured to removably engage the trap portion with a plurality of engagement features. In an embodiment of the fourth aspect, the engagement features include a snap and a hook located on the base portion of the trap. In an embodiment of the fourth aspect, the engagement features further include a snap recess and a hook recess located on the trap portion of the trap. In an embodiment of the fourth aspect, the trap further includes grip features on the trap portion and/or base portion. In an embodiment of the fourth aspect, the grip features include: side recesses for fingers, grooves, ribs, bumps, or waves. In an embodiment of the fourth aspect, the base portion further includes: a mounting portion configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source, wherein the base portion includes a recessed area proximate to the mounting portion, which allows the insect trap to be flush with a wall when mounted thereto. In an embodiment of the fourth aspect, the enclosure further includes a second opening, the first opening located on a front surface of the enclosure and the second opening located on a side surface of the enclosure.
In a fifth aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect and wherein the enclosure includes: a front housing portion; a rear housing portion; and a divider portion disposed at least partially between the front housing portion and rear housing portion, wherein the divider portion divides the enclosure into a front enclosure portion and a rear enclosure portion; a base portion configured to removably engage the trap portion; and an evaporable insect attractant located in the enclosure. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the evaporable attractant includes a solid, a liquid, a gel, or a suspension. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the evaporable insect attractant is located in the rear enclosure portion of the trap portion. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, trap portion further includes a protective cap over the rear enclosure portion to prevent the evaporable insect attractant from escaping the trap when not engaged. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the rear enclosure portion further includes a wick for evaporating the evaporable insect attractant. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the base portion further includes: a heating element in communication with the wick, the heating element heats the insect attractant by radiation, conduction, or convection. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the base portion further includes: a mounting portion configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source, wherein the heating element is configured to receive power from the power source and heat at least a portion of the wick. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the front enclosure portion of the trap portion includes a plurality of openings in communication with the base portion, the openings configured to allow for evaporated insect attractant to move from the base portion into the trap portion. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the evaporated insect attractant is emitted from the first opening in the trap portion. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the divider portion includes a visual indicator, wherein the visual indicator provides one or more level lines indicative of the volume of insect attractant in the trap. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the insect attractant includes a colored or dyed liquid. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the divider portion includes a first membrane and a protrusion configured to puncture the first membrane. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the divider portion includes a second membrane. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the first membrane includes a barrier membrane and wherein the second membrane includes an absorbable membrane. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the absorbable membrane is proximate to the rear enclosure portion and wherein the rear enclosure portion holds the evaporable insect attractant. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the absorbable membrane is configured to absorb the evaporable insect attractant when the protrusion punctures the barrier membrane. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the divider portion includes a visual indicator, wherein the visual indicator provides one or more level lines indicative of the volume of insect attractant in the trap. In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the base portion includes a lighting element configured to provide light to the enclosure and wherein the lighting element is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source.
In a sixth aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; a base portion configured to removably engage the trap portion; a reservoir assembly configured to be received in the trap portion or base portion; and a punch configured to puncture reservoir assembly and activate the contents of reservoir assembly. In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the reservoir assembly is located within the trap portion and the punch is located on the base portion. In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the punch has a plurality of grooves that extend a portion of the length of the punch. In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the punch is configured to act as a seal against the reservoir assembly when the reservoir assembly is punctured. In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the reservoir assembly includes a first chamber and a second chamber. In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the first chamber includes a water and sugar solution and the second chamber includes a yeast culture. In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the punch is configured to puncture a passageway from the first chamber into the second chamber. In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the activated contents of the reservoir assembly produce carbon dioxide. In an embodiment of the sixth aspect, the carbon dioxide is emitted from the first opening in the trap portion.
In a seventh aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including a housing having an adhesive surface, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the housing and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including: a mounting portion configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source, and a heating element configured to receive power from the power source and heat the adhesive surface of the trap portion, wherein the base portion is configured to removably engage the trap portion. In an embodiment of the seventh aspect, the heating element includes one or more heating wires configured to provide the adhesive surface with a predetermined heating profile. In an embodiment of the seventh aspect, the one or more heating wires are arranged in a pattern including a concentric pattern, a vertical pattern, a horizontal pattern, or a labyrinthine pattern. In an embodiment of the seventh aspect, the predetermined heating profile includes a uniform pattern or non-uniform pattern. In an embodiment of the seventh aspect, the one or more heating wires are constructed from conductive polymers, self correcting conductive polymers, metals, or metal oxides. In an embodiment of the seventh aspect, the heating wires are configured to maintain a temperature of the adhesive surface at approximately 30° C. to approximately 45° C. In an embodiment of the seventh aspect, the heating wires are configured to maintain a temperature of the adhesive surface at approximately 33° C. to approximately 42° C. In an embodiment of the seventh aspect, the base portion further includes a lighting element configured to illuminate the adhesive surface of the trap portion.
In an eighth aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including: a housing having an adhesive surface, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the housing and is configured to adhere to an insect, a heating element configured to heat the adhesive surface; and a base portion including a mounting portion configured to receive power from a power source and configured to provide the power to the heating element, wherein the base portion is configured to removably engage the trap portion. In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the heating element includes one or more heating wires configured to provide the adhesive surface with a predetermined heating profile. In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the one or more heating wires are arranged in a pattern including a concentric pattern, a vertical pattern, a horizontal pattern, or a labyrinthine pattern. In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the predetermined heating profile includes a uniform pattern or non-uniform pattern. In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the one or more heating wires are constructed from conductive polymers, self correcting conductive polymers, metals, or metal oxides. In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the heating wires are configured to maintain a temperature of the adhesive surface at approximately 30° C. to approximately 45° C. In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the heating wires are configured to maintain a temperature of the adhesive surface at approximately 33° C. to approximately 42° C. In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the base portion further includes a lighting element configured to illuminate the adhesive surface of the trap portion.
Further objects, features, and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the following drawings.
While the appended claims set forth the features of the present techniques with particularity, these techniques, together with their objects and advantages, may be best understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
With reference to the drawings,
In some embodiments, front housing 118 and rear housing 140 are thermoformed from opaque sheet plastic. Alternatively, other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp may also be used. In some embodiments, front housing 118 and rear housing 140 are constructed by injection molding, casting or by other suitable manufacturing techniques. As shown, divider 134 is substantially planar, although it may be formed into a convex, concave or saddle-shaped contour, or a combination of contours to optimize the even distribution of light. Alternatively, divider 134 may have ribs or other features that increase adhesive surface area and create regions of light/dark contrast, which are highly visible to a wide variety of insects and may be more attractive to them.
In some embodiments, front housing 118 may be coated with transparent, translucent or opaque adhesive on an inside surface 170 to provide additional insect trapping efficiency and capacity. In addition, front housing 118 may also have a reflective coating (not shown) underneath the adhesive coating on inside surface 170 to enhance its attraction to insects and further improve the insect trapping efficiency and effectiveness.
In some embodiments, front housing 118, divider 134 and rear housing 140 are joined together at their perimeters with adhesive, although they may also be joined by other commonly used packaging assembly techniques such as ultrasonic welding or RF sealing, or any other suitable assembly method. The materials of trap portion 114 may also include one or more insect attractants. For example, trap portion 114 may be impregnated with sorbitol, coleopteran attractants including brevicomin, dominicalure, frontalin, grandlure, ipsdienol, ipsenol, japonilure, lineatin, megatomoic acid, multistriatin, oryctalure, sulcatol, and trune-call, dipteran attractants including ceralure, cuc-lure, latilure, medlure, moguchun, muscalure, and trimedlure, homopteran attractants including rescalure, lepidopteran attractants such as disparlure, straight chain lepidopteran pheromones including codlelure, gossyplure, hexalure, litlure, looplure, orfralure, and ostramone, and other insect attractants such as eugenol, methyl eugenol, and siglure, or other substances to provide a scent that further increases the insect-attracting efficiency of insect trap 110. In such embodiments, the insect attractant is integral to trap portion 114. Alternatively, the insect attractants may be embedded or contained in a separate piece (not shown) that mounts on inside surface 170 or an outside surface of front housing 118 or through opening 120 in front housing 118 or on front surface 138 of divider 134. Alternatively, water may be embedded or contained in the separate part in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances, as water vapor is a known mosquito attractant. Alternatively, other insect attractants such sugar solution, molasses, or honey may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. Alternatively, a combination of live yeast, sugar, and water, which can produce mosquito-attracting carbon dioxide, may be embedded or contained in the separate part in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. It is desirable for such attractants to be detectable by an insect for approximately a 2 meter radius from insect trap 110.
As shown, slot 130 in top surface 126 of base portion 112 and protrusions 132 on top surface 126 of base portion 112 engage with trap portion 114 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that allows trap portion 114 to be securely but removably mounted to base portion 112. A bottom surface 154 of base portion 112 may be substantially flat or concave to allow insect trap 110 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when insect trap 110 is unplugged. Alternatively, bottom surface 154 of base portion 112 may have two or more protrusions or legs (not shown) that allow insect trap 110 to sit upright when insect trap 110 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 110, conductive prongs 122 are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and switch 116 is moved to a closed position. LEDs 124 emit light, represented by arrows, preferably UV and visible light, which is transmitted through window 128 in base portion 112, through opening 144 in bottom surface 166 of rear housing 140 of trap portion 114, into rear enclosure 148, and directly onto inside surface 142 of rear housing 140 and a rear surface 152 of divider 134. Because light from LEDs 124 enters rear enclosure 148 through opening 144 in bottom surface 166 of rear housing 140 of trap portion 114 (e.g., in a face that is substantially parallel to the overall depth of trap portion 114), the light from LEDs 124 can travel the entire length of rear enclosure 148 and can diverge over the entire length of rear enclosure 148, and therefore can be more evenly distributed throughout rear enclosure 148. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 112 and is emitted directly into trap portion 114. Inside surface 142 of rear housing 140 may include a concave shape and may be configured to reflect and disperse the light from LEDs 124 to distribute the light evenly onto rear surface 152 of divider 134, although inside surface 142 of rear housing 140 may have a convex or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens (not shown) or any other lens or combination of lenses configured to distribute the light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto rear surface 152 of divider 134, may be mounted to rear housing 140 at or near opening 144 or mounted to base portion 112 at or near window 128, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 142 of rear housing 140. In some embodiments, the light from LEDs 124 directly strikes rear surface 152 of divider 134 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and spreads across divider 134, and replaces or augments the role of inside surface 142 of rear housing 140 or of the lens or lenses mounted to rear housing 140.
Thereafter, light transmits through divider 134 and adhesive 136 on front surface 138, and into front enclosure 146. Light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of divider 134, adhesive 136 on front surface 138, or both. A portion of the light entering front enclosure 146 continues through opening 120 in front housing 118 and is emitted into the surrounding area where the insect trap 110 is installed. Insects are attracted to the light emitted through adhesive coating 136 and through opening 120 in front housing 118, and fly or crawl into opening 120 and onto adhesive 136, where they become trapped in the adhesive (e.g., from adhesive 136). A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 120 in front housing 118. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 114 without touching the trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 114, and replace it with a new trap portion 114. New trap portion 114 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces and light-directing surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 110 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 114 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 112, insect trap 110 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 110 is configured such that when insect trap 110 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 110 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 110 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 114. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 114. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 142, divider 134 and adhesive 136). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 136. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on the adhesive 136 or within trap portion 114, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
An insect trap 110 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 114 that may be removably mounted to base portion 112, each trap portion 114 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying insect. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 114, and the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 120 in front housing 118 of trap portion 114, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying insect. For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 114 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 114 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 114 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 112 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 112 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 112 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 120 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 120 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 120 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 120 is circular, opening 120 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 120 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 120 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 120 is slot shaped, opening 120 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 120 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 120 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 120 covers all or a portion of front housing 118. For example, opening 120 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 118. In some embodiments, opening 120 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 118. In some embodiments, opening 120 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 118.
In some embodiments, mounted in a top surface 220 of base portion 212 is a transparent or translucent window 222. Window 222 protects LEDs 218 from dust and insect debris, and allows base portion 212 to be easily cleaned. Top surface 220 of base portion 212 may include a slot 224, and on perimeter 270 of top surface 220 are upwardly directed protrusions 226. Trap portion 214 includes a front housing 228 with at least one opening 230 and a light-conducting body 238. Opening 230 in front housing 228 may be configured to admit a wide variety of insects into insect trap 210, or alternatively it may be configured to admit one or more specific insect species. In some embodiments, opening 230 is configured to prevent user's fingers from penetrating opening 230 and inadvertently touching trapped insects or adhesive when removing and replacing trap portion 214. In some embodiments, opening 230 has a size and shape such that a sphere 25 mm in diameter cannot pass through opening 230, and has a size and shape such that a sphere 1 mm in diameter may pass through any portion of opening 230. Opening 230 may be of uniform or of varying width, shape and orientation, and if trap portion 214 has more than one opening 230, they may be of identical or of differing widths, shapes and orientations. Opening 230 may be configured to attract one or more individual insect species or a variety of insect species. In some embodiments, light-conducting body 238 includes a front surface 254, an adhesive coating or an adhesive layer 234 on front surface 254, and a rear cover 248. In some embodiments, the material and thickness of adhesive layer 234 are selected to transmit a substantial proportion of the UV and/or visible and/or IR light, for example greater than 60% of the light is transmitted through adhesive layer 234. Light-conducting body may be tapered and configured to receive light through a bottom surface 240 from LEDs 218 and deflect and evenly distribute the light (e.g., through front surface 254 and adhesive layer 234). Rear cover 248 may be configured to prevent light from escaping through a top surface 242, a back surface 256 and side surfaces (not shown) of light-conducting body 238. As provided herein, any suitable light-conducting body may be used.
In some embodiments, front housing 228 is thermoformed from opaque plastic sheet, although other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp may also be used. In some embodiments, front housing 228 is constructed by injection molding, casting or by other suitable manufacturing techniques. Front housing 228 may also be coated with transparent, translucent or opaque adhesive on an inside surface 250 to provide additional insect trapping efficiency and capacity. In addition, front housing 228 may also have a reflective coating (not shown) underneath the adhesive coating on inside surface 250 to enhance its attraction to insects and further improve the insect trapping efficiency and effectiveness. Front housing 228 and light-conducting body 238 may be joined together where they intersect or engage by ultrasonic welding or high frequency (HF) welding, although they may also be permanently or removably joined by adhesive or by other commonly used packaging assembly techniques or by any other suitable assembly method.
As shown, front housing 228 and light-conducting body 238 together form a front enclosure 246. Light-conducting body 238 may be tapered (e.g., thicker at bottom surface 240 and thinner at top surface 242), and may be constructed from any transparent material that conducts UV and/or IR and/or visible light, such as acrylic or polycarbonate plastic. The inside surfaces (not shown) of rear cover 248 may have a reflective coating to reflect light back into light-conducting body 238 and through front surface 254, thereby increasing its light-transmitting efficiency. Light-conducting body 238 may also have facets or other light-directing features of varying size, depth, and density on front surface 254 to enhance its light-transmitting efficiency. Alternatively, in some embodiments, light-conducting body 238 has facets or other light-directing features on front surface 254 and not be tapered. Light-conducting body 238 with microscopic facets or other features on front surface 254 is commonly referred to as a Light Guide Plate, although the facets or other features may also be larger and still function effectively.
Alternatively, in some embodiments, light-conducting body 238 may not have an adhesive coating, and light conducting body 238 and rear cover 248 may be part of base portion 212. In such embodiments, trap portion 214 may include a transparent or translucent back plate (not shown) with an adhesive coating on its front surface, attached at its perimeter to front housing 228.
The materials of the trap portion 214 may also include one or more insect attractants. For example, trap portion 214 may be impregnated with sorbitol, colcopteran attractants including brevicomin, dominicalure, frontalin, grandlure, ipsdienol, ipsenol, japonilure, lineatin, megatomoic acid, multistriatin, oryctalure, sulcatol, and trune-call, dipteran attractants including ceralure, cuc-lure, latilure, medlure, moguchun, muscalure, and trimedlure, homopteran attractants including rescalure, lepidopteran attractants such as disparlure, straight chain lepidopteran pheromones including codlelure, gossyplure, hexalure, litlure, looplure, orfralure, and ostramone, and other insect attractants such as eugenol, methyl eugenol, and siglure, or other substances to provide a scent that further increases the insect-attracting efficiency of insect trap 210. In such embodiments, the insect attractant is integral to trap portion 214. Alternatively, the insect attractants may be embedded or contained in a separate piece (not shown) that mounts on inside surface 250 or on an outside surface of front housing 228 or through opening 230 in front housing 228 or on front surface 254 of light-conducting body 238. Alternatively, water may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances, as water vapor is a known mosquito attractant. Alternatively, other insect attractants such sugar solution, molasses, or honey may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. Alternatively, a combination of live yeast, sugar, and water, which can produce mosquito-attracting carbon dioxide, may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. It is desirable for such attractants to be detectable by an insect for approximately a 2-meter radius from insect trap 210.
In some embodiments, base portion 212 includes a circuit board 252 having a programmable processor or chip (not shown) for executing commands, electrically connected to conductive prongs 216 and LEDs 218. For clarity, however, not all of the electrical connections are shown. Circuit board 252 may include electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current from conductive prongs 216 and provide power to illuminate LEDs 218. Circuit board 252 may include an energy stabilizer such as a full wave rectifier circuit or any other circuit that provides steady voltage to LEDs 218, although it may also provide a varying voltage to LEDs 218 to provide a flickering light, which may mimic movement that some species of insects, including mosquitoes, may find attractive. For example, light flickering frequencies in the approximate range from 0.05 Hz (e.g., to mimic the breathing rate of large mammals), to 270 Hz (e.g., the highest flicker frequency to attract male houseflies), may be desirable and the lighting element may be configured to flicker within this range. Circuit board 252 may provide power to LEDs 218 to provide UV and/or visible and/or IR light although it may be configured to provide power to only UV LEDs 218, or to only visible light LEDs 218, or to only IR LEDs 218, or to provide variable power to produce combinations of flickering UV and/or visible and/or IR light. In some embodiments, circuit board 252 may also be configured to drive a transmitter or transceiver such as a piezoelectric speaker or other device that may be mounted in base portion 212 to emit an insect-attracting sound. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect sounds or vibrations to better attract insects such as mosquitoes, midges, moths and flies, and may include one or more of insect call, reply, courtship and copulatory songs. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect-attracting sounds or vibrations such as the heartbeat of a mammal. For example, the transmitter or transceiver may emit an insect-attracting sound or sounds having a frequency in the range of approximately 0.5 Hz (e.g., the heart rate of large mammals) to approximately 240 kHz (e.g., the highest frequency detectable by insects). In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 5 Hz to 100 KHz. In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 35 Hz to 50 Khz. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be detectable by an insect within approximately a 2-meter distance from insect trap 210. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be undetectable by a human beyond approximately a 1 meter distance from insect trap 210. Circuit board 252 may also include one or more electrical heating elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 212 and into trap portion 214, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 218 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 218 may be replaced or augmented by one or more incandescent light bulbs to generate both heat and light. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 214 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals. The addition of heat may also enhance the release of insect-attracting substances, including water vapor and carbon dioxide.
As shown, slot 224 in top surface 220 of base portion 212 and protrusions 226 on top surface 220 of base portion 212 engage with trap portion 214 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that allows trap portion 214 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 212. A bottom surface 236 of base portion 212 may be substantially flat or concave to allow insect trap 210 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when insect trap 210 is unplugged. Alternatively, bottom surface 236 of base portion 212 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow insect trap 210 to sit upright when insect trap 210 is unplugged.
In the operation of the insect trap 210, conductive prongs 216 are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and LEDs 218 emit light, represented by arrows, preferably UV and visible light. The light from LEDs 218 transmit through window 222, enter bottom surface 240 of light-conducting body 238 and repeatedly reflect off of front surface 254 and back surface 256. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 212 and is emitted directly into trap portion 214. A portion of the reflected light transmits through front surface 254 of light-conducting body 238 to provide an evenly-distributed light onto and through adhesive layer 234 and into front enclosure 246. The light may be further evenly distributed by refractive and light-diffusing properties of adhesive layer 234 on front surface 254 of light-conducting body 238. A portion of the light entering front enclosure 246 continues through opening 230 in front housing 228 and is emitted into the surrounding area where insect trap 210 is installed. Insects are attracted to the light transmitted through adhesive layer 234 and through opening 230 in front housing 228, and fly or crawl through opening 230 and onto adhesive layer 234, where they become trapped in the adhesive. The user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 230 in front housing 228. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 214 without touching the trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 214, and replace it with a new trap portion 214. New trap portion 214 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces and light-directing surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 210 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 214 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 212, insect trap 210 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 210 is configured such that when insect trap 210 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 210 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 210 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 214. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 214. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., light-conducting body 238, front surface 254, back surface 256, and adhesive layer 234). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive layer 234. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive layer 234 or within trap portion 214, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
Insect trap 210 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 214 that may be removably mounted to base portion 212, each trap portion 214 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 214, and the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 230 in front housing 228 of trap portion 214, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 214 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 214 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 214 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 212 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 212 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 212 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 230 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 230 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 230 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 230 is circular, opening 230 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 230 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 230 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 230 is slot shaped, opening 230 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 230 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 230 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 230 covers all or a portion of front housing 228. For example, opening 230 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 228. In some embodiments, opening 230 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 228. In some embodiments, opening 230 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 228.
As shown, housing 318 includes ribs 336 or other features that increase the adhesive-coated surface area, produce alternating light/dark regions that some insect species find attractive, and enhance the transmission of insect-attracting light into an interior 370 of trap portion 314. A sleeve 338, configured to reduce the amount of light emitted by an outside surface 368 of housing 318, covers outside surface 368 of housing 318 except for a bottom surface 366 and at opening 320. In some embodiments, sleeve 338 is thermoformed from opaque sheet plastic, although other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp may also be used. In some embodiments, sleeve 338 includes a reflective coating on one or more of its inside surfaces (not shown), allowing sleeve 338 to direct more light through inside surfaces 334 of housing 318 and further enhance the insect attracting and trapping efficiency and effectiveness. In some embodiments, sleeve 338 is replaced by a coating configured to reduce the amount of light emitted by outside surface 368 of housing 318, or by the coating applied over a reflective coating, applied to outside surface 368 of housing 318, except for bottom surface 366.
The materials of the trap portion 314 may also include one or more insect attractants. For example, trap portion 314 may be impregnated with sorbitol, coleopteran attractants including brevicomin, dominicalure, frontalin, grandlure, ipsdienol, ipsenol, japonilure, lineatin, megatomoic acid, multistriatin, oryctalure, sulcatol, and trune-call, dipteran attractants including ceralure, cue-lure, latilure, medlure, moguchun, muscalure, and trimedlure, homopteran attractants including rescalure, lepidopteran attractants such as disparlure, straight chain lepidopteran pheromones including codlelure, gossyplure, hexalure, litlure, looplure, orfralure, and ostramone, and other insect attractants such as eugenol, methyl eugenol, and siglure, or other substances to provide a scent that increases the insect-attracting efficiency of insect trap 310. In such embodiments, the insect attractant is integral to trap portion 314. Alternatively, the insect attractants may be embedded or contained in a separate piece (not shown) that mounts on inside surfaces 334 of housing 318 or through opening 320 in housing 318. Alternatively, water may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances, as water vapor is a known mosquito attractant. Alternatively, other insect attractants such sugar solution, molasses, or honey may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. Alternatively, a combination of live yeast, sugar, and water, which can produce mosquito-attracting carbon dioxide, may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. It is desirable for such attractants to be detectable by an insect for approximately a 2-meter radius from insect trap 310.
In the operation of insect trap 310, conductive prongs 322 are inserted into a wall electrical socket and switch 316 is moved to a closed position. LEDs 324 emit light, represented by arrows, which transmits through window 328 in base portion 312 and through bottom surface 366 of housing 318. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 312 and is emitted directly into trap portion 314. A portion of the light continues within the enclosure, up one or more sides 372 of housing 318, and out through inside surfaces 334. Another portion of the light continues through bottom surface 366 of housing 318 and into the enclosure, where it illuminates inside surfaces 334. A portion of the light entering housing 318 continues through opening 320 and is emitted into the surrounding area where the trap is installed. Insects in the area are attracted to the light transmitted through opening 320 and fly or crawl into opening 320 and onto inside surfaces 334, where they become stuck in the adhesive and are trapped. The user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 320. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 314 without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 314, and replace it with a new trap portion 314. New trap portion 314 has fresh adhesive-coated inside surfaces 334, housing 318 has a clean bottom surface 366 through which the light is transmitted into trap portion 314, and the transparent or translucent material of trap portion 314 has not been degraded by prolonged exposure to UV light from LEDs 324, thereby ensuring that insect trap 310 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 314 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 312, insect trap 310 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 310 is configured such that when insect trap 310 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 310 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 310 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 314. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 314. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., housing 318 and inside surfaces 334). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on an adhesive surface or adhesive coating. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on the adhesive coating or within trap portion 314, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
Insect trap 310 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 314 that may be removably mounted to base portion 312, each trap portion 314 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 314, and the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 320 in housing 318 of trap portion 314, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 314 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 314 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 314 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 312 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 312 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 312 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 320 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 320 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 320 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 320 is circular, opening 320 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 320 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 320 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 320 is slot shaped, opening 320 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 320 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 320 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 320 covers all or a portion of trap portion 314. For example, opening 320 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of trap portion 314. In some embodiments, opening 320 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of trap portion 314. In some embodiments, opening 320 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of trap portion 314.
Although as shown in the embodiments of
In the operation of insect trap 410, base portion 412 is plugged into an electrical wall socket and trap portion 420 is mounted in front of base portion 412. Light from LEDs 414 transmit into cross-shaped cavity 454 in rear surface 428 of trap portion 420. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 412 and is emitted directly into trap portion 420. A portion of the light continues within the translucent or transparent walls of trap portion 420, diffusing the light and spreading it evenly within trap portion 420 and through inside surfaces 422. Another portion of the light continues through the rear wall of trap portion 420 and into the interior 430 of trap portion 420, where it illuminates inside surfaces 422. A portion of the light entering trap portion 420 continues through opening 424 and into the room where insect trap 410 is installed. Insects in the room are attracted to the light transmitted through opening 424, and fly or crawl into opening 424 and onto inside surfaces 422, where they become stuck in the adhesive and are trapped. The user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 424. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 420 without touching the trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 420, and replace it with a new trap portion 420. The new trap portion 420 has fresh adhesive-coated inside surfaces 422, a clean cross-shaped cavity 426 in rear surface 428 through which the light is transmitted into trap portion 420, and the transparent or translucent material of trap portion 420 has not been degraded by prolonged exposure to UV light from LEDs 414, thereby ensuring that insect trap 410 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 410 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 420. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 420. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., trap portion 420 and inside surfaces 422). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on an adhesive surface or adhesive coating. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on the adhesive coating or within trap portion 420, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
An insect trap 410 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 420 that may be removably mounted to base portion 412, each trap portion 420 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 420, and the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 424 in trap portion 420, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 420 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 420 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 420 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 412 is approximately 10 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 412 is 10 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 412 is 10 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 424 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 424 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 424 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 424 is circular, opening 424 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 424 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 424 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 424 is slot shaped, opening 424 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 424 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 424 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 424 covers all or a portion of trap portion 420. For example, opening 424 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of trap portion 420. In some embodiments, opening 424 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of trap portion 420. In some embodiments, opening 424 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of trap portion 420.
Bottom surface 540 of base portion 512 may be substantially flat or concave to allow insect trap 510 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when insect trap 510 is unplugged. Alternatively, bottom surface 540 of base portion 512 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow insect trap 510 to sit upright when insect trap 510 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 510, conductive prongs 522 are inserted into a wall electrical socket. LEDs 536 emit light, represented by arrows, preferably UV and visible light, which transmit though a rear surface 538 of housing 524 of trap portion 514. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 512 and is emitted directly into trap portion 514. A portion of the light continues within the enclosure, up one or more sides 572 of housing 524, and out through inside surfaces 530. Another portion of the light continues through wall of housing 524 and into the enclosure, where it illuminates inside surfaces 530. A portion of the light entering the enclosure continues through opening 526 in trap portion 514 and corresponding front opening 520 in base portion and is emitted into the area where insect trap 510 is installed. Insects in the area are attracted to the light transmitted through opening 526 in trap portion 514 and front opening 520 in base portion 512, and fly or crawl into front opening 520 and onto the inside surfaces 530 of trap portion 514, where they become stuck in the adhesive and are trapped. The user may observe trapped insects by looking through front opening 520 and opening 526. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 514 without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 514, and replace it with a new trap portion 514. New trap portion 514 has fresh adhesive coating inside surfaces 530, housing 524 has a clean rear surface 538, through which the light is transmitted into trap portion 514, and the transparent or translucent material of trap portion 514 has not been degraded by prolonged exposure to UV light from LEDs 536, thereby ensuring that insect trap 510 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 514 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 512, insect trap 510 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 510 is configured such that when insect trap 510 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 510 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 510 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 514. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 514. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., housing 516 and inside surfaces 530). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on an adhesive surface or adhesive coating. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on the adhesive coating or within trap portion 514, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers are used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
In some embodiments, trap portion 514 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 514 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 514 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 512 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 512 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 512 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 526 and front opening 520 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 526 and front opening 520 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 526 and front opening 520 may be slots having straight, curved or undulating shapes or patterns. When opening 526 and front opening 520 are circular, opening 526 and front opening 520 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 526 and circular front opening 520 are approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 526 and circular front opening 520 are approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 526 and front opening 520 are slot shaped, opening 526 and front opening 526 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 526 and slot shaped front opening 520 are approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 526 and slot shaped front opening 520 are approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 526 covers all or a portion of front surface 562 of housing 516. For example, opening 526 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front surface 562 of housing 516. In some embodiments, opening 526 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front surface 562 of housing 516. In some embodiments, opening 526 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front surface 562 of housing 516.
As shown, front housing 618 and back plate 638 form a front enclosure 644 in trap portion 614, and rear housing 626 and window 630 form a rear enclosure 646 in base portion 612. In some embodiments, base portion 612 includes a circuit board 648 having a programmable processor or chip (not shown) for executing commands, electrically connected to conductive prongs 622, switch 616 and LEDs 624, only one of which is shown. For clarity, however, not all of the electrical connections are shown. Circuit board 648 may include electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current from conductive prongs 622, only one of which is shown, respond to the position of switch 616 and provide power to illuminate LEDs 624. Circuit board 648 may include a full wave rectifier circuit or any other circuit to provide steady voltage to LEDs 624, although it could also provide a varying voltage to LEDs 624 to provide a flickering light, which mimics movement that some insect species, including mosquitoes, may find attractive. For example, light flickering frequencies in the approximate range of 0.05 Hz (e.g., to mimic the breathing rate of mammals) to 270 Hz (e.g., the highest flicker frequency to attract male houseflies), may be desirable and the lighting element may be configured to flicker within this range. Circuit board 648 may provide power to LEDs 624 to provide both UV and visible light, although it could be configured to provide power to only UV LEDs 624 or to only visible light LEDs 624, or to only IR light LEDs 624, or to provide variable power to produce combinations of flickering UV and/or visible and/or IR light. In some embodiments, circuit board 648 may also be configured to drive a transmitter or transceiver such as a piezoelectric speaker or other device that may be mounted in base portion 612 to emit an insect-attracting sound. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect sounds or vibrations to better attract insects such as mosquitoes, midges, moths and flies, and may include one or more of insect call, reply, courtship and copulatory songs. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect-attracting sounds or vibrations such as the heartbeat of a mammal. For example, the transmitter or transceiver may emit an insect-attracting sound or sounds having a frequency in the range of approximately 0.5 Hz (e.g., the heart rate of large mammals) to approximately 240 kHz (e.g., the highest frequency detectable by insects). In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 5 Hz to 100 KHz. In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 35 Hz to 50 Khz. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be detectable by an insect within approximately a 2-meter distance from insect trap 610. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be undetectable by a human beyond approximately a 1-meter distance from insect trap 610.
Circuit board 648 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 612 and into trap portion 614, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 624 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 624 may be replaced or augmented by one or more incandescent light bulbs to generate both heat and light. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 614 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals. The addition of heat may also enhance the release of insect-attracting substances, including water vapor and carbon dioxide.
As shown, rim or protrusions 636 on top surface 634 of base portion 612 engage with trap portion 614 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that allows trap portion 614 to be securely but removably mounted to base portion 612. A bottom surface 654 of base portion 612 may be substantially flat or concave to allow insect trap 610 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when insect trap 610 is unplugged. Alternatively, bottom surface 654 of base portion 612 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow insect trap 610 to sit upright when insect trap 610 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 610, conductive prongs 622 are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and switch 616 is moved to a closed position. LEDs 624 emit light, preferably UV and visible light, represented by arrows, which transmit through opening 632 in base portion 612, into rear enclosure 646, and onto inside surface 628 of rear housing 626 and rear surface 650 of window 630. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 612 and is emitted directly into trap portion 614. Inside surface 628 of rear housing 626 may include a concave shape and may be configured to reflect and disperse the light from LEDs 624 to distribute the light evenly onto rear surface 650 of window 630, although inside surface 628 of rear housing 626 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens (not shown) or any other lens or combination of lenses configured to distribute light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto rear surface 650 of window 630, may be mounted to base portion 612 at or near opening 632 in base portion 612, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 628 of rear housing 626. Alternatively, the light from LEDs 624 may directly strike rear surface 650 of window 630 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and be spread across and through window 630 of base portion 612 and onto back plate 638 of trap portion 614, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 628 of rear housing 626 or of the lens or lenses mounted to base portion 612. The light transmits through back plate 638 and adhesive 640 on front surface 642, and into front enclosure 644. The light may be further evenly distributed by light-diffusing properties of window 630 of base portion 612, back plate 638 of trap portion 614, adhesive 640 on front surface 642 of back plate 638, or any combination of window 630, back plate 638 and adhesive 640. A portion of the light entering front enclosure 644 continues through opening 620 in front housing 618 and is emitted into the area where insect trap 610 is installed. Insects are attracted to the light transmitted through adhesive 640 and through opening 620 in front housing 618, and fly or crawl through opening 620 and onto adhesive 640, where they become trapped. The user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 620 in front housing 618. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 614 without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 614, and replace it with a new trap portion 614. The new trap portion 614 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 610 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 614 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 612, insect trap 610 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 610 is configured such that when insect trap 610 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 610 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 610 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 614. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 614. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 628, window 630, back plate 638 and adhesive 640). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 640. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 640 or within trap portion 614, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
Insect trap 610 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 614 that may be removably mounted to base portion 612, each trap portion 614 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 614, and the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 620 in front housing 618 of trap portion 614, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 614 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 614 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 614 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 612 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 612 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 612 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 620 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 620 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 620 may be a slot having straight, curved or undulating shapes or patterns. When opening 620 is circular, opening 620 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 620 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 620 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 620 is slot shaped, opening 620 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 620 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 620 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 620 covers all or a portion of front housing 618. For example, opening 620 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 618. In some embodiments, opening 620 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 618. In some embodiments, opening 620 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 618.
Heat may attract a variety of flying insect species, including mosquitos. Accordingly, it may be beneficial for an insect trap to heat its insect-trapping adhesive so that the adhesive itself becomes attractive to insects. It may be particularly beneficial for an insect trap using both heat and light attractants to heat the adhesive to a uniform temperature while allowing the maximum amount of insect-attracting light to project through the adhesive. The insect trap of 610 may be adapted to uniformly heat the adhesive without significantly obstructing the insect attracting light projecting through the adhesive.
Trap portion 714 includes a front housing 726 with at least one opening 728 in a front surface 754, a divider 730, a rear housing 736, a lighting element such as one or more LEDs 740 (only one of which is shown), and electrical trap contacts 742. Opening 728 in front housing 726 may be configured to admit a wide variety of insects into insect trap 710, or alternatively it may be configured to admit one or more specific insect species. Opening 728 may preferably be configured to prevent user's fingers from penetrating opening 728 and inadvertently touching trapped insects or adhesive when removing and replacing trap portion 714. Opening 728 may preferably have a size and shape such that a sphere 25 mm in diameter cannot pass through opening 728. Opening 728 may preferably have a size and shape such that a sphere 1 mm in diameter may pass through any portion of opening 728. Opening 728 may be of uniform or of varying width, shape and orientation, and if trap portion 714 has more than one opening 728, they may be of identical or of differing widths, shapes and orientations. Opening 728 may be configured to attract one or more individual species or a variety of insect species. In some embodiments, divider 730 is constructed from transparent or translucent material and is coated with a transparent or translucent adhesive 732 on a front surface 734. In some embodiments, the material and thickness of divider 730 and the material and thickness of adhesive 732 are selected to transmit a substantial proportion of light, for example greater than 60% of the light is transmitted through divider 730 and adhesive 732. Divider 730 may also be configured to polarize light transmitted through it in an orientation similar to that of daylight to further attract flying insects, a wide variety of which are known to detect polarized light. In some embodiments, LEDs 740 include one that emits ultraviolet (UV) light and one that emits visible light. In some embodiments, LEDs 740 include at least one that emits UV light and at least one that emits blue light to better attract a wide variety of insect species. In some embodiments, the lighting element emits a combination of wavelengths to mimic sunlight. In some embodiments, LEDs 740 include at least one that emits infrared (IR) light to better attract certain species of insects such as mosquitos and fleas. As shown, there are two trap contacts 742 for each of LEDs 740. Thus, trap contacts 742 are electrically connected to their respective LEDs 740. While two trap contacts 742 are shown for each of LEDs 740, any suitable number may be used.
In some embodiments, rear housing 736 includes a reflective-coated inside surface 738. The material and surface finish of rear housing 736 may alternatively be configured to reflect and disperse UV and/or visible and/or IR light without a reflective coating. In some embodiments, front housing 726 and rear housing 736 are thermoformed from opaque sheet plastic, although other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp may also be used. In some embodiments, front housing 726 and rear housing 736 are constructed by injection molding or by other suitable manufacturing techniques.
As shown, divider 730 may be substantially planar, and may be configured to be parallel to, or at an angle to the primary direction of the light produced by LEDs 740, although divider 730 may be formed into a convex, concave or saddle-shaped contour, or a combination of contours to optimize the even distribution of light. Alternatively, divider 730 may include ribs or other features that increase the adhesive-coated surface area, produce alternating light/dark regions that some insect species find attractive, and enhance the transmission of insect-attracting light into interior of trap portion 714. In some embodiments, front housing 726 is coated with transparent, translucent or opaque adhesive on an inside surface to provide additional insect trapping efficiency and capacity. In addition, front housing 726 may include a reflective coating underneath the adhesive coating on an inside surface to enhance its attraction to insects and further improve the insect trapping efficiency and effectiveness. Front housing 726, divider 730 and rear housing 736 may be joined together where they intersect or engage with adhesive, although they may also be joined by other commonly used packaging assembly techniques such as ultrasonic welding or RF scaling, or any other suitable assembly method. The materials of trap portion 714 may also include one or more insect attractants. For example, trap portion 714 may be impregnated with sorbitol, coleopteran attractants including brevicomin, dominicalure, frontalin, grandlure, ipsdienol, ipsenol, japonilure, lineatin, megatomoic acid, multistriatin, oryctalure, sulcatol, and trune-call, dipteran attractants including ceralure, cue-lure, latilure, medlure, moguchun, muscalure, and trimedlure, homopteran attractants including rescalure, lepidopteran attractants such as disparlure, straight chain lepidopteran pheromones including codlelure, gossyplure, hexalure, litlure, looplure, orfralure, and ostramone, and other insect attractants such as eugenol, methyl eugenol, and siglure, or other substances to provide a scent that increases the insect-attracting efficiency of insect trap 710. In such embodiments, the insect attractant is integral to trap portion 714. Alternatively, the insect attractants may be embedded or contained in a separate picce (not shown) that mounts on an inside surface of front housing 726 or through opening 728 in front housing 726 or on front surface 754 of front housing 726 or on front surface 734 of divider 730. Alternatively, water may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances, as water vapor is a known mosquito attractant. Alternatively, other insect attractants such sugar solution, molasses, or honey may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. Alternatively, a combination of live yeast, sugar, and water, which can produce mosquito-attracting carbon dioxide, may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. It is desirable for such attractants to be detectable by an insect for approximately a 2-meter radius from insect trap 710. As shown, divider 730 has a rear surface 752, and separates trap portion 714 into a front enclosure 744 and a rear enclosure 746.
In some embodiments, base portion 712 includes electrical base contacts 750 and a circuit board 748 having a programmable processor or chip (not shown) for executing commands, electrically connected to conductive prongs 718, switch 716, and base contacts 750. For clarity, however, not all of the electrical connections are shown. While two base contacts 750 are shown in base portion 712 for each of LEDs 740 in trap portion 714, any suitable number may be used. Base contacts 750 may be configured to provide an electrical connection with trap contacts 742 when trap portion 714 is removably mounted to base portion 712. Circuit board 748 may include electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current from conductive prongs 718, respond to the position of switch 716 and provide power to base contacts 750, which, in turn, provide power to trap contacts 742 and illuminate LEDs 740 in trap portion 714 when trap portion 714 is mounted to base portion 712. In some embodiments, circuit board 748 includes an energy stabilizer such as a full wave rectifier circuit or any other circuit to provide steady voltage to LEDs 740, although it could also provide a varying voltage to LEDs 740 to provide a flickering light, which mimics movement that some insect species, including mosquitoes, may find attractive. For example, light flickering frequencies in the approximate range of 0.05 Hz (e.g., to mimic the breathing rate of mammals) to 270 Hz (e.g., the highest flicker frequency to attract male houseflies), may be desirable and the lighting element may be configured to flicker within this range. Circuit board 748 may provide power to LEDs 740 to provide UV and/or visible and/or IR light, although it could be configured to provide power to only UV LEDs 740 or to only visible light LEDs 740 or to only IR LEDs 740, or to provide variable power to produce combinations of flickering UV and/or visible and/or IR light. In some embodiments, circuit board 748 may also be configured to drive a transmitter or transceiver such as a piezoelectric speaker or other device that may be mounted in base portion 712 to emit an insect-attracting sound. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect sounds or vibrations to better attract insects such as mosquitoes, midges, moths and flies, and may include one or more of insect call, reply, courtship and copulatory songs. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect-attracting sounds or vibrations such as the heartbeat of a mammal. For example, the transmitter or transceiver may emit an insect-attracting sound or sounds having a frequency in the range of approximately 0.5 Hz (e.g., the heart rate of large mammals) to approximately 240 kHz (e.g., the highest frequency detectable by insects). In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 5 Hz to 100 KHz. In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 35 Hz to 50 Khz. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be detectable by an insect within approximately a 2-meter distance from insect trap 710. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be undetectable by a human beyond approximately a 1-meter distance from insect trap 710. Circuit board 748 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 712 and into trap portion 714, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 740 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 740 may be replaced or augmented by one or more incandescent light bulbs to generate both heat and light. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 714 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals. The addition of heat may also enhance the release of insect-attracting substances, including water vapor and carbon dioxide.
Slot 722 and protrusions 724 in top surface 720 of base portion 712 are configured to engage with trap portion 714 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that allows trap portion 714 to be securely but removably mounted to base portion 712. A bottom surface 756 of base portion 712 may be substantially flat or concave to allow insect trap 710 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when insect trap 710 is unplugged. Alternatively, bottom surface 756 of base portion 712 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow insect trap 710 to sit upright when insect trap 710 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 710, conductive prongs 718 are inserted into a wall electrical socket, switch 716 is moved to a closed position, and trap portion 714 is mounted to base portion 712. LEDs 740 emit light, represented by arrows, which transmit light into rear enclosure 746, and onto inside surface 738 of rear housing 736 and rear surface 752 of divider 730. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 712 and is emitted directly into trap portion 714. Inside surface 738 of rear housing 736 may be a concave shape and configured to reflect and disperse light from LEDs 740 to distribute the light evenly onto rear surface 752 of divider 730, although the shape of inside surface 738 of rear housing 736 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs (not shown) or other features to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens (not shown) or any other lens or combination of lenses configured to distribute light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto rear surface 752 of divider 730, may be mounted to rear housing 736 proximate to or above LEDs 740 or may be mounted to LEDs 740, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 738 of rear housing 736. Alternatively, the light from LEDs 740 may directly strike rear surface 752 of divider 730 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and may be spread across divider 730, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 738 of rear housing 736, or of the lens or lenses mounted to rear housing 736 or to LEDs 740. The light may transmit through divider 730 and adhesive 732 on front surface 734, and into front enclosure 744. The light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of divider 730, adhesive 732 on front surface 734, or both. A portion of the light entering front enclosure 744 continues through opening 728 in front housing 726 and is emitted into the area where insect trap 710 is installed. Insects are attracted to the light transmitted through adhesive 732 and through opening 728 in front housing 726, and fly or crawl into opening 728 and onto adhesive 732, where they become trapped. The user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 728 in front housing 726. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 714 without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 714, and replace it with a new trap portion 714. The new trap portion 714 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces and light-directing surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 710 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 714 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 712, insect trap 710 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 710 is configured such that when insect trap 710 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 710 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 710 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 714. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 714. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 738, divider 730 and adhesive 732). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on an adhesive surface or adhesive coating. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on the adhesive coating or within trap portion 714, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
An insect trap 710 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 714 that may be removably mounted to base portion 712, each trap portion 714 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 714, the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 728 in front housing 726 of trap portion 714, and the wavelength and intensity of LEDs 740 may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 714 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 714 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 714 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 712 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 712 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 712 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 728 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 728 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 728 may be slot shaped having straight, curved or undulating shapes or patterns. When opening 728 is circular, opening 728 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 728 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 728 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 728 is slot shaped, opening 728 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 728 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 728 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 728 covers all or a portion of front housing 726. For example, opening 728 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 726. In some embodiments, opening 728 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 726. In some embodiments, opening 728 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 726.
Engageable portion 818 of trap portion 814 engages docking switch 820 when trap portion 814 is mounted to base portion 812. Docking switch 820 may be configured to close when engageable portion 818 of trap portion 814 engages with it, as when trap portion 814 is mounted to base portion 812, and may be configured to open when engageable portion 818 of trap portion 814 is lifted from docking switch 820, as when trap portion 814 is removed from base portion 812. Docking switch 820 may be configured to activate in response to force or pressure from engageable portion 818 on trap portion 814. Alternatively, docking switch 820 may be configured to activate in response to displacement by engageable portion 818 on trap portion 814. Alternatively, docking switch 820 may be configured as an optical switch to close when a light beam is broken by the engageable portion 818 of trap portion 814, or may be configured as a Hall effect sensor to close when in proximity to a magnet on trap portion 814, or may be configured as any other switch or sensor that opens or closes when trap portion 814 is mounted or removed from base portion 812. Docking switch 820 may be electrically connected to circuit board 822 and/or switch 816 to deactivate UV and/or visible light and/or IR LEDs 826 when trap portion 814 is removed from base portion 812, thereby preventing the user from looking directly at the UV and/or visible and/or IR light from LEDs 826 as well as reducing energy consumption. Alternatively, docking switch 820 may be electrically connected to circuit board 822 and/or switch 816 to deactivate only UV LEDs 826 and/or IR LEDs 826 and/or visible light LEDs 826 when trap portion 814 is removed from base portion 812.
Protruding from a rear surface 1060 (shown in
In some embodiments, front housing 1018 and rear housing 1040 are thermoformed from opaque sheet plastic, creating a clean and aesthetically pleasing shape while maintaining low cost and disposability. Alternatively, other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp may also be used. In some embodiments, front housing 1018 and rear housing 1040 are constructed by injection molding, casting or by other suitable manufacturing techniques. As shown, divider 1034 is substantially planar, and may be configured to be parallel to, or at an angle 1052 to the primary direction 1054 of the light produced by one or more of LEDs 1024. Angle 1052 may be an acute angle, and may preferably be from 0° to 45° such that when insect trap 1010 is mounted to a wall, the top end or distal end of divider 1034 (e.g., the end farther from base portion 1012) is closer to the wall than its bottom or proximal end. In some embodiments, divider 1034 may be formed into a convex, concave or saddle-shaped contour, or a combination of contours to optimize the even distribution of light. In some embodiments, divider 1034 may have ribs or other features that increase adhesive surface area and create regions of light/dark contrast, which are highly visible to a wide variety of insects and may be more attractive to them.
In some embodiments, front housing 1018 may be coated with transparent, translucent or opaque adhesive on its inside surface to provide additional insect trapping efficiency and capacity. In addition, front housing 1018 may also have a reflective coating (not shown) underneath the adhesive coating on its inside surface to enhance its attraction to insects and further improve the insect trapping efficiency and effectiveness.
In some embodiments, front housing 1018, divider 1034 and rear housing 1040 are joined together at where they intersect or engage by ultrasonic welding or high frequency (HF) welding, although they may also be permanently or removably joined together by gluing or by any other suitable assembly method. The materials of trap portion 1014 may also include one or more insect attractants. For example, trap portion 1014 may be impregnated with sorbitol, coleopteran attractants including brevicomin, dominicalure, frontalin, grandlure, ipsdienol, ipsenol, japonilure, lineatin, megatomoic acid, multistriatin, oryctalure, sulcatol, and trune-call, dipteran attractants including ceralure, cue-lure, latilure, medlure, moguchun, muscalure, and trimedlure, homopteran attractants including rescalure, lepidopteran attractants such as disparlure, straight chain lepidopteran pheromones including codlelure, gossyplure, hexalure, litlure, looplure, orfralure, and ostramone, and other insect attractants such as eugenol, methyl eugenol, and siglure, or other substances to provide a scent that further increases the insect-attracting efficiency of insect trap 1010. In such embodiments, the insect attractant is integral to trap portion 1014. Alternatively, the insect attractants may be embedded or contained in a separate piece (not shown) that mounts on an inside surface of front housing 1018 or through opening 1020 in front housing 1018 or on front surface 1058 of front housing 1018 or on front surface 1038 of divider 1034. Alternatively, water may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances, as water vapor is a known mosquito attractant. Alternatively, other insect attractants such sugar solution, molasses, or honey may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. Alternatively, a combination of live yeast, sugar, and water, which can produce mosquito-attracting carbon dioxide, may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. It is desirable for such attractants to be detectable by an insect for approximately a 2-meter radius from insect trap 1010. Divider 1034 separates trap portion 1014 into a front enclosure 1046 and a rear enclosure 1048. In some embodiments, base portion 1012 includes a circuit board 1050 having a programmable processor or chip (not shown) for executing commands, electrically connected to conductive prongs 1022, only one of which is shown, and LEDs 1024, only one of which is shown. For clarity, however, not all of the electrical connections are shown. Circuit board 1050 may include electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current from conductive prongs 1022 and provide power to illuminate LEDs 1024. Circuit board 1050 may include an energy stabilizer such as a full wave rectifier circuit or any other circuit that provides steady voltage to LEDs 1024, although it may also provide a varying voltage to LEDs 1024 to provide a flickering light that mimics movement that some insect species, including mosquitoes, may find attractive. For example, light flickering frequencies in the approximate range of 0.05 Hz (e.g., to mimic the breathing rate of large mammals) to 250 Hz (e.g., the highest flicker frequency to attract male houseflies), may be desirable and the lighting element may be configured to flicker within this range. Circuit board 1050 may provide power to LEDs 1024 to provide UV and/or visible and/or IR light, although it may be configured to provide power to only UV LEDs 1024 or to only visible light LEDs 1024 or to only IR LEDs 1024, or to provide variable power to produce combinations of flickering UV and/or visible and/or IR light. Circuit board 1050 may also be configured to drive a transmitter or transceiver such as a piezoelectric speaker (not shown) or other device that may be mounted in base portion 1012 to emit an insect-attracting sound. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect sounds or vibrations to better attract insects such as mosquitoes, midges, moths and flies, and may include one or more of insect call, reply, courtship and copulatory songs. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect-attracting sounds or vibrations such as the heartbeat of a mammal. For example, the transmitter or transceiver may emit an insect-attracting sound or sounds having a frequency in the range of approximately 0.5 Hz (e.g., the heart rate of large mammals) to approximately 240 kHz (e.g., the highest frequency detectable by insects). In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 5 Hz to 100 kHz. In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 35 Hz to 50 Khz. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be detectable by an insect within approximately a 2-meter distance from insect trap 1010. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be undetectable by a human beyond approximately a 1-meter distance from insect trap 1010. Circuit board 1050 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 1012 and into trap portion 1014, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 1024 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 1024 may be replaced or augmented by onc or more incandescent light bulbs to generate both heat and light. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 1014 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals. The addition of heat may also enhance the release of insect-attracting substances, including water vapor and carbon dioxide.
As shown, slot 1030 in top surface 1026 of base portion 1012 and protrusions 1032 on top surface 1026 of base portion 1012 engage with trap portion 1014 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that allows trap portion 1014 to be securely but removably mounted to base portion 1012. Bottom surface 1016 of base portion 1012 may be substantially flat or concave to allow insect trap 1010 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when insect trap 1010 is unplugged. Alternatively, bottom surface 1016 of base portion 1012 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow insect trap 1010 to sit upright when insect trap 1010 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 1010, conductive prongs 1022 are inserted into a wall electrical socket. LEDs 1024 emit light, represented by arrows, preferably UV and visible light, which is transmitted through window 1028 in base portion 1012, through opening 1044 in rear housing 1040 of trap portion 1014, into rear enclosure 1048, and directly onto inside surface 1042 of rear housing 1040 and a rear surface 1056 of divider 1034. For clarity, arrows representing the light are only shown emitted from one of LEDs 1024. Because the light from LEDS 1024 enters rear enclosure 1048 through opening 1044 in a bottom face of rear housing 1040 of trap portion 1014 (e.g., in a face that is substantially parallel to the overall depth of trap portion 1014), the light can travel the entire length of rear enclosure 1048 and can diverge over the entire length of rear enclosure 1048, and therefore can be more evenly distributed throughout rear enclosure 1048. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 1012 and is emitted directly into trap portion 1014. Inside surface 1042 of rear housing 1040 may include a concave shape and may be configured to reflect and disperse the light from LEDs 1024 to distribute the light evenly onto rear surface 1056 of divider 1034, although inside surface 1042 of rear housing 1040 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens (not shown) or any other lens or combination of lenses configured to distribute the light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto rear surface 1056 of divider 1034, may be mounted to rear housing 1040 at or near opening 1044 or to base portion 1012 at or near window 1028, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 1042 of rear housing 1040. In some embodiments, the light from LEDs 1024 may directly strike rear surface 1056 of divider 1034 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and be spread across divider 1034, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 1042 of rear housing 1040 or of the lens or lenses mounted to rear housing 1040.
Thereafter, light transmits through divider 1034 and adhesive 1036 on front surface 1038, and into front enclosure 1046. Light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of divider 1034, adhesive 1036 on front surface 1038, or both. A portion of the light entering front enclosure 1046 continues through opening 1020 in front housing 1018 and is emitted into the surrounding area where insect trap 1010 is installed. Insects are attracted to the light emitted through adhesive 1036 and through opening 1020 in front housing 1018, and fly or crawl into opening 1020 and onto adhesive 1036, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 1020 in front housing 1018. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 1014 without touching the trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 1014, and replace it with a new trap portion 1014. New trap portion 1014 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces and light-directing surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 1010 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 1014 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 1012, insect trap 1010 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 1010 is configured such that when insect trap 1010 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 1010 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 1010 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 1014. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 1014. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 1042, divider 1034 and adhesive 1036). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 1036. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 1036 or within trap portion 1014, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
Insect trap 1010 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 1014 that may be removably mounted to base portion 1012, each trap portion 1014 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying or non-flying insect. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 1014, and the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 1020 in front housing 1018 of trap portion 1014, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying insect.
For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 1014 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1014 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1014 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 1012 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1012 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1012 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 1020 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 1020 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 1020 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 1020 is circular, opening 1020 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1020 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1020 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 1020 is slot shaped, opening 1020 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1020 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1020 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 1020 covers all or a portion of front housing 1018. For example, opening 1020 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 1018. In some embodiments, opening 1020 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 1018. In some embodiments, opening 1020 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 1018.
As shown, base portion 1112 includes a transparent or translucent window 1130, shown partially cut away to reveal LEDs 1124. Window 1130 has a rear surface 1150 (shown in
As shown, front housing 1118 and back plate 1138 form a front enclosure 1144 in trap portion 1114, and rear housing 1126 and window 1130 form a rear enclosure 1146 in base portion 1112. In some embodiments, base portion 1112 includes a circuit board 1148, having a programmable processor or chip (not shown) for executing commands, electrically connected to conductive prongs 1122, switch 1116 and LEDs 1124 (only one of which is shown). For clarity, however, not all of the electrical connections are shown. Circuit board 1148 may include electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current from conductive prongs 1122, only one of which is shown, respond to the position of switch 1116 and provide power to illuminate LEDs 1124. Circuit board 1148 may include an energy stabilizer such as a full wave rectifier circuit or any other circuit to provide steady voltage to LEDs 1124 when switch 1116 is in the closed position, although it could also provide a varying voltage to LEDs 1124 to provide a flickering light which mimics movement that some insect species, including mosquitoes, may find attractive. For example, light flickering frequencies in the approximate range of 0.05 Hz (e.g., to mimic the breathing rate of mammals) to 270 Hz (e.g., the highest flicker frequency to attract male houseflies), may be desirable and the lighting element may be configured to flicker within this range. Circuit board 1148 may provide power to LEDs 1124 to provide both UV and visible light, although it could be configured to provide power only UV LEDs 1124 or to only visible light LEDs 1124 or to only IR LEDs 1124, or to provide variable power to produce combinations of flickering UV and/or visible and/or IR light. In some embodiments, circuit board 1148 may also be configured to drive a transmitter or transceiver such as a piezoelectric speaker (not shown) or other device that may be mounted in base portion 1112 to emit an insect-attracting sound. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect sounds or vibrations to better attract insects, and may include one or more of mosquitoes, midges, moths and flies, and may include one or more of insect call, reply, courtship and copulatory songs. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect-attracting sounds or vibrations such as the heartbeat of a mammal. For example, the transmitter or transceiver may emit an insect-attracting sound or sounds having a frequency in the range of approximately 0.5 Hz (e.g., the heart rate of large mammals) to approximately 240 kHz (e.g., the highest frequency detectable by insects). In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 5 Hz to 100 kHz. In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 35 Hz to 50 Khz. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be detectable by an insect within approximately a 2-meter distance from insect trap 1110. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be undetectable by a human beyond approximately a 1-meter distance from insect trap 1110. Circuit board 1148 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 1112 and into trap portion 1114, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 1124 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 1124 may be replaced or augmented by one or more incandescent light bulbs to generate both heat and light. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 1114 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals. The addition of heat may also enhance the release of insect-attracting substances, including water vapor and carbon dioxide.
As shown, rim or protrusions 1136 on top surface 1134 of base portion 1112 and window 1130 engage with trap portion 1114 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that may allow trap portion 1114 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 1112. Bottom surface 1156 of the base portion 1112 may be substantially flat or concave to allow insect trap 1110 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when insect trap 1110 is unplugged. Alternatively, bottom surface 1156 of base portion 1112 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow insect trap 1110 to sit upright when insect trap 1110 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 1110, conductive prongs 1122 are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and switch 1116 is moved to a closed position. LEDs 1124 emit light, represented by arrows, which transmits directly onto rear surface 1150 of window 1130. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 1112 and is emitted directly into trap portion 1114. Inside surface 1128 of rear housing 1126 may include a concave shape and may be configured to reflect and disperse the UV and visible light from LEDs 1124 to distribute the light evenly onto rear surface 1150 of window 1130, although inside surface 1128 of rear housing 1126 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features to more evenly distribute the light. In some embodiments, LEDs 1124 are substantially perpendicular (e.g., configured so that their primary direction of light is substantially perpendicular) to window 1130. The light transmits through back plate 1138 and adhesive 1140 on front surface 1142, and into front enclosure 1144. The light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of window 1130 of base portion 1112, back plate 1138 of trap portion 1114, adhesive 1140 on front surface 1142 of back plate 1138, or any combination of window 1130, back plate 1138 and adhesive 1140. In some embodiments, a portion of the light entering front enclosure 1144 continues through opening 1120 in front housing 1118 and is emitted into the area where insect trap 1110 is installed. Insects are attracted to the UV and/or visible light transmitted through adhesive 1140 and through opening 1120 in front housing 1118, and fly or crawl through opening 1120 and onto adhesive 1140, where they become trapped. The user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 1120 in front housing 1118. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 1114 without touching the trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 1114, and replace it with a new trap portion 1114. New trap portion 1114 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 1110 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 1114 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 1112, insect trap 1110 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 1110 is configured such that when insect trap 1110 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 1110 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 1110 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 1114. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 1114. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 1128, window 1130, back plate 1138 and adhesive 1140). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 1140. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 1140 or within trap portion 1114, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
Insect trap 1110 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 1114 that may be removably mounted to base portion 1112, each trap portion 1114 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 1114, and the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 1120 in front housing 1118 of trap portion 1114, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 1114 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1114 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1114 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 1112 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1112 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1112 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 1120 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 1120 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 1120 may be a slot having straight, curved or undulating shapes or patterns. When opening 1120 is circular, opening 1120 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1120 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1120 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 1120 is slot shaped, opening 1120 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1120 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1120 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 1120 covers all or a portion of front housing 1118. For example, opening 1120 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 1118. In some embodiments, opening 1120 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 1118. In some embodiments, opening 1120 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 1118.
As shown, slot 1246 in top surface 1234 of base portion 1212 and rim or protrusions 1236 on top surface 1234 engage with trap portion 1214 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that allows trap portion 1214 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 1212. A bottom surface 1256 of base portion 1212 may be substantially flat or concave to allow insect trap 1210 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when insect trap 1210 is unplugged. Alternatively, bottom surface 1256 of the base portion 1212 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow insect trap 1210 to sit upright when insect trap 1210 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 1210, conductive prongs 1222 are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and switch 1216 may be moved to the closed position. LEDs 1224 emit light, represented by arrows, which transmits through opening 1232 in base portion 1212 and into enclosure 1244, and directly onto adhesive 1240 coating inside surface 1228 of rear housing 1226. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 1212 and is emitted directly into trap portion 1214. Because the light from LEDs 1224 enters enclosure 1244 through opening 1238 in the bottom surface 1252 of rear housing 1226 of trap portion 1214 (e.g., a face that is substantially parallel to the overall depth of trap portion 1214), the light can travel the entire length of enclosure 1244 and can diverge over the entire length of rear enclosure 1244, and therefore can be more evenly distributed throughout enclosure 1244.
Inside surface 1228 of rear housing 1226 may include a concave shape and may be configured to reflect light from LEDs 1224 to distribute the light evenly through enclosure 1244, although inside surface 1228 of rear housing 1226 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens (not shown) or any other lens or combination of lenses configured to distribute the light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto inside surface 1228 of rear housing 1226, may be mounted to base portion 1212 at or near opening 1232 or to trap portion 1214 at or near opening 1250, and may replace or augment the light-distributing role of inside surface 1228 of rear housing 1226. In some embodiments, the light from LEDs 1224 may directly strike inside surface 1228 of rear housing 1226 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and be spread across inside surface 1228, and may replace or augment the light-distributing role of inside surface 1228 the lens or lenses mounted to trap portion 1214 or to base portion 1212. Light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of window 1230 in base portion 1212, by adhesive 1240 on inside surface 1228 of rear housing 1226, or by a combination of the two.
Thereafter, a portion of the light continues through opening 1220 in front housing 1218 and into the surrounding area where the trap is installed. Insects are attracted to the UV and/or visible light transmitted through opening 1220, and fly or crawl into opening 1220 and onto adhesive 1240, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 1220 in front housing 1218. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 1214 without touching the trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 1214, and replace it with a new trap portion 1214. New trap portion 1214 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 1210 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 1214 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 1212, insect trap 1210 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 1210 is configured such that when insect trap 1210 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 1210 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 1210 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 1214. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 1214. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 1228 and adhesive 1240). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 1240. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 1240 or within trap portion 1214, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
Insect trap 1210 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 1214 that may be removably mounted to base portion 1212, each trap portion 1214 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 1214, and the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 1220 in front housing 1218 of trap portion 1214, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying insect. For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 1214 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1214 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1214 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 1212 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1212 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1212 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 1220 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 1220 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 1220 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 1220 is circular, opening 1220 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1220 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1220 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 1220 is slot shaped, opening 1220 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1220 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1220 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 1220 covers all or a portion of front housing 1218. For example, opening 1220 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 1218. In some embodiments, opening 1220 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 1218. In some embodiments, opening 1220 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 1218.
Trap portion 1314 may have at least one opening 1338. Sleeve 1336 of trap portion 1314 may be mounted with its open end adjacent to opening 1338 and may include a tapered section 1342 adjacent to opening 1338 configured to guide light sources 1324 into sleeve 1336 when trap portion 1314 is mounted to base portion 1312. Alternatively, sleeve 1336 of trap portion 1314 may be made of an opaque material and include one or more openings (not shown) to allow light from light sources 1324 to transmit into enclosure 1344. Alternatively, sleeve 1336 may have an opaque coating (not shown) on its outside surface adjacent to front housing 1318 of trap portion 1314 to prevent light from transmitting directly from light sources 1324 through enclosure 1344 and out through opening 1320 of front housing 1318. Alternatively, sleeve 1336 may be configured of plastic or metal wire mesh (not shown) or any configuration that guides light sources 1324 into trap portion 1314, protects light sources 1324 from touching adhesive 1340, and allows light from light sources 1324 to enter enclosure 1344.
As shown, rim or protrusions 1334 on top surface 1332 of base portion 1312 engage with trap portion 1314 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that allows trap portion 1314 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 1312. Bottom surface 1354 of the base portion 1312 may be substantially flat or concave to allow the insect trap 1310 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when the insect trap 1310 is unplugged. Alternatively, the bottom surface 1354 of the base portion 1312 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow the insect trap 1310 to sit upright when the insect trap 1310 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 1310, conductive prongs 1322 are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and switch 1316 is moved to the closed position. Light sources 1324 emit light, represented by arrows, which transmits through sleeve 1336 in trap portion 1314, into enclosure 1344, and directly onto adhesive 1340 coating inside surface 1328 of rear housing 1326. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 1312 and is emitted directly into trap portion 1314.
Inside surface 1328 of rear housing 1326 may include a concave shape and may be configured to reflect and disperse light from light sources 1324 to project the light evenly through enclosure 1344 and out through openings 1320 of front housing 1318, although inside surface 1328 of rear housing 1326 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features to more evenly distribute the light. The light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of sleeve 1336, by adhesive 1340 on inside surface 1328 of rear housing 1326, or by a combination of the two.
Thereafter, a portion of the light entering enclosure 1344 continues through opening 1320 in front housing 1318 and into the surrounding area where insect trap 1310 is installed. Insects are attracted to the light transmitted through opening 1320 in front housing 1318, and fly or crawl into opening 1320 and onto adhesive 1340, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through openings 1320 in front housing 1318. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire trap portion 1314 without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 1314, and replace it with a new trap portion 1314. New trap portion 1314 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 1310 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects. Because sleeve 1336 protects light sources 1324 from contacting insects, insect debris and adhesive 1340, light sources 1324 remain clean and maintain their light-producing efficiency.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 1314 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 1312, insect trap 1310 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 1310 is configured such that when insect trap 1310 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 1310 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 1310 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 1314. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 1314. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 1328 and adhesive 1340). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 1340. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 1340 or within trap portion 1314, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
Insect trap 1310 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 1314 that may be removably mounted to base portion 1312, each trap portion 1314 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 1314, and the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 1320 in front housing 1318 of trap portion 1314, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying insect. For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 1314 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1314 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1314 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 1312 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1312 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1312 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 1320 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 1320 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 1320 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 1320 is circular, opening 1320 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1320 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1320 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 1320 is slot shaped, opening 1320 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1320 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1320 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 1320 covers all or a portion of front housing 1318. For example, opening 1320 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 1318. In some embodiments, opening 1320 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 1318. In some embodiments, opening 1320 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 1318.
A variety of configurations are contemplated to protect the user from touching adhesive and from seeing and touching dead insects.
Returning to
A variety of configurations are contemplated to automatically protect the user from touching adhesive and from seeing and touching dead insects when removing and replacing the removable and trap portion.
Other configurations are contemplated that reveal insect-trapping adhesive when insect trap 1310D is in use and cover the adhesive and dead insects when trap portion 1314C is being removed and replaced. In some embodiments, an array of pivoting slats (not shown) positioned in front of opening 1368D in front plate 1370D and configured to open and close together may replace shade 1386D.
In the operation of insect trap 1310E, conductive prongs 1326E are inserted into a wall electrical socket. LEDs 1324E emit light, which transmits through opening 1330E bottom portion 1322E, onto inside surface 1334E of rear portion 1320E, and is reflected onto membrane 1362E of trap portion 1314E. A portion of light from LEDs 1324E emits directly onto membrane 1362E. The light transmits through membrane 1362E and adhesive on front surface 1364E and then through opening 1318E in front portion 1316E and into the area where insect trap 1310E is installed. Insects are attracted to the light transmitted through adhesive and through opening 1318E, and fly or crawl through opening 1318E and onto adhesive, where they become trapped. The user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 1318E. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove trap portion 1314E by grasping tab 1366E and lifting trap portion 1314E out of base portion 1312E and may discard the entire used trap portion 1314E without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, and replace it with a new trap portion 1314E. The new trap portion 1314E has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 1310E will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
Side channels 1358F are adapted to receive trap portion 1314F and guide it into place when trap portion 1314F is mounted in base portion 1312F. Trap portion 1314F includes a frame 1360F and a membrane 1362F. Frame 1360F includes a tab 1366F, configured to protrude above housing 1356F when trap portion 1314F is mounted in base portion 1312F. Membrane 1362F may be constructed from transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard or plastic. Frame 1360F may be of varying thickness and may be made of a variety of sheet materials including corrugated cardboard, polystyrene foam and paperboard, as well as of molded or thermoformed plastic. Trap portion 1314F may be removed from base portion 1312F by grasping and lifting tab 1366F. Trap portion 1314F is mounted in base portion 1312F by grasping tab 1366F, inserting trap portion 1314F into side channels 1358F and lowering trap portion 1314F into place.
In the operation of insect trap 1310F, conductive prongs 1326F are inserted into a wall electrical socket, LEDs 1324F emit light, and heating wires 1340F generate heat and warm window 1338F, which warms membrane 1362F, which, in turn, warms adhesive. In some embodiments, circuit board 1332F is configured to monitor the current through connecting wires 1344F and respond to temperature-related changes in resistance through heating wires 1340F by increasing or decreasing voltage through heating wires 1340F, thereby warming adhesive to a steady, uniform temperature. Light from LEDs 1324F transmits through opening 1330F in base portion 1312F, onto inside surface 1334F of rear portion 1320F, and is reflected onto membrane 1362F of trap portion 1314F. A portion of light from LEDs 1324F emits directly onto membrane 1362F. The light transmits through membrane 1362F and adhesive on front surface 1364F and through opening 1318F in front portion 1316F and into the area where insect trap 1310F is installed. Insects are attracted to the light and heat transmitted through the adhesive, and fly or crawl through opening 1318F and onto the adhesive, where they become trapped. The user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 1318F. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove trap portion 1314F by grasping tab 1366F and lifting trap portion 1314F out of base portion 1312F and may discard the entire used trap portion 1314F without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, and replace it with a new trap portion 1314F. The new trap portion 1314F has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 1310F will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, light source 1424 uses electroluminescent (EL) technology, although other lighting technologies or combination of lighting technologies may be adapted for use. In some embodiments, light source 1424 emits both UV and visible light. In some embodiments, light source 1424 emits both UV and blue light to better attract a wide variety of insect species. In some embodiments, light source 1424 emits a combination of wavelengths to mimic sunlight. In some embodiments, light source 1424 emits infrared (IR) light to better attract certain species of insects including mosquitos and fleas. On the perimeter of top surface 1432 may be an upwardly directed rim or protrusions 1434. Trap portion 1414 includes a front housing 1418 with at least one opening 1420 in a front surface 1416, and a transparent or translucent back plate 1426. Opening 1420 in front housing 1418 may be configured to admit a wide variety of insects into insect trap 1410, or alternatively it may be configured to admit one or more specific insect species. In some embodiments, opening 1420 is configured to prevent a user's fingers from penetrating opening 1420 and inadvertently touching trapped insects or adhesive when removing and replacing trap portion 1414. In some embodiments, opening 1420 has a size and shape such that a sphere 25 mm in diameter cannot pass through opening 1420, and has a size and shape such that a sphere 1 mm in diameter can pass through any portion of opening 1420. Opening 1420 may be of uniform or of varying width, shape and orientation, and if trap portion 1414 has more than one opening 1420, they may be of identical or of differing widths, shapes and orientations. Opening 1420 may be configured to attract one or more individual insect species or a variety of insect species. Front housing 1418 and back plate 1426 form an enclosure 1444. As shown, back plate 1426 is substantially planar, although it may have ribs or other features (not shown) that increase adhesive surface area and create regions of light/dark contrast, which are highly visible to a wide variety of insects and may be more attractive to them.
Back plate 1426 includes a front surface 1442, which may be coated with a transparent or translucent adhesive 1440. Back plate 1426 may also be configured to polarize light transmitted through it in an orientation similar to that of daylight to further attract flying insects, a wide variety of which are known to detect polarized light. In some embodiments, front housing 1418 is coated with transparent, translucent or opaque adhesive (not shown) on its inside surface (not shown) to provide additional insect trapping efficiency and capacity. In some embodiments, front housing 1418 may also have a reflective coating (not shown) underneath the adhesive coating on its inside surface to enhance its attraction to insects and further improve the insect trapping efficiency and effectiveness. In some embodiments, front housing 1418 and back plate 1426 are thermoformed from opaque sheet plastic, creating a clean and aesthetically pleasing shape while maintaining low cost and disposability. Alternatively, other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp may also be used. In some embodiments, front housing 1418 and back plate 1426 are constructed by injection molding or by other suitable manufacturing techniques.
In some embodiments, front housing 1418 and back plate 1426 are joined together where they intersect or engage with an adhesive, although they may also be joined together by other commonly used packaging assembly techniques such as ultrasonic welding or RF scaling, or any other suitable assembly method. The materials of trap portion 1414 may also be impregnated with one or more insect attractants. For example, trap portion 1414 may be impregnated with sorbitol, coleopteran attractants including brevicomin, dominicalure, frontalin, grandlure, ipsdienol, ipsenol, japonilure, lineatin, megatomoic acid, multistriatin, oryctalure, sulcatol, and trune-call, dipteran attractants including ceralure, cue-lure, latilure, medlure, moguchun, muscalure, and trimedlure, homopteran attractants including rescalure, lepidopteran attractants such as disparlure, straight chain lepidopteran pheromones including codlelure, gossyplure, hexalure, litlure, looplure, orfralure, and ostramone, and other insect attractants such as eugenol, methyl eugenol, and siglure, or other substances to provide a scent that may further increase the insect-attracting efficiency of insect trap 1410. Alternatively, the insect attractants may be embedded or contained in a separate piece (not shown) that may mount on an inside surface of enclosure 1444 or on front surface 1416 of front housing 1418 or through an opening in front housing 1418 or back plate 1426. Alternatively, water may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances, as water vapor is a known mosquito attractant. Alternatively, other insect attractants such sugar solution, molasses, or honey may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. Alternatively, a combination of live yeast, sugar, and water, which can produce mosquito-attracting carbon dioxide, may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. It is desirable for such attractants to be detectable by an insect for approximately a 2-meter radius from insect trap 1410.
As shown, rim or protrusions 1434 on top surface 1432 of base portion 1412 engage with trap portion 1414 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that allows trap portion 1414 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 1412. Bottom surface 1446 of base portion 1412 may be substantially flat or concave to allow insect trap 1410 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when insect trap 1410 is unplugged. Alternatively, bottom surface 1446 of base portion 1412 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow insect trap 1410 to sit upright when insect trap 1410 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 1410, conductive prongs 1422 are inserted into a wall electrical socket, circuit board 1448 may provide current to light source 1424, and light source 1424 emits light, represented by arrows, which transmit directly onto and through back plate 1426, through adhesive 1440 on front surface 1442, and into enclosure 1444. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 1412 and is emitted directly into trap portion 1414. In some embodiments, the light is further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of back plate 1426, or adhesive 1440, or by a combination of the two.
Thereafter, a portion of the light entering enclosure 1444 continues through opening 1420 in front housing 1418 and into the surrounding area where insect trap 1410 is installed. Insects are attracted to the light transmitted through adhesive 1440 and through opening 1420, and fly or crawl into opening 1420 and onto adhesive 1440, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 1420 in front housing 1418. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire trap portion 1414 without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 1414, and replace it with a new trap portion 1414. The new trap portion 1414 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 1410 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, insect trap 1410 is configured such that when insect trap 1410 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 1410 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
Insect trap 1410 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 1414 that may be removably mounted to base portion 1412, each trap portion 1414 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 1414, and the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 1420 in front housing 1418 of trap portion 1414, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying insect. For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 1414 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1414 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1414 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 1412 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1412 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1412 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 1420 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 1420 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 1420 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 1420 is circular, opening 1420 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1420 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1420 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 1420 is slot shaped, opening 1420 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1420 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1420 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 1420 covers all or a portion of front housing 1418. For example, opening 1420 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 1418. In some embodiments, opening 1420 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 1418. In some embodiments, opening 1420 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 1418.
In some embodiments, front housing 1518 and rear housing 1540 are thermoformed from opaque sheet plastic, creating a clean and aesthetically pleasing shape while maintaining low cost and disposability. Alternatively, other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp may also be used. In some embodiments, front housing 1518 and rear housing 1540 are constructed by injection molding or by other suitable manufacturing techniques. As shown, divider 1534 has a rear surface 1552, and may be substantially planar, and may be configured to be parallel to, or at an angle to, the primary direction (not shown) of the light produced by LED 1524. In some embodiments, divider 1534 may be formed into a convex, concave or saddle-shaped contour (not shown), or a combination of contours to optimize the even distribution of light. In some embodiments, divider 1534 may have ribs or other features (not shown) that increase adhesive surface area and create regions of light/dark contrast, which are highly visible to a wide variety of insects and may be more attractive to them.
In some embodiments, front housing 1518 is coated with transparent, translucent or opaque adhesive (not shown) on its inside surface to provide additional insect trapping efficiency and capacity. In addition, front housing 1518 may also have a reflective coating (not shown) underneath the adhesive coating on its inside surface to enhance its attraction to insects and further improve the insect trapping efficiency and effectiveness. In some embodiments, front housing 1518, divider 1534 and rear housing 1540 are joined together at where they intersect or engage by ultrasonic welding or high frequency (HF) welding, although they may also be permanently or removably joined together by gluing or by any other suitable assembly method. The materials of trap portion 1514 (e.g., front housing 1518, rear housing 1540, divider 1534 and adhesive 1536) may also be impregnated with one or more insect attractants. Divider 1534 separates trap portion 1514 into a front enclosure 1546 and a rear enclosure 1548.
In some embodiments, base portion 1512 includes a circuit board 1550 having a programmable processor or chip (not shown) for executing commands, electrically connected to conductive prongs 1522 (only one of which is shown) and LED 1524. For clarity, however, not all of the electrical connections are shown. Circuit board 1550 may include electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current from conductive prongs 1522 and provide power to illuminate LED 1524. Circuit board 1550 may include an energy stabilizer such as a full wave rectifier circuit or any other circuit that provides steady voltage to LED 1524, although it may also provide a varying voltage to LED 1524 to provide a flickering light that mimics movement that some insect species, including mosquitoes, may find attractive. For example, light flickering frequencies in the approximate range of 0.05 Hz (e.g., to mimic the breathing rate of large mammals) to 250 Hz (e.g., the highest flicker frequency to attract male houseflies), may be desirable and the lighting element may be configured to flicker within this range. Circuit board 1550 may provide power to LED 1524 to provide UV and/or visible and/or IR light although it may be configured to provide power to only UV LED 1524 or to only visible light LED 1524 or to only IR LED 1524, or to provide variable power to produce combinations of flickering UV and/or visible and/or IR light. Circuit board 1550 may also be configured to drive a transmitter or transceiver such as a piezoelectric speaker (not shown) or other device that may be mounted in base portion 1512 to emit an insect-attracting sound. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect sounds or vibrations to better attract insects such as mosquitoes, midges, moths and flies, and may include one or more of insect call, reply, courtship and copulatory songs. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect-attracting sounds or vibrations such as the heartbeat of a mammal. For example, the transmitter or transceiver may emit an insect-attracting sound or sounds having a frequency in the range of approximately 0.5 Hz (e.g., the heart rate of large mammals) to approximately 240 kHz (e.g., the highest frequency detectable by insects). In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 5 Hz to 100 kHz. In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 35 Hz to 50 Khz. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be detectable by an insect within approximately a 2-meter distance from insect trap 1510. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be undetectable by a human beyond approximately a 1-meter distance from insect trap 1510. Circuit board 1550 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 1512 and into trap portion 1514, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, one or more of LED 1524 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. Alternatively, one or more of LED 1524 may be replaced or augmented by one or more incandescent light bulbs to generate both heat and light. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 1514 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals. The addition of heat may also enhance the release of insect-attracting substances, including water vapor and carbon dioxide. In some embodiments, heat alone or heat and scent alone are used as attractants, and light sources are not used in insect trap 1510.
As shown, slot 1530 in top surface 1526 of base portion 1512 and rim or protrusions 1532 on top surface 1526 of base portion 1512 engage with trap portion 1514 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that may allow trap portion 1514 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 1512. A bottom surface 1574 of the base portion 1512 may be substantially flat or concave to allow the insect trap 1510 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when the insect trap 1510 is unplugged. Alternatively, the bottom surface 1574 of the base portion 1512 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow the insect trap 1510 to sit upright when the insect trap 1510 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 1510, conductive prongs 1522 (only one of which is shown) are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and removable tab 1554 (not shown) is pulled from trap portion 1514 and removed, thereby breaking the seal between cup 1556 and removable tab 1554 and exposing carrier material 1566 and insect-attracting substance or substances to the air and releasing an insect-attracting scent or scents into trap portion 1514 and into the surrounding area where insect trap 1510 is installed. Cup 1556, carrier material 1566 and the insect-attracting substance or substances may be configured to release an insect-attracting scent or scents for a predetermined amount of time to correspond with the expected useful life of trap portion 1514, which may be e.g., a week, a month or three months. Alternatively, cup 1556, carrier material 1566 and the insect-attracting substance or substances may be configured to preferentially release one insect-attracting scent or group of scents earlier in the useful life of trap portion 1514 and another insect-attracting scent or group of scents later in the useful life of trap portion 1514 to attract more insects or a wider variety of insects with a changing scent, or to provide a stronger scent later in the useful life of trap portion 1514, to compensate for the reduced light emitted from trap portion 1514 when many insects are caught in adhesive 1536. Alternatively, cup 1556 and carrier material 1566 may be configured to release additional scents that may mask the insect-attracting scent or scents or mask or eliminate components of the insect-attracting scent or scents that humans may find objectionable, or that children or non-intended animals (e.g., pets) may find attractive, without substantially reducing their attractiveness to insects. LED 1524 emits light, represented by arrows, which transmits through window 1528 in base portion 1512, through opening 1544 in rear housing 1540 of trap portion 1514, into rear enclosure 1548, and directly onto inside surface 1542 of rear housing 1540 and rear surface 1552 of divider 1534. Because the light from LED 1524 enters rear enclosure 1548 through opening 1544 in a bottom face of rear housing 1540 (e.g., in a face that is substantially parallel to the overall depth of trap portion 1514), the light can travel the entire length of rear enclosure 1548 and can diverge over the entire length of rear enclosure 1548, and therefore can be more evenly distributed throughout rear enclosure 1548. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 1512 and is emitted directly into trap portion 1514. Inside surface 1542 of rear housing 1540 may include a concave shape and may be configured to reflect and disperse the UV and visible light from LED 1524 to distribute the light evenly onto rear surface 1552 of divider 1534, although inside surface 1542 of rear housing 1540 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features (not shown) to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens (not shown) or any other lens or combination of lenses configured to distribute the light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto rear surface 1552 of divider 1534, may be mounted to rear housing 1540 at or near opening 1544 or to base portion 1512 at or near window 1528, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 1542 of rear housing 1540. In some embodiments, the light from LED 1524 may directly strike rear surface 1552 of divider 1534 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and be spread across divider 1534, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 1542 of rear housing 1540 or of the lens or lenses mounted to rear housing 1540.
Thereafter, light transmits through divider 1534 and adhesive 1536 on front surface 1538, and into front enclosure 1546. Light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of divider 1534, adhesive 1536 on front surface 1538, or both. A portion of the light entering front enclosure 1546 continues through opening 1520 in front housing 1518 and is emitted into the surrounding area where insect trap 1510 is installed. Insects are attracted to the light emitted through adhesive 1536 and through opening 1520 in front housing 1518. Insects are also attracted to the scents and/or pheromones released from carrier material 1566 in cup 1556. In addition, heat generated by circuit board 1550 may warm carrier material 1566, and may thereby increase the release of insect-attracting scents and/or pheromones. Insects fly or crawl into opening 1520 and onto adhesive 1536, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 1520 in front housing 1518. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 1514 without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 1514, and replace it with a new trap portion 1514. The new trap portion 1514 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces and light-directing surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 1510 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 1514 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 1512, insect trap 1510 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 1510 is configured such that when insect trap 1510 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 1510 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 1510 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 1514. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 1514. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 1542, divider 1534 and adhesive 1536). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 1536. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 1536 or within trap portion 1514, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
Insect trap 1510 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 1514 that may be removably mounted to base portion 1512, each trap portion 1514 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying or non-flying insect. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 1514, the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 1520 in front housing 1518 of trap portion 1514, and the scent or scents impregnated in carrier material 1566, front housing 1518, divider 1534, adhesive 1536 or rear housing 1540, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying insect.
For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 1514 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1514 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1514 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 1512 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1512 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1512 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 1520 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 1520 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 1520 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 1520 is circular, opening 1520 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1520 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1520 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 1520 is slot shaped, opening 1520 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1520 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1520 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 1520 covers all or a portion of front housing 1518. For example, opening 1520 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 1518. In some embodiments, opening 1520 covers 5 approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 1518. In some embodiments, opening 1520 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 1518.
It should be appreciated that a variety of configurations to store and deliver insect-attracting substances are contemplated.
Other configurations are contemplated that provide a visual cue indicating that the insect-attracting substances are depleted.
In use, as the insect attracting substances (not shown) evaporate from carrier material 1566B, the electrical resistance of carrier material 1566B changes. Circuit board 1550B is configured to monitor the electrical resistance across electrodes 1582B. In some embodiments, circuit board 1550B is configured to measure the resistance across electrodes 1582B by maintaining a constant voltage across electrodes 1582B and measuring the resulting current across electrodes 1582B. In some embodiments, circuit board 1550B is configured to measure the resistance across electrodes 1582B by maintaining a constant current across electrodes 1582B and measuring the resulting voltage across electrodes 1582B. In some embodiments, circuit board 1550B is configured to signal that the insect-attracting substances are depleted by causing LED 1524B to flash on and off when the resistance across electrodes 1582B exceeds or drops below a threshold value. Alternatively, circuit board 1550B may be configured to cause LED 1524B to flash on and off when the rate of change in resistance (e.g., the change in resistance over an established period of time) across electrodes 1582B exceeds or drops below a threshold value. Alternatively, circuit board 1550B may be configured to cause LED 1524B to flash on and off when the resistance across electrodes 1582B increases by a threshold value above, or decreases by a threshold value below the resistance measured when trap portion 1514B was mounted to base portion 1512B (e.g., when insect-attracting substances impregnated in carrier material 1566B were fresh). Alternatively, circuit board 1550B may be configured to respond to a changes in or threshold values of capacitance across electrodes 1582B, or changes in or threshold values of impedance across electrodes 1582B, or changes in or threshold values of any other measurable electrical property that is affected by the depletion of insect-attracting substances, or of carrier material 1566B, or of both. Alternatively, circuit board 1550B may be configured to signal that the insect-attracting substances are depleted by causing a speaker (not shown) such as a piezoelectric speaker to create an audible noise such as a beeping sound, or to change the color of the visible light illuminating insect trap 1510B by illuminating a different colored LED 1524B, or by any other configuration or combination of configurations providing a visual and/or audible signal or signals.
In addition, the application of heat can enhance the release of insect-attracting substances.
Trap portion 1514C also includes a plurality of trap contacts 1582C, electrically connected to heating element 1576C and configured to make electrical contact with their corresponding base contacts 1578C in base portion 1512C when trap portion 1514C is removably mounted to base portion 1512C. While two sets of base contacts 1578C and trap contacts 1582C are shown, any suitable number may be used. Circuit board 1550C includes electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current from conductive prongs 1522C, provide power to LEDs 1524C and to base contacts 1578C, which, in turn, provide power to trap contacts 1582C and heating element 1576C when trap portion 1514C is mounted to base portion 1512C. Heating element 1576C produces heat in response to power from circuit board 1550C, which warms cup 1556C and in turn, carrier material 1566C by radiation, conduction, or convection, or any combination thereof. Increasing the temperature of carrier material 1566C may increase the release of insect-attracting substances, and may enable a more complete release of insect-attracting substances. In some embodiments, increasing the temperature of carrier material 1566C may enable the release of some insect-attracting substances that cannot release at ordinary room temperature. In some embodiments, heating element 1576C may also be configured to attract heat-sensing insects such as mosquitos. In some embodiments, heat and scent alone are used as attractants, and light sources are not used in insect trap 1510C.
It should be appreciated that a variety of configurations to store and deliver insect-attracting substances from a removable container are contemplated.
Additional configurations to store and deliver insect-attracting substances, including evaporable liquids, from a removable container are contemplated.
The insect attracting substances released by liquid 1566E at open end 1578E of wick 1554E proceed through opening 1568E in base portion 1512E, and through opening 1572E and opening 1520E in front housing 1518E, and on into the surrounding area where insect trap 1510E is installed.
An added benefit of insect trap 1510E is that scent cartridge 1560E may include a built-in life indicator. In some embodiments, the amount of liquid 1566E remaining in container portion 1556E may be visible to the user. In some embodiments, liquid 1566E may be tinted or colored to enhance its visibility in container portion 1556E. In some embodiments, a marking or markings (not shown) on container portion 1556E may indicate the level of liquid 1566E when liquid 1566E is partially and/or fully depleted, thereby providing a visual cue indicating that trap portion 1514E should be removed and replaced with a fresh trap portion 1514E.
It should be appreciated that the configuration of insect trap 1510E may be adapted to store and deliver two or more insect-attracting substances.
Insect trap 1510F may provide a number of advantages. In some embodiments, a combination of insect attracting substances that cannot be formulated into a single liquid may be delivered. In some embodiments, a combination of insect-attracting substances that require heating to different temperatures may be delivered. In some embodiments, different insect-attracting substances may be delivered at daytime and nighttime, to better attract and trap different types of insects that are more active during the day or during the night. In some embodiments, one substance delivered may be an insect attractant with an unpleasant odor to humans, while another substance delivered separately may neutralize the unpleasant odor without diminishing the effectiveness of the insect attractant. In some embodiments, delivery of different insect attractants is alternated over time to better attract insects that may respond to changing attractants. In some embodiments, one or more of substances delivered may be pleasant to humans, such as natural scents or nature-inspired scents.
In some embodiments, front housing 1618 and rear housing 1640 are thermoformed from opaque sheet plastic, creating a clean and aesthetically pleasing shape while maintaining low cost and disposability. Alternatively, other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp may also be used. In some embodiments, front housing 1618 and rear housing 1640 are constructed by injection molding or by other suitable manufacturing techniques. As shown, divider 1634 may be substantially planar, and may be configured to be parallel to, or at an angle to the primary direction of the light (not shown) produced by LEDs 1624. Alternatively, divider 1634 may be formed into a convex, concave or saddle-shaped contour (not shown), or a combination of contours to optimize the even distribution of light. In some embodiments, divider 1634 has ribs or other features (not shown) that increase adhesive surface area and create regions of light/dark contrast, which are highly visible to a wide variety of insects and may be more attractive to them.
In some embodiments, front housing 1618 is coated with transparent, translucent or opaque adhesive (not shown) on an inside surface to provide additional insect trapping efficiency and capacity. In addition, front housing 1618 may also have a reflective coating (not shown) underneath the adhesive coating on its inside surface to enhance its attraction to insects and further improve the insect trapping efficiency and effectiveness.
In some embodiments, front housing 1618, divider 1634 and rear housing 1640 are joined together where they intersect or engage with an adhesive, although they may also be joined by other commonly used packaging assembly techniques such as ultrasonic welding or RF scaling, or any other suitable assembly method. As shown, divider 1634 separates the trap portion 1614 into a front enclosure 1646 and a rear enclosure 1648.
In some embodiments, base portion 1612 includes a circuit board 1650 having a programmable processor or chip (not shown) for executing commands, electrically connected to conductive prongs 1622, only one of which is shown, and LEDs 1624. For clarity, however, not all of the electrical connections are shown. Circuit board 1650 may include electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current from conductive prongs 1622 and provide power to illuminate LEDs 1624. Circuit board 1650 may include an energy stabilizer such as a full wave rectifier circuit or any other circuit that provides steady voltage to LEDs 1624, although it may also provide a varying voltage to LEDs 1624 to provide a flickering light, which mimics movement that some insect species, including mosquitoes, may find attractive. For example, light flickering frequencies in the approximate range of 0.05 Hz (e.g., to mimic the breathing rate of large mammals) to 250 Hz (e.g., the highest flicker frequency to attract male houseflies), may be desirable and the lighting element may be configured to flicker within this range. Circuit board 1650 may provide power to LEDs 1624 to provide UV and/or visible and/or IR light, although it may be configured to provide power to only UV LEDs 1624 or to only visible light LEDs 1624 or to only IR light LEDs 1624, or to provide variable power to produce combinations of flickering UV and/or visible and/or IR light. Circuit board 1650 may also be configured to drive actuator 1656, mounted in opening 1654 in base portion 1612, to emit an insect-attracting sound. In some embodiments, actuator 1656 emits recorded and/or generated insect sounds or vibrations to better attract insects such as mosquitoes, midges, moths and flies, and may include one or more of insect call, reply, courtship and copulatory songs. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect-attracting sounds or vibrations such as the heartbeat of a mammal. For example, the transmitter or transceiver may emit an insect-attracting sound or sounds having a frequency in the range of approximately 0.5 Hz (e.g., the heart rate of large mammals) to 240 kHz (e.g., the highest frequency detectable by insects). In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 5 Hz to 100 KHz. In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 35 Hz to 50 Khz. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be detectable by an insect within approximately a 2-meter distance from insect trap 1610. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be undetectable by a human beyond approximately a 1-meter distance from insect trap 1610. Circuit board 1650 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 1612 and into trap portion 1614, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 1624 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 1624 may be replaced or augmented by one or more incandescent light bulbs to generate both heat and light. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 1614 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals.
As shown, slot 1630 in top surface 1626 of base portion 1612 and rim or protrusions 1632 on top surface 1626 of base portion 1612 engage with trap portion 1614 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that may allow trap portion 1614 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 1612. Bottom surface 1616 of base portion 1612 may be substantially flat or concave to allow insect trap 1610 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when insect trap 1610 is unplugged. Alternatively, bottom surface 1616 of base portion 1612 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow insect trap 1610 to sit upright when insect trap 1610 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 1610, conductive prongs 1622, only one of which is shown, are inserted into a wall electrical socket. Circuit board 1650 provides power to LEDs 1624 and to actuator 1656. LEDs 1624 emit light, represented by arrows, which transmits through window 1628 in base portion 1612, through opening 1644 in rear housing 1640 of trap portion 1614, into rear enclosure 1648, and directly onto inside surface 1642 of rear housing 1640 and onto a rear surface 1658 of divider 1634. Because the light from LEDs 1624 enters rear enclosure 1648 through opening 1644 in a bottom face of rear housing 1640 (e.g., in a face that is substantially parallel to the overall depth of trap portion 1614), the light can travel the entire length of rear enclosure 1648 and can diverge over the entire length of rear enclosure 1648, and therefore can be more evenly distributed throughout rear enclosure 1648. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 1612 and is emitted directly into trap portion 1614. Inside surface 1642 of rear housing 1640 may include a concave shape and may be configured to reflect and disperse the light from LEDs 1624 to further distribute the light evenly onto rear surface 1658 of divider 1634, although inside surface 1642 of rear housing 1640 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features (not shown) to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens (not shown) or any other lens or combination of lenses configured to distribute the UV and visible light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto rear surface 1658 of divider 1634, may be mounted to rear housing 1640 at or near opening 1644 or to base portion 1612 at or near window 1628, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 1642 of rear housing 1640. In some embodiments, the light from LEDs 1624 may directly strike rear surface 1658 of divider 1634 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and be spread across divider 1634, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 1642 of rear housing 1640 or of the lens or lenses mounted to rear housing 1640.
Thereafter, light transmits through divider 1634 and adhesive 1636 on front surface 1638, and into front enclosure 1646. Light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of divider 1634, adhesive 1636, or both. A portion of the light entering front enclosure 1646 continues through opening 1620 in front housing 1618 and is emitted into the surrounding area where insect trap 1610 is installed. Actuator 1656 produces insect-attracting vibrations which travel through front housing 1618 of trap portion 1614, into front enclosure 1646 of trap portion 1614, and out through opening 1620 of trap portion 1614. In addition, actuator 1656 may induce front housing 1618 of trap portion 1614 to vibrate and project insect-attracting sounds or vibrations into the room. Insects are attracted to the light transmitted through adhesive 1636 and through opening 1620 in front housing 1618. Insects are also attracted to the sounds or vibrations produced by actuator 1656 in base portion 1612 and traveling through front housing 1618 in trap portion 1614. Insects fly or crawl into opening 1620 and onto adhesive 1636, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 1620 in front housing 1618. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 1614 without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 1614, and replace it with a new trap portion 1614. New trap portion 1614 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces and light-directing surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 1610 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 1614 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 1612, insect trap 1610 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 1610 is configured such that when insect trap 1610 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 1610 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 1610 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 1614. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 1614. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 1642, divider 1634 and adhesive 1636). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 1636. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 1636 or within trap portion 1614, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
Insect trap 1610 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 1614 that may be removably mounted to base portion 1612, each trap portion 1614 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying or non-flying insect. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 1614, the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 1620 in front housing 1618 of trap portion 1614, and the natural frequency and sound amplifying properties of trap portion 1614 may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying or non-flying insect. For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 1614 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1614 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1614 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 1612 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1612 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1612 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 1620 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 120 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 1620 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 1620 is circular, opening 1620 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1620 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1620 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 1620 is slot shaped, opening 1620 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1620 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1620 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 1620 covers all or a portion of front housing 1618. For example, opening 1620 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 1618. In some embodiments, opening 1620 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 1618. In some embodiments, opening 1620 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 1618.
Protruding from a rear surface 1768 of base portion 1712 are a plurality of electrically conductive prongs 1722, adapted to mount insect trap 1710 to a wall and provide power to insect trap 1710 by inserting conductive prongs 1722 into a standard household electrical wall socket. Alternatively, conductive prongs 1722 may be adapted to swivel to allow insect trap 1710 to remain upright when conductive prongs 1722 are inserted into a horizontally oriented electrical wall socket. Alternatively, base portion 1712 may be configured to sit or hang wherever desired and receive power from batteries (not shown) mounted in base portion 1712. While an electrical socket and batteries have been described as providing power to insect trap 1710, any suitable power source may be used. Base portion 1712 includes a lighting element such as one or more LEDs 1724. In some embodiments, LEDs 1724 include at least one that emits UV light and at least one that emits visible light. In some embodiments, LEDs 1724 include at least one that emits UV light and at least one that emits blue light to better attract a wide variety of insect species. In some embodiments, the lighting element emits a combination of wavelengths to mimic sunlight. In some embodiments, LEDs 1724 include at least one that emits infrared (IR) to better attract certain species of insects including mosquitos. A top surface 1726 of base portion 1712 includes an opening 1766, which may be covered by a transparent or translucent window 1728, shown partially cut away to reveal LEDs 1724. Window 1728 protects LEDs 1724 from dust and insect debris, and allows base portion 1712 to be easily cleaned. Mounted in one or more additional openings 1758 in top surface 1726 of base portion 1712 are a plurality of electrical base contacts 1760. While two base contacts 1760 are shown, any suitable number may be used. In top surface 1726 may be a slot 1730, and on the perimeter of top surface 1726 is a rim or upwardly directed protrusions 1732.
In some embodiments, front housing 1718 and rear housing 1740 are thermoformed from opaque sheet plastic, creating a clean and aesthetically pleasing shape while maintaining low cost and disposability. Alternatively, other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp may also be used. In some embodiments, front housing 1718 and rear housing 1740 are constructed by injection molding or by other suitable manufacturing techniques. As shown, divider 1734 is substantially planar, and may be configured to be parallel to, or at an angle to the primary direction of the light produced by LEDs 1724. In some embodiments, divider 1734 may be formed into a convex, concave or saddle-shaped contour, or a combination of contours to optimize the even distribution of light. In some embodiments, divider 1734 may have ribs or other features (not shown) that increase adhesive surface area and create regions of light/dark contrast, which are highly visible to a wide variety of insects and may be more attractive to them.
In some embodiments, front housing 1718 may also be coated with transparent, translucent or opaque adhesive on its inside surface to provide additional insect trapping efficiency and capacity. In addition, front housing 1718 may also have a reflective coating (not shown) underneath the adhesive coating on its inside surface to enhance its attraction to insects and further improve the insect trapping efficiency and effectiveness. In some embodiments, front housing 1718, divider 1734 and rear housing 1740 are joined together at where they intersect or engage by ultrasonic welding or high frequency (HF) welding, although they may also be permanently or removably joined together by gluing or by any other suitable assembly method. The materials of trap portion 1714 may also include one or more insect attractants. For example, trap portion 1714 may be impregnated with sorbitol, coleopteran attractants including brevicomin, dominicalure, frontalin, grandlure, ipsdienol, ipsenol, japonilure, lineatin, megatomoic acid, multistriatin, oryctalure, sulcatol, and trune-call, dipteran attractants including ceralure, cue-lure, latilure, medlure, moguchun, muscalure, and trimedlure, homopteran attractants including rescalure, lepidopteran attractants such as disparlure, straight chain lepidopteran pheromones including codlelure, gossyplure, hexalure, litlure, looplure, orfralure, and ostramone, and other insect attractants such as eugenol, methyl eugenol, and siglure, or other substances to provide a scent that further increases the insect-attracting efficiency of insect trap 1710. In such embodiments, the insect attractant is integral to trap portion 1714. Alternatively, the insect attractants may be embedded or contained in a separate piece (not shown) that mounts on an inside surface of front housing 1718 or through opening 1720 in front housing 1718 or on front surface 1716 of front housing 1718 or on front surface 1738 of divider 1734. Alternatively, water may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances, as water vapor is a known mosquito attractant. Alternatively, other insect attractants such sugar solution, molasses, or honey may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. Alternatively, a combination of live yeast, sugar, and water, which can produce mosquito-attracting carbon dioxide, may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances.
It is desirable for such attractants to be detectable by an insect for approximately a 2-meter radius from insect trap 1710. Divider 1734 separates trap portion 1714 into a front enclosure 1746 and a rear enclosure 1748. Rear housing 1740 includes a plurality of electrical trap contacts 1762 (only one of which is shown) that correspond to base contacts 1760 in base portion 1712. Trap contacts 1762 are electrically connected to trap wires 1756 and are configured to create an electrical contact with base contacts 1760 (only one of which is shown), when trap portion 1714 is mounted to base portion 1712. In some embodiments, base portion 1712 includes a circuit board 1750, having a programmable processor or chip (not shown) for executing commands, electrically connected to conductive prongs 1722 (only one of which is shown), LEDs 1724 (only one of which is shown), and a plurality of electric base wires 1764 (only one of which is shown), that correspond to base contacts 1760. Circuit board 1750 may be electrically connected to conductive prongs 1722 (only one of which is shown), LEDs 1724 (only one of which is shown), and base wires 1764, which, in turn, may be electrically connected to their corresponding base contacts 1760. Accordingly, actuator 1754, mounted on rear surface 1752 of divider 1734, may be electrically connected to circuit board 1750 when trap portion 1714 is mounted to base portion 1712. For clarity, however, not all of the electrical connections are shown. Circuit board 1750 may include electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current from conductive prongs 1722 and provide power to illuminate LEDs 1724. Circuit board 1750 may include an energy stabilizer such as a full wave rectifier circuit or any other circuit that provides steady voltage to LEDs 1724, although it may also provide a varying voltage to LEDs 1724 to provide a flickering light that mimics movement that some insect species, including mosquitoes, may find attractive. For example, light flickering frequencies in the approximate range of 0.05 Hz (e.g., to mimic the breathing rate of large mammals) to 250 Hz (e.g., the highest flicker frequency to attract male houseflies), may be desirable and the lighting element may be configured to flicker within this range. Circuit board 1750 may provide power to LEDs 1724 to provide both UV and visible light, although it may be configured to provide power to only UV LEDs 1724 or to only visible light LEDs 1724, or to only IR LEDs 1724, or to provide variable power to produce combinations of flickering UV and/or visible and/or IR light. Circuit board 1750 may also be configured to power actuator 1754 to emit an insect-attracting sound. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect sounds or vibrations to better attract insects such as mosquitoes, midges, moths and flies, and may include one or more of insect call, reply, courtship and copulatory songs. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect-attracting sounds or vibrations such as the heartbeat of a mammal. For example, the transmitter or transceiver may emit an insect-attracting sound or sounds having a frequency in the range of approximately 0.5 Hz (e.g., the heart rate of large mammals) to approximately 240 kHz (e.g., the highest frequency detectable by insects). In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 5 Hz to 100 KHz. In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 35 Hz to 50 Khz. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be detectable by an insect within approximately a 2-meter distance from insect trap 1710. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be undetectable by a human beyond approximately a 1-meter distance from insect trap 1710. Circuit board 1750 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 1712 and into trap portion 1714, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 1724 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 1724 may be replaced or augmented by one or more incandescent light bulbs to generate both heat and light. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 1714 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals. The addition of heat may also enhance the release of insect-attracting substances, including water vapor and carbon dioxide.
As shown, slot 1730 in top surface 1726 of base portion 1712 and rim or protrusions 1732 on top surface 1726 of base portion 1712 engage with trap portion 1714 to secure it in place during usc, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that allows trap portion 1714 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 1712. A bottom surface 1770 of base portion 1712 may be substantially flat to allow insect trap 1710 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when insect trap 1710 is unplugged. Alternatively, bottom surface 1770 of base portion 1712 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow insect trap 1710 to sit upright when insect trap 1710 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 1710, conductive prongs 1722 are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and circuit board 1750 provides power to LEDs 1724 and to actuator 1754. LEDs 1724 emit light, represented by arrows, which transmits through window 1728 in base portion 1712, through opening 1744 in rear housing 1740 of trap portion 1714, into rear enclosure 1748, and directly onto inside surface 1742 of rear housing 1740 and rear surface 1752 of divider 1734. Because the light from LEDs 1724 enters rear enclosure 1748 through opening 1744 in a bottom face of rear housing 1740 (e.g., in a face that is substantially parallel to the overall depth of trap portion 1714), the light can travel the entire length of rear enclosure 1748 and can diverge over the entire length of rear enclosure 1748, and therefore can be more evenly distributed throughout rear enclosure 1748. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 1712 and is emitted directly into trap portion 1714. Inside surface 1742 of rear housing 1740 may include a concave shape and may be configured to light from LEDs 1724 to distribute the light evenly onto rear surface 1752 of divider 1734, although the shape of inside surface 1742 of rear housing 1740 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features (not shown) to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens or any other lens or combination of lenses (not shown) configured to distribute the light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto rear surface 1752 of divider 1734, may be mounted to rear housing 1740 at or near opening 1744 or to base portion 1712 at or near opening 1766, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 1742 of rear housing 1740. In some embodiments, the light from LEDs 1724 may directly strike rear surface 1752 of divider 1734 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and be spread across divider 1734, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 1742 of rear housing 1740 or of the lens or lenses mounted to rear housing 1740.
Thereafter, light transmits through divider 1734 and adhesive 1736 on front surface 1738, and into front enclosure 1746. The light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of divider 1734, adhesive 1736 on front surface 1738, or both. A portion of the light entering front enclosure 1746 continues through opening 1720 in front housing 1718 and emits into the surrounding area where the trap is installed. Actuator 1754 produces insect-attracting vibrations which are amplified by divider 1734, and transmit through front enclosure 1746 of trap portion 1714, and out through opening 1720 of trap portion 1714. Insects are attracted to the light transmitted through adhesive 1736 and through opening 1720 in front housing 1718. Insects are also attracted to the insect-attracting vibrations produced by actuator 1754. Insects fly or crawl into opening 1720 and onto adhesive 1736, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 1720 in front housing 1718. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 1714 without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 1714, and replace it with a new trap portion 1714. New trap portion 1714 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces and light-directing surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 1710 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 1714 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 1712, insect trap 1710 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 1710 is configured such that when insect trap 1710 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 1710 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 1710 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 1714. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 1714. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 1742, divider 1734 and adhesive 1736). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 1736. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 1736 or within trap portion 1714, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
Insect trap 1710 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 1714 that may be removably mounted to base portion 1712, each trap portion 1714 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying insect. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 1714, the size, shape, location and orientation of openings 1720 in front housing 1718 of trap portion 1714, the vibration-producing properties of actuator 1754, and the natural frequency and sound amplifying properties of trap portion 1714 may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying insect.
For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 1714 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1714 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1714 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 1712 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1712 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1712 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 1720 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 1720 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape.
Alternatively, opening 1720 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 1720 is circular, opening 1720 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1720 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1720 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 1720 is slot shaped, opening 1720 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1720 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1720 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 1720 covers all or a portion of front housing 1718. For example, opening 1720 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 1718. In some embodiments, opening 1720 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 1718. In some embodiments, opening 1720 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 1718.
Rear housing 1740A may include an opening 1744A on its bottom surface, or alternatively opening 1744A may be replaced by a transparent or translucent window (not shown). Protruding from a rear surface 1768A of base portion 1712A are a plurality of electrically conductive prongs 1722A, adapted to mount insect trap 1710A to a wall and provide power to insect trap 1710A by inserting conductive prongs 1722A into a standard household electrical wall socket. Base portion 1712A includes a lighting element such as one or more LEDs 1724A. A top surface 1726A of base portion 1712A includes an opening 1766A. Mounted in one or more additional openings 1758A in top surface 1726A of base portion 1712A are a plurality of electrical base contacts 1760A. While two base contacts 1760A are shown, any suitable number may be used.
In the operation of insect trap 1710A, conductive prongs 1722A are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and circuit board 1750A provides power to LEDs 1724A and to heating wires 1754A. Heating wires 1754A generate heat and warm divider 1734A, which, in turn, warms adhesive. In some embodiments, circuit board 1750F is configured to monitor the current through heating wires 1754A and respond to temperature-related changes in resistance by increasing or decreasing voltage through heating wires 1754A, thereby warming adhesive to a steady, uniform temperature. LEDs 1724A emit light, which transmits through opening 1766A in base portion 1712A, through opening 1744A in rear housing 1740A of trap portion 1714A, into rear enclosure 1748A, and directly onto inside surface 1742A of rear housing 1740A and rear surface of divider 1734A. Thereafter, light transmits through divider 1734A and adhesive on front surface 1738A, and into front enclosure 1746A. Heating wires 1754A are sufficiently thin to obstruct only a small fraction of the light transmitting through adhesive. A portion of the light entering front enclosure 1746A continues through opening 1720A in front housing 1718A and emits into the surrounding area where the trap is installed. Insects are attracted to the light and heat transmitted through adhesive and through opening 1720A in front housing 1718A. Insects fly or crawl into opening 1720A and onto adhesive 1736A, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 1720A in front housing 1718A. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 1714A without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 1714A, and replace it with a new trap portion 1714A. New trap portion 1714A has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces and light-directing surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 1710A will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, base portion 1912 may have a substantially flat or concave surface (not shown) or one or more protrusions (not shown) on its bottom surface to enable insect trap 1910 to remain upright when insect trap 1910 placed on a flat, horizontal surface such as the floor or on a shelf for storage. Protruding from a rear surface 1962 (shown in
Although a snap fit may be preferred, other features or combinations of features may be contemplated to securely but removably attach trap portion 1914 to base portion 1912.
To mount trap portion 1914B on base portion 1912B, side flanges 1966B near bottom surface 1964B of trap portion 1914B are aligned with channels 1974B at distal ends 1970B of side rails 1968B on base portion 1912B, then trap portion 1914B is released, allowing trap portion 1914B to slide down side rails 1968B until bottom surface 1964B of trap portion 1914B contacts top surface 1926B of base portion 1912B. To remove trap portion 1914B from base portion 1912B, trap portion 1914B is lifted upward, allowing trap portion 1914B to slide up side rails 1968B until side flanges 1966B disengage with channels 1974B. Accordingly, removing and replacing trap portion 1914B is simple and intuitive.
Other configurations are contemplated to securely but removably attach trap portion 1914B to base portion 1912B. In some embodiments, a magnet or magnets (not shown) in base portion 1912B may attract a ferrous metal component or components (not shown) in trap portion 1914B to securely but removably attach trap portion 1914B to base portion 1912B. In some embodiments, an electromagnet or electromagnets (not shown) in base portion 1912B may replace the role of magnet or magnets.
Returning now to insect trap 1910,
In some embodiments, front housing 1918 and rear housing 1940 are thermoformed from opaque sheet plastic, creating a clean and aesthetically pleasing shape while maintaining low cost and disposability. Alternatively, other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp may also be used. In some embodiments, front housing 1918 and rear housing 1940 are constructed by injection molding or by other suitable manufacturing techniques. As shown, divider 1934 is substantially planar, and may be configured to be parallel to, or at an angle 1952 to primary direction 1954 of the light produced by LEDs 1924. Angle 1952 may preferably be an acute angle to assist in distributing the light evenly over divider 1934, and may preferably be from 0° to 45°. In some embodiments, divider 1934 may be formed into a convex, concave or saddle-shaped contour, or a combination of contours to optimize the even distribution of light. In some embodiments, divider 1934 may have ribs or other features (not shown) that increase adhesive surface area and create regions of light/dark contrast, which are highly visible to a wide variety of insects and may be more attractive to them.
In some embodiments, front housing 1918 may also be coated with transparent, translucent or opaque adhesive (not shown) on its inside surface to provide additional insect trapping efficiency and capacity. In addition, front housing 1918 may also have a reflective coating (not shown) underneath the adhesive coating on its inside surface to enhance its attraction to insects and further improve the insect trapping efficiency and effectiveness.
In some embodiments, front housing 1918, divider 1934 and rear housing 1940 are joined together where they intersect or engage by ultrasonic welding or high frequency (HF) welding, although they may also be permanently or removably joined together by gluing or any other suitable assembly method. The materials of trap portion 1914 may also include one or more insect attractants. For example, trap portion 1914 may be impregnated with one or more of insect-attracting substances known in the art, including sorbitol, coleopteran attractants including brevicomin, dominicalure, frontalin, grandlure, ipsdienol, ipsenol, japonilure, lineatin, megatomoic acid, multistriatin, oryctalure, sulcatol, and trune-call, dipteran attractants including ceralure, cuc-lure, latilure, medlure, moguchun, muscalure, and trimedlure, homopteran attractants including rescalure, lepidopteran attractants such as disparlure, straight chain lepidopteran pheromones including codlelure, gossyplure, hexalure, litlure, looplure, orfralure, and ostramone, and other insect attractants such as eugenol, methyl eugenol, and siglure, or other substances to provide a scent that may further increase the insect-attracting efficiency of insect trap 1910. In such embodiments, the insect attractant is integral to trap portion 1914. Alternatively, the insect attractants may be embedded or contained in a separate piece (not shown) that mounts on an inside surface of front housing 1918 or through an opening in front housing 1918 or on front surface 1916 of front housing 1918 or on front surface 1938 of divider 1934. Alternatively, water may be embedded or contained in the separate piece or container in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances, as water vapor is a known mosquito attractant. Alternatively, other insect attractants such sugar solution, molasses, or honey may be embedded or contained in the separate piece or container in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. Alternatively, a combination of live yeast, sugar, and water, which can produce mosquito-attracting carbon dioxide, may be embedded or contained in the separate piece or container in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. It is desirable for such attractants to be detectable by an insect for approximately a 2-meter radius from insect trap 1910. Divider 1934 separates trap portion 1914 into a front enclosure 1946 and a rear enclosure 1948. In some embodiments, base portion 1912 includes a circuit board 1950 having a programmable processor or chip (not shown) for executing commands, electrically connected to conductive prongs 1922, only one of which is shown, and LEDs 1924, only one of which is shown. For clarity, however, not all of the electrical connections are shown. Circuit board 1950 may include electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current from conductive prongs 1922 and provide power to illuminate LEDs 1924. Circuit board 1950 may include an energy stabilizer such as a full wave rectifier circuit or any other circuit that provides steady voltage to LEDs 1924, although it may also provide a varying voltage to LEDs 1924 to provide a flickering light that mimics movement that some insect species, including mosquitoes, may find attractive. For example, light flickering frequencies in the approximate range of 0.05 Hz (e.g., to mimic the breathing rate of large mammals) to 250 Hz (e.g., the highest flicker frequency to attract male houseflies), may be desirable and the lighting element may be configured to flicker within this range. Circuit board 1950 may provide power to LEDs 1924 to provide UV and/or visible and/or IR light, although it may be configured to provide power to only UV LEDs 1924 or to only visible light LEDs 1924 or to only IR LEDs 1924, or to provide variable power to produce combinations of flickering UV and/or visible and/or IR light. Circuit board 1950 may also be configured to drive a transmitter or transceiver such as a piezoelectric speaker (not shown) or other device that may be mounted in base portion 1912 to emit an insect-attracting sound. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect sounds or vibrations to better attract insects such as mosquitoes, midges, moths and flies, and may include one or more of insect call, reply, courtship and copulatory songs. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect-attracting sounds or vibrations such as the heartbeat of a mammal. For example, the transmitter or transceiver may emit an insect-attracting sound or sounds having a frequency in the range of approximately 0.5 Hz (e.g., the heart rate of large mammals) to approximately 240 kHz (e.g., the highest frequency detectable by insects). In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 5 Hz to 100 KHz. In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 35 Hz to 50 Khz. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be detectable by an insect within approximately a 2-meter distance from insect trap 1910. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be undetectable by a human beyond approximately a 1-meter distance from insect trap 1910. Circuit board 1950 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 1912 and into trap portion 1914, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 1924 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 1924 may be replaced or augmented by one or more incandescent light bulbs to generate both heat and light. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 1914 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals. The addition of heat may also enhance the release of insect-attracting substances, including water vapor and carbon dioxide.
In the operation of insect trap 1910, conductive prongs 1922 are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and trap portion 1914 is mounted to base portion 1912 by engaging snap recesses 1958 (not shown) of trap portion 1914 with their corresponding snap protrusions 1956 (not shown) on base portion 1912. LEDs 1924 emit light, represented by arrows, which transmit through window 1928 in base portion 1912, through opening 1944 in rear housing 1940 of trap portion 1914, into rear enclosure 1948, and directly onto inside surface 1942 of rear housing 1940 and onto a rear surface 1960 of divider 1934. For clarity, the arrows representing the light are only shown emitted from one of LEDs 1924. Because the light from LEDs 1924 enters rear enclosure 1948 through opening 1944 in a bottom face of rear housing 1940 (e.g., in a face that is substantially parallel to the overall depth of trap portion 1914), the light can travel the entire length of rear enclosure 1948 and can diverge over the entire length of rear enclosure 1948, and therefore can be more evenly distributed throughout rear enclosure 1948. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 1912 and is emitted directly into trap portion 1914. Inside surface 1942 of rear housing 1940 may include a concave shape and may be configured to reflect and disperse the UV and visible light from LEDs 1924 to distribute the light evenly onto rear surface 1960 of divider 1934, although the shape of inside surface 1942 of rear housing 1940 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes (not shown), or may also have ribs or other features to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens (not shown) or any other lens or combination of lenses configured to distribute the UV and visible light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto rear surface 1960 of divider 1934, may be mounted to rear housing 1940 at or near opening 1944 or to base portion 1912 at or near window 1928, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 1942 of rear housing 1940. In some embodiments, the light from LEDs 1924 may directly strike rear surface 1960 of divider 1934 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and may be spread across divider 1934, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 1942 of rear housing 1940 or of the lens or lenses mounted to rear housing 1940.
Thereafter, light transmits through divider 1934 and adhesive 1936 on front surface 1938, and into front enclosure 1946. The light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of divider 1934, adhesive 1936 on front surface 1938, or both. A portion of the light entering front enclosure 1946 continues through opening 1920 in front housing 1918 and into the area where the trap is installed. Insects are attracted to the UV and/or visible light transmitted through adhesive 1936 and through opening 1920 in front housing 1918, and fly or crawl into opening 1920 and onto adhesive 1936, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 1920 in front housing 1918. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 1914 without touching the trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 1914, and replace it with a new trap portion 1914. New trap portion 1914 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces and light-directing surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 1910 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 1914 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 1912, insect trap 1910 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 1910 is configured such that when insect trap 1910 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 1910 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 1910 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 1914. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 1914. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 1942, divider 1934 and adhesive 1936). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 1936. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 1936 or within trap portion 1914, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
Insect trap 1910 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 1914 that may be removably mounted to base portion 1912, each trap portion 1914 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying or non-flying insect. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 1914, and the size, shape, location and orientation of openings 1920 in front housing 1918 of trap portion 1914, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying or non-flying insect.
For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 1914 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1914 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 1914 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 1912 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1912 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 1912 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 1920 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 1920 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 1920 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 1920 is circular, opening 1920 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1920 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 1920 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 1920 is slot shaped, opening 1920 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1920 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 1920 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 1920 covers all or a portion of front housing 1918. For example, opening 1920 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 1918. In some embodiments, opening 1920 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 1918. In some embodiments, opening 1920 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 1918.
In some embodiments, front housing 2018 and rear housing 2040 are thermoformed from opaque sheet plastic, creating a clean and aesthetically pleasing shape while maintaining low cost and disposability. Alternatively, other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp may also be used. In some embodiments, front housing 2018 and rear housing 2040 are constructed by injection molding or by other suitable manufacturing techniques. As shown, divider 2034 is substantially planar, and may be configured to be parallel to, or at an angle to the primary direction of the light (not shown) produced by LEDs 2024. Alternatively, divider 2034 may be formed into a convex, concave or saddle-shaped contour (not shown), or a combination of contours to optimize the even distribution of light. In some embodiments, divider 2034 has ribs or other features (not shown) that increase adhesive surface area and create regions of light/dark contrast, which are highly visible to a wide variety of insects and may be more attractive to them.
In some embodiments, front housing 2018 is coated with transparent, translucent or opaque adhesive (not shown) on its inside surface to provide additional insect trapping efficiency and capacity. In addition, front housing 2018 may also have a reflective coating (not shown) underneath the adhesive coating on its inside surface to enhance its attraction to insects and further improve the insect trapping efficiency and effectiveness.
In some embodiments, front housing 2018, divider 2034 and rear housing 2040 are joined together where they intersect or engage with an adhesive, although they may also be joined by other commonly used packaging assembly techniques such as ultrasonic welding or RF scaling, or any other suitable assembly method. As shown, divider 2034 may separate trap portion 2014 into a front enclosure 2046 and a rear enclosure 2048. In some embodiments, base portion 2012 includes a circuit board 2050 having a programmable processor or chip (not shown) for executing commands, electrically connected to conductive prongs 2022, only one of which is shown, and LEDs 2024. For clarity, however, not all of the electrical connections are shown. Circuit board 2050 may include electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current, for example, from conductive prongs 2022 and provide power to illuminate LEDs 2024. Circuit board 2050 may include an energy stabilizer such as a full wave rectifier circuit or any other circuit that provides steady voltage to LEDs 2024, although it may also provide a varying voltage to LEDs 2024 to provide a flickering light which mimics movement that some insect species, including mosquitoes, may find attractive. For example, light flickering frequencies in the approximate range of 0.05 Hz (e.g., to mimic the breathing rate of large mammals) to 250 Hz (e.g., the highest flicker frequency to attract male houseflies), may be desirable and the lighting element may be configured to flicker within this range. Circuit board 2050 may provide power to LEDs 2024 to provide UV and/or visible and/or IR light, although it may be configured to provide power to only the UV LEDs 2024 or to only the visible light LEDs 2024 or to only the IR LEDs 2024, or to provide variable power to produce combinations of flickering UV and/or visible and/or IR light. Circuit board 2050 may also be configured to drive a transmitter or transceiver such as a piezoelectric speaker (not shown) or other device that may be mounted in base portion 2012 to emit an insect-attracting sound. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect sounds or vibrations to better attract insects such as mosquitoes, midges, moths and flies, and may include one or more of insect call, reply, courtship and copulatory songs. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect-attracting sounds or vibrations such as the heartbeat of a mammal. For example, the transmitter or transceiver may emit an insect-attracting sound or sounds having a frequency in the range of approximately 0.5 Hz (e.g., the heart rate of large mammals) to approximately 240 kHz (e.g., the highest frequency detectable by insects). In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 5 Hz to 100 kHz. In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 35 Hz to 50 Khz. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be detectable by an insect within approximately a 2-meter distance from insect trap 2010. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be undetectable by a human beyond approximately a 1-meter distance from insect trap 2010. Circuit board 2050 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 2012 and into trap portion 2014, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, one or more of light sources 2024 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 2014 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals.
As shown, slot 2030 in top surface 2026 of base portion 2012 and rim or protrusions 2032 on top surface 2026 of base portion 2012 engage with trap portion 2014 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that may allow trap portion 2014 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 2012. Bottom surface 2066 of base portion 2012 may be substantially flat or concave to allow insect trap 2010 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when insect trap 2010 is unplugged. Alternatively, bottom surface 2066 of base portion 2012 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow the insect trap 2010 to sit upright when insect trap 2010 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 2010, conductive prongs 2022, only one of which is shown, are inserted into a wall electrical socket. Circuit board 2050 provides power to LEDs 2024 and to photosensor 2056. LEDs 2024 emit light, represented by arrows, which transmits through window 2028 in base portion 2012, through opening 2044 in rear housing 2040 of trap portion 2014, into rear enclosure 2048, and directly onto inside surface 2042 of rear housing 2040 and a rear surface 2062 of divider 2034. Because the light from LEDs 2024 enters rear enclosure 2048 through opening 2044 in a bottom face of rear housing 2040 (e.g., in a face that is substantially parallel to the overall depth of trap portion 2014), the light can travel the entire length of rear enclosure 2048 and can diverge over the entire length of rear enclosure 2048, and therefore can be more evenly distributed throughout rear enclosure 2048. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 2012 and is emitted directly into trap portion 2014. Inside surface 2042 of rear housing 2040 may include a concave shape and may be configured to reflect and disperse the UV and visible light from LEDs 2024 to distribute the light evenly onto rear surface 2062 of divider 2034, although the shape of inside surface 2042 of rear housing 2040 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features (not shown) to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens (not shown) or any other lens or combination of lenses configured to distribute the UV and visible light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto rear surface 2062 of divider 2034, may be mounted to rear housing 2040 at or near opening 2044 or to base portion 2012 at or near opening 2052, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 2042 of rear housing 2040. In some embodiments, the light from LEDs 2024 may directly strike rear surface 2062 of divider 2034 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and may be spread across divider 2034, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 2042 of rear housing 2040 or of the lens or lenses mounted to rear housing 2040.
Thereafter, the light transmits through divider 2034 and adhesive 2036 on front surface 2038, and into front enclosure 2046. The light-diffusing properties of divider 2034, adhesive 2036, or both may further evenly distribute the light. A portion of the light entering front enclosure 2046 continues through opening 2020 in front housing 2018 and emits into the surrounding area where insect trap 2010 is installed. Insects are attracted to the UV and/or visible light transmitted through adhesive 2036 and through opening 2020 in front housing 2018, and fly or crawl into opening 2020 and onto adhesive 2036, where they become trapped. Trapped insects 2058 reduce the amount light transmitted into front enclosure 2046. Photosensor 2056 detects this reduction in light and responds by changing its electrical properties. Circuit board 2050 responds to changes in electrical properties that exceed a predetermined threshold by causing LEDs 2024 to blink on and off, thereby providing an indicator feature signaling that trap portion 2014 may need to be replaced. Alternatively, other visual indicator features, such as a change in the color of the light (e.g., to yellow, orange or red) or an audible indicator feature such as a tone, chime or voice, may augment or replace the blinking light indicator feature. In some embodiments, circuit board 2050 is configured to avoid responding inadvertently to changes in the ambient light levels by periodically pulsing or varying the light emitting from LEDs 2024, preferably at a faster rate than is distinguishable by the human eye, detecting the changes in electrical properties of photosensor 2056 resulting from the periodic pulses of light, and responding to the changes that exceed a predetermined threshold by causing LEDs 2024 to blink on and off. A user may notice the blinking light emitting from insect trap 2010 and observe trapped insects 2058 by looking through opening 2020 in front housing 2018. The user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 2014 without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 2014, and replace it with a new trap portion 2014. The new trap portion 2014 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces and light-directing surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 2010 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 2014 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 2012, insect trap 2010 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 2010 is configured such that when insect trap 2010 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 2010 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 2010 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 2014. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 2014. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 2042, divider 2034 and adhesive 2036). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 2036. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on the adhesive 2036 or within trap portion 2014, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
An insect trap 2010 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 2014 that may be removably mounted to base portion 2012, each trap portion 2014 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying or non-flying insect. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 2014, the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 2020 in front housing 2018 of trap portion 2014, and the natural frequency and sound amplifying properties of trap portion 2014 may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying insect. For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 2014 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 2014 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 2014 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 2012 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 2012 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 2012 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 2020 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 2020 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 2020 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 2020 is circular, opening 2020 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 2020 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 2020 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 2020 is slot shaped, opening 2020 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 2020 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 2020 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 2020 covers all or a portion of front housing 2018. For example, opening 2020 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 2018. In some embodiments, opening 2020 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 2018. In some embodiments, opening 2020 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 2018.
Protruding from a rear surface 2172 of base portion 2112 are a plurality of electrically conductive prongs 2122, adapted to mount insect trap 2110 to a wall and provide power to insect trap 2110 by inserting conductive prongs 2122 into a standard household electrical wall socket. Alternatively, conductive prongs 2122 may be adapted to swivel to allow insect trap 2110 to remain upright when conductive prongs 2122 are inserted into a horizontally oriented electrical wall socket. Alternatively, base portion 2112 may be configured to sit or hang wherever desired and receive power from batteries (not shown) mounted in base portion 2112. While an electrical socket and batteries have been described as providing power to insect trap 2110, any suitable power source may be used. Base portion 2112 includes a lighting element such as one or more LEDs 2124. In some embodiments, LEDs 2124 include at least one that emits UV light and at least one emits visible light. In some embodiments, LEDs 2124 include at least one that emits UV light and at least one that emits blue light to better attract a wide variety of insect species. In some embodiments, the lighting element emits a combination of wavelengths to mimic sunlight. In some embodiments, LEDs 2124 include at least one that emits IR light to better attract certain species of insects such as mosquitos and fleas. A top surface 2126 of base portion 2112 includes an opening 2166, which may be covered by a transparent or translucent window 2128, shown partially cut away to reveal LEDs 2124. Window 2128 protects LEDs 2124 from dust and insect debris, and allows base portion 2112 to be easily cleaned. In some embodiments, at least a portion of window 2128 and at least a portion of LEDs 2124 protrude from top surface 2126 of base portion 2112, and protrude into trap portion 2114 when trap portion 2114 is mounted to base portion 2112. In some embodiments, base portion 2112 does not include a window 2128, and at least a portion of LEDs 2124 protrude from top surface 2126 of base portion 2112 and protrude into trap portion 2114 when trap portion 2114 is mounted to base portion 2112. Mounted in one or more additional openings 2158 in top surface 2126 of base portion 2112 is a plurality of electrical base contacts 2160. While two base contacts 2160 are shown, any suitable number may be used. In top surface 2126 may be a slot 2130, and on the perimeter of top surface 2126 is a rim or upwardly directed protrusions 2132.
In some embodiments, divider 2134 may also be configured to polarize light transmitted through it in an orientation similar to that of daylight to further attract flying insects, a wide variety of which are known to detect polarized light. In some embodiments, mounted on the inside bottom of front housing 2118 is an insert 2168 configured to reflect and polarize light in an orientation similar to that of light reflecting from the surface of water to better attract a variety of insect species, especially those that breed near water. Insert 2168 may be configured of material that reflects and polarizes light, and may have ridges or other surface or subsurface features to enhance its reflecting and/or polarizing properties, thereby further attracting insects.
In some embodiments, front housing 2118 and rear housing 2140 are thermoformed from opaque sheet plastic, creating a clean and aesthetically pleasing shape while maintaining low cost and disposability. Alternatively, other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp may be used. In some embodiments, front housing 2118 and rear housing 2140 are constructed by injection molding or by other suitable manufacturing techniques. As shown, divider 2134 is substantially planar, and may be configured to be parallel to, or at an angle to the primary direction of the light produced by LEDs 2124. In some embodiments, divider 2134 may be formed into a convex, concave or saddle-shaped contour, or a combination of contours to optimize the even distribution of light. In some embodiments, divider 2134 may have ribs or other features (not shown) that increase adhesive surface area and create regions of light/dark contrast, which are highly visible to a wide variety of insects and may be more attractive to them.
In some embodiments, front housing 2118 may also be coated with transparent, translucent or opaque adhesive on its inside surface to provide additional insect trapping efficiency and capacity. In addition, front housing 2118 may also have a reflective coating (not shown) underneath the adhesive coating on its inside surface to enhance its attraction to insects and further improve the insect trapping efficiency and effectiveness. In some embodiments, front housing 2118, divider 2134 and rear housing 2140 are joined together where they intersect or engage by ultrasonic welding or high frequency (HF) welding, although they may also be permanently or removably joined together by gluing or any other suitable assembly method. Divider 2134 separates trap portion 2114 into a front enclosure 2146 and a rear enclosure 2148. Rear housing 2140 includes a plurality of electrical trap contacts 2162 (only one of which is shown) that correspond to base contacts 2160 in base portion 2112. Trap contacts 2162 are electrically connected to their corresponding trap wires 2156 and are configured to create an electrical contact with base contacts 2160 (only one of which is shown) when trap portion 2114 is mounted to base portion 2112. In some embodiments, base portion 2112 includes a circuit board 2150, having a programmable processor or chip (not shown) for executing commands, electrically connected to conductive prongs 2122 (only one of which is shown), LEDs 2124 (only one of which is shown), and a plurality of electric base wires 2164, that correspond to, and are electrically connected to, base contacts 2160. Accordingly, actuator 2154, mounted on rear surface 2152 of divider 2134, may be electrically connected to circuit board 2150 when trap portion 2114 is mounted to base portion 2112. For clarity, however, not all of the electrical connections are shown. Circuit board 2150 may include electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current from conductive prongs 2122 and provide power to illuminate LEDs 2124. Circuit board 2150 may include an energy stabilizer such as a full wave rectifier circuit or any other circuit that provides steady voltage to LEDs 2124, although it may also provide a varying voltage to LEDs 2124 to provide a flickering light, which mimics movement that some insect species, including mosquitoes, may find attractive. For example, light flickering frequencies in the approximate range of 0.05 Hz (e.g., to mimic the breathing rate of large mammals) to 250 Hz (e.g., the highest flicker frequency to attract male houseflies), may be desirable and the lighting element may be configured to flicker within this range. Circuit board 2150 may provide power to LEDs 2124 to provide UV and/or visible and/or IR light, although it may be configured to provide power to only UV LEDs 2124 or to only visible light LEDs 2124 or to only IR LEDs 2124, or to provide variable power to produce combinations of flickering UV and/or visible and/or IR light. Circuit board 2150 may also be configured to power actuator 2154 mounted on rear surface 2152 of divider 2134 to emit an insect-attracting sound. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect sounds or vibrations to better attract insects such as mosquitoes, midges, moths and flies, and may include one or more of insect call, reply, courtship and copulatory songs. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect-attracting sounds or vibrations such as the heartbeat of a mammal. For example, the transmitter or transceiver may emit an insect-attracting sound or sounds having a frequency in the range of approximately 0.5 Hz (e.g., the heart rate of large mammals) to approximately 240 kHz (e.g., the highest frequency detectable by insects). In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 5 Hz to 100 KHz. In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 35 Hz to 50 Khz. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be detectable by an insect within approximately a 2-meter distance from insect trap 2110. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be undetectable by a human beyond approximately a 1-meter distance from insect trap 2110. Circuit board 2150 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 2112 and into trap portion 2114, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 2124 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 2114 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals.
As shown, slot 2130 in top surface 2126 of base portion 2112 and rim or protrusions 2132 on top surface 2126 of base portion 2112 engage with trap portion 2114 to secure it in place during usc, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that allows trap portion 2114 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 2112. Bottom surface 2174 of base portion 2112 may be substantially flat or concave to allow insect trap 2110 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when insect trap 2110 is unplugged. Alternatively, bottom surface 2174 of base portion 2112 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow insect trap 2110 to sit upright when insect trap 2110 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 2110, conductive prongs 2122 are inserted into a wall electrical socket. Circuit board 2150 provides power to LEDs 2124 and to actuator 2154. LEDs 2124 emit light, represented by arrows, which transmits through window 2128 in base portion 2112, through opening 2144 in rear housing 2140 of trap portion 2114, into the rear enclosure 2148, and directly onto inside surface 2142 of rear housing 2140 and rear surface 2152 of divider 2134. Because the light from LEDs 2124 enters rear enclosure 2148 through opening 2144 in a bottom face of rear housing 2140 (e.g., in a face that is substantially parallel to the overall depth of trap portion 2114), the light can travel the entire length of rear enclosure 2148 and can diverge over the entire length of rear enclosure 2148, and therefore can be more evenly distributed throughout rear enclosure 2148. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 2112 and is emitted directly into trap portion 2114. Inside surface 2142 of rear housing 2140 may include a concave shape and may be configured to reflect and disperse the UV and visible light from LEDs 2124 to distribute the light evenly onto rear surface 2152 of divider 2134, although the shape of inside surface 2142 of rear housing 2140 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features (not shown) to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens or any other lens or combination of lenses (not shown) configured to distribute the UV and visible light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto rear surface 2152 of divider 2134, may be mounted to rear housing 2140 at or near opening 2144 or to base portion 2112 at or near opening 2166, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 2142 of rear housing 2140. In some embodiments, the light from LEDs 2124 directly strikes rear surface 2152 of divider 2134 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and spreads across divider 2134, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 2142 of rear housing 2140 or of the lens or lenses mounted to rear housing 2140 or to base portion 2112.
Thereafter, the light transmits through divider 2134 and adhesive 2136 on front surface 2138, and into front enclosure 2146. The light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of divider 2134, adhesive 2136 on front surface 2138, or both. A portion of the light entering front enclosure 2146 continues through opening 2120 in front housing 2118 and into the area where the trap is installed. Actuator 2154 produces insect-attracting vibrations, which are amplified by divider 2134, and transmit through front enclosure and out through opening 2120. Insects are attracted to the UV and/or visible light transmitted through adhesive 2136 and through opening 2120 in front housing 2118. Insects are also attracted to the insect-attracting vibrations produced by actuator 2154. Insects fly or crawl into opening 2120 and onto adhesive 2136, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 2120 in front housing 2118. In some embodiments, circuit board 2150 periodically sends electrical pulses to actuator 2154, causing divider 2134 to vibrate. The vibrations in divider 2134 in turn cause actuator 2154 to create electrical response signals such as changes of voltage, resistance or charge. When trapped insects 2170 become stuck in adhesive 2136, they change the vibration characteristics of divider 2134, and thereby change the electrical response signals from actuator 2154. Circuit board 2150 is configured such that when a sufficient number of trapped insects 2170 are stuck in adhesive 2136, circuit board 2150 responds to the change in electrical response signals exceeding a predetermined threshold from actuator 2154 and cause LEDs 2124 to blink on and off, indicating that trap portion 2114 may need to be replaced. Alternatively, other visual indicator features, such as a change in the color of the light (e.g., to yellow, orange or red) or an audible indicator feature such as a tone, chime or voice, may augment or replace the blinking light indicator feature. The user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 2114 without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 2114, and replace it with a new trap portion 2114. The new trap portion 2114 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces and light-directing surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 2110 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 2114 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 2112, insect trap 2110 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 2110 is configured such that when insect trap 2110 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 2110 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 2110 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 2114. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 2114. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 2142, divider 2134 and adhesive 2136). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 2136. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 2136 or within trap portion 2114, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
Insect trap 2110 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 2114 that may be removably mounted to base portion 2112, each trap portion 2114 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying or non-flying insect. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 2114, the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 2120 in front housing 2118 of trap portion 2114, the vibration-producing properties of actuator 2154, the natural frequency and sound amplifying properties of trap portion 2114 and the electrical response signals from actuator 2154 may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying or non-flying insect. For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 2114 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 2114 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 2114 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 2112 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 2112 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 2112 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 2120 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 2120 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 2120 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 2120 is circular, opening 2120 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 2120 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 2120 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 2120 is slot shaped, opening 2120 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 2120 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 2120 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 2120 covers all or a portion of front housing 2118. For example, opening 2120 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 2118. In some embodiments, opening 2120 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 2118. In some embodiments, opening 2120 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 2118.
In some embodiments, opening 2220 is configured to prevent user's fingers from penetrating opening 2220 and inadvertently touching dead insects or adhesive when removing and replacing trap portion 2214. In some embodiments, opening 2220 has a size and shape such that a sphere 25 mm in diameter cannot pass through opening 2220, and has a size and shape such that a sphere 1 mm in diameter can pass through any portion of opening 2220. Opening 2220 may be of uniform or of varying width, shape and orientation, and if trap portion 2214 has more than one opening 2220, they may be of identical or of differing widths, shapes and orientations. Opening 2220 may be configured to attract one or more individual insect species or a variety of insect species. In some embodiments, front housing 2218 is configured with ribs or reliefs 2270 surrounding opening 2220 to confer stiffness and strength to trap portion 2210 and to enable front housing 2218 to be made of thinner material. As shown, protruding from tab slot 2268 in front housing 2218 in trap portion 2214 is a removable tab 2254. Protruding from a rear surface 2278 (shown in
In some embodiments, front housing 2218 and rear housing 2240 are thermoformed from opaque sheet plastic, creating a clean and aesthetically pleasing shape while maintaining low cost and disposability. Alternatively, other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp may be used. In some embodiments, front housing 2218 and rear housing 2240 are made by injection molding or by other suitable manufacturing techniques. As shown, divider 2234 has a rear surface 2252, and is substantially planar, and may be configured to be parallel to, or at an angle to, the primary direction (not shown) of the light produced by LEDs 2224.
In some embodiments, divider 2234 may be formed into a convex, concave or saddle-shaped contour (not shown), or a combination of contours to optimize the even distribution of light. In some embodiments, divider 2234 may have ribs or other features (not shown) that increase adhesive surface area and create regions of light/dark contrast, which are highly visible to a wide variety of insects and may be more attractive to them.
In some embodiments, front housing 2218 is coated with transparent, translucent or opaque adhesive (not shown) on its inside surface to provide additional insect trapping efficiency and capacity. In addition, front housing 2218 may also have a reflective coating (not shown) underneath the adhesive coating on its inside surface to enhance its attraction to insects and further improve the insect trapping efficiency and effectiveness. In some embodiments, front housing 2218, divider 2234 and rear housing 2240 are joined together where they intersect or engage by ultrasonic welding or high frequency welding, although they may also be permanently or removably joined together by gluing or any other suitable assembly method. Divider 2234 separates trap portion 2214 into a front enclosure 2246 and a rear enclosure 2248.
In some embodiments, base portion 2212 includes a circuit board 2250 having a programmable processor or chip (not shown) for executing commands, electrically connected to conductive prongs 2222 (only one of which is shown) and LEDs 2224 (only one of which is shown). For clarity, not all of the electrical connections are shown. Circuit board 2250 may include electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current from conductive prongs 2222 and provide power to illuminate LEDs 2224. Circuit board 2250 may include an energy stabilizer such as a full wave rectifier circuit or any other circuit that provides steady voltage to LEDs 2224, although it may also provide a varying voltage to LEDs 2224 to provide a flickering light that mimics movement that some insect species, including mosquitoes, may find attractive. For example, light flickering frequencies in the approximate range of 0.05 Hz (e.g., to mimic the breathing rate of large mammals) to 250 Hz (e.g., the highest flicker frequency to attract male houseflies), may be desirable and the lighting element may be configured to flicker within this range. Circuit board 2250 may provide power to LEDs 2224 to provide UV and/or visible and/or IR light, although it may be configured to provide power to only the UV LEDs 2224 or to only the visible light LEDs 2224 or to only the IR LEDs 2224, or to provide variable power to produce combinations of flickering UV and/or visible and/or IR light. Circuit board 2250 may also be configured to drive a transmitter or transceiver such as a piezoelectric speaker (not shown) or other device that may be mounted in base portion 2212 to emit an insect-attracting sound. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect sounds or vibrations to better attract insects such as mosquitoes, midges, moths and flies, and may include one or more of insect call, reply, courtship and copulatory songs. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect-attracting sounds or vibrations such as the heartbeat of a mammal. For example, the transmitter or transceiver may emit an insect-attracting sound or sounds having a frequency in the range of approximately 0.5 Hz (e.g., the heart rate of large mammals) to approximately 240 kHz (e.g., the highest frequency detectable by insects). In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 5 Hz to 100 kHz. In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 35 Hz to 50 Khz. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be detectable by an insect within approximately a 2-meter distance from insect trap 2210. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be undetectable by a human beyond approximately a 1-meter distance from insect trap 2210.
Circuit board 2250 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 2212 and into trap portion 2214, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 2224 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 2214 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals. The addition of heat may also enhance the release of insect-attracting substances, including water vapor and carbon dioxide.
As shown, slot 2230 in top surface 2226 of base portion 2212 and rim or protrusions 2232 on top surface 2226 of base portion 2212 engage with trap portion 2214 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that may allow trap portion 2214 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 2212. Bottom surface 2280 of base portion 2212 may be substantially flat or concave to allow insect trap 2210 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when insect trap 2210 is unplugged. Alternatively, bottom surface 2280 of base portion 2212 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow insect trap 2210 to sit upright when insect trap 2210 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 2210, conductive prongs 2222 (only one of which is shown), are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and removable tab 2254 (not shown) is pulled from trap portion 2214 and removed, thereby breaking the seal between cup 2256 and removable tab 2254, and exposing carrier material 2266 and the insect-attracting substance or substances to the air and releasing an insect-attracting scent or scents through perforations 2274 (not shown in this view) in divider 2234, through opening 2220 in front housing 2218 and into the surrounding area where insect trap 2210 is installed. Cup 2256, carrier material 2266 and the insect-attracting substance or substances may be configured to release an insect-attracting scent or scents for a predetermined amount of time to correspond with the expected useful life of trap portion 2214, which may be e.g., a week, a month or three months, or another length of time. Alternatively, cup 2256, carrier material 2266 and the insect-attracting substance or substances may be configured to preferentially release one insect-attracting scent or group of scents earlier in the useful life of trap portion 2214 and another insect-attracting scent or group of scents later in the useful life of trap portion 2214 to attract more insects or a wider variety of insects with a changing scent, or to provide a stronger scent later in the useful life of trap portion 2214 to compensate for the reduced light emitted from trap portion 2214 when many insects are caught in adhesive 2236. Alternatively, cup 2256 and carrier material 2266 may be configured to release additional scents that may mask the insect-attracting scent or scents or mask or eliminate components of the insect-attracting scent or scents that humans may find objectionable, or that children or non-intended animals (e.g., pets) may find attractive, without substantially reducing their attractiveness to insects. LEDs 2224 emit light, represented by arrows, which transmits through window 2228 in base portion 2212, through opening 2244 in rear housing 2240 of trap portion 2214, into rear enclosure 2248, and directly onto inside surface 2242 of rear housing 2240 and rear surface 2252 of divider 2234. Because the light from LEDs 2224 enters rear enclosure 2248 through opening 2244 through bottom inside surface 2276 of rear housing 2240 (e.g., in a face that is substantially parallel to the overall depth of trap portion 2214), the light can travel the entire length of rear enclosure 2248 and can diverge over the entire length of rear enclosure 2248, and therefore can be more evenly distributed throughout rear enclosure 2248. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 2212 and is emitted directly into trap portion 2214. Inside surface 2242 of rear housing 2240 may include a concave shape and may be configured to reflect and disperse the UV and visible light from LEDs 2224 to distribute the light evenly onto rear surface 2252 of divider 2234, although inside surface 2242 of rear housing 2240 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features (not shown) to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens (not shown) or any other lens or combination of lenses configured to distribute the UV and visible light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto rear surface 2252 of divider 2234, may be mounted to rear housing 2240 at or near opening 2244 or to base portion 2212 at or near window 2228, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 2242 of rear housing 2240. Alternatively, the UV and visible light from the one or more LEDs 2224 may directly strike rear surface 2252 of divider 2234 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and may be spread across divider 2234, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 2242 of rear housing 2240 or of the lens or lenses mounted to rear housing 2240.
Thereafter, the light transmits through divider 2234 and adhesive 2236 on its front surface 2238, and into front enclosure 2246. The light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of divider 2234, adhesive 2236, or both. A portion of the light entering front enclosure 2246 continues through opening 2220 in front housing 2218 and emits into the surrounding area where insect trap 2210 is installed. Insects are attracted to the light transmitted through adhesive 2236 and through opening 2220 in front housing 2218. Insects are also attracted to the scents and/or pheromones released from carrier material 2266 in cup 2256. In addition, heat generated by circuit board 2250 may warm carrier material 2266, and may thereby increase the release of insect-attracting scents and/or pheromones. Insects fly or crawl into opening 2220 and onto adhesive 2236, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 2220 in front housing 2218. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 2214 without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 2214, and replace it with a new trap portion 2214. The new trap portion 2214 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces and light-directing surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 2210 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 2214 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 2212, insect trap 2210 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 2210 is configured such that when insect trap 2210 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 2210 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 2210 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 2214. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 2214. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 2242, divider 2234 and adhesive 2236). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 2236. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 2236 or within trap portion 2214, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
An insect trap 2210 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 2214 that may be removably mounted to base portion 2212, each trap portion 2214 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying insect. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 2214, the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 2220 in front housing 2218, and the scent or scents impregnated in carrier material 2266, front housing 2218, divider 2234, adhesive 2236 or rear housing 2240, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying insect.
For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 2214 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 2214 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 2214 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 2212 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 2212 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 2212 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 2220 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 2220 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 2220 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 2220 is circular, opening 2220 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 2220 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 2220 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 2220 is slot shaped, opening 2220 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 2220 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 2220 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 2220 covers all or a portion of front housing 2218. For example, opening 2220 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 2218. In some embodiments, opening 2220 covers 5 approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 2218. In some embodiments, opening 2220 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 2218.
Other features or combinations of features are contemplated to deliver insect-attracting scent in an insect trap.
Trap portion 2214A includes a divider 2258A, constructed from or including a transparent or translucent material and coated with a transparent or translucent adhesive on its front surface 2260A. Rear housing 2238A and divider 2258A are sealed together by heat sealing, ultrasonic welding, high-frequency welding or adhesive boding to form a rear enclosure 2264A. Rear enclosure 2264A contains a liquid 2266A, which may include a liquid carrier material and/or an insect-attracting substance or substances. In some embodiments, rear enclosure 2264A may also contain a transparent or translucent bladder (not shown), which contains liquid 2266A. Free end 2248A of wick 2246A protrudes through an opening 2268A in scent protrusion 2244A and into base portion 2212A, and the remainder of wick 2246A extends into liquid 2266A and to the bottom of rear enclosure 2264A. Wick 2246A may be manufactured of fibers of polyester or other natural or manufactured materials, and is configured to absorb and, via capillary action, pull liquid 2266A up the length of wick 2246A to free end 2248A, where liquid 2266A is exposed to the air. Heating element 2256A heats free end 2248A of wick 2246A and liquid 2266A at free end 2248A of wick 2246A. Liquid 2266A at free end 2248A of wick 2246A evaporates into base enclosure 2252A, through front scent openings 2226A in base 2212A, through corresponding front scent openings 2236A in front housing 2228A of trap portion 2214A, on through openings 2232A of front housing 2228A, and into the room where insect trap 2210A has been installed. LEDs (not shown) illuminate, projecting light through light openings 2220A of base portion 2212A and through windows 2242A of rear housing 2238A, and into rear enclosure 2264A and through liquid 2266A. In some embodiments, a portion of light from LEDs (not shown) reflects against an inside surface 2270A of rear housing 2238A. Light from LEDs projects through liquid 2266A, through divider 2258A, through adhesive 2262A, through openings 2232A in front surface 2230A of front housing 2228A, and on into room where insect trap 2210A has been installed. In some embodiments, heat and scent alone are used as attractants, and light sources are not used in insect trap 2210A.
An added benefit of insect trap 2210A is that trap portion 2214A may include a built-in life indicator. In some embodiments, light from the LEDs projecting through liquid 2266A may show a visible horizontal line through divider 2258A, corresponding to the amount of liquid 2266A remaining in rear enclosure 2264A. In some embodiments, liquid 2266A may be tinted or colored to enhance the visibility of the horizontal line showing through divider 2258A. In some embodiments, a marking or markings on divider 2258A may indicate the position of the horizontal line showing through divider 2258A when liquid 2266A is partially and/or fully depleted, thereby providing a visual cue indicating that trap portion 2214A should be removed and replaced with a fresh trap portion 2214A.
Protruding from a rear surface 2354 (shown in
In some embodiments, inside surface 2342 of rear housing 2340 has a reflective coating. Alternatively, the material and surface finish of rear housing 2340 may be configured to reflect and disperse UV and/or visible light without a reflective coating. Rear housing 2340 may include an opening 2344 on its bottom face, or alternatively opening 2344 may be replaced by a transparent or translucent window (not shown). In some embodiments, front housing 2318 and rear housing 2340 are thermoformed from sheet plastic, creating a clean and aesthetically pleasing shape while maintaining low cost and disposability. Alternatively, other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp may be used. In some embodiments, front housing 2318 and rear housing 2340 are made by injection molding or by other suitable manufacturing techniques. As shown, divider 2334 has a rear surface 2352, and is substantially planar, and may be configured to be parallel to, or at an angle to, the primary direction (not shown) of the light produced by LEDs 2324. In some embodiments, divider 2334 is formed into a convex, concave or saddle-shaped contour (not shown), or a combination of contours to optimize the even distribution of light. In some embodiments, divider 2334 has ribs or other features (not shown) that increase adhesive surface area and create regions of light/dark contrast, which are highly visible to a wide variety of insects and may be more attractive to them.
In some embodiments, front housing 2318 is coated with transparent, translucent or opaque adhesive (not shown) on its inside surface to provide additional insect trapping efficiency and capacity. In addition, front housing 2318 may also have a reflective coating (not shown) underneath the adhesive coating on its inside surface to enhance its attraction to insects and further improve the insect trapping efficiency and effectiveness. In some embodiments, front housing 2318, divider 2334 and rear housing 2340 are joined together where they intersect or engage by ultrasonic welding or high frequency (HF) welding, although they may also be permanently or removably joined together by gluing or any other suitable assembly method. Divider 2334 separates trap portion 2314 into a front enclosure 2346 and a rear enclosure 2348.
In some embodiments, base portion 2312 includes a circuit board 2350 having a programmable processor or chip (not shown) for executing commands, electrically connected to conductive prongs 2322 (only one of which is shown) and LEDs 2324 (only one of which is shown). For clarity, not all of the electrical connections are shown. Circuit board 2350 may include electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current from conductive prongs 2322 and provide power to illuminate LEDs 2324. Circuit board 2350 may include an energy stabilizer such as a full wave rectifier circuit or any other circuit that provides steady voltage to LEDs 2324, although it may also provide a varying voltage to LEDs 2324 to provide a flickering light, which mimics movement that some insect species, including mosquitoes, may find attractive. For example, light flickering frequencies in the approximate range of 0.05 Hz (e.g., to mimic the breathing rate of large mammals) to 250 Hz (e.g., the highest flicker frequency to attract male houseflies), may be desirable and the lighting element may be configured to flicker within this range. Circuit board 2350 may provide power to LEDs 2324 to provide UV and/or visible and/or IR light, although it may be configured to provide power to only UV LEDs 2324 or to only visible light LEDs 2324 or to only IR LEDs 2324, or to provide variable power to produce combinations of flickering UV and/or visible and/or IR light. Circuit board 2350 may also be configured to drive a transmitter or transceiver such as a piezoelectric speaker (not shown) or other device that may be mounted in base portion 2312 to emit an insect-attracting sound. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect sounds or vibrations to better attract insects such as mosquitoes, midges, moths and flies, and may include one or more of insect call, reply, courtship and copulatory songs. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect-attracting sounds or vibrations such as the heartbeat of a mammal. For example, the transmitter or transceiver may emit an insect-attracting sound or sounds having a frequency in the range of approximately 0.5 Hz (e.g., the heart rate of large mammals) to approximately 240 kHz (e.g., the highest frequency detectable by insects). In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 5 Hz to 100 kHz. In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 35 Hz to 50 Khz. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be detectable by an insect within approximately a 2-meter distance from insect trap 2310. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be undetectable by a human beyond approximately a 1-meter distance from insect trap 2310.
Circuit board 2350 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 2312 and into trap portion 2314, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, one or more of LEDs 2324 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 2314 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals. The addition of heat may also enhance the release of insect-attracting substances, including water vapor and carbon dioxide.
In some embodiments, a bottom surface 2364 of base portion 2312 may be substantially flat or concave to allow the insect trap 2310 to sit upright on a floor, desk, table or shelf when the insect trap 2310 is unplugged. Alternatively, the bottom surface 2364 of the base portion 2312 may have two or more protrusions (not shown) or legs that allow the insect trap 2310 to sit upright when the insect trap 2310 is unplugged.
In the operation of insect trap 2310, conductive prongs 2322 (only one of which is shown) are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and trap portion 2314 is mounted to base portion 2312, thereby breaking the sealed lid 2360 and releasing an insect-attracting scent or scents through perforations 2374 in divider 2334 and through opening 2320 in front housing 2318 and into the surrounding area where insect trap 2310 is installed. Cup 2356, carrier material 2366 and the insect-attracting substance or substances may be configured to release an insect-attracting scent or scents for a predetermined amount of time to correspond with the expected useful life of trap portion 2314, which may be e.g., a week, a month or three months, or another length of time. Alternatively, cup 2356, carrier material 2366 and the insect-attracting substance or substances may be configured to preferentially release one insect-attracting scent or group of scents earlier in the useful life of trap portion 2314 and another insect-attracting scent or group of scents later in the useful life of trap portion 2314 to attract more insects or a wider variety of insects with a changing scent, or to provide a stronger scent later in the useful life of trap portion 2314 to compensate for the reduced light emitted from trap portion 2314 when many insects are caught in adhesive 2336. Alternatively, cup 2356 and carrier material 2366 may be configured to release additional scents that may mask the insect-attracting scent or scents or mask or eliminate components of the insect-attracting scent or scents that humans may find objectionable, or that children or non-intended animals (e.g., pets) may find attractive, without substantially reducing its attractiveness to insects. LEDs 2324 emit light, represented by arrows, which transmits through window 2328 in base portion 2312, through opening 2344 in rear housing 2340 of trap portion 2314, into rear enclosure 2348 and directly onto inside surface 2342 of rear housing 2340 and rear surface 2352 of divider 2334. Because the light from LEDs 2324 enters rear enclosure 2348 through opening 2344 in bottom inside surface 2376 of rear housing 2340 (e.g., in a face that is substantially parallel to the overall depth of trap portion 2314), the light can travel the entire length of rear enclosure 2348 and can diverge over the entire length of rear enclosure 2348, and therefore can be more evenly distributed throughout rear enclosure 2348. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 2312 and is emitted directly into trap portion 2314. Inside surface 2342 of rear housing 2340 may include a concave shape and may be configured to reflect and disperse the UV and visible light from LEDs 2324 to distribute the light evenly onto rear surface 2352 of divider 2334, although the shape of inside surface 2342 of rear housing 2340 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features (not shown) to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens (not shown) or any other lens or combination of lenses configured to distribute the UV and visible light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto rear surface 2352 of divider 2334, may be mounted to rear housing 2340 at or near opening 2344 or to base portion 2312 at or near window 2328, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 2342 of rear housing 2340. Alternatively, the light from LEDs 2324 may directly strike rear surface 2352 of divider 2334 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and may be spread across divider 2334, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface 2342 of rear housing 2340 or of the lens or lenses mounted to rear housing 2340.
Thereafter, the light is transmitted through divider 2334 and adhesive 2336 on front surface 2338, and into front enclosure 2346. The light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of divider 2334, adhesive 2336, or both. A portion of the light entering front enclosure 2346 continues through opening 2320 in front housing 2318 and into the surrounding area where insect trap 2310 is installed. Insects are attracted to the light transmitted through adhesive 2336 and through opening 2320 in front housing 2318. Insects are also attracted to the scents and/or pheromones released from carrier material 2366 in cup 2356. In addition, heat generated by circuit board 2350 may warm carrier material 2366, and may thereby increase the release of insect-attracting scents and/or pheromones. Insects fly or crawl into opening 2320 and onto adhesive 2336, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 2320 in front housing 2318. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 2314 without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 2314, and replace it with a new trap portion 2314. The new trap portion 2314 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces and light-directing surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 2310 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 2314 mounts on top of, and not in front of, base portion 2312, insect trap 2310 protrudes minimally from the wall when plugged into an ordinary household wall socket, and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 2310 is configured such that when insect trap 2310 is mounted to a wall, its overall depth, defined by the overall distance insect trap 2310 protrudes from the wall, is smaller than its overall height and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 2310 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 2314. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 2314. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface 2342, divider 2334 and adhesive 2336). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 2336. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 2336 or within trap portion 2314, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
An insect trap 2310 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 2314 that may be removably mounted to base portion 2312, each trap portion 2314 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying insect. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 2314, the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 2320 in front housing 2318 of trap portion 2314, and the scent or scents impregnated in carrier material 2366, front housing 2318, divider 2334, adhesive 2336 or rear housing 2340, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of flying insect.
For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 2314 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm high and 5 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 2314 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm high and 5 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, trap portion 2314 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm high and 5 mm to 50 mm deep.
In some embodiments, base portion 2312 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm high and 10 mm to 150 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 2312 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm high and 10 mm to 80 mm deep. In some embodiments, base portion 2312 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm high and 10 mm to 50 mm deep.
As provided herein, opening 2320 may be a variety of shapes and/or sizes. For example, opening 2320 may be circular, square, rectangular, polygonal and/or elliptical in shape. Alternatively, opening 2320 may be slot shaped having a straight, curved or undulating shape or pattern. When opening 2320 is circular, opening 2320 may be approximately 0.5 mm to 30 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 2320 is approximately 0.5 mm to 20 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, circular opening 2320 is approximately 0.5 mm to 15 mm in diameter. When opening 2320 is slot shaped, opening 2320 may be approximately 2 mm to 30 mm wide and 5 mm to 500 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 2320 is approximately 2 mm to 20 mm wide and 5 mm to 200 mm long. In some embodiments, slot shaped opening 2320 is approximately 2 mm to 15 mm wide and 5 mm to 100 mm long.
In some embodiments, opening 2320 covers all or a portion of front housing 2318. For example, opening 2320 may cover a range of approximately 1% to 75% of the surface area of front housing 2318. In some embodiments, opening 2320 covers approximately 5% to 50% of the surface area of front housing 2318. In some embodiments, opening 2320 covers approximately 10% to 30% of the surface area of front housing 2318.
The configuration of insect trap 2310 may be adapted to self-activate and deliver carbon dioxide (CO2), which is known to attract some types of insects such as mosquitos.
Other configurations adapted to self-activate and deliver an insect-attracting substance or substances are contemplated.
An added benefit of insect trap 2310B is that trap portion 2314B may include a built-in life indicator. In some embodiments, light from the LEDs projecting through liquid 2366B may show a visible horizontal line through divider 2334B, corresponding to the amount of liquid 2366B remaining in rear enclosure 2348B and middle enclosure 2380B. In some embodiments, liquid 2366B may be tinted or colored to enhance the visibility of the horizontal line showing through divider 2334B. In some embodiments, markings on divider 2334B may indicate the position of the horizontal line showing through divider 2334B when liquid 2366B is fully depleted, thereby providing a visual cue indicating that trap portion 2314B should be removed and replaced with a fresh trap portion 2314B.
It should be appreciated that the principles described in this disclosure for attracting and trapping indoor flying insect pests are also beneficial for attracting and trapping indoor crawling and jumping arthropod pests. For example, while mosquitoes and flies have been described as being attracted to the disclosed insect traps, crawling or wingless insects such as cockroaches and crawling arthropod pests such as spiders may also be attracted by and trapped by the disclosed insect traps.
Circuit board 2450 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 2412 and into trap portion 2414, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, LEDs 2424 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 2414 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals. The addition of heat may also enhance the release of insect-attracting substances, including water vapor and carbon dioxide.
As shown, rim 2432 on front surface 2426 of base portion 2412 engages with trap portion 2414 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that allows trap portion 2414 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 2412.
In the operation of insect trap 2410, conductive prongs 2422 (not shown) are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and LEDs 2424 emit light, represented by arrows, which is transmitted through opening 2444 in base portion 2412 and into enclosure 2448, and directly onto the inside surface of housing 2418 and adhesive 2436 on top surface 2438 of bottom plate 2434. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 2412 and is emitted directly into trap portion 2414.
The inside surface of housing 2418 may include a concave shape and may be configured to reflect and disperse the UV and/or visible and/or IR light from LEDs 2424 to distribute the light evenly onto adhesive 2436 on top surface 2438 of bottom plate 2434 and through enclosure 2448 and out through opening 2420 of housing 2418, although the inside surface of housing 2418 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features to more evenly distribute the light, or may also have ribs or other features to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens or any other lens or combination of lenses (not shown) configured to distribute the UV and/or visible and/or IR light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto the inside surface of housing 2418, may be mounted to trap portion 2414 at or near opening 2442 or to base portion 2412 at or near opening 2444, and may replace or augment the role of the reflective-coated inside surface of housing 2418. In some embodiments, the light from LEDs 2424 may directly strike the adhesive 2436 on top surface 2438 of bottom plate 2434 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and be spread across the adhesive 2436, and may replace or augment the light-distributing role of the inside surface of housing 2418 or the lens or lenses mounted to trap portion 2414 or to base portion 2412. The light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of window 2440 in trap portion 2414, by adhesive 2436 on top surface 2438 of bottom plate 2434, or by a combination of the two.
Thereafter, a portion of the light entering enclosure 2448 continues through opening 2420 in housing 2418 and into the surrounding area where insect trap 2410 is installed. Insects are attracted to the light transmitted through opening 2420 and hop or crawl into opening 2420 and onto adhesive 2436, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 2420 in housing 2418. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 2414 without touching the trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 2414, and replace it with a new trap portion 2414. The new trap portion 2414 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 2410 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 2414 mounts beside, and not on top of or underneath base portion 2412, insect trap 2410 protrudes minimally from the floor and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 2410 is configured such that when placed on a floor, its overall height, defined by the overall distance insect trap 2410 protrudes from the floor, is smaller than its overall length and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 2410 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 2414. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 2414. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., the inside surface of housing 2418 and adhesive 2436). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 2436. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 2436 or within trap portion 2414, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
An insect trap 2410 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 2414 that may be removably mounted to base portion 2412, each trap portion 2414 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 2414, the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 2420 in housing 2418, and the scent or scents impregnated in housing 2418, bottom plate 2434, or adhesive 2436, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects.
For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 2414 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm long and 5 mm to 150 mm high. In some embodiments, trap portion 2414 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm long and 5 mm to 80 mm high. In some embodiments, trap portion 2414 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm long and 5 mm to 50 mm high.
In some embodiments, base portion 2412 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm long and 10 mm to 150 mm high. In some embodiments, base portion 2412 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm long and 10 mm to 80 mm high. In some embodiments, base portion 2412 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm long and 10 mm to 50 mm high.
Circuit board 2550 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 2512 and into trap portion 2514, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, LEDs 2524 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 2514 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals. The addition of heat may also enhance the release of insect-attracting substances, including water vapor and carbon dioxide.
As shown, rim 2532 on front surface 2526 of base portion 2512 engages with trap portion 2514 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that allows trap portion 2514 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 2512.
In the operation of insect trap 2510, conductive prongs 2522 are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and LEDs 2524 emit light, represented by arrows, which transmits through opening 2544 in base portion 2512 and opening 2542 in trap portion 2514 and into bottom enclosure 2528, and directly onto the bottom surface of divider 2546 and top surface 2538 of bottom plate 2534. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 2512 and is emitted directly into trap portion 2514. Top surface 2538 of bottom plate 2534 may be configured to reflect and disperse the light from LEDs 2524 to project the light evenly onto the bottom surface of divider 2546, although top surface 2538 of bottom plate 2534 may have a convex shape or a saddle shape or a combination of shapes, or may also have ribs or other features to more evenly distribute the light. Alternatively, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens (not shown) or any other lens or combination of lenses configured to distribute the light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) onto the bottom surface of divider 2546, may be mounted to trap portion 2514 at or near opening 2542 or to base portion 2512 at or near opening 2544, and may replace or augment the role of top surface 2538 of bottom plate 2534. In some embodiments, the light from LEDs 2524 may directly strike top surface 2538 of bottom plate 2534 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and be spread across top surface 2538, and may replace or augment the light-distributing role of the bottom surface of divider 2546 or the lens or lenses mounted to trap portion 2514 or to base portion 2512.
Thereafter, the light transmits through divider 2546 and adhesive 2536 and into top enclosure 2548. The light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of divider 2546, adhesive 2536, or by a combination of the two. A portion of the light entering top enclosure 2548 transmits through opening 2520 and into the surrounding area where insect trap 2510 is installed. Insects and other arthropod pests are attracted to the light transmitted through opening 2520, and hop or crawl into opening 2520 and onto adhesive 2536, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 2520. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user may easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 2514 without touching the trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 2514, and replace it with a new trap portion 2514. New trap portion 2514 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 2510 will continue to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 2514 mounts beside, and not on top of or underneath base portion 2512, insect trap 2510 protrudes minimally from the floor and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 2510 may be configured such that when placed on a floor, its overall height, defined by the overall distance insect trap 2510 protrudes from the floor, is smaller than its overall length and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 2510 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 2514. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 2514. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface of housing 2518 and adhesive 2536). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 2536. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 2536 or within trap portion 2514, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
Insect trap 2510 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 2514 that may be removably mounted to base portion 2512, each trap portion 2514 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 2514, the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 2520 in housing 2518 of trap portion 2514, and the scent or scents impregnated in housing 2518, bottom plate 2534, divider 2546 or adhesive 2536, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects.
For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 2514 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm long and 5 mm to 150 mm high. In some embodiments, trap portion 2514 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm long and 5 mm to 80 mm high. In some embodiments, trap portion 2514 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm long and 5 mm to 50 mm high.
In some embodiments, base portion 2512 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm long and 10 mm to 150 mm high. In some embodiments, base portion 2512 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm long and 10 mm to 80 mm high. In some embodiments, base portion 2512 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm long and 10 mm to 50 mm high.
It should be appreciated that insect trap 2510 may be adapted to attract and trap flying insects in addition to crawling and jumping arthropod pests.
It should also be appreciated that insect trap 2510A may be adapted to mount on a wall by plugging into an ordinary household wall electrical socket.
Circuit board 2650 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heating exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 2612 and into trap portion 2614, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, LEDs 2624 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 2614 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals. The addition of heat may also enhance the release of insect-attracting substances, including water vapor and carbon dioxide.
As shown, rim 2632 on front surface 2626 of base portion 2612 engages with trap portion 2614 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that allows trap portion 2614 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 2612.
In the operation of insect trap 2610, conductive prongs 2622 (not shown) are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and LEDs 2624 light, represented by arrows, which transmits through opening 2644 in base portion 2612 and opening 2642 in housing 2618, and into top enclosure 2648, and directly onto the inside surface of housing 2618 and top surface 2640 of divider 2646. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 2612 and is emitted directly into trap portion 2614. In some embodiments, the inside surface of housing 2618 is configured to reflect the light from LEDs 2624 to project the light onto and through top surface 2640 of divider 2646 and on into bottom enclosure 2628, although the inside surface of housing 2618 may also have ribs or other features (not shown) to more evenly distribute the light. Top surface 2640 of divider 2646 may be planar or convex or concave or be a combination of forms to more evenly distribute the light onto adhesive 2636. In some embodiments, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens (not shown) or any other lens or combination of lenses configured to distribute the light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) through divider 2646 and onto adhesive 2636, may be mounted to trap portion 2614 at or near opening 2642 in housing 2618 or to base portion 2612 at or near opening 2644, and may replace or augment the role of inside surface of housing 2618. The light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of divider 2646, the adhesive coating the inside surface of divider 2646, or by a combination of the two. In some embodiments, the light from LEDs 2624 may directly strike top surface 2640 of divider 2646 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and be spread across top surface 2640, and may replace or augment the light-distributing role of top surface 2640 of divider 2646 or of the lens or lenses mounted to trap portion 2614 or to base portion 2612.
Thereafter, a portion of the light entering bottom enclosure 2628 continues through opening 2652 in divider 2646 and its corresponding opening 2620 in housing 2618 and into the surrounding area where insect trap 2610 is installed. Insects and other arthropod pests are attracted to the light transmitted through opening 2652 in divider 2646 and its corresponding opening 2620 in housing 2618, and crawl through opening 2620 in housing 2618 and its corresponding opening 2652 in divider 2646 and onto adhesive 2636 on bottom plate 2634, where they become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 2620 in housing 2618 and its corresponding opening 2652 in divider 2646. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user can easily remove and discard entire used trap portion 2614 without touching the trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 2614, and replace it with a new trap portion 2614. New trap portion 2614 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 2610 continues to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 2614 mounts beside, and not on top of or underneath base portion 2612, insect trap 2610 protrudes minimally from the floor and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 2610 is configured such that when placed on a floor, its overall height, defined by the overall distance insect trap 2610 protrudes from the floor, is smaller than its overall length and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 2610 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 2614. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 2614. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface of housing 2618 and adhesive 2636). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 2636. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 2636 or within trap portion 2614, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
An insect trap 2610 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 2614 that may be removably mounted to base portion 2612, each trap portion 2614 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 2614, the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 2620 in housing 2618 of trap portion 2614, and the scent or scents impregnated in housing 2618, bottom plate 2634, divider 2646 or adhesive 2636, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects.
For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 2614 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm long and 5 mm to 150 mm high. In some embodiments, trap portion 2614 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm long and 5 mm to 80 mm high. In some embodiments, trap portion 2614 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm long and 5 mm to 50 mm high.
In some embodiments, base portion 2612 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm long and 10 mm to 150 mm high. In some embodiments, base portion 2612 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm long and 10 mm to 80 mm high. In some embodiments, base portion 2612 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm long and 10 mm to 50 mm high.
Trap portion 2714 includes a housing 2718 with at least one opening 2720 on its perimeter. Opening 2720 in housing 2718 may be configured to admit a wide variety of insects into insect trap 2710, or alternatively it may be configured to admit one or more specific insect species. In some embodiments, opening 2720 is configured to prevent the user's fingers from penetrating opening 2720 and inadvertently touching trapped insects or adhesive when removing and replacing trap portion 2714. In some embodiments, opening 2720 has a size and shape such that a sphere 25 mm in diameter cannot pass through opening 2720, and has a size and shape such that a sphere 1 mm in diameter can pass through any portion of opening 2720. Opening 2720 may be of uniform or of varying width, shape and orientation, and if trap portion 2714 has more than one opening 2720, they may be of identical or of differing widths, shapes and orientations. Opening 2720 may be configured to attract one or more individual insect species or a variety of insect species. In some embodiments, the inside surface (not shown) of housing 2718 has a reflective coating. Alternatively, the material of housing 2718 and the surface finish of the inside surface of housing 2718 may be configured to reflect and disperse light without a reflective coating on its inside surface. Trap portion 2714 includes a bottom plate 2734 with a top surface 2738, at least a portion of which is coated with an adhesive 2736. In some embodiments, the bottom surface (not shown) of bottom plate 2734 is planar or is planar at its perimeter and may be configured such that insects cannot crawl under insect trap 2710 when it is placed on a floor. Trap portion 2714 includes a divider 2746, comprised of transparent or translucent material and which includes a top surface 2740. In some embodiments, divider 2746 is coated on its inside surfaces with a transparent or translucent adhesive to provide additional insect trapping efficiency and capacity. Divider 2746 has at least one opening 2752 that corresponds to opening 2720 in housing 2718. Divider 2746 may be thermoformed from a transparent or translucent plastic that may allow for a low cost and disposability, although it may also be made by injection molding, and it may also be made of other transparent or translucent materials. Trap portion 2714 also includes a diffuser 2754, only half of which is shown in this view, made of transparent or translucent material with light-diffusing characteristics. Alternatively, diffuser 2754 may have a surface finish or surface features or a surface coating that provides light-diffusing characteristics to diffuser 2754. In some embodiments, diffuser 2754 is a strip of shect material that fits into a recess in divider 2746 and conforms to the shape of the surfaces of divider 2746 that it contacts. Alternatively, diffuser 2754 may be molded or thermoformed to shape. As shown, housing 2718 and divider 2746 form a top enclosure 2748, and divider 2746 and bottom plate 2734 form a bottom enclosure 2728. As shown, housing 2718 includes at least one opening 2742 that corresponds to opening 2744 in front surface 2726 of base portion 2712. In some embodiments, opening 2742 has a transparent or translucent window (not shown). In some embodiments, housing 2718 is thermoformed from opaque sheet plastic, creating a clean and aesthetically pleasing shape while maintaining low cost and disposability. Alternatively, they may be constructed of other opaque, transparent or translucent materials such as paper, paperboard, cardboard or paper pulp. In some embodiments, housing 2718 is constructed by injection molding or by other suitable manufacturing techniques. In some embodiments, housing 2718, divider 2746 and bottom plate 2734 are joined together where they intersect or engage with an adhesive, although they may also be joined together by other commonly used packaging assembly techniques such as ultrasonic welding or high frequency (HF) welding or by any other suitable assembly method. For example, housing 2718 and/or divider 2746 and/or bottom plate 2734 and/or adhesive 2736 may be impregnated with sorbitol, coleopteran attractants including brevicomin, dominicalure, frontalin, grandlure, ipsdienol, ipsenol, japonilure, lineatin, megatomoic acid, multistriatin, oryctalure, sulcatol, and trune-call, dipteran attractants including ceralure, cue-lure, latilure, medlure, moguchun, muscalure, and trimedlure, homopteran attractants including rescalure, lepidopteran attractants such as disparlure, straight chain lepidopteran pheromones including codlelure, gossyplure, hexalure, litlure, looplure, orfralure, and ostramone, and other insect attractants such as eugenol, methyl eugenol, and siglure, or other substances to provide a scent that may further increase the insect-attracting efficiency of insect trap 2710. Alternatively, the insect attractants may be embedded or contained in a separate piece (not shown) that may mount on an inside surface of divider 2746 or on outside surface of housing 2718 or through an opening in housing 2718. Alternatively, water may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances, as water vapor is a known mosquito attractant. Alternatively, other insect attractants such sugar solution, molasses, or honey may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. Alternatively, a combination of live yeast, sugar, and water, which can produce mosquito-attracting carbon dioxide, may be embedded or contained in the separate piece in addition to, or in place of, the one or more insect-attracting substances. It is desirable for such attractants to be detectable by an insect for approximately a 2-meter radius from insect trap 2710.
In some embodiments, base portion 2712 includes a circuit board 2750 having a programmable processor or chip (not shown) for executing commands, electrically connected to cord 2716, conductive prongs 2722 and LEDs 2724. For clarity, however, the electrical connections are not shown. Circuit board 2750 may also include electronic circuitry to receive ordinary household current, for example, from conductive prongs 2722 and provide power to illuminate LEDs 2724. Circuit board 2750 may include an energy stabilizer such as a full wave rectifier circuit or any other circuit that may provide steady voltage to LEDs 2724, although it may also provide a varying voltage to LEDs 2724 to provide a flickering light, which mimics movement that some insects find attractive. Circuit board 2750 may provide power to LEDs 2724 to provide both UV and/or visible and/or IR light, although it may be configured to provide power to only UV LEDs 2724 or to only visible light LEDs 2724 or to only IR LEDs 2724, or to provide variable power to produce combinations of flickering UV and/or visible and/or IR light. Circuit board 2750 may also be configured to drive a transmitter or transceiver such as a piezoelectric speaker (not shown) or other device that may be mounted in base portion 2712 to emit insect-attracting sounds or vibrations. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect sounds or vibrations to better attract insects, and may include one or more of insect call, reply, courtship and copulatory songs. In some embodiments, the transmitter or transceiver may emit recorded and/or generated insect-attracting sounds or vibrations such as the heartbeat of a mammal. For example, the transmitter or transceiver may emit an insect-attracting sound or sounds having a frequency in the range of approximately 0.5 Hz (e.g., the heart rate of large mammals) to approximately 240 KHz (e.g., the highest frequency detectable by insects). In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 5 Hz to 100 KHz. In some embodiments, the frequency is in the range of approximately 35 Hz to 50 Khz. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be detectable by an insect within approximately a 2-meter distance from insect trap 2710. It is desirable for such insect-attracting sound to be undetectable by a human beyond approximately a 1-meter distance from insect trap 2710.
Circuit board 2750 may also include one or more electrical elements (not shown), such as resistors (not shown) or resistance heating elements (not shown), or one or more heat exchanging elements (not shown) (e.g., elements using the Peltier effect and/or the Thomson effect to move heat to a specific region), or a combination of electrical elements that generate and/or move heat, which may transmit through base portion 2712 and into trap portion 2714, to attract some insect species, including fleas and mosquitoes. Alternatively, LEDs 2724 may generate heat, to replace or augment the heat generated by the one or more electrical elements. In general, the heat generated may increase and maintain the temperature of at least a portion of trap portion 2714 to between approximately 30 degrees C. and 45 degrees C., and to preferably between approximately 33 degrees C. and 42 degrees C., in order to mimic the skin and body temperatures of mammals. The addition of heat may also enhance the release of insect-attracting substances, including water vapor and carbon dioxide.
As shown, rim 2732 on front surface 2726 of base portion 2712 engages with trap portion 2714 to secure it in place during use, although any other form of attachment may be substituted that allows trap portion 2714 to be securely but removably mounted on base portion 2712.
In the operation of insect trap 2710, conductive prongs 2722 (not shown) are inserted into a wall electrical socket, and LEDs 2724 emit light, represented by arrows, which transmits through opening 2744 in base portion 2712 and opening 2742 in housing 2718, into top enclosure 2748, and directly onto diffuser 2754, top surface 2740 of divider 2746 and the inside surface of housing 2718. In some embodiments, light is not manipulated in base portion 2712 and is emitted directly into trap portion 2714. Diffuser 2754 transmits the light evenly through the corresponding surfaces of divider 2746 and into bottom enclosure 2728. In some embodiments, the inside surface of housing 2718 may be configured to reflect and disperse light from LEDs 2724 through divider 2746 into bottom enclosure 2728, and evenly onto adhesive 2736 coating top surface 2738 of bottom plate 2734, although the inside surface of housing 2718 may also have ribs or other features (not shown) to more evenly distribute the light. Top surface 2740 of divider 2746 may be planar or convex or concave or be a combination of forms to more evenly distribute the light onto adhesive 2736. In some embodiments, an optical enhancer such as an anamorphic lens (not shown) or any other lens or combination of lenses configured to distribute the light (e.g., evenly, according to specific patterns, at a focal point, etc.) through divider 2746 and onto adhesive 2736, may be mounted to trap portion 2714 at or near opening 2742 in housing 2718 or to base portion 2712 at or near opening 2744, and may replace or augment the role of the reflective-coated inside surface of housing 2718. The light may be further evenly distributed by the light-diffusing properties of divider 2746, the adhesive coating the inside surface of divider 2746, or by a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the light from LEDs 2724 may directly strike top surface 2740 of divider 2746 at an oblique angle (e.g., an acute angle from approximately 0° to) 90° and be spread across top surface 2740, and may replace or augment the light-distributing role of the top surface 2740 of divider 2746 or of the lens or lenses mounted to trap portion 2714 or to base portion 2712.
Thereafter, a portion of the light entering bottom enclosure 2728 continues through opening 2752 in divider 2746 and its corresponding opening 2720 in housing 2718 and into the surrounding area where insect trap 2710 is installed. Insects and other arthropod pests are attracted to the light from diffuser 2754 and from adhesive 2736 that transmits through opening 2752 in divider 2746 and its corresponding opening 2720 in housing 2718, and hop or crawl through opening 2720 in housing 2718 and its corresponding opening 2752 in divider 2746 and onto adhesive 2736, where they may become trapped. A user may observe trapped insects by looking through opening 2720 in housing 2718 and its corresponding opening 2752 in divider 2746. When a sufficient number of insects have been trapped, the user can easily remove and discard the entire used trap portion 2714 without touching trapped insects, insect debris or adhesive, which remain out of reach inside trap portion 2714, and replace it with a new trap portion 2714. New trap portion 2714 has fresh adhesive-coated surfaces, ensuring that insect trap 2710 continues to efficiently and effectively attract and trap insects.
In some embodiments, because trap portion 2714 mounts beside, and not on top of or underneath base portion 2712, insect trap 2710 protrudes minimally from the floor and therefore intrudes minimally into the home environment. In some embodiments, insect trap 2710 may be configured such that when placed on a floor, its overall height, defined by the overall distance insect trap 2710 protrudes from the floor, is smaller than its overall length and its overall width.
It should be appreciated that a benefit of insect trap 2710 is the manipulation of light within trap portion 2714. In some embodiments, light manipulation occurs solely within trap portion 2714. Light manipulation may include reflection, refraction, polarization, dispersion and/or diffusion and is achieved by engaging with a manipulative element or surface (e.g., inside surface of housing 2718 and adhesive 2736). In some embodiments, light manipulation produces an even distribution of light on adhesive 2736. In some embodiments, light is manipulated to produce a predetermined pattern on adhesive 2736 or within trap portion 2714, for example, an even distribution, an even distribution with hot spots of higher intensity, hot spot patterns, and/or combinations thereof.
Any suitable adhesive material may be used as part of an adhesive surface for trapping an insect. In some embodiments, pressure sensitive adhesives such as acrylics, butyl rubber, natural rubber, nitriles, silicones, styrene block copolymers, styrene-ethylene/propylene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, vinyl ethers may be used. Generally, the thickness of such adhesives will be in the range of approximately 0.01 mm to 1 mm. In some embodiments, the adhesive thickness is in the range of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm, with a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm being most often used.
An insect trap 2710 of this configuration may accommodate a variety of different trap portions 2714 that may be removably mounted to base portion 2712, each trap portion 2714 being uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects. For example, the overall size and shape of trap portion 2714, the size, shape, location and orientation of opening 2720 in housing 2718 of trap portion 2714, and the scent or scents impregnated in housing 2718, bottom plate 2734, divider 2746 or adhesive 2736, may be uniquely configured to attract and trap a specific species or multiple species of insects.
For example, in some embodiments, trap portion 2714 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 20 mm to 600 mm long and 5 mm to 150 mm high. In some embodiments, trap portion 2714 is approximately 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 20 mm to 200 mm long and 5 mm to 80 mm high. In some embodiments, trap portion 2714 is approximately 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 20 mm to 130 mm long and 5 mm to 50 mm high.
In some embodiments, base portion 2712 is approximately 20 mm to 600 mm wide, 10 mm to 150 mm long and 10 mm to 150 mm high. In some embodiments, base portion 2712 is 20 mm to 200 mm wide, 10 mm to 100 mm long and 10 mm to 80 mm high. In some embodiments, base portion 2712 is 20 mm to 130 mm wide, 10 mm to 50 mm long and 10 mm to 50 mm high.
Tab 2834 may have words or graphics printed, molded or formed on its front surface to show the user the tab locations when shutter 2830 is in the open and closed positions. As shown, the front surface of tab 2834 has the words “open” on the left and “closed” on the right. Alternatively, words or graphics indicating “in use” and “discard” may be present on tab 2834, or any word or graphic or combination of words and/or graphics to indicate the appropriate position of tab 2834. As shown, insect opening 2820 in front housing and insect opening 2832 in shutter 2830 is configured in a radiating pattern about pivot 2828, although insect opening 2820 and insect opening 2830 may have a variety of shapes, sizes and arrangements. In some embodiments, shutter 2830 may rotate about a protrusion in front housing, thereby eliminating the need for pivot 2828. Although shutter 2830 is shown opening and closing by rotating about a pivot substantially perpendicular to front surface 2816 of front housing 2818, it may also be configured to operate by pivoting on a vertical axis or on a horizontal axis, or by sliding horizontally or vertically without a pivot, or by any combination thereof. The user may close trap portion 2814 by sliding tab 2834 before removing and replacing trap portion 2814, thereby avoiding seeing or contacting dead insects while handling trap portion 2814.
It should be appreciated that insect trap 2810 may be adapted to open and close automatically without requiring additional action by the user.
As shown, top surface 2824A of base portion 2812A pushes tab 2834A to rotate shutter 2830 to open trap portion 2814A, and counterweight 2826A rotates shutter 2830A to close trap portion 2814A. However, other configurations may be contemplated that automatically open and close trap portion 2814A. In some embodiments, shutter 2830A may be configured to balance such that it rotates by its own weight to close trap portion 2814A, thereby eliminating the need for counterweight 2826A. In some embodiments, a spring (not shown) may rotate shutter 2830A to close trap portion 2814A, replacing counterweight 2826A. In some embodiments, a magnet (not shown) on shutter 2830A on the opposite side from tab 2834A may be attracted to a magnet (not shown) inside base portion 2812A and rotate shutter 2830A to open trap portion 2814A, thereby replacing the role of tab 2834A. Alternatively, a piece of ferrous metal on shutter 2830A on the opposite side from tab 2834A may be attracted to an electromagnet inside base portion 2812A and rotate shutter 2830A to open trap portion 2814A, thereby replacing the role of tab 2834A and offering the added benefit of opening trap portion 2814A only when insect trap 2810A is receiving electric power.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light to the trap portion, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith. In an embodiment, the first opening is configured to allow an insect to enter into the enclosure. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes a second opening, the second opening configured to allow light to emit from the enclosure. In an embodiment, within the base portion, the light is not manipulated. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes a third opening, the third opening configured to allow light to be received from base portion into the enclosure. In an embodiment, wherein the enclosure is configured to distribute the light in a predetermined pattern. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes: a front housing portion having a first internal surface; and a rear housing portion having a second internal surface, wherein the front housing portion and rear housing portion are matingly engaged with each other to form the enclosure; and wherein at least one of the first or second internal surfaces is configured to manipulate light. In an embodiment, at least one of the first or second internal surfaces includes an adhesive surface. In an embodiment, the rear housing portion has a concave surface, the concave surface configured to reflect light evenly within the enclosure. In an embodiment, light is transmitted through the adhesive surface, illuminating the adhesive surface to attract an insect to the adhesive surface. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes: a front housing portion having a first internal surface; a rear housing portion having a second internal surface; and a divider portion disposed at least partially between the front housing portion and rear housing portion, wherein the front housing portion and rear housing portion are matingly engaged with each other to form the enclosure; and wherein the divider portion divides the enclosure into a front enclosure portion and a rear enclosure portion. In an embodiment, the divider portion includes a rear surface including translucent material and includes a front surface including an adhesive surface. In an embodiment, the second internal surface of the rear housing portion includes a concave surface, the concave surface configured to reflect light onto the rear surface of the divider portion. In an embodiment, light is transmitted through the adhesive surface, illuminating the adhesive surface to attract an insect to the adhesive surface. In an embodiment, the rear surface of the divider portion is configured to receive the light from the second internal surface of the rear housing portion or directly from the lighting element. In an embodiment, the divider portion is configured to receive light at an oblique angle and spread across the divider portion. In an embodiment, the divider portion is configured to manipulate light. In an embodiment, the divider portion includes a planar or contoured shape, wherein the shape of the divider portion is configured to optimize light distribution. In an embodiment, the base portion includes a protrusion and wherein the trap portion includes a recess for receiving the protrusion, wherein when the protrusion is received by the trap portion, the base portion and trap portion are engaged. In an embodiment, the trap portion includes a protrusion and wherein the base portion includes a recess for receiving the protrusion, wherein when the protrusion is received by the base portion, the base portion and trap portion are engaged. In an embodiment, the trap portion includes a polymeric, fibrous, or carbon-based material. In an embodiment, the mounting portion includes an electrical plug having rigid conductors protruding substantially perpendicularly and directly from the rear surface of the mounting portion, wherein the conductors are insertable into an electrical power outlet. In an embodiment, the power source includes an electrical power outlet or a battery. In an embodiment, the lighting element includes a light emitting diode (LED). In an embodiment, the lighting element includes an ultraviolet (UV) LED and a blue LED. In an embodiment, the base portion includes an energy stabilizer configured to provide a constant voltage to the lighting element. In an embodiment, the energy stabilizer includes full rectifier circuit. In an embodiment, the base portion includes an opening, the opening configured to allow light to emit from the base portion to the trap portion. In an embodiment, the opening includes a transparent or translucent window. In an embodiment, the opening is proximate to the lighting element. In an embodiment, the trap portion includes an insect attractant. In an embodiment, the insect attractant is selected from the group consisting of: sorbitol, coleopteran attractants, dipteran attractants, homopteran attractants, lepidopteran, straight chain lepidopteran pheromones, eugenol, methyl cugenol, and siglure. In an embodiment, the coleopteran attractants include brevicomin, dominicalure, frontalin, grandlure, ipsdienol, ipsenol, japonilure, lineatin, megatomoic acid, multistriatin, oryctalure, sulcatol, and trune-call. In an embodiment, the dipteran attractants include ceralure, cue-lure, latilure, medlure, moguchun, muscalure, and trimedlure. In an embodiment, the homopteran attractants include rescalure. In an embodiment, the lepidopteran attractants include disparlure. In an embodiment, the straight chain lepidopteran pheromones include codlelure, gossyplure, hexalure, litlure, looplure, orfralure, and ostramone. In an embodiment, the insect attractant is integral to the enclosure. In an embodiment, the base portion includes a transmitter. In an embodiment, the transmitter includes a piezoelectric speaker configured to emit an insect-attracting sound. In an embodiment, the insect-attracting sound includes frequencies in the range of approximately 0.2 Hz to 240 KHz. In an embodiment, the base includes a switch, the switch configured to allow a user to control a property of the trap. In an embodiment, the property is selected from the group consisting of: power, light intensity, light wavelength or frequency, light flickering, light patterns, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the switch includes a mechanical switch, an optical switch, an electronic switch, an electromechanical switch, or a Hall effect sensor. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes a reflective surface. In an embodiment, the adhesive surface is proximate to the reflective surface. In an embodiment, the base portion includes a circuit configured to a varying voltage to the lighting element, wherein the lighting element provides intermittent light to the trap portion. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes an outer surface, the outer surface at least partially surrounded by sleeve that is configured to reduce the amount of light emitted by the enclosure. In an embodiment, the at least one of the first or second internal surfaces includes a textured surface, the textured surface configured to increase the surface area of the enclosure. In an embodiment, the textured surfaces include ribs extending at least a portion of the length of the first or second internal surfaces. In an embodiment, the at least one of the first or second internal surfaces include a textured surface, the textured surface configured to increase the surface area of the enclosure. In an embodiment, the textured surfaces include ribs extending at least a portion of the length of the first or second internal surfaces. In an embodiment, the trap further includes: a light conducting body located proximate to the second internal surface of the rear housing portion, the light conducting body having a front surface and a rear surface and the light conducting body configured to receive light from the base portion and distribute the light in a predetermined pattern in the enclosure. In an embodiment, the front surface of the light conducting body further includes an adhesive material. In an embodiment, the rear surface of the light reflecting body is configured to reduce the amount of light from being emitted in a predetermined direction. In an embodiment, the light conducting body is tapered, having a thicker depth at a portion proximate to the base portion and a thinner depth at an opposite end. In an embodiment, the rear surface of the light conducting body is configured to reflect light into the light conducting body. In an embodiment, light is reflected multiple times within the light conducting body before being emitted into the enclosure. In an embodiment, the rear surface includes a rear cover or a matte layer. In an embodiment, the base portion further includes an optical enhancer, the optical enhancer configured to direct the light into the trap portion in a predetermined pattern. In an embodiment, the optical enhancer includes a lens. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes an inner sleeve and the base portion includes an outer sleeve, the inner sleeve configured to align with the outer sleeve. In an embodiment, the outer sleeve includes a face plate having an opening. In an embodiment, the face plate opening corresponds to an enclosure opening, the openings providing an alignment means. In an embodiment, the inner sleeve is configured to be dropped into the outer sleeve. In an embodiment, the inner sleeve includes a tab for holding on to the inner sleeve. In an embodiment, the base portion includes a docking switch, the docking switch configured to activate the lighting element when the trap portion is correctly engaged with the base portion. In an embodiment, the trap portion includes a docking switch activator, the docking switch activator configured to activate the docking switch when the trap portion is correctly engaged with the base portion. In an embodiment, the docking switch includes a mechanical switch, an optical switch, an electronic switch, an electromechanical switch, or a Hall effect sensor.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including: an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect, and a lighting element at least partially contained within the enclosure, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light within the enclosure and wherein the lighting element is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; and a base portion configured to removably engage the trap portion and provide access to the power source. In an embodiment, the lighting element includes a plurality of electrical trap contacts and wherein the base portion includes a plurality of electrical base contacts, the trap contacts configured to communicate with the base contacts to provide power to the lighting element. In an embodiment, the base contacts are in communication with the power source. In an embodiment, the lighting element includes a light emitting diode (LED).
In an aspect, a removable insect trap cartridge is disclosed including: an enclosure defining the cartridge, the enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect, wherein the first opening is configured to allow an insect to enter the enclosure, and wherein the enclosure is configured to provide light in a predetermined pattern within the enclosure. In an embodiment, the enclosure further includes a lighting element. In an embodiment, the lighting element includes a light emitting diode (LED). In an embodiment, the lighting element includes an ultraviolet (UV) LED and a blue LED. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes: a front housing portion having a first internal surface; and a rear housing portion having a second internal surface, wherein the front housing portion and rear housing portion are matingly engaged with each other to form the enclosure; and wherein at least one of the first or second internal surfaces is configured to manipulate light. In an embodiment, at least one of the first or second internal surfaces includes an adhesive surface. In an embodiment, the rear housing portion has a concave surface, the concave surface configured to reflect light evenly within the enclosure. In an embodiment, light is transmitted through the adhesive surface, illuminating the adhesive surface to attract an insect to the adhesive surface. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes: a front housing portion having a first internal surface; a rear housing portion having a second internal surface; and a divider portion disposed at least partially between the front housing portion and rear housing portion, wherein the front housing portion and rear housing portion are matingly engaged with each other to form the enclosure; and wherein the divider portion divides the enclosure into a front enclosure portion and a rear enclosure portion. In an embodiment, the divider portion includes a rear surface having translucent material and includes a front surface having an adhesive surface. In an embodiment, the second internal surface of the rear housing portion includes a concave surface, the concave surface configured to reflect light onto the rear surface of the divider portion. In an embodiment, light is transmitted through the adhesive surface, illuminating the adhesive surface to attract an insect to the adhesive surface. In an embodiment, the rear surface of the divider portion is configured to receive the light from the second internal surface of the rear housing portion or directly from a lighting element. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes a bottom surface, the bottom surface configured to be removably received in a pluggable base. In an embodiment, wherein the enclosure includes biodegradable materials. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes an outer surface, the outer surface including a decorative element. In an embodiment, the decorative element includes a shape selected from the group consisting of: a flower, a plant, a shell, a company logo, a sports team logo, a football, a basketball, a soccer ball, a hockey puck, a football helmet or a hockey stick. In an embodiment, the trap portion includes an insect attractant. In an embodiment, the insect attractant is selected from the group consisting of: sorbitol, coleopteran attractants, dipteran attractants, homopteran attractants, lepidopteran, straight chain lepidopteran pheromones, cugenol, methyl eugenol, and siglure. In an embodiment, the insect attractant is detectable by an insect at a distance of approximately 2 meters from the cartridge. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes a textured surface, the textured surface configured to increase the surface area of the enclosure. In an embodiment, the textured surface includes ribs extending at least a portion of the length of the enclosure. In an embodiment, the cartridge further includes: a light conducting body located within the enclosure, the light conducting body configured to receive light and distribute the light in a predetermined pattern in the enclosure. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes an inner sleeve that is configured to be received into and aligned with an outer sleeve. In an embodiment, the outer sleeve includes a face plate having an opening. In an embodiment, the face plate opening corresponds to an enclosure opening, the openings providing an alignment means. In an embodiment, the inner sleeve includes a tab for holding on to the inner sleeve. In an embodiment, the cartridge includes a docking switch activator, the docking switch activator configured to activate a docking switch when the cartridge is correctly engaged with a base portion. In an embodiment, the docking switch activator includes a mechanical switch, an optical switch, an electronic switch, an electromechanical switch, or a Hall effect sensor.
In an aspect, a method is disclosed including: providing a base portion of an insect trap; providing a first trap portion of an insect trap, wherein the first trap portion includes an opening; mounting the first trap portion to the base portion; coupling the base portion to a power source to provide power to a lighting element, wherein the lighting element is within the base portion or first trap portion and wherein the lighting element is configured to attract an insect into the first trap portion; and receiving an insect into the first trap portion through the opening. In an embodiment, the method further includes: separating the first trap portion from the base portion; and disposing of the first trap portion, wherein the insect remains in the disposed first trap portion. In an embodiment, the first trap portion is disposed without the human contact with the insect in the first trap portion. In an embodiment, the first trap portion includes an adhesive surface and wherein the insect adheres to the adhesive surface. In an embodiment, the base portion includes a docking switch, wherein the docking switch is configured to activate the lighting element when the first trap portion is correctly mounted to the base portion. In an embodiment, upon separating the first trap portion from the base portion, the lighting element is powered off. In an embodiment, upon separating the first trap portion from the base portion, the lighting element is partially shielded from emitting light. In an embodiment, the method further includes: providing a second trap portion of an insect trap, wherein the second trap portion includes an opening; and mounting the second trap portion to the base portion. In an embodiment of the fourth aspect, the first insect trap and second insect trap have different configurations.
In an aspect, a docking apparatus is disclosed including: a docking structure configured to activate in response to a docking activator, the docking activator located on a separate piece configured to engage the docking structure, wherein the docking structure is in communication with a power source and is configured to control power to a lighting element. In an embodiment, the docking activator includes a surface, a protrusion, a tab or a magnet. In an embodiment, the docking structure is configured to close when the docking activator engages with it and is configured to open when the docking activator disengages from it. In an embodiment, the docking structure is configured to activate in response to pressure from the docking activator. In an embodiment, the docking structure is configured to activate in response to displacement from the docking activator.
In an aspect, a removable insect trap cartridge is disclosed including: an enclosure defining the cartridge, the enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect, and a docking activator, the docking activator configured to engage a docking structure in a mounting portion.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light to the trap portion in a primary direction, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith; and wherein the enclosure includes: a front housing portion having a first internal surface; a rear housing portion having a second internal surface; and a divider portion disposed at least partially between the front housing portion and rear housing portion, the divider portion configured to be at an acute angle in relation to the primary direction of the light. In an embodiment, the acute angle is from about 0 degrees to 45 degrees from a plane in the primary direction of the light. In an embodiment, the divider portion includes a rear surface including translucent material and includes a front surface including an adhesive surface. In an embodiment, the rear surface of the divider portion is configured to receive the light from the second internal surface of the rear housing portion or directly from the lighting element. In an embodiment, the divider portion is configured to receive light at an oblique angle and spread across the divider portion. In an embodiment, the divider portion is configured to manipulate light. In an embodiment, the second internal surface of the rear housing portion includes a concave surface, the concave surface configured to reflect light onto the rear surface of the divider portion. In an embodiment, light is transmitted through the adhesive surface, illuminating the adhesive surface to attract an insect to the adhesive surface. In an embodiment, the divider portion includes a planar or contoured shape, wherein the shape of the divider portion is configured to optimize light distribution.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light to the trap portion, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith; wherein the base portion includes a snap protrusion and wherein the trap portion includes a snap recess for receiving the snap protrusion, wherein when the snap protrusion is received by the trap portion, the base portion and trap portion are engaged in a snap fit, the snap fit configured to provide positive tactile or audible cue to a user that the trap is properly engaged. In an embodiment, the snap fit is engageable and disengageable by a force of less than about 50 Newtons. In an embodiment, the snap fit allows a user to engage or disengage the trap portion with the base portion using a single hand. In an embodiment of the second aspect, the base portion is configured to remain upright when placed on a horizontal surface. In an embodiment, the base portion includes a bottom flat surface or legs to enable base portion to remain upright.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light to the trap portion, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith; wherein the enclosure includes: a front housing portion having a first internal surface; and a rear housing portion having a second internal surface, the second internal surface including a transparent, translucent or opaque adhesive coating. In an embodiment, the second internal surface further includes a reflective coating under the adhesive coating. In an embodiment, the lighting element includes an ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diode (LED) or blue LED, and wherein the lighting element transmits light directly onto the adhesive coating of the rear housing portion.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element is configured to at least partially protrude into the trap portion from the base portion and provide light to the trap portion when engaged with the trap portion, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion. In an embodiment, the lighting element includes a fluorescent source, incandescent source, light emitting diode (LED), or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, trap portion further includes a sleeve configured to receive the lighting element protruding into the trap portion. In an embodiment, the sleeve includes a transparent, translucent, or opaque sleeve. In an embodiment, the sleeve includes an opening and a tapered section, the opening located proximate to the base portion, from which the lighting element protrudes. In an embodiment, the tapered section of the sleeve is configured to guide the lighting element into the sleeve. In an embodiment, the sleeve is constructed from a semi-rigid material sufficient to provide a protective covering for the lighting element. In an embodiment, the sleeve further includes an opaque coating, the opaque coating configured to prevent light from transmitting directly from lighting element into the trap portion. In an embodiment, trap portion further includes an opaque sleeve configured to receive the lighting element protruding into the trap portion. In an embodiment, the trap portion further includes a semi-rigid sleeve configured to receive the lighting element protruding into the trap portion and configured to guide the lighting element into the sleeve. In an embodiment, the sleeve includes plastic or metal wire mesh. In an embodiment, the sleeve is configured to prevent the lighting element from contacting the adhesive surface. In an embodiment, the lighting element is configured to emit light and wherein the sleeve is configured to transmit the emitted light into the enclosure and onto the adhesive surface. In an embodiment, the sleeve is further configured to diffuse light from lighting element.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light to the trap portion, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith; and wherein the trap is configured to be placed on top of a flat surface and receive crawling insects through the first opening in the enclosure. In an embodiment, the mounting portion includes an electrical cord in communication with an electrical plug having rigid conductors protruding substantially perpendicularly and directly from the plug, wherein the conductors are insertable into an electrical power outlet. In an embodiment, the trap portion includes a bottom plate having a top surface and a bottom surface. In an embodiment, the top surface of the bottom plate includes a transparent, translucent, or opaque adhesive coating. In an embodiment, the bottom surface of the bottom plate is configured to prevent insects from crawling under the trap when the trap is placed on top of a flat surface. In an embodiment, the bottom surface is planar or planar at its perimeter. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes: a top housing portion having a first internal surface; a bottom housing portion having a second internal surface; and a divider portion disposed at least partially between the top housing portion and bottom housing portion, wherein the top housing portion and bottom housing portion are matingly engaged with each other to form the enclosure; and wherein the divider portion divides the enclosure into a top enclosure portion and a bottom enclosure portion. In an embodiment, the second internal surface includes a portion of a bottom plate and includes a reflective coating. In an embodiment, the divider portion includes a top surface and a bottom surface, and wherein the top surface is at least partially coated with a transparent or translucent adhesive. In an embodiment, the first opening in the trap portion is located in the top enclosure portion and wherein insects become trapped to the adhesive on the divider portion. In an embodiment, the lighting element emits light, which is received into the top enclosure on the first internal surface of the housing and a top surface of the divider portion. In an embodiment, the divider portion includes a divider opening that corresponds to the first opening in the housing portion. In an embodiment, the second internal surface includes a portion of a bottom plate and includes an adhesive coating. In an embodiment, insects become trapped to the adhesive coating on the bottom plate after crawling through the first opening and divider opening. In an embodiment, the trap further includes a light-diffusing member located within the top enclosure portion, the light-diffusing member having light-diffusing characteristics. In an embodiment, the light-diffusing member includes a transparent or translucent material. In an embodiment, the light-diffusing member includes surface features that aid in light-diffusion. In an embodiment, the light-diffusing member includes a flexible sheet configured to conform to inner surfaces of the top enclosure portion. In an embodiment, the light-diffusing member is configured to be received by a recess in the divider portion. In an embodiment, the light-diffusing member is configured to transmit light evenly through the divider portion and into the bottom enclosure portion.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light to the trap portion, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith, and wherein the trap portion includes an insect attractant module having a removable cover. In an embodiment, the removable cover includes a pull tab and webbing and wherein the enclosure includes a tab slot for receiving the removable pull tab. In an embodiment, the insect attractant module includes a disposable cup, the disposable cup being covered by webbing until the pull tab is engaged. In an embodiment, engaging the pull tab includes pulling the pull tab at the tab slot until the webbing is separated from the cup. In an embodiment, the removable cover provides an airtight seal to the insect attractant module while it is intact. In an embodiment, the insect attractant module includes a carrier material and one or more insect attractants. In an embodiment, the carrier material and insect attractant is configured to release an insect-attracting scent for a predetermined period of time. In an embodiment, the predetermined period of time includes a week, a month, or up to three months. In an embodiment, the predetermined period of time includes the life of the trap. In an embodiment, the released insect-attracting scent changes over time. In an embodiment, a first insect-attracting scent is released for a first time period and wherein a second insect-attracting scent is released for a second time period. In an embodiment, a first insect-attracting scent is released for a first time period at a first concentration and wherein the first insect-attracting scent is released for a second time period at a second concentration. In an embodiment, the carrier material is configured to release one or more masking scents, the masking scents configured to mask the insect-attractants to humans and/or non-intended animals. In an embodiment, the trap further includes a heating element, the heating element configured to warm the insect attractant module and aid in the release of insect attractants. In an embodiment, the heating element includes a circuit board located within the base portion of the trap. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes: a front housing portion having a first internal surface; a rear housing portion having a second internal surface; and a divider portion disposed at least partially between the front housing portion and rear housing portion, wherein the divider portion divides the enclosure into a front enclosure portion and a rear enclosure portion, and wherein the insect attractant module is located in the rear housing portion. In an embodiment, the removable cover includes a pull tab and webbing and wherein the divider portion includes a slot and the front enclosure includes a tab slot for receiving the removable pull tab, the pull tab extending through the divider portion slot and front enclosure tab slot. In an embodiment, the divider portion and front housing portion includes a plurality of openings that allow insect attract from insect attractant module to be emitted from the trap.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light to the trap portion, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith, and wherein the trap portion includes an insect attractant module configured to automatically release an insect attractant when the trap portion is engaged with the base portion. In an embodiment, the insect attractant module includes a disposable cup, the disposable cup being covered by a penetrateable lid. In an embodiment, the base portion includes a punch configured to puncture the penetrateable lid and/or disposable cup.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light to the trap portion, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith, and wherein the trap includes a transmitter configured to emit insect-attracting sounds or vibrations. In an embodiment, the base portion includes a second opening, the second opening providing a mounting surface for the transmitter. In an embodiment, the transmitter includes an electromechanical actuator or a piezoelectric speaker. In an embodiment, the transmitter is configured to cause the trap to vibrate and amplify the insect-attracting sounds or vibrations. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes: a front housing portion having a first internal surface; a rear housing portion having a second internal surface; and a divider portion disposed at least partially between the front housing portion and rear housing portion, the divider portion having a front surface proximate to the front housing portion and a rear surface proximate to the rear housing portion; wherein the divider portion divides the enclosure into a front enclosure portion and a rear enclosure portion, and wherein the transmitter is connected to the rear surface of the divider portion. In an embodiment, the trap further includes a circuit board located within the base portion of the trap, the circuit board in electrical communication with the transmitter when the trap portion and base portion are engaged. In an embodiment, the transmitter includes an electromechanical actuator or a piezoelectric speaker. In an embodiment, the insect-emitting sounds or vibrations attract mosquitoes, midges, moths, or flies. In an embodiment, the insect-emitting sounds or vibrations include an insect call, reply, courtship or copulatory songs. In an embodiment, the circuit board is configured to send electrical pulses to the transmitter and configured to receive electrical response signals from the transmitter, the response signals indicative of insect volume within the trap. In an embodiment, the electrical response signals are partially caused by the insect volume stuck to the adhesive surface and in communication with the divider portion. In an embodiment, the electrical pulses cause the divider portion to vibrate, the vibration being affected by the insect volume stuck to the adhesive surface and in communication with the divider portion. In an embodiment, upon the insect volume reaching a predetermined threshold, the circuit board is configured to provide an audible or visual indication to a user. In an embodiment, the visual indication includes a light blinking or a predetermined light color illuminated. In an embodiment, the audible indication includes a tone or chime. In an embodiment, the front housing further includes a polarizing reflective bottom surface in the front enclosure. In an embodiment, the polarizing reflective surface mimics the surface of water. In an embodiment, the polarizing reflective surface includes ridges or subfeatures.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light to the trap portion, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; wherein the base portion includes an opening, the opening configured to allow light to emit from the base portion to the trap portion, wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith, and wherein a portion of the lighting element protrudes through the opening into the trap portion from the base portion and provides light to the trap portion when engaged with the trap portion. In an embodiment, the opening in the base portion includes a transparent or translucent window. In an embodiment, the opening in the base portion is configured to provide a mounting surface for a light detector. In an embodiment, the light detector includes a photosensor, photovoltaic cell, phototransistor, photoresistor, or photodiode. In an embodiment, the trap further includes: a circuit board located within the base portion of the trap, the circuit board in electrical communication with the lighting element and light detector when the trap portion and base portion are engaged. In an embodiment, the circuit board is configured to detect changes in the electrical properties of the light detector, the changes indicative of insect volume within the trap. In an embodiment, upon the insect volume reaching a predetermined threshold, the circuit board is configured to provide a visual indication to a user. In an embodiment, the visual indication includes a light blinking or a predetermined light color illuminated.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light to the trap portion, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith; and wherein the enclosure includes: a front housing portion having a first internal surface; a rear housing portion having a second internal surface; and a divider portion disposed at least partially between the front housing portion and rear housing portion, the divider portion including text or graphics configured to provide light and dark contrast areas for attracting insects. In an embodiment, the text or graphics is applied by printing, hot stamping, silk screening, embossing, engraving, or molding. In an embodiment of the tenth aspect, the text or graphics include fluorescent pigments that appear to glow when illuminated.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light to the trap portion, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith; and wherein the enclosure further includes an electroluminescent body or surface configured to receive light from the base portion and distribute the light in a predetermined pattern in the enclosure.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element includes an array of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and is configured to provide light to the trap portion, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith, and wherein the base portion includes a rear housing having a reflective surface, the reflective surface configured to act as a barrier in the rear direction to light emitted from the LEDs. In an embodiment, the base portion includes a transparent or translucent window, the window configured to allow light to emit from the base portion to the trap portion. In an embodiment, the window is further configured to protect the reflective surface of rear housing and LEDs from dust and debris.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element, a mounting portion and a docking switch, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light to the trap portion and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source, and; wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith, wherein the docking switch is configured to activate the lighting element when the trap portion is correctly engaged with the base portion and block light from the lighting element when the trap portion is not properly engaged with the base portion. In an embodiment, the base portion further including a screen, the screen configured to block at least a portion of light from the lighting element when screen is activated. In an embodiment, wherein the screen includes a liquid crystal display (LCD).
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light to the trap portion, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; and a first heating element in communication with the power source, wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith, and wherein the first heating element provides heat to at least a portion of the trap when the trap is engaged. In an embodiment, the first heating element is located on a circuit in the base portion. In an embodiment, the circuit is configured to supply a constant or intermittent voltage to the lighting element. In an embodiment, the first heating element includes at least one of resistors, resistance heating elements, or heat exchanging elements. In an embodiment, the first heating element maintains a temperature of at least approximately 30° C. in at least a portion of the trap. In an embodiment, the first heating element maintains a temperature of between approximately 30° C. and 45° C. in at least a portion of the trap. In an embodiment, the first heating element maintains a temperature of between approximately 33° C. and 42° C. in at least a portion of the trap. In an embodiment, the lighting element includes a second heating element, the second heating element configured to assist the first heating element in providing heat to the trap. In an embodiment of the first aspect, the lighting element includes one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs), incandescent light bulbs, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the lighting element includes a second heating element, the second heating element configured to replace the first heating element in providing heat to the trap. In an embodiment, the lighting element includes one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs), incandescent light bulbs, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes: a front housing portion having a first internal surface; and a rear housing portion having a second internal surface, wherein the front housing portion and rear housing portion are matingly engaged with each other to form the enclosure; and wherein at least one of the first or second internal surfaces is configured to manipulate light, and wherein the base portion includes: an opening, the opening configured to allow light to emit from the base portion to the enclosure such that the light diverges over substantially the second internal surface. In an embodiment, the opening is proximate to the lighting element and the light diverges in a predetermined pattern over the second internal surface. In an embodiment, the enclosure includes: a front housing portion having a first internal surface; a rear housing portion having a second internal surface; and a divider portion disposed at least partially between the front housing portion and rear housing portion, wherein the front housing portion and rear housing portion are matingly engaged with each other to form the enclosure; and wherein the divider portion divides the enclosure into a front enclosure portion and a rear enclosure portion, and wherein the base portion includes: an opening, the opening configured to allow light to emit from the base portion to the enclosure such that the light diverges over substantially the second internal surface. In an embodiment, the opening is proximate to the lighting element and the light diverges in a predetermined pattern over the second internal surface. In an embodiment, the trap portion includes an insect attractant. In an embodiment, the first heating element enhances the release of the insect attractant. In an embodiment, the insect attractant is selected from the group consisting of: water, water vapor, sugar, sugar solution, molasses, honey, yeast, insect-attracting scents, pheromones, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the first heating element enhances the release of water vapor. In an embodiment, the first heating element enhances the release of carbon dioxide.
In an aspect, an insect trap is disclosed including: a trap portion including an enclosure having an adhesive surface and a first opening, wherein the adhesive surface is at least partially contained within the enclosure and is configured to adhere to an insect; and a base portion including a lighting element and a mounting portion, wherein the lighting element is configured to provide light to the trap portion, and wherein the mounting portion is configured to communicate with and receive power from a power source; wherein the trap portion is configured to removably engage with the base portion and receive light from the base portion when engaged therewith, and wherein the trap portion includes an insect attractant module having a removable cover and one or more insect attractants, wherein at least one of the insect attracts includes water, water vapor, sugar, sugar solution, molasses, honey, yeast, insect-attracting scents, pheromones, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the removable cover includes a pull tab and webbing and wherein the enclosure includes a tab slot for receiving the removable pull tab. In an embodiment, the insect attractant module includes a container, the container being covered by webbing until the pull tab is engaged. In an embodiment, the insect attractant module further includes a carrier material inside the container. In an embodiment, the carrier material includes a solid, a liquid, a gel, or combinations thereof. In an embodiment, at least one insect attractant is embedded in the carrier material. In an embodiment, water or water vapor is embedded in the carrier material. In an embodiment, at least one insect attractant is located in the container. In an embodiment, the insect attractant is configured to release an insect-attracting scent for a predetermined period of time. In an embodiment, the predetermined period of time includes a week, a month, or up to three months. In an embodiment, the predetermined period of time includes the life of the trap. In an embodiment, the released insect-attracting scent changes over time. In an embodiment, a first insect-attracting scent is released for a first time period and wherein a second insect-attracting scent is released for a second time period. In an embodiment, a first insect-attracting scent is released for a first time period at a first concentration and wherein the first insect-attracting scent is released for a second time period at a second concentration. In an embodiment, the insect attractant module is configured to release one or more masking scents, the masking scents configured to mask the insect-attractants to humans and/or non-intended animals. In an embodiment, the trap further includes a heating element, the heating element configured to warm the insect attractant module and aid in the release of insect attractants. In an embodiment, the heating element includes a circuit component located within the base portion of the trap. In an embodiment, the heating element maintains a temperature of at least approximately 30° C. in at least a portion of the trap. In an embodiment, the heating element maintains a temperature of between approximately 30° C. and 45° C. in at least a portion of the trap. In an embodiment, the heating element maintains a temperature of between approximately 33° C. and 42° C. in at least a portion of the trap.
Insect traps disclosed herein may attract and trap insects effectively and efficiently. They may be less costly than existing traps. They may be small enough to fit wherever needed, and be conveniently movable from one location to another. They may protrude minimally when mounted on a wall. The removable and replaceable trap portions may be attractive in appearance, but also be inexpensive and disposable, and may be easy for the user to maintain without touching trapped insects or adhesive.
The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is to be understood that the description and drawings presented herein represent exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and are therefore representative of the subject matter, which is broadly contemplated by the present disclosure. It is further understood that the scope of the present disclosure fully encompasses other embodiments and that the scope of the present disclosure is accordingly limited by nothing other than the appended claim.
This application is a continuation of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/823,427 filed on Mar. 19, 2020, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/716,545 filed on Dec. 17, 2019, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,533,898, granted on Dec. 27, 2022, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/646,128 filed on Jul. 11, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,561,135, granted on Feb. 18, 2020, which is a continuation of PCT/US16/13007 filed on Jan. 12, 2016, which claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C. § 119 (e), of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/102,583 filed on Jan. 12, 2015, the entire disclosures of all of which are fully incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62102583 | Jan 2015 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16823427 | Mar 2020 | US |
| Child | 18670924 | US | |
| Parent | 16716545 | Dec 2019 | US |
| Child | 16823427 | US | |
| Parent | 15646128 | Jul 2017 | US |
| Child | 16716545 | US | |
| Parent | PCT/US16/13007 | Jan 2016 | WO |
| Child | 15646128 | US |
