Patent Grant
7300102
The present invention relates to an improved seating system, and more particularly to an improved system for automotive vehicle seating. The present invention also relates to improved automotive vehicle interior systems.
There is an ever-growing need for improved seating systems in automotive vehicles. The surge in popularity of hatchbacks, sport utility vehicles and minivans, has posed unique design challenges, in view of the need for seating to be adjustable and in many instances to restrain cargo carried toward the rear of the vehicle. In light of the increased consumer usage of these vehicles for stowage and transport of cargo along with passengers (particularly passengers in rear seats), manufacturers have turned their attention to improving the ability of the seating systems to withstand large loads.
One approach has been to develop improved systems for transmitting loads to the seat tracks of vehicle seating assemblies. A growing number of applications, however, employ attachment of seating components directly to the vehicle body in white for load distribution to the body in white. For the improved seat track technology to be viable in the latter applications, it would require substantial modification, which is believed would unduly complicate the manufacturing procedures, require the development of expensive new processing techniques, or add substantial weight to the vehicles. Accordingly, there is a need for an improved, readily manufactured seating system that is capable of meeting vehicle manufacturer design criteria and government standards for vehicles, and which can be efficiently and conveniently adapted for use in a variety of applications including those involving seat track load distribution, body in white load distribution or both.
In addition to having load bearing characteristics, it may be desirable for seating systems to include one or more additional functional features, ordinarily packaged elsewhere (e.g., in other locations of a vehicle). Examples of such features include ducts, vents, motors, electronic devices, entertainment devices, communications devices, other comfort, convenience or utilitarian features and the like. Accommodation of these features in conventional seats often poses difficulties given the limited packaging space available. Thus, there is also a need for a seating system that can integrate one or more comfort, convenience or other utilitarian features.
Examples of advantageous improved systems for seating are disclosed in commonly-owned and co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/766,792 (filed Jan. 22, 2001), and 60/312,874 (filed Aug. 15, 2001), and 60/335,430 (filed Oct. 31, 2001), the teachings of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein for all purposes.
The needs in the art are met by the automotive vehicle seating system of the present invention, which includes a plastic seat back having a first panel portion and an opposing second panel portion, optionally made separately from the first panel portion, and secured (e.g, with attachments such as welds, adhesives, mechanical joints, fasteners, tack-offs or the like) to the first panel portion. In a preferred embodiment, one or both of the first and second panels portions include one or more integrated reinforcement structures for providing strength to the seat back when assembled. Optionally, the invention also includes an assembly for receiving the seat back and securing it to the vehicle body in white. Advantageously, the seating system displays no fragmentation upon rapid acceleration up to about 20 to about 30 g, with at least a 36 kg mass placed behind the seat back. The system is easy to manufacture and will not add substantial weight to the vehicle as compared with other commercial seating systems.
Referring to
The employment of microcellular foam plastics is also contemplated within the scope of the present invention. In accordance therewith, a gas/polymer solution is formed, and the solution is rendered thermodynamically unstable in order to nucleate microvoids. The growth of nuclei is then controlled as desired.
It is possible to make one or more of the portions using art-disclosed techniques for the fabrication of the material selected. Thus, for example, one or more of the portions may be formed, molded, machined or otherwise configured to the desired shape. Where the portions are plastic, it is possible to use any suitable plastic fabrication technique including, without limitation, injection molding (including but not limited to external or internal gas injection molding), blow molding, compression molding, rotational molding, thermoforming, extruding, vacuum forming, foaming-in-place, or otherwise. Accordingly, as can be appreciated, in one embodiment, hybrid seat assemblies can be fabricated, thereby taking advantage of the benefits of different respective materials and different respective fabrication techniques, and also advantageously permitting for the ability to design additional features or otherwise package components into any space between the panel portions. In one embodiment, the first panel portion is a first material, and the second panel portion is a second material that is different from the first material. In another embodiment, the material is the same in both portions. In both of the above, the fabrication technique for each of the panel portions may be the same or different. By way of illustration, in one particularly preferred embodiment, the entire seat back is formed by blow molding. In another embodiment, an injection molded portion will be joined with another portion made with the same or a different technique. For example, different hybrid combinations might include:
In yet another preferred embodiment, a first material is injection molded to form the first portion, and a second material (which may be the same as or different from the first material) is injection molded to form the second portion. The first portion and the second portion are then secured to each other.
The first panel portion 14 optionally may be secured to the second panel portion 16 employing one or more joints 18 of any suitable structure; in some embodiments there may be no joint at all. In the embodiment shown, the joints 18 preferably are adhesive joints, however, other suitable attachments (e.g., as a result of a tack-off) may be employed in lieu of or in combination with the adhesive. One preferred adhesive joint will employ an adhesive in contact with the entire opposing joining surfaces of the respective panel portions (e.g., about substantially the entire periphery). However, another joint contemplates intermittent placement of the adhesive for contacting selected portions of the opposing joining surfaces (e.g., intermittently spaced about the periphery). In another embodiment, it may be possible to secure the panel portions together with a combination of attachments. For example, a mechanical interlock or interference joint, friction fit joint, a fastener, or a combination thereof might be employed in addition to or in place of adhesive. Examples of suitable joints which might be employed in accordance with the present invention can be found in commonly owned and copending U.S. application Ser. Nos. 09/825,721 and 09/826,477, hereby expressly incorporated by reference for all purposes. An example of one such mechanical interlock is illustrated in
An example of one preferred coating is a carbon-silica based plasma deposited coating as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,298,587; U.S. Pat. No. 5,320,875; U.S. Pat. No. 5,433,786 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,494,712 incorporated herein by reference. Other surface treatments might also be employed such as plasma surface treatment pursuant to art disclosed teachings as found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,837,958, incorporated herein by reference.
The seat back 12 may further include one or more integrated reinforcement structures 20 disposed between the first panel portion 14 and the second panel portion 16. A hinge assembly 22 might be employed for pivotally anchoring the seat back 12 to an automotive vehicle. The hinge assembly 22 includes a receiving portion 24 for securing the seat back to the hinge assembly, and a mounting portion 26 for securing the hinge assembly to the vehicle. A retention mechanism 28 is employed for maintaining the seat back in a generally upright position. The hinge assembly 22, retention mechanism 28 or a combination of the two effectively define an assembly for attaching the seat back 12 to the vehicle and anchoring it to one or more body in white portions of the vehicle.
As used herein, and illustrated in
The phrase “integrated reinforcement structure” shall refer to a location where, as shown in
By way of further reference to
Further, the present invention contemplates that reinforcing structures, fasteners, hooks, handles, or other utilitarian or ornamental features are insert molded in the plastic portion using art-disclosed insert molding techniques. For instance, a bright (e.g., chromed) bezel, a soft touch surface (e.g., textile or leather, padded or not) or other trim might be insert molded to be exposed on a surface of the portion. An identification badge (e.g., a logo or nameplate) might be insert molded as well. Tie downs, baggage hooks or the like might be molded to be exposed to view. Also, it is possible to include a reinforcement member (e.g., made of steel, magnesium, composite, foam, carbon fibre or otherwise) insert molded or otherwise fabricated or placed within the portion and not exposed to view.
Aspects of the disclosure herein have focused on seat backs that are constructed from plural portions that are joined together. Such aspects of the present invention are not intended to be limited to such structures. Rather, the subject matter herein may also find suitable application when employed in or with a seat back that is made from a blow-molding operation (such as by placement of an insert in the mold prior to molding, by defining tooling for achieving a certain blow molded structure or the like).
One preferred embodiment contemplates that at least one of the portions includes a suitable reinforcing structure that is molded integrally into the portion. Referring again to
The present invention contemplates the use of the present integrated reinforcement structures for imparting additional rigidity, toughness or impact resistance to a seat back assembly, or otherwise locally modifying the bending moment of a structure.
As indicated previously, preferably, the first panel portion 14 is secured to the second panel portion 16, to define one or more open internal spaces 56 between the panel portions 14, 16. Prior to, or during the time that the panel portions 14, 16 are secured together, one or more components may be packaged within the open spaces 56. Alternatively, the structure of a desired component might be actually molded into one or more of the panel portion, and the component is otherwise adapted to become functional upon installation into a vehicle. As a further alternative, the structure of the walls defining an open space may be such as to define yet another functional component.
By way of illustration, in one exemplary embodiment, a cross section of which is shown in
Though the above discusses integral formation of components, it is also possible that separately fabricated components may be made and assembled into the spaces between panels prior to securing the panels to each other. For example, a motor may be installed. A heating or cooling unit (e.g., a resistive unit, a thermoelectric device or the like) may be installed. A speaker for a sound system may be installed. Entertainment devices may be installed. A communications device may be installed. A global positioning sensor may be installed. Other like components may be installed as well (e.g., transducers, solenoids, sensors, air bag components, lighting, wiring harnesses, pumps, seat belt tensioners, seat belt retractors, seat belt webs, tethers, compass, thermometer, or the like). It is also possible to fill the space with sound deadening materials or other materials for reducing noise or vibration.
Additionally, in one embodiment, one or more of the seat back portions is configured to support, receive or define other components such as a picnic tray, tools (e.g., tire change kits), a tonneau cover, a ski rack, an arm rest, a foot rest, head rest, a recliner, flooring, cosmetic features, cargo nets/restraints, supportive hooks, opening and closing panels, assistive devices for persons with disabilities, adjustable features, papers (e.g., owner's manuals), map pockets, fluid or paper dispensing devices, cup holders, storage containers (e.g., expandable containers or non expandable containers) and the like.
In another embodiment a transparent opening is defined in the seat back. The opening may be hollow or it may be solid (e.g., a transparent plastic, such as polycarbonate, or glass window), for improving the visibility range for the vehicle operator.
Separately fabricated components may be supported within the seat back 12 using any several different techniques. In one example, one or more of the panels 14, 16 of the seat back 12 may be adapted to receive one or more fasteners or other attachments, which can support the modules. In this regard, it may be desirable to mold a boss or insert mold a nut, a stud, a bolt or the like into the panel portion. Alternatively, the first and second panels 14, 16 may be designed to frictionally engage the component, or otherwise nestably receive the component to contain it within one or more of the open spaces 56. In another embodiment the first panel 14, the second panel 16 or both are molded with the component within it. For instance, the component itself (e.g., an encapsulated component, such as an encapsulated electronic device) is an insert for insert molding.
Optionally, one or both of the panel portions 14, 16 may respectively include a flange that extends about at least a portion of its periphery, or some other structure for increasing surface area to which an adhesive may be applied. In
As an added advantage, the different forming techniques and particulary injection molding can allow the panel portions to be designed more easily to include contoured surfaces such that the seat back can be better fit within the vehicle and increase passenger and cargo space within a vehicle. Additionally, the techniques permit for the ability to add shoulder wings for accommodating wheel wells, or central disposed wings to meet above an arm rest or a center pass through door. Referring to
Attractive contours (symmetrical, assymetrical or a combination thereof) can also be molded onto the rearwardly disposed panel portion. Alternatively, the rear panel portion can be molded to include features intended to function when the seat is in a folded position. For instance in
It will be appreciated that in either the forward or rearward portion there can also be molded any of a variety of functional features as well, such as guide tracks for receiving additional components, cup holders, work or rest surfaces, or the like.
If employed, the adhesive used to join panel portions 14, 16 may be any suitable adhesive. Preferably it is a urethane based adhesive, and more preferably a urethane adhesive. Alternatively, the adhesive may include a functional component selected from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), or a mixture thereof (e.g. PC-ABS). In a further alternative embodiment the adhesive is a silane adhesive, a silicone adhesive or a mixture thereof. In yet another embodiment, the adhesive is an acrylic adhesive. The adhesive may be epoxy based. It may include polyolefinics, styrenics, acrylics or mixtures thereof. In yet another embodiment, a preferred adhesive includes alkyl borane. Examples of suitable adhesives are disclosed in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 09/466,321 (filed Dec. 17, 1999). Any such adhesive may include suitable performance modifiers including art disclosed tackifiers, elastomers, impact modifiers, or the like.
In addition to or as an alternative to the use of adhesive to join portions, other suitable joining techniques may be used, such as welding. Examples of suitable welding techniques include art-disclosed techniques of ultrasonic welding, linear vibration welding, orbital vibration welding, spin welding, hot plate welding, laser IRAM or combinations thereof. If welding is performed, preferably the plastics of each respective portion to be joined are related, sharing at least one common repeat unit. For instance, it may be possible to weld polycarbonate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polycarbonate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or possibly polycarbonate. Suitable systems for this type of joinder are available commercially from Branson Ultrasonics Corporation. Examples of such systems are also described, without limitation, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,855,706; 5,846,377; and 5,658,408, hereby incorporated by reference.
By way of summary, such techniques generally apply relatively high stresses to the parts (optionally supported on an anvil) being joined to induce hysteresis heating at the bond line. One or more resonators, for inducing high frequency vibrations of predetermined frequency are brought into engagement with the workpiece during the weld cycle. Responsive to resonance, energy is transmitted causing softening and flow of the thermoplastic material.
As discussed previously, integrated reinforcement structures may also be formed quite easily using the concepts of the present invention. Turning now in further detail to this aspect, assuming an x-y-z orthogonal coordinate system, the section and wall profiles may vary generally in at least one axis, e.g., in the z direction, to define individual integrated reinforcement structures. The section or wall profile might also vary in either or both of the x direction (i.e. cross car) or y direction (i.e. generally vertical in the seat's upright position) for an individual integrated reinforcement structure. In general the individual integrated reinforcement structures are made up of components that are vertically oriented (i.e. in the y-direction), horizontally oriented (i.e. in the x-direction), of a predetermined geometry, or a combination of some or all of these. A grouping of a plurality of individual integrated reinforcement structures constitutes an “integrated reinforcement structure pattern.” A seat back 12 may include one or more patterns 86.
The reinforcement structures of the seat back 12 may be formed in a variety of manners. Referring to
In design of the integrated reinforcement structure pattern, the location of the openings is preferably staggered to help reduce or eliminate hinge points. Further, where a plurality of vertically oriented integrated reinforcement structures is used in a pattern, the horizontal spacing (“×” in
One or more horizontally oriented integrated reinforcement structures might be incorporated in addition to or in lieu of vertical integrated reinforcement structures to help improve cross-car direction stiffness in a seat back. When employed with vertically oriented integrated reinforcement structures, the horizontally oriented integrated reinforcement structures 88 preferably are staggered between vertically oriented integrated reinforcement structures 90 or otherwise located to help reduce the likelihood they will serve as a hinge point. (See, e.g.,
The design and location of each integrated reinforcement structure 20 and pattern 86 fabricated in the seat back 12 may be optimized for each individual application, taking into account some or all of the following criteria. For each application, the skilled artisan will appreciate that the specific integrated reinforcement structure employed is configured to help minimize the bending or hinge effect caused by loads resulting from rapid deceleration or acceleration of a vehicle in the presence of a passenger or cargo behind a seat (e.g., that which experienced by a top mounted center shoulder belt, top mounted child seat anchors, and luggage intrusion). For instance, in one preferred embodiment, the integrated reinforcement structure and pattern selected generally is one that will position a portion of the integrated reinforcement structure having a higher bending moment in a position generally perpendicular to the torsional bending diagonal plane.
The use of integrated reinforcement structures is further illustrated in the following discussion, by reference to two of the more preferred locations for integrated reinforcement structures, specifically in the perimeter regions of a seat back and in the regions proximate hardware, such as seat belts, seat belt anchors, hinges, latching components or the like.
For a number of applications, it is particularly attractive to incorporate an integrated reinforcement structure around at least a portion of the perimeter 94 of the seat back 12 to help increase horizontal stiffness, vertical stiffness, or both in the perimeter regions of the seat back. With illustrative reference to
It is also preferable to form an integrated reinforcement structure in the vicinity of any latch strikers or latch members. In some applications, such as where the seat is intended to carry the load for a center belt, or a child seat tether, it may be desirable to modify, further reinforce or eliminate the top perimeter horizontally oriented integrated reinforcement structure to reduce the potential for hinge effect stress concentrator in that vicinity. By reference to
It should be recognized that the present invention advantageously also permits for insert molding of brackets or other hardware for securing the seat component to the vehicle.
In instances where a center passenger shoulder belt system is employed, or a top child seat tether is employed, optionally, design criteria is employed to help reduce the forward, downward and torsional or diagonal bending of the seat back that are caused by perimeter loads at or adjacent the shoulder belt or tether attachments. Preferably the integrated reinforcement structures will provide good vertical stiffness (as this is the plane that is anticipated to endure the more severe bending forces), as well as good torsional stiffness (responsive to the diagonal offset loads a passenger imparts to a shoulder belt system). In such instances, it is preferable to alternate geometries of the integrated reinforcement structures either in a random or predetermined pattern, or to maintain the integrated reinforcement structure width up to about 40 mm, and more preferably up to about 30 mm (e.g., about 5 to about 30 mm).
The employment of vertically oriented integrated reinforcement structures is particularly preferred in the load path for center belt loads and upper child seat tethers to help avoid vertical bending. Preferably, for these applications, the integrated reinforcement structure width (W) will vary up to about 50 mm and more preferably will be about 4 to about 40 mm, and still more preferably will be about 15 to about 25 mm. The vertically oriented integrated reinforcement structure length (LR) will vary between about 70 to about 95% of the vertical seat back height, and more preferably about 80 to about 90%.
It will be appreciated that the above design criteria are preferred but are not intended as limiting. Depending upon the particular applications, variations to the above may be made. Moreover, it should be appreciated that forming an integrated reinforcement structure need not occur in every application, and the need for and magnitude of such generally will be directly proportional relationship to the size of the seat back. Thus, for example, a smaller folding seat may not require a perimeter integrated reinforcement structure or it may only require it in limited areas.
Referring by way of illustration to FIGS. 1 and 4A-7D (and 24)(without limitation as to the other configurations, such as ones excluding a vertically oriented perimeter integrated reinforcement structure), for folding seat backs, the hinge assembly 22 of the present invention is provided in any suitable manner for assuring that the seat back remains anchored to the vehicle body in white in the event of a sudden or rapid acceleration, deceleration, or a large force is applied.
Though it is possible that locally reinforced structures integral with the seat back may be employed, in one preferred embodiment, it is contemplated that one or more hinge assemblies 22 are secured to the seat back 12 after fabrication of the seat back. The hinge assemblies 22 preferably include relatively tough and high strength to weight materials (such as plain carbon or alloy steels, or a comparable metal, composite or other material), and are configured for facilitating controlled deformation for transmitting loads.
The hinge assembly 22 thus includes a bracket portion 114 adapted for receiving or otherwise engaging the seat back 12, and a suitable pivot portion 116, that can be secured to a vehicle body or other mounting surface, hingedly anchoring the overall seat back assembly 10. In one preferred embodiment, the hinge assembly 22 (and any other anchorage system) is connected to an anchoring substrate, preferably the vehicle body-in-white or an associated structure that has a breaking strength equal to or greater than the breaking strength of the webbing of any seat belt assembly installed as original equipment at that seating position.
As generally shown in FIGS. 4A and 5-7D, the bracket portion 114 is adapted to receive the seat back in a nesting or mating type relationship, with the bracket portion acting as either or both of a male portion (e.g., if it is structured as a plate reinforcement member 110, or another such insert member as in
In one embodiment, the bracket portion is an elongate member, having a length of about 30 to about 300 mm, and a width of about 10 to about 75 mm. (See,
The hinge assembly is secured to the seat back 12 using any suitable joining technique. It may be mechanically fastened (e.g., by screws or shoulder bolts), adhesively fastened, insert molded, a combination thereof, or otherwise. In a particularly preferred embodiment, as illustrated in
As shown in
Referring to
It should be appreciated that the use of supplemental reinforcements is not limited to the regions adjacent the hinge assembly, but may be anywhere within the assembly. In this regard, a relatively rigid member, such as a metal (e.g., steel, magnesium, aluminum or the like), composite, unfoamed plastic, or foamed plastic (either prefoamed or foamed in situ) may be incorporated between walls of a seat back wherever localized reinforcement is sought. Without limitation, examples of suitable foams include polyurethanes, epoxies, styrenics, or the like. Softer foams may also be employed for noise and vibration absorption.
Generally, the hinge assembly 22 will result in a portion of the seat back 12 that is susceptible to function as a deformation site or stress concentrator in the event of a sudden or rapid acceleration or deceleration of the vehicle. As seen in
As will be appreciated, the brackets described above are particularly advantageously used in foldable seat applications such as found in rear seats of hatchback vehicles sedans or coupes. However, they may also be suitably employed in free standing seating assemblies, in which case they will be mounted to a pedestal or other structure associated with a seat track. They may also be used as front seat backs.
As discussed elsewhere herein, and referring now also to
It should be recognized that, though illustrated with reference to a two part seat back, the hinges, retention mechanism and other features disclosed herein may likewise be employed in a blow molded structure, as is taught (for example) in co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/766,792 (filed Jan. 22, 2001), incorporated by reference.
Retention mechanism configurations may vary application to application. However, once engaged, for a forward-facing seat preferably such mechanism preferably will not release or fail when a forward longitudinal force (Newtons), equal to the product of 9.8 and 20 times the mass of the hinged or folding portion of the seat (kilograms), is applied approximately through the center of gravity of the latched seat portion. Moreover, once engaged, the mechanism preferably also will not release or fail when subjected to an acceleration of about 20 g., in the longitudinal direction opposite to the seat folding direction.
One preferred retention mechanism is a latch assembly 150, as shown in
Illustrative alternative configurations are disclosed in
As illustrated in
It may be desirable to further reduce the potential for the retention mechanism to create a hinge point, by locally reinforcing the seat back in or adjacent the region to which the latch member is secured. This can be done in any suitable manner, for instance, by the incorporation of one or more integrated reinforcement structures in that region or by incorporation of an additional or supplemental metal, plastic or composite reinforcement member within the seat back, about the entirety or at least a portion of the perimeter of the seat back. For instance,
It will be appreciated that the use of a supplemental reinforcement member is not limited to the vicinity of the latch. One or more supplemental reinforcement members may be used elsewhere in the seat back. For instance, a hybrid seat back having a rigid supplemental reinforcement member may be placed between or outside of the seat back walls generally about the perimeter of the seat back.
With reference to
Referring to
As will be appreciated, proper material selection will permit efficient design and molding of optimal wall thicknesses, part section thicknesses or both, for achieving the desired performance without substantially increasing vehicle weight or intruding into interior space availability. By way of example, it is desired for many applications that the maximum wall stock thickness will range up to about 6 mm or higher, more preferably it will range from about 1 mm to about 4.0 mm, and still more preferably, it will range from about 2 mm to about 3 mm. Likewise, the maximum section thickness will range up to about 100 mm, more preferably it will range from about 10 mm to about 60 mm, and still more preferably it will range from about 20 to about 35 mm.
The materials selected for forming the walls of the seat backs of the present invention preferably exhibit an elastic modulus ranging from about 500 MPa to about 6000 Mpa, and more preferably about 1300 to about 3500 Mpa, and still more preferably about 1700 to about 2500 MPA. In applications when the seat back is also to be used as a load bearing floor, it is preferable to select a material toward the higher end of the ranges.
The preferred flexural modulus will be at least about 600 MPa, more preferably it will range from about 200 to about 500 ksi (1300 to about 3500 MPa), and still more preferably about 250 to about 350 ksi (1700 to about 2500 MPa).
The preferred yield strength of the material ranges from about 20 to about 200 Mpa. More preferably it will range from about 25 to about 70 MPa and still more preferably about 35 to about 55 Mpa. Moreover, the ductility (as measured by percent elongation) of the material preferably ranges from about 20% to about 150%, and more preferably it is at least about 30% and still more preferably, it is at least about 100%.
The material also will preferably exhibit attractive processing characteristics, such as a melt flow rate (230° C./3.8 kg-I; according to ASTM D1238) of about 0.300 to about 5.0 g/10 min to about 0.900 to about 3 g/10 min; a softening point (according to ASTM D1525) of less than about 180° C., and more preferably about 90° C. to about 150° C.; linear-flow mold shrink (according to ASTM D 955) of about 0.076 mm/mm (0.003 in/in) about 0.203 mm/mm (0.008 in/in) and more preferably about 0.152 mm/mm (0.006 in/in) to about 0.178 mm/mm (0.007 in/in); or a combination of these properties.
Accordingly, in one preferred embodiment, the seat back of the present invention preferably is made from a plastic material, and more preferably a thermoplastic material. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the seat back is made from a high strength thermoplastic resin selected from styrenics, polyamides, polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyesters or mixtures thereof. Still more preferably they are selected from the group consisting of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polycarbonate/acrylonitrile/butadiene styrene, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide/polystyrene, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene ether, syndiotactic polystyrene, ethylene alpha olefin, polybutylene terephthalate/polycarbonate, polyamide (e.g., nylon), polyesters, polypropylene, polyethylene, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of preferred commercially available materials include PULSE® 2200 BG or 2000 EZ and MAGNUM® 1150 EM, both available from The Dow Chemical Company.
As indicated previously, another advantage of the present invention is that the first portion and the second portion may be either the same material or a different material. In this regard, either or both of the materials may be a thermoset or a thermoplastic material. Preferably, both materials are thermoplastics selected from the above-identified materials.
By way of particular example, without limitation, in one embodiment a seat back is fabricated having a first portion, that is to be forward facing upon installation in an automotive vehicle. The seat back also has a second portion that is to be rearward facing upon installation into the vehicle. The first portion is injection molded to include ribs, gussets or another type of integrated reinforcement structure. Preferably the first portion includes polycarbonate/acrylonitrile/butadiene styrene (e.g., PULSE® 2000 EZ from The Dow Chemical Company). The second portion is either injection molded, blow molded or thermoformed from an olefinic material, preferably a high density olefin, such as high density polyethylene (HDPE).
In another embodiment it is contemplated that a laminate or blend of at least two different plastic materials is provided for forming at least one of the portions. This may be accomplished in any of a number of different ways. For example, in one embodiment, a coextrusion of two or more different materials is provided and then it is subject to a further processing step, such as thermoforming.
In another embodiment, suitable for forming any of the components or assemblies of the present invention, a parison is provided for blow molding. The parison includes a first material at least partially encapsulated in a second material. Upon blow molding, adjoining layers of each of the materials are formed. Such a parison may be formed using any suitable art disclosed technique. One possible approach to such technique is illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,431 (Issued Oct. 19, 1999; Ang et al.).
A parison is preferably extruded of one or more inner and outer layers of different plastics, e.g., recyclable plastics from the same family. During blow molding, the layers of the plastics will join at their respective interfaces. A support substrate can be formed from the inner layer(s), with a suitable show surface on the outermost layer. For example, the outermost layer may be a relatively soft or flexible material with a relatively rigid underlying layer. The characteristics of the outer and inner layers may be the same or different with respect to a wide range of properties including but not limited to strength, rigidity, tactile feel, porosity (e.g., one or both may foam to different densities), melting point, resistivity, conductivity, or otherwise.
While the technology of the present invention has been illustrated in connection with certain fabrication processes, it is not intended to be limited to such processes. Like results may be attainable using the teachings of the present invention in combination with other fabrication techniques, including but not limited to injection molding, lost core processing, rotoforming, compression molding (with or without decorative or structural inserts), thermoforming, or the like.
As will be appreciated from the above, preferred seating systems that are optimized in accordance with the criteria outlined herein, and using the referenced materials, consistently should pass United States and European government test standards for motor vehicles (e.g., as addressed in FMVSS 207, FMVSS 210, FMVSS 225 (49 CFR 571.207,.210, .225) or ECE 17; all such standards being expressly incorporated by reference herein) as well as the requirements of automobile original equipment manufacturers and their suppliers.
In one embodiment, the seating system (1) is capable of withstanding without rupture at least about 11000 Newtons in the direction in which the seat faces in a plane, parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle; (2) exhibits, upon rapid acceleration up to at least about 20 g, substantially no fragmentation of the seat back with at least a 30 kg mass placed behind the seat back; or (3) both (1) and (2).
More preferably, the seating system (1) is capable of withstanding without rupture at least about 13000 Newtons in the direction in which the seat faces in a plane, parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle; (2) exhibits, upon rapid acceleration of about 20 to about 30 g, substantially no fragmentation of the seat back with at least a 36 kg mass placed behind the seat back; or (3) both (1) and (2).
Though not intended to be limited thereby, in one embodiment, the seats, the anchorages, attachment hardware, and attachment bolts for the systems of the present invention are capable of withstanding without complete rupture at least a 3000 pound force and more preferably a 5,000 pound force. In one particularly preferred embodiment, the system is capable of withstanding a force of at least about 13,000 N to about 22,000 N generally in the direction in which the seat faces (to a pelvic body block)in a plane parallel to the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle, with an initial force application angle of not less than about 5 degrees or more than about 15 degrees above the horizontal. Still more preferably, the system withstands such force even when applied at an onset rate of not more than about 133,000 N per second to about 222,000 N per second, whereby the force is attained in not more than about 30 seconds and is maintained for about 10 seconds.
In yet another embodiment, each seat assembly is capable of withstanding
In yet another highly preferred embodiment, the seatback of the present invention is incorporated into a seat assembly, and two 18 kg masses (e.g., cubes with an edge length of about 300 mm) are placed about 200 mm from the seat back. Upon rapid acceleration to at least about 20 to about 30 g, the seatback maintains the cargo disposed behind the seat back, with no visible fragmenting of the seat back or formation of sharp edges or corners.
Advantageously, in one additional preferred embodiment, the seat backs made in accordance with the present invention are capable of exhibiting a set less than 6 mm after soaking for about 4 hours at about 82° C. with an applied load of about 244 kg/m2 and a momentary load of about 615 kg/m2.
The stiffness, impact strength, and crack resistance of this seat back also will be greater than conventionally fabricated current blow molded polyethylene, filled polyethylene, polypropylene, or filled polypropylene seat backs.
The present invention contemplates techniques and methods for the optimization of one or more of material selection, wall thickness, section thickness, hinge design, and latch design, for realizing the desired stiffness and strength to meet traditionally demanding load requirements in automotive vehicles occasioned of center mounted shoulder belt loads, child seat anchor loads, or cargo intrusion. The skilled artisan will recognize, however, that from application to application, design requirements will vary, and therefore a reasonable amount of experimentation may be needed to adapt the various teachings to the unique intended environment. By way of example, part size, seat belt location, hinge points, latch locations, and split ratio may affect final design. It is believed that the use of conventional computer aided engineering (CAE) techniques in combination with the present teachings will yield satisfactory results, which can be improved as desired with conventional techniques for localized steel reinforcement (e.g., in high stress areas, such as hinge points, latch areas, seat belt mounting areas, and armrest support areas).
Thus, the present invention finds useful application in connection with any of a number of different types of seating systems, including but not limited to, adjustable seats, fixed position seats, foldable seats, seats pivotal about an axis, including but not limited to hinged seats. The seats may be vehicle rear seats, vehicle front seats, third row seats, jump seats or the like. As already indicated, in another particularly preferred embodiment, vehicle front seat backs are assembled in accordance with the above teachings. Moveable seats may be held in place by latches disposed in the central portion of the seating configuration (e.g., at the top), along the seat sides (anywhere from the top to the bottom), or elsewhere. Fixed seats may include no latch assembly nor any assembly. The seating system may include one or more rear seats that fold downward to a larger storage area, and which may require the seat back to act as load floor. The seat may be a split design (e.g., about 50/50, 60/40, 70/30 or the like), or the seats may constitute a one piece design. In one embodiment, the seat back is latched to either a structural package shelf (top latches) or to the body in white (side outboard latches), and seat belt anchors or seat belt guidance system (as may be needed for a center mounted belt) for the two outboard seats is not attached on the seat. (See
A sliding lock pin might be incorporated between two folding seats. The sliding pin can be unlocked to fold down one portion of the seat and self locking when the seat backs are both upright. Localized reinforcement (e.g., steel reinforcement or plastic foam) for spreading loads may be incorporated into potential stress concentration locations, such as hinge points, latch areas, seat belt anchorage locations, child seat tether anchor locations, head rest attachments, armrest support areas, or the like.
In another embodiment, seat belt anchors or a seat belt guidance system for the center seat belt and/or child tether anchors are attached to the seat. Preferably, the top center seat belt mounting location is towards the middle of the seat back to help minimize the extent of cantilever, thereby helping to minimizing bending in response to a force.
Though it finds application in a variety of other environments (e.g., rail transportation seating, air transportation seating, amusement park rides, auditorium or stadium applications, or elsewhere), the present invention is particularly suitable for application in automotive vehicles of a number of different types, including but not limited to passenger cars (including sedans, coupes, station wagons, convertibles, or the like), multipurpose passenger vehicles (including sport utility vehicles, sport activity vehicles, minivans, or the like), trucks, and buses.
Systems of the present invention are not limited to seat backs, but may also include one or more additional components for a vehicle interior system, particularly a seating system, such as seat belts, and seat belt anchorage components for transferring seat belt loads to the vehicle structure, including, but not limited to, the attachment hardware, seat frames, seat pedestals, the vehicle structure itself, and other parts of the vehicle that help to prevent separation of the belt from the vehicle structure. The systems may optionally include supplemental inflatable restraint systems, such as air bags. Other seating system components that are contemplated as within the systems of the present invention include, without limitation, seat adjusters (power actuated and manual), lumbar supports, child seats, child seat tether anchors, wheels, integrated handles, telescoping, retractable or adjustable length handles, synthetic upholstery, natural upholstery (such as leather), seat warmers, seat coolers, headrests, integrated stereo components, arm rests, leg rests, cup holders, or the like. While in a preferred embodiment the seat belt incorporated into the system is a shoulder belt, and more preferably a three point harness, other seat belt types may also be used, such as lap belts only, lap belts with a separate or detachable torso belt.
As will be appreciated, the present invention also affords considerable design and manufacture flexibility, including but not limited to the ability to vary the configurations and contours of the respective opposing walls of a seat back. For instance, a first wall could be moldably configured to provide a suitable lumbar support. An opposing wall (i.e., the rearward facing wall when the seat back is in its upright position) could be configured to provide a relatively flat surface for carrying loads. Optionally, the opposing wall could be configured with suitable component housings or cargo carrying implements such as troughs, tie down members, tonneau cover brackets, seat belt retractor housings, or the like.
It will be appreciated that one preferred embodiment of the present invention has focused upon panels that oppose each other over substantially their entire faces. However, the invention is not limited thereto. A seen in
It will also be appreciated that the present invention need not be limited to seat backs. The teachings may be extended also to the seat base portions of seating assemblies. In this regard, it may also be possible for the seat base and the seat back to be assembled onto a common frame. The frame may be assembled to the seat back before or after assembly to the seat base. The frame may include or carry any of a number of different features that are typically incorporated into seat assemblies, including motors, heaters, supports, cushions, or the like.
In another embodiment, shown in
In one embodiment, the opposing panels are generally symmetrical relative to each other, such as shown in
For this embodiment, as well as the other embodiments disclosed herein, advantageously a show surface (e.g., a surface exposed to view in or on the vehicle) may be fabricated from a molded-in-color thermoplastic polyolefin (e.g., a molded in color thermoplastic polyolefin outer surface) joined to an underlying component for imparting strength and rigidity to the resulting assembly. For example, a molded-in-color thermoplastic polyolefin outer panel might be joined to a polycabonate acrylonitrile butadiene styrene support structure. The above teachings of coextruded parisons may also be suitably employed for blow molding instrument panels.
The technology of the present invention may also be applied in providing partial or entire vehicle interior systems, including but not limited to headliners, vehicle doors, glove compartments, knee bolsters, and the like. In this regard, it may be possible to attach two or more components to each other (whether the same material or not) using one of the presently described adhesives.
In another embodiment, the seating system of the present invention, the seating system of commonly-owned and co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/766,792 (filed Jan. 22, 2001; incorporated by reference herein), or both are upholstered with:
In one embodiment, a hook and loop fastening system is applied to the seat back for attaching the upholstery. In another embodiment, upholstery is attached and then a cushion material (e.g., a foam) is inserted between the upholstery and the seat back. Alternatively, the cushion material may be foamed in place. Art-disclosed rim trimming techniques, envelope trimming techniques or a combination thereof may also be employed. Of course, as discussed in the above, art-disclosed insert molding techniques may be applied as well.
Another advantage of the present invention is that it lends itself well to the ability to provide seat assemblies that can be recycled. Accordingly, in another aspect of the present invention, after the product life has concluded the products of the present invention are recycled using art-disclosed recycling techniques. In this regard, in one preferred embodiment, the plastics that are employed to fabricate a component are from the same plastic family for recycling purposes. Of course, in another embodiment, they may be from different families.
Referring to
Also shown in
As shown in
The above should be understandable to the person skilled in the art, as will the application of the novel concepts herein for use in a blow molded seat back. As indicated, examples of various blow molded structures are depicted in co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09766,792 (filed Jan. 22, 2001), hereby incorporated by reference. By way of illustration, a section of a blow molded seat back 238 illustrating different reinforcing structures is shown in
In another embodiment, it is possible to vary the materials used for the seat backs across the width of the seating assembly in a vehicle. For example, for a split seat arrangement (e.g. 60/40) one seat back may be one material, and the other a different material. For example, one seat back is made of PC/ABS and the other one is HDPE.
The skilled artisan will recognize that although the seating system of the present invention has been described in relation to automotive seating, the system may also be used for other seats such as airplane and bus seats or auditorium and stadium seats.
The foregoing discussion discloses and describes merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from such discussion and from the accompanying drawings and claims, that various changes, modifications and variations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described components, assemblies, devices, compositions, etc., the terms used to describe such items are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any item that performs the specified function of the described item, even though not necessarily structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure. In addition, while a particular feature of the invention may have been described above with respect to only one of the embodiments, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of other illustrated embodiments.
The present application claims the benefit of the filing date of U. S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/312,874, filed Aug. 15, 2001, and 60/335,430, filed Oct. 31, 2001 the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
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