Patent Grant
7261042
Not Applicable.
Not Applicable.
Not Applicable.
Not Applicable.
1. Field of the Invention (Technical Field):
The present invention relates insensitive munitions and methods of making same.
2. Description of Related Art
Note that the following discussion refers to a number of publications by author(s) and year of publication, and that due to recent publication dates certain publications are not to be considered as prior art vis-a-vis the present invention. Discussion of such publications herein is given for more complete background and is not to be construed as an admission that such publications are prior art for patentability determination purposes.
Many penetrator designs are able to achieve their penetration requirements with case walls not sufficiently thick to protect them from certain threats such as bullet and fragment impact and sympathetic detonation. Eliminating or reducing these threats are necessary to producing insensitive munitions (“IM”). However, it is impractical to make the case walls sufficiently thick to prevent detonation from unplanned stimuli. To reach IM goals in the current state of the art, protective barriers are included in shipping containers and reduced sensitivity explosives are employed. The addition of protective barriers in shipping containers imposes additional weight and cost, with no added value to munition performance.
For example, pumice has been employed as a sympathetic detonation barrier, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,160,468, entitled “Method for Preparing a Storage Container for Explosive Rounds” and U.S. Pat. No. 5,158,173, entitled “Weapons Storage Container to Prevent Sympathetic Detonation of Adjacent Weapons”, both to Halsey et al., which describe and cover the use of pumice as a tool for stopping sympathetic detonation of stored munitions. This technique is also described in Kandell et al., “Pumice as a Sympathetic Detonation Barrier”, 44th Annual Fuze Conference, National Defense Industrial Association (2000). Kandall et al. also describe the use of pumice as a sympathetic detonation barrier in “Development of a Sympathetic Detonation (SD) Barrier for JSOW and the Technological Aspects of Pumice as a Barrier to SD,” NATO IM Workshop, Oct. 1, 2003.
The present invention incorporates pumice within the munition itself by employing pumice inserts in a class of munitions known as “cased” or “shrouded”. The following references are representative of the state of the art with respect to shrouded munitions: U.S. Pat. No. 6,389,977, entitled “Shrouded Aerial Bomb”; U.S. Pat. No. 6,408,762, entitled “Clamp Assembly for Shrouded Aerial Bomb”; U.S. Patent No. D438,930, entitled “Shrouded Aerial Bomb”; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,374,744, entitled “Shrouded Bomb”; all to Schmacker et al.
The present invention is of a munition comprising: a warhead; a protective barrier comprising pumice at least partially surrounding the warhead; and a shroud surrounding the protective barrier. In the preferred embodiment, the shroud conforms substantially in shape and caliber to a preexisting munition type not comprising a shroud. The protective barrier preferably comprises pumice and epoxy (most preferably a mixture of Versamid 140 hardner and Epon 815 resin). Substantially no air exists between the warhead and the protective barrier, or between the protective barrier and the shroud.
The present invention is also of a protective barrier for a shrouded munition, the protective barrier comprising pumice and an interior surface conforming substantially to a shape of a warhead and an outer surface conforming substantially to a shape of an interior surface of a shroud of a shrouded munition. The protective barrier preferably additionally comprises an epoxy (most preferably a mixture of Versamid 140 hardner and Epon 815 resin). A thickness of from approximately ¼ inch to ⅜ inch is preferred.
The invention is further of a method of making a munition, comprising: at least partially surrounding a warhead with a protective barrier comprising pumice; and surrounding the protective barrier with a shroud. In the preferred embodiment, the shroud conforms substantially in shape and caliber to a preexisting munition type not comprising a shroud. The protective barrier preferably comprises pumice and epoxy (most preferably a mixture of Versamid 140 hardner and Epon 815 resin). After surround the warhead, substantially no air exists between the warhead and the protective barrier. After the surrounding the protective barrier step, substantially no air exists between the protective barrier and the shroud.
The invention is yet further of a method of making a protective barrier for a shrouded munition, comprising: forming the protective barrier from a material comprising pumice; substantially conforming an interior surface of the protective barrier to a shape of a warhead; and substantially conforming an outer surface of the protective barrier to a shape of an interior surface of a shroud of a shrouded munition. In the preferred embodiment, the material additionally comprises an epoxy (most preferably a mixture of Versamid 140 hardner and Epon 815 resin). The preferred thickness of the protective barrier is from approximately ¼ inch to ⅜ inch.
Objects, advantages and novel features, and further scope of applicability of the present invention will be set forth in part in the detailed description to follow, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form a part of the specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating one or more preferred embodiments of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
The present invention is of an insensitive munition (and method of making same) comprising a shrouded penetrator munition incorporating pumice surrounding the penetrator warhead. In a shrouded munition, the penetrator warhead is in effect sub-caliber, being enclosed by a larger case or shroud. This is typically done such that the outer contour is the same as an existing munition so that the aircraft carriage and flight aerodynamics are the same. There is typically an air space between the penetrator warhead and the shroud interior. The present invention replaces this air space with a material comprising pumice, preferably a combination of pumice and an epoxy material. Because the shroud is stripped off during penetration of a target prior to detonation, the pumice material is stripped away as well, allowing the penetrator munition to function with its intended effects.
Pumice is a porous rock produced as a result of volcanic activity, and is comprised mostly of silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3). Bulk densities may vary from approximately 0.55 to 1.20 gm/cc. The material is mined from the ground, and the aggregate is sieved to obtain various sizes. The Navy has found ⅜ inch size to perform well in container barriers. For the currently disclosed application to shrouded munitions, designs preferably utilize aggregate sizes between ¼ inch and ⅜ inch, depending on the specific geometry of the configuration. The material is held together by epoxy/binder mixtures, preferably Versamid 140 hardner and Epon 815 resin in a 50/50 ratio.
Current protection methods require thicker walls to the penetrator, at greatly increased weight, and/or incorporation of protective panels in shipping containers at extra cost and weight. Of course, employing protective panels offers no protection after removal of the munition from the container, creating an extra risk for example while the munition is loaded onto aircraft.
In the preferred embodiment as shown in the Figures, the shrouded munition 10 of the invention comprises interior penetrator warhead 12, protective barrier 14,14′,14″ (preferably comprising pumice, most preferably a combination of pumice and epoxy), and exterior shroud 16. While the protective barrier is shown having five pieces prior to assembly (one 14″ and two each of 14 and 14′), any number of pieces may be employed.
Although the invention has been described in detail with particular reference to these preferred embodiments, other embodiments can achieve the same results. Variations and modifications of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications and equivalents. The entire disclosures of all references, applications, patents, and publications cited above are hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2499440 | Wood | Mar 1950 | A |
| 2607294 | Lindman | Aug 1952 | A |
| 2797892 | Ryan | Jul 1957 | A |
| 4047967 | Majidzadeh et al. | Sep 1977 | A |
| 4109579 | Carter | Aug 1978 | A |
| 4732782 | Babcock et al. | Mar 1988 | A |
| 5158173 | Halsey et al. | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5160468 | Halsey | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5322562 | Ellenberger et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
| D438930 | Schmacker et al. | Mar 2001 | S |
| 6374744 | Schmacker et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6389977 | Schmacker et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6408762 | Schmacker et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
