Patent Grant
8449689
This invention generally relates to a method of conditioning the surface of a work piece, in particular of a litho-strip or litho-sheet, consisting of an aluminum alloy.
Work pieces such as strips or sheets consisting of an aluminum alloy are often surface treated after finishing rolling to prepare them for the next manufacturing step. In particular strips or sheet for lithographic printing are conditioned to achieve a predetermined surface roughness in a subsequent graining process. Litho-strips or sheets are usually degreased after finishing rolling. As known from the US-patent specification U.S. Pat. No. 5,997,721, degreasing respectively cleaning of the surface is done in one step by anodising the aluminum alloy sheet with AC current in an acidic electrolyte bath. Another way to degrease or clean aluminum slivers is known from the German patent DE 43 17 815 C1 namely the use of an alkaline medium. But from the use of alkaline media it is known that they do not remove every features of the subsurface microcrystalline layer, in particular oxide particles, which are present on or near the surface of the rolled aluminum strips.
However, prior electro-chemical graining the litho-strips are usually subjected to sodium hydroxide in a pre-treatment to degrease and clean the surface again, which process together with the electro-chemical graining is herein further called surface roughening process of litho-strips. In principle surface roughening is done by the manufacture of lithographic printing plates. Due to the increasing manufacturing speed of surface roughening of the litho-strips time for the pre-treatment of the surface of the litho-strips and for the electro-chemical graining decreases. It has been found that due to the increasing manufacturing speed the pre-treatment with sodium hydroxide is not sufficient enough to remove all contaminants from the surface of the litho-strip. As a consequence, the results in electro-chemical graining are not stable and surface defects occur on electrochemically grained litho-strips or sheets. However, a reduction of the manufacturing speed causes higher production costs for lithographic printing plates.
Furthermore, methods of conditioning the surface of a litho-strip including two steps require relative high expenses related to facility equipments.
Hence, embodiments of the invention feature a method for conditioning the surface of a work piece and a work piece consisting of an aluminum alloy, which enable an increased manufacturing speed in surface roughening and maintain at the same time a high quality of the grained surface of the work piece with relative low effort related to facility equipment.
According to a first teaching of the present invention, a method of conditioning the surface of an aluminum work piece consisting of an aluminum alloy includes at least the step of degreasing the surface of the work piece with a degreasing medium, wherein the aqueous degreasing medium contains at least 1.5 to 3% by weight of a composite of 5-40% sodium tripolyphosphate, 3-10% sodium gluconate, 3-8% of a composite of non-ionic and anionic surfactants and optionally 0.5% to 70% soda, preferably 30-70% soda, wherein sodium hydroxide is added to the aqueous degreasing medium such that the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the aqueous degreasing medium is 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1.5% by weight, more preferably 1 to 2.5% by weight.
It has been surprisingly found that the combination of the use of the degreasing medium together with added sodium hydroxide ensures an increased manufacturing speed during surface roughening including electro-chemical graining with sufficient results despite of the fact that oxide particles are not removed completely during degreasing. The reason for the good results is seen in the fact that due to the addition of sodium hydroxide the degreasing medium has an increased pickling rate which removes more aluminum from the surface at the same time. In combination with the described pre-treatment of for example litho-strips it has been surprisingly found that the electro-chemical graining process of litho-strips can be done with a lower charge entry therefore enabling a higher manufacturing speed. While the addition of 0.1% to 1.5% by weight sodium hydroxide is suitable even for lower manufacturing speeds during degreasing, with the addition of 1% to 2.5% by weight sodium hydroxide highest manufacturing speeds during degreasing are achievable ensuring at the same time high manufacturing speeds during plate manufacturing, i.e. during electro-chemical graining. The optional addition of soda in an amount of 0.5-70%, preferably 30 to 70% by weight allows to control pH-value of the degreasing medium.
According to an embodiment of the invention the time of application of the degreasing medium to the surface of the aluminum work piece is at maximum 1 to 7 s, preferably at maximum 2 to 5 s. These application times ensure high production speeds at the same time ensuring that the oxide islands can easily be removed by surface roughening.
To increase pickling effect of the degreasing medium the temperature of the degreasing medium is 50 to 85° C., preferably 65° C. to 75° C.
In some embodiments, the pH-value of the aqueous degreasing medium is from 10 to 14, preferably 10 to 13.5.
According to a next advantageous embodiment, the work piece is a strip or a sheet, in particular a litho-strip or a litho-sheet. In this case the necessary electro-chemical graining process for manufacturing litho-strips or litho-sheets can be accomplished thoroughly within less time and the printing plate manufacturing speed can be increased. Furthermore, the charge entry needed can be reduced while providing a fully grained strip or sheet surface.
More preferably, the inventive conditioning method is accomplished subsequent the manufacturing of a strip, in particular a litho-strip, and the conditioned strip is reeled on a coil. In this case a coil of a conditioned litho-strip can be provided comprising an optimum performance in further surface roughening processes used to manufacture lithographic printing plates.
According to a second teaching of the present invention, a work piece consisting of an aluminum alloy is conditioned by the inventive method. As outlined before, the inventive work piece provides a cleaned surface with an optimum performance for a subsequent electro-chemical graining process.
More preferably, the work piece is a strip or a sheet, in particular a litho-strip or a litho-sheet. Litho-strip or sheets are produced for lithographic printing plates and differ from “normal” sheets due to the aluminum alloy they consist of and their specific thickness, which is typically less than 1 mm, preferably 0.14 to 0.5 mm, more preferably 0.25 to 0.3 mm. Furthermore, the surface of litho-strips and sheets has to be prepared for a roughening process, since manufacturing of lithographic printing plates generally comprises an electro-chemical graining process to prepare the surface of the lithographic printing plates for the printing process. With the inventive sheets or strips, in particular with the inventive litho-sheets or litho-strips, the necessary electro-chemical graining of the surface can be accomplished in shorter time with a reduced charge entry.
Beside an optimized surface of the inventive work piece the mechanical features and an improved graining structure during electro-chemical graining can be provided if the aluminum alloy of the work piece is one of the aluminum alloys AA1050, AA1100, AA3103 or AIMg0.5. These aluminum alloys provide the mechanical strength needed for lithographic printing plates while enabling due to the low amount of alloying constituents a homogeneous graining of the surface. However, work pieces consisting of other aluminum alloys may provide the same advantages.
According to a more preferably embodiment of the inventive work piece or method of conditioning a surface of the work piece, the aluminum alloy contains the following alloying constituents in percent by weight:
impurities each less than 0.005% in sum max. 0.15%, rest Al or
impurities each less than 0.005% in sum max. 0.15%, rest Al or
impurities each less than 0.005% in sum max. 0.15%, rest AI.
Work pieces consisting of one of the three aluminum alloys and conditioned with the inventive method have state of the art mechanical and graining properties, in particular if the work pieces are litho-strips which are grained electro-chemically after conditioning. It was surprisingly observed that in particular the latter aluminum alloys conditioned with the inventive conditioning method show a higher sensitivity in subsequent surface roughening processes. As a result despite of the inventive single step conditioning method, which reduces the expenses for the conditioning equipment significantly, an increase in plate manufacturing speed for litho-strips and sheets is achievable.
Other aspects, objectives and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Various embodiments of the invention exist. The description below describes embodiments with reference to the drawings. The drawings show in
While the invention will be described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, there is no intent to limit it to those embodiments. On the contrary, the intent is to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Preferred embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed by the invention unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
To verify the inventive method four strips made of two different aluminum alloys were tested on the one hand with different degreasing parameters and on the other with different strip velocities during electro-chemical graining on different plate manufacturing lines. The different aluminum alloys have the following compositions of alloying constituents in weight percent:
alloy A:
alloy B:
impurities each less than 0.005% in sum max. 0.15%, rest AI.
Litho-strips made from the aluminum alloys mentioned above where tested with regard to their graining behaviour on industrial plate manufacturing lines.
For the inventive examples the degreasing medium used contains at least 1.5 to 3% by weight of a composite of 5 to 40% sodium tripolyphosphate, 3 to 10% sodium gluconate, 30 to 70% soda and 3 to 8% of a composite of non-ionic and anionic surfactants, with an addition of sodium hydroxide in the amount of 1% by weight. The comparative examples were degreased with the same conditions without the addition of sodium hydroxide to the degreasing medium. The results of the examples are shown in table 1
with TDegr as the temperature during degreasing, tDegr the contact time of the degreasing medium with the strip surface and vGraining the velocity of the strips in the plate manufacturing lines, i.e. the velocity during electro-chemical graining. Strip 1 and 2 produced from one mother strip were tested on the same plate manufacturing line. The same applies to strip 3 and 4. The different values of vGraining for strip 1,2 and strip 3,4 are caused by different characteristics of the plate manufacturing lines.
As can be derived from table 1 the litho-strips degreased with the inventive method generally show a good appearance after electro-chemical graining even if the graining velocity was increased. However, litho-strips degreased with the inventive method show even better graining results, because the surface of the litho-strip grained with the inventive method have a finer, more homogeneous and more shallow graining structure. This graining structure provides improved printing characteristics of the inventive litho-strips. Additionally, the inventive method provides said improved graining structure even at higher manufacturing speeds, as can be derived from the results of strip 1 and strip 2. Strip 1 degreased conventionally shows merely good appearance results after electro-chemical graining at a graining velocity of 50 m/min. However, strip 2 degreased with the inventive method allows 55 m/min graining velocity.
The different graining structures of the conventional and inventive degreasing method are shown in
The present embodiments of the invention have been achieved by the addition of 1% per weight sodium hydroxide. It is expected that a higher concentration of sodium hydroxide combined with an decreased contact time of the strip with the degreasing medium will lead to similar results.
All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.
The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) is to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 06115002 | Jun 2006 | EP | regional |
This patent application is a Continuation of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/303,304 filed on Dec. 3, 2008, which is a National Phase Application of International Application No. PCT/EP2007/055586 filed on Jun. 6, 2007, which claims the benefit of and priority to European Patent Application EP 06 115 002.5, filed Jun. 6, 2006, the entire teachings and disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference thereto.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12303304 | US | |
| Child | 13617552 | US |
