Patent Application
20130092636
The invention relates to a filter unit for treating water, comprising: a first planar filter body; and at least one second planar filter body, wherein the first and the second filter bodies are arranged spaced apart from each other and delimit an intermediate space, and wherein each of the first and second filter bodies extends, with reference to a Cartesian coordinate system, over a considerably shorter distance along a first spatial axis than along the two remaining spatial axes, so that it has a layer thickness (ρ).
The invention further relates to a container for treating water.
The invention also relates to a use of a filter unit.
Although drinking water as taken from the local water network usually has a high quality in respect of its purity, it is not uncommon for it nevertheless to contain substances damaging to health, such as heavy metals or microorganisms. In order to remove these, various methods are known, for example the irradiation of the drinking water to be treated with UV radiation, which leads to an inactivation of the microorganisms. Furthermore, the use of activated carbon recommends itself, in order, for example, to remove microorganisms and heavy metals. An example of a treatment system for drinking water using activated carbon is shown in WO 2004/113232.
Activated carbon in the form of a granulate is frequently used in the containers mentioned at the outset. The water to be treated is put into the container, runs through the bed of granulated activated carbon and then leaves the container again. The granules have the property that their particle size can be selected such that an effective treatment of the drinking water becomes possible. The smaller the particles used, the better is the treatment. However, it is not possible to prevent a small part of the activated carbon particles from escaping from the container and ending up in the treated water, which is undesired. The extent of egress of particles increases with decreasing particle size.
Furthermore, U.S. Pat. No. 4,753,728 shows a altered, cylindrical filter body made of activated carbon, which is provided with an inner layer and an outer layer with different respective permeabilities. Due to the filter body's being sintered, egress of particles is prevented. However, the filter area is limited, so that the volume flow through the filter body is likewise limited.
In comparison with coarser particles, the use of smaller particles permits the same treatment performance while using less raw material; at the same time, the required installation volume in the container decreases. As also described in WO 2004/113232, the escape of fine particles can be reduced by the particles' being enveloped in a very fine-mesh fabric. However, finer particles cause a greater flow resistance, which is of disadvantage in particular in gravity-driven treatment systems. In particular, the time required to treat the drinking water thereby increases.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,308,703 discloses an assembly for adsorption, which comprises at least two sheet absorbents which are arranged in layers so as to form a space between the adjacent sheets, each of the sheet-like adsorbents comprising a heat-conductive sheet and at least one adsorbent sheet containing an adsorbing agent and is arranged on at least one surface of the heat-conductive sheet in contact therewith. The adsorbing sheet is a sintered body made of activated carbon with a density of not less than 0.4 g/cm3. The heat-conductive sheet is a metal sheet.
The fluid to be treated must flow past the sheet-like adsorbents, parallel to the latter. In particular where the spacing between the adjacent adsorbents is too large or the dimensions thereof parallel to the direction of flow are too small, complete treatment does not occur.
It is an object underlying the invention to provide a filter unit of the type mentioned at the outset with a relatively effective action and a relatively high volume flow under given pressure conditions.
According to a first aspect, the filter unit according to the invention is characterised in that flow can take place through the first and the second filter bodies along a path corresponding to the layer thickness.
This path is relatively short.
The volume flow {dot over (V)} through the filter unit can be defined as follows:
Here, k is the permeability, Δp is the pressure difference between the pressure of the water at the entry face and the exit face of the filter unit, A is the filter area and ρ is the layer thickness. The reciprocal of the permeability constitutes the flow resistance through the filter unit. The filter area A is that area through which the water to be treated flows.
The two variables permeability k and flow resistance
compare to one another analogously to electrical resistance and electrical conductivity.
The volume flow {dot over (V)} through the filter unit decreases with increasing layer thickness ρ of the filter unit, while Δp in the case of a gravity-driven system is determined by the hydrostatic conditions in the container. In the case of a pressure-driven system, Δp is determined, for example, by the flow pressure in the water conducts. It follows from the above equation that both a reduction in the flow resistance
and an enlargement of the filter area A and a reduction in the layer thickness ρ bring about an increase in the volume flow {dot over (V)} through the filter unit.
Here, “planar” is to be understood to mean a filter body which, with reference to a Cartesian coordinate system, extends over a considerably shorter distance along one spatial axis than along the two remaining spatial axes. In other words, the filter body has a low thickness or layer thickness and for example, can be shaped like a parallelepiped, a cube or a disc. The lower the layer thickness, the lower also is the flow resistance. Since the water to be treated consequently flows through the filter body along a relatively short path, the flow resistance can be kept low on account of the planar configuration; at the same time the filter area can be enlarged, so that the volume flow through the filter unit is increased.
In one embodiment, flow can take place through the first and the second filter body in the direction of the intermediate space along a path corresponding to the layer thickness.
The treated water therefore leaves the filter unit via the intermediate space. The water to be treated is supplied to the filter unit from two sides.
In one embodiment, the planar filter bodies are sintered filter bodies.
Sintering permits the production of stable filter bodies, which can also be manufactured in the shape of a plate. At least one of the filter bodies may consist essentially only of a sinterable material that is inert with respect to the water. Thus, a filter body can be manufactured with relatively fine pores. It can thereby take on a mechanical filtration function. Filter bodies with such small pores cannot be produced in an injection-moulding process or only with a very large effort.
In one embodiment, the filter unit is configured in the form of a sandwich structure.
The sandwich structure for treating water therefore comprises a first, in particular sintered, planar filter body and a second, in particular sintered, planar filter body, which are arranged spaced apart from each other and delimit an intermediate space. The sandwich structure can be produced before its installation in a container for treating water and subsequently be installed in the desired position. An outlet of this container can then be located in the intermediate space between the activated carbon filters, so that atmospheric pressure prevails here and a pressure gradient towards the intermediate space is generated. The water consequently flows in the direction of the intermediate space. In this configuration, too, the filter area is enlarged in that a unit volume of the water to be treated is able to flow through two filter bodies without the flow resistance increasing, which in turn further reduces the time required for the treatment.
The intermediate space can be an empty space which, for example, is produced by means of spacers, such that the two filter bodies are arranged at a defined distance to each other. This produces an effect, in particular during the production, since the two filter bodies do not come into contact with each other during sintering and are not adhered to each other.
In an embodiment, the sandwich structure comprises a cover layer for sealing off an end face of the filter body.
The end face or the end faces, depending on the geometric shape of the filter body, are those faces which represent the smaller areas in the planar configuration of the filter body. In order to ensure a largely uniform level of treatment, the time needed by the water to flow through the activated carbon filter must be as uniform as possible. If the water enters into the activated carbon filter through the end or the ends, it needs a different time than if it enters via the filter areas. The cover layer prevents the penetration of the water via the end face and ensures that the water enters only via the filter areas. Thus, a uniform level of treatment is established.
In one embodiment, the cover layer covers and seals off the intermediate space.
Were the water able to enter directly into the intermediate space, it would not be treated. The cover layer ensures that the water can only reach the intermediate space after it has flowed through the filter bodies and thereby been treated.
In an embodiment, a drainage layer is arranged in the intermediate space. In this way, it is possible to devise a sandwich structure, the stability of which is still higher than that of the embodiments described above. The layer thickness of the filter bodies can be reduced still further, whereby the raw material requirements decrease further. During the production of the sandwich structure, the drainage layer has the function of keeping the neighbouring filter bodies spaced apart. The drainage layer is formed from a material which on the one hand does not decompose during the sintering process and on the other hand does not lead to any appreciable increase in the flow resistance.
The drainage layer may be an empty space or a sheet structure. An empty space can be produced, for example, by means of spacers, such that the two filter bodies are arranged at a defined distance to each other.
In a variant of this embodiment, the drainage layer has a thickness, and the layer thickness is two to three times as large as the thickness.
This ratio of the thickness of the intermediate space to the layer thickness has proven to be effective on the one hand for the required treatment time of the water and on the other hand for the stability of the sandwich structure.
In an embodiment, the drainage layer is a sheet structure, in particular a textile sheet structure, more particularly a textile sheet structure made of a non-woven material, a knitted material or a woven material.
A sheet structure is to be understood to mean any structure that comprises fibres of any desired type. In particular, the sheet structure is a textile sheet structure made of a non-woven material, knitted material or woven material. The sheet structure may comprise polyester or consist of polyester. Both non-woven materials and knitted materials or woven materials can be produced cost-effectively and are distinguished by good chemical and mechanical stability, in particular if they are permanently moist. This applies to a particular extent to non-woven materials, knitted materials and woven materials made of polyester. Furthermore, non-woven materials, knitted materials and woven materials can be provided with good permeability, so that they do not generate a high flow resistance. Polyester is not decomposed during a sintering process.
In an embodiment, the sheet structure comprises fibres which are at least one of chemically and physically active. These may be activated carbon non-wovens or nano-aluminium fibres, which adsorb particles. Furthermore, fibres that treat the water chemically, for example in the form of ion exchange, may be provided. Thus, the drainage layer participates in the treatment process of the water, which can consequently be configured more effectively.
In an embodiment, at least one of the filter bodies is at least partly covered by a stabilisation covering.
This stabilisation covering may in particular be a on-woven or woven fabric covering, with which at least the filter faces are covered. The stabilisation covering is chosen such that it has high tensile strength. If the filter body is loaded by bending, the stabilisation covering absorbs the tensile forces that arise and reduces the risk of fracture of the filter body.
In an embodiment, the planar filter bodies comprise at least one material from the group comprising activated carbon and ion exchange material.
Such a planar filter body therefore comprises activated carbon or ion exchange material or a mixture thereof, or consists of activated carbon or ion-exchange material or a mixture thereof. Activated carbon has a very high active surface, on which undesired constituents of the water to be filtered can be adsorbed. Water softening can be performed with the aid of the ion-exchange material, for example. Both materials are amenable to sintering and thus to being crafted into filter bodies.
In an embodiment, at least one of the filter bodies has a permeability that varies within the filter body.
In a variant, the permeability varies along a first longitudinal axis of the filter body. A change in the permeability brings about a change in the time the water to be treated requires to pass through the filter body. The required time is a measure of the level of treatment of the water. Provided that an identical pressure acts on the filter body, the level of treatment is higher the longer the water needs to flow through the filter body. This embodiment is particularly suitable for arrangement in a container for treating water, which container has a second longitudinal axis, the first and second longitulongitudinal axes extending essentially in parallel to each other. In the case of gravity-driven containers, the planar filter body is arranged essentially vertically in its intended orientation, and the water to be treated flows through the filter body in an essentially horizontal direction. The containers of filter systems common in the trade typically extend further in the axial direction, that is to say, along the above-defined second longitudinal axis, than in the radial direction. If the second longitudinal axis of the container is aligned parallel to the effective direction of gravity, the hydrostatic pressure changes along the second longitudinal axis. If the first and second longitudinal axes extend in parallel to each other, the hydrostatic pressure changes in a corresponding way along the first longitudinal axis of the filter body. Consequently, different flow times through the filter body will be given rise to. By means of an appropriately adjusted permeability gradient along the first longitudinal axis, the flow time can be kept constant over the entire filter body. The permeability may be adjusted, for example, via the density of the filter body.
In an embodiment of the filter unit, the layer thickness of at least one of the filter bodies changes along a first longitudinal axis.
As already explained, in the case of gravity-driven containers, the hydrostatic pressure increases with the height of the water column that stands above the bottom wall of the container. If the planar filter body is installed vertically, the hydrostatic pressure changes along the first longitudinal axis of the filter body, so that different flow times would occur. As described above, the volume flow {dot over (V)} through the filter unit decreases with increasing layer thickness ρ of the filter body. By means of the varying layer thickness, the changing hydrostatic pressure can be taken into account. For example, the layer thickness may increase with increasing hydrostatic pressure. Alternatively, a layer thickness decreasing with hydrostatic pressure may also be provided. This can be of use if one wishes to empty the containers as far as possible after ending the treatment operation.
In an embodiment, at least one of the filter bodies is profiled. It may, for example, be provided with spherical protrusions or recesses. In this way, the filter surface is enlarged, such that an increased filtration volume flow can be achieved and the time for treating the water can be reduced.
In a variant, the filter body is profiled in a wave-shaped or saw tooth-shaped manner.
According to another aspect, the container according to the invention for treating water comprises at least one filter unit according to the invention.
The container may further comprise the following: a wall which delimits a container interior space, wherein the at least one filter unit for filtering the water is arranged in the container interior space and the container interior space is subdivided into a supply section and a discharge section; supply means for supplying the water to the supply section of the container interior space; and an outlet arranged at least partly in the wall of the container for carrying off the water out of the discharge section of the container interior space.
The outlet is located in the intermediate space between the filter bodies, so that atmospheric pressure prevails here and a pressure gradient towards the intermediate space is generated. Consequently, the water flows in the direction of the intermediate space. In this configuration, the filter area is again increased, in that a unit volume of the water to be treated can now flow through two or more filter bodies without the flow resistance increasing, which in turn further reduces the time required for the treatment. The intermediate space can be an empty space which, for example, is produced by means of spacers, so that the two filter bodies are arranged at a defined distance to each other. This produces an effect, in particular during the production, since the two filter bodies do not come into contact with each other during sintering and are not adhered to each other.
In an embodiment of the container, the supply section is filled with granulate.
This granulate may likewise consist of activated carbon or ion-exchange material or of another material suitable for water treatment, so that the water to be filtered is already subjected to a purification treatment in the supply section. The degree of treatment is thus increased. Arranging the granulate in the supply section also has the effect that the granulate cannot be discharged out of the container via the outlet, since it is held back by the filter unit. The granulate may be constituted such that it does not float on the water to be filtered.
In an embodiment of the container, the filter unit covers the outlet.
In particular if a cover layer for sealing off an end face of the filter body is provided, it is not necessary for any covering to be provided for the drainage section, since this is formed by the cover layer.
in an embodiment, recesses into which at least one of the filter bodies can be inserted are provided in the wall.
These recesses have a guiding and positioning function, so that they facilitate the insertion of the filter bodies into the container. Irrespective of the size and shape of the container, they can have the same dimensions, so that the filter bodies need be produced in only one size but are nevertheless insertable into different containers. For example, given an appropriate configuration of the recesses, a container extending conically can be fitted with a filter body that is not provided with a conical shape corresponding to that of the container. Thus, the flexibility of manufacturing of the containers according to the invention is increased.
In an embodiment of the container, a sealing layer is provided between the wall and at least one of the filter bodies.
This layer can on the one hand serve to attach the filter body to the container and on the other hand prevents the water to be treated from passing through between the wall and the filter body. This part would then not be treated. Consequently, the sealing layer has a sealing function and ensures the treatment of the whole of the water with which the container is charged.
In an embodiment, the outlet further comprises a channel extending through the container interior space, to which the at least one filter unit is attached, which channel has openings for carrying off the filtered water.
In this embodiment, the filter unit and the channel can be prefabricated and inserted into the container as a structural unit, which reduces the manufacturing and assembly effort.
An embodiment comprises a supporting unit, attachable to the channel and communicating with the openings for arranging the at least one filter unit in the container interior space.
The supporting unit simplifies the arrangement of the filter unit in the container interior space, so that manufacturing and assembly are simplified. Furthermore, the supporting unit and the channel can be produced in one piece, for example by means of an injection-moulding process.
In an embodiment, the container is configured as a cartridge.
The cartridge represents an embodiment of the container that comprises a holding means and sealing means. The cartridge can be inserted into a cup in which the filtered water is collected. The cup can have an outlet, with which the filtered water can be transferred conveniently and without pouring into, for example, a drinking vessel. The holding means permit the simple replacement of the cartridge, for example when the filter unit is exhausted. The sealing means prevents unfiltered water from reaching the cup.
In an embodiment, the filter bodies have a first longitudinal axis and the container has a second longitudinal axis, the first longitudinal axes and the second longitudinal axis extending essentially in parallel to each other.
In the case of gravity-driven containers, the planar filter body is arranged essentially vertically in their intended orientation, and the water to be treated flows through the filter body in an essentially horizontal direction. The containers of containers common in the trade typically extend further in the axial direction, that is to say, along the second longitudinal axis defined above, than in the radial direction. This arrangement of the planar filter body in the container has the effect that the water to be treated can be presented with a larger filter area, which leads to an increased filtration volume flow. The filter area is the area of the filter body through which the water flows. Thus, this arrangement of the filter body in the container ensures better utilisation of the installation volume present in the container and a reduction in the time required to treat the water.
“Essentially parallel to each other” is to be understood in this connection to mean that one aims from a manufacturing point of view to produce an appropriate alignment of the filter body with respect to the longitudinal axis of the containers, wherein a certain deviation is put up with. However, in another embodiment of the container, the first and the second longitudinal axis can deviate considerably from an orientation parallel to each other, wherein the water to be treated nevertheless flows through the filter body in an essentially horizontal direction and the container interior space is subdivided into a supply section and a discharge section by the filter unit.
In an embodiment, the filter bodies have a first longitudinal axis, and the container has a second longitudinal axis, wherein the first longitudinal axes extend essentially at right angles to the second longitudinal axis.
In the intended orientation of the gravity-driven container, an essentially horizontal orientation of the filter bodies thus results. In this embodiment, several filter units can be arranged one above the other, so that the whole of the height of the container interior space can be utilized, so that the available installation volume is utilized effectively and a large filter area is made available.
In an alternative embodiment of the container, the filter bodies have a first longitudinal axis and the container has a second longitudinal axis, wherein the first longitudinal axes and the second longitudinal axis enclose an angle between 0° and 90°.
Through the choice of angle α, the filter area can be enlarged, which leads to an increase in the volume flow through the filter unit. Consequently, the time needed to treat a unit volume decreases.
A further aspect of the present invention concerns the use of a filter unit according to the invention for treating water.
Furthermore, in accordance with a separate aspect, a container for treating water is disclosed below, comprising: a wall which delimits a container interior space, a filter unit for filtering the water, arranged in the container interior space, which subdivides the container interior space into a supply section and a discharge section; supply means for supplying the water to the supply section of the container interior space; and an outlet arranged at least partly in the wall of the container for carrying off the water out of the discharge section of the container interior space, wherein the filter unit comprises a planar filter body.
This container is characterised in that the supply section is filled with a granulate. It may optionally comprise a filter unit according to the invention.
The filter body may be sintered.
In the container, the planar filter body may comprise activated carbon or ion-exchange material or a mixture thereof or consist of activated carbon or ion-exchange material or a mixture thereof.
The filter body of the container may have a first longitudinal axis, and the container may have a second longitudinal axis, wherein the first longitudinal axis and the second longitudinal axis extend essentially in parallel to each other.
The planar filter body of the container may have a permeability, wherein the permeability varies within the filter body.
The filter unit may have a layer thickness, wherein, the layer thickness changes along the first longitudinal axis. In particular, the filter body may be profiled. More particularly, the filter body may be profiled in a wave-shaped or saw tooth-shaped manner.
The filter body may comprise two or more filter bodies spaced apart from one another, which delimit an intermediate space. In particular, a drainage layer may be arranged in the intermediate space.
The intermediate space may have a thickness, wherein the layer thickness is two to three times as large as the thickness.
The drainage layer may be a sheet structure, in particular a textile sheet structure made of a non-woven material, a knitted material or a woven material, wherein the sheet structure may comprise polyester or consist of polyester. In particular, the sheet structure may comprise chemically and/or physically active fibres.
Recesses, into which the filter body can be inserted, may be provided in the wall of the container.
Furthermore, a sealing layer may be applied between the wall and the filter body.
Optionally, the filter body comprises a stabilisation covering, with which it is at least partly covered.
In the container, a cover layer may be applied to seal off an end face of the filter body. In particular, the cover layer may cover and seal off the intermediate space.
In an embodiment of the container, the filter unit covers the outlet.
In an embodiment of the container, the filter unit comprises two or more filter bodies spaced apart from one another, and the filter bodies have a first longitudinal axis and the container has a second longitudinal axis, wherein the first longitudinal axis and the second longitudinal axis extend essentially at right angles to each other.
In the container, the filter unit may comprise two or more filter bodies spaced apart from one another, and the filter bodies may have a first longitudinal axis and the container may have a second longitudinal axis and enclose an angle, wherein the angle is between 0 and 90°.
Furthermore, the outlet may comprise a channel extending through the container interior space, to which channel the filter unit is attached and which is provided with openings for carrying off the filtered water.
The container may be provided with a support unit, attachable to the channel and communicating with the openings, for arranging the filter unit in the container interior space.
The container may also be configured as a cartridge.
The outlet may be arranged in the side wall, and the filter body may be arranged upstream of the outlet, wherein the first and the second longitudinal axes extend essentially in parallel to each other.
The invention will be described in detail on the basis of embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
The exemplary embodiment shown in
Furthermore, the container 101 comprises supply means 26, with the aid of which the untreated water is led into the supply section 22. In the simplest case, this is a covering which covers the discharge section 24 whilst leaving the supply section 22 open (cf.
Arranged in the discharge section 24 is an outlet 28, via which the treated water is able to leave the container 101. By definition, the outlet 28 should be part of the discharge section 24. The filter unit 20, which comprises a sintered, planar filter body 30, is fixed to the side wall 14 and the bottom wall 16 (cf.
For the treatment of water, the water to be treated is supplied to the container 10 in a suitable way. This can be done, for example, by means of a vessel which has an opening into which the container can be inserted (not illustrated). The supply means 26 ensure that the water to be treated can reach only the supply section 22 of the container interior space 18. The supply section 22 is filled with the water to be treated, so that a positive pressure is built up here, which ensures that the water flows through the filter unit 20, in this case the filter body 30. In addition to the end faces 33, the filter body 30 is provided with two filter areas 351 and 352, via which the water to be treated enters the filter body 30 and leaves it again. In the illustrated example, the water to be treated enters into the filter body 30 via the filter area 351 and leaves it via the filter area 352, so that the water to be treated flows through the filter body 30 essentially at right angles to the first longitudinal axis L1 thereof, whereby it is treated. After flowing through the filter body 30, the water passes into the discharge section 24 and then leaves the container 10 via the outlet 28. As explained above, the supply means 26 also covers the end face 33 of the filter body 30. This prevents that water to be treated is able to enter into the filter body 30 via the end face 33. The water to be treated can consequently enter into the filter body 30 only via the filter area 351, which leads to its having to cover a defined minimum distance through the filter body 30, whereby a mini mal level of treatment is ensured.
Furthermore, the container 103 comprises supply means 26, with the aid of which the untreated water is led into the supply section 22. This is a cover which covers the discharge section 24, whilst leaving the supply section 22 open. This cover 24 will be explained further below. The supply means 26 could also be configured as flexible tubes or funnels.
Arranged in the discharge section 24 is an outlet 28, via which the treated water is able to leave the container 103. By definition, the outlet 28 should be part of the discharge section 24. The filter unit 20 is fixed to the side wall 14 and the bottom wall 16 and sealed off with respect to them by a sealing layer 32. The sealing layer has both an adhesive and a sealing effect.
For the treatment of water, the water to be treated is supplied to the container 10 in a suitable way. This can be done, for example, by means of a vessel which has an opening into which the container can be inserted (not illustrated). The supply means 26 ensure that the water to be treated can reach only the supply section 22 of the container interior space 18. The supply section 22 is filled with the water to be treated, so that a positive pressure is built up here, which ensures that the water flows through the filter unit 20.
The exemplary embodiment of the container 103 illustrated in
As is apparent from
Furthermore, the filter bodies 304 and 302 illustrated in
The planar filter bodies 301 and 302 have a first longitudinal axis, and the container 103 has a second longitudinal axis. As is apparent from
Each of the filter bodies 301 and 302 has a layer thickness ρ. In a variant of the embodiment illustrated in
The exemplary embodiment of the container 104 illustrated in
A further exemplary embodiment of the container 105 is illustrated in
In the exemplary embodiment illustrated in
If water to be treated is now put into the container 106, then hydrostatic pressure acts on both filter bodies 301 and 302 of the sandwich structures 384 in the case of purely gravity-driven systems, an excess pressure in the case of pressureoperated systems. Since, as already described further above, atmospheric pressure prevails in the intermediate space between the two filter bodies 301 and 302, the water to be treated flows through the two filter bodies 301 and 302 to the drainage layer 36 due to the pressure difference, as indicated by the arrows, wherein it flows through the activated carbon body 302 in a direction counter to the effective direction of gravity.
In
In
In
In the example illustrated in
The first and the second longitudinal axis L1 and L2 enclose an angle α, which, in the example illustrated, is 90°. However, it is also possible to vary the angle α between 0 and 90°.
The flow through the sandwich structures 386 takes place in an essentially analogous way to that which was described for the exemplary embodiment described in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2010 029 405.5 | May 2010 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2011/058585 | 5/25/2011 | WO | 00 | 12/19/2012 |
