The present invention relates to devices and methods for insertion of an orthopedic brace to one or more anchors secured to an animal subject.
In one aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for using an instrument to connect at least two bone anchors with a connecting element. The instrument is secured to the anchors and manipulated to place the connecting element in a position more proximate the anchors.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method that includes: placing at least two anchors in a bony structure, each of the anchors having an extension associated therewith; attaching a brace inserter of an installation instrument to the extensions; and guiding a brace into a desired position relative to the anchors.
In a further aspect of the invention, there is provided an instrument for placing a brace or connecting element into a desired position relative to at least two anchors. The instrument employs a fixed geometric relationship to guide the connecting element into a position proximate the anchors.
In yet a further aspect of the invention, there is provided an instrument for placing a connecting element into a desired position proximate the location of two anchors. The instrument is mounted to the at least two anchors and holds the connecting element in spatial relation to the anchors about a pivot point. The instrument is rotated about the pivot point to guide the connecting element to the desired position.
According to an additional aspect of the invention, there is provided an installation instrument having a brace secured thereto. The brace is indexed so that the brace can assume only a desired orientation when secured to the installation instrument.
According to one aspect of the invention, the percutaneous brace placement device includes first and second anchor extensions and a pivoting brace inserter mounted to the anchor extensions about a pivot axis. The pivoting brace inserter includes an arm having a brace mounting portion at its distal end for connecting an orthopedic brace to the device.
In another aspect of the present invention, the installation instrument includes a support arm engaged to the anchor extension. An anchor is engaged to the distal end of each anchor extension. Preferably, the anchors are in the form of a multi-axial screw capable of allowing universal rotation of the anchor extension. In one form, the arm is located at a predetermined radius from the pivot axis and in a curve at a substantially constant radius relative to the pivot axis to the brace mounting portion. In yet another form, a brace gripper or coupler is operable to selectively grip and release an orthopedic brace from the inserter. In another form, a brace has one end connected at the brace mounting portion and an opposite end adapted to puncture soft tissue of an animal body. Preferably, the brace and pivot arm lie in a circle centered on the pivot axis at a constant radius. The brace is curved at the constant radius relative to the pivot axis in one plane, and the brace is oriented to lie in the circle.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method of installing an orthopedic brace in an animal subject is provided. The method comprises placing first and second anchors mounted on first and second anchor extensions, respectively, percutaneously in first and second bony parts of the body of the subject; mounting a brace inserter on the anchor extensions, the inserter having a pivot axis about the anchor extensions; mounting the brace on the pivoting brace inserter; and swinging the brace inserter relative to the anchor extensions about the pivot axis and thereby moving the brace in a forward direction through an arc centered on the pivot axis and introducing an end of the brace percutaneously to the location of the anchors. In a further form, the brace is fixed to the anchors; the inserter disconnected from the brace; and the inserter moved in a reverse direction through the arc and to remove the inserter from the body. Preferably, the brace is a shaft curved at a single radius about an axis co-linear with the pivot axis of the arc, and the method further includes introducing the shaft through receivers in the anchors during the introduction step.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, anchors, or anchors and anchor extensions are placed by image guided navigation to locate optimum placement and orientation of the anchors in pedicles of vertebral bodies of a single level of the spine of the animal. The image guided technology is also used to determine animal skin locations for percutaneous puncture entry of the anchors. In one form the anchors are cannulated and inserted over guidewires anchored in the vertebral bodies.
According to another aspect of the invention, a technique for spinal fusion of adjacent vertebral bodies of the animal spine is provided. The method includes removal of intervertebral disc material from the space between first and second vertebral bodies of the subject. One or more interbody fusion devices are introduced into the space. First and second anchors are engaged to the first and second vertebral bodies, respectively, through first and second percutaneous punctures in the subject. A curved brace is installed through a third percutaneous puncture in the subject using an installation instrument. The brace is connected to the anchors by application of fastening tool to the anchors through the first and second punctures.
In another form of the present invention, a curved brace is installed by swinging the brace through an arc in a plane containing the brace and perpendicular to the axis of curvature of the brace, and passing portions of the brace into passageways in the anchors. The pivot axis of the brace is at a fixed distance from the passageways equal to the radius of curvature of the brace.
One object of the present invention of the present invention is to provide minimally invasive techniques and instruments for stabilizing a bony structure in an animal subject.
Related features, aspects, embodiments, objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description.
a is a side elevational view of another embodiment of a brace inserter.
a is an enlarged fragmentary exploded view of another embodiment connection of the brace to a portion of the installation instrument.
a is a section view taken through line 9a-9a of
a is an enlarged detail view of a portion of the brace gripper of
a and 20b are perspective views of driver tools usable in a surgical technique with the installation instrument of the present invention.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Any such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated devices, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated herein are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
The present invention is directed to instruments and methods for insertion of a brace for connection with anchors engaged to bony parts of the body. Referring to
In the illustrated embodiment, brace 90 is a shaft curved at a single radius R along an arc A, and brace 90 has an axis co-linear with arc A. However, it is contemplated that brace 90 can have a curvature that differs from arc A, or can have a curvature that varies or is compounded along its length. The curvature of brace 90 can be defined by any one or any combination of mathematical relationships, including, for example, linear, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, geometric, parabolic, quadratic, cubic, hyperbolic, elliptic, or parametric relationships. Brace 90 in
Installation instrument 20 illustrated in
Preferably, brace 90 is supported by mounting portion 25 in receiving opening 35 so that brace 90 is relatively fixed with respect to inserter 24, maintaining alignment of brace 90 along arc axis A during insertion of brace 90. Curved portion 31b includes a channel 34 extending therealong that receives a brace coupler 36 therein. Preferably, brace coupler 36 is an elongated pin that extends along arc axis A from distal end 33 to a thumb screw 37 adjacent pivot arm 31. As shown in
The present invention also contemplates other mechanisms for connecting brace 90 to inserter 24. For example, in
Connecting post 94 is tapered from connecting end 91′ to tip 96, and is configured to mate with jaws 143 in mouth 145 when jaws 143 are clamped around connecting post 94. Connecting post 94 includes a recess 95 formed adjacent connecting end 91′ configured to receive teeth 144 therein. In order to clamp connecting post 94, a proximal end of draw bar 140 extends from inserter 24, as shown in
Inserter 24 has a bottom surface 25a that is preferably curved along axis A to facilitate smooth percutaneous insertion of brace 90. Further, curved portion 31b has at mounting portion 25 a thickness t1 between bottom surface 25a and a top surface 25b. The thickness increases along the length of curved portion 31b of pivot arm 31 in a smooth taper to a thickness t2 adjacent the straight portion 31a. Thickness t2 is preferably greater than thickness t1, facilitating percutaneous insertion and withdrawal of curved portion 31b while minimizing damage and trauma to the surrounding tissue.
Support arms 22a and 22b have proximal end portions adjacent axis P with tool bores 26a and 26b, respectively, for receiving a driving tool therethrough to manipulate anchors 60a and 60b, respectively, as described further below. In the illustrated embodiment, support arm 22a includes an upper post 28a having a channel 23a extending upwardly to the proximal end portion and communicating with tool bore 26a. An anchor extension 30a is mounted in channel 23a via a thumbscrew 27a threadedly received in a threaded aperture 29a that extends through upper post 28a and anchor extension 30a. Anchor extension 30a is mounted at its lower or distal end to anchor 60a. Similarly, support arm 22b includes an upper post 28b having a channel 23b communicating with tool bore 26b. An anchor extension 30b is mounted in channel 29b via a thumbscrew 27b threadedly received in a threaded aperture (not shown) extending through upper post 28b and anchor extension 30b. Anchor 30b is mounted at its lower or distal end to anchor 60b. The present invention also contemplates that upper post 28a and anchor extension 30a, and similarly upper post 28b and anchor extension 30b, are not separate components but rather are formed as a unit to which brace inserter 24 is pivotably attached.
Inserter 24 is pivotally connected to upper posts 28a and 28b of support arms 22a and 22b, respectively. As shown in
An alternate form of pivot arm 31 for pivoting rod inserter 24 is illustrated in
Referring now to
In the illustrated embodiment, the receiver or connector is a yoke 68 that defines a passageway 70 for receiving brace 90 therethrough and a set screw 76 to secure brace 90 in yoke 68. Yoke 68 is mountable to anchor extension 30 before and during percutaneous placement and securement of anchor 60 to the bony structure. Anchor extension 30 includes an outer sleeve 40 and an inner sleeve 50 disposed within a bore 45 through outer sleeve 40. Inner sleeve 50 defines a bore 51 therethrough that communicates with the channel and tool bore 26 of the upper post 28 to which inner sleeve 50 is attached (
Screw 61 has bone engaging threads formed on shank 62 and a head 63 that includes tool opening 64, such as a hex opening or the like, configured to receive a driving tool. In a preferred form, anchor 60 is a multi-axial screw assembly that has yoke 68 pivotably coupled to head 63 of screw 61. However, the use of an anchor 60 that does not include a screw having multi-axial capabilities is not precluded by the present invention. As is known in the art, screw 61 is capable of being rotated within yoke 68 to assume a plurality of angles between axes L1 and L2. Further, screw 61 can be rotated 360 degrees about axis L at any one of the angular positions between axis L1 and L2. One specific example of a multi-axial screw having application with the present invention is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,797,911 and 5,879,350, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
In the illustrated example, anchor 60 includes a connector in the form of a generally cylindrical yoke 68 having passageway 70 therethrough for receiving brace 90. Head 63 of screw 61 is received within a bowl 69 formed at the bottom of yoke 68. A groove 67 is formed in bowl 69, and a collar 65 is retained in bowl 69 via groove 67. Collar 65 captures screw 61 in yoke 68, and is configured to mate with head 63 to allow multi-axial orientations of screw 61 as described above. A cap 66 is positioned over head 63 and limits upward displacement of screw 61 in yoke 68.
Yoke 68 includes arms 71 extending upwardly from bowl 69 on opposite sides of passageway 70. Arms 71 have internal threads 72 configured to mate with external threads 77 on set screw 76. Set screw 76 has upper tool engaging portion 78 having tool dimension d2 and a lower tool engaging portion 79 having tool dimension d1 that is less than d2. Set screw 76 has a shoulder 80 that is supported on inner sleeve 50 by lip 52. Set screw 76 is positioned with shoulder 80 on lip 52 by threading external threads 77 past lip 52. In
Yoke 68 is received within recess portion 42 at distal end 41 of outer sleeve 40. As shown in
Referring to
Finger 54 can be deflected towards one another as indicated by arrows P in order to disengage nubs 58 from catches 57a and 57b, thus allowing rotation and axial translation of inner sleeve 50 in outer sleeve 40. Outer sleeve 40 includes notches 59 formed at upper end 46 on opposite sides of outer sleeve 40 between respective ones of the paired catches 57a and paired catches 57b. Notches 59 allow inner sleeve 50 to be positioned in outer sleeve 40 with nubs 58 at a depth approximating the location of catches 57a and 57b without deflecting fingers 54. Fingers 54 can then be pressed together to withdrawal nubs 58 from notches 59, allowing inner sleeve 50 to be rotated and nubs 58 positioned in the desired paired catches 57a or paired catches 57b.
With nubs 58 positioned in lower catches 57b, set screw 76 extends into recess portion 42 of outer sleeve 40 enough to allow anchor 60 to be mounted on extension 30 by threading set screw 76 partially into yoke 68. Nubs 58 can then be positioned in upper catches 57a, retracting yoke 68 into recessed portion 42 of outer sleeve 40 to hold anchor 60 firmly in place as shown in
Referring now to
Installation instrument 220 includes a brace inserter 224 having a first support arm 222a and a second support arm 222b. Support arms 222a, 222b come together and are fixedly connected at a proximal end 232 of a pivot arm 231. Referring now further to
Pivot arm 231 includes a channel 234 extending from distal end 233 therealong towards proximal end 232. Channel 234 receives a brace coupler 236 therein that is secured to inserter 224 by a nut 239 and pin 228. For the purposes of clarity, nut 239 and brace coupler 236 are shown displaced from channel 234 except at distal end 233. Preferably, brace coupler 236 is an elongated flexible member that extends with arc axis A from distal end 233 through nut 239 to a set screw 237 adjacent proximal end 232. Coupler 236 is pivotably coupled to inserter 224 at brace mounting portion 225 via pin 228. Set screw 237 is threadingly received in a threaded opening formed in nut 239. Brace mounting portion 225 also includes stop pin 229 extending therethough in communication with brace receiving opening 235.
Referring now further to
Brace 290 has a connecting end 291 with a connecting post 294 extending therefrom. Preferably, connecting post 294 is tapered from connecting end 291 to tip 296, and has a recess 297 with a length and depth configured to receive tooth 274 at the end of the recess 297 adjacent tip 296 and stop pin 229 at the end of recess 297 adjacent connecting end 291. Stop pin 229 contacts brace 290 in recess 297 to limit the depth of insertion of brace 290 into opening 235.
In one aspect of the invention, brace 290 is indexed by providing a single recess 297 at a predetermined location on post 294. Post 294 cannot be inserted properly into channel 235 unless stop pin 229 is received in recess 297, thus ensuring an orientation of brace 290 with respect to inserter 224 that is determined by the position of recess 297 with respect to stop pin 229. Preferably, the position of recess 297 is such that it is located with respect to gripping portion 270 so that the radius of curvature of brace 290 extends from inserter 224 along arc axis A. This ensures accurate positioning and orientation of brace 290 with respect to anchors 60 during installation of brace 290.
In order to grip brace 290 when connecting portion 291 is placed into opening 235, gripping portion 270 is rotated downwardly about pin 228 in the direction of arrow R by drawing brace coupler 236 proximally via threading of set screw 237 in a first direction with respect to lock nut 239. Set screw 237 is threaded in an opposite second direction to push brace coupler 236 distally and therefore bend coupler 236, rotating tooth 274 about pin 228 in the direction opposite arrow R out of recess 297 thereby releasing brace 290.
Referring back to
In the illustrated embodiment, pin 260a is press fit into opening 262a of arm 222a. Anchor extension 230a is rotatably mounted on support arm 222a via pin 260a. Similarly, anchor extension 230b is rotatably mounted on support arm 222b via pin 260b press fit into opening 262b of arm 222b. Other techniques for securing pins 260a, 260b and mounting extensions 30a, 30b thereto are also contemplated as would occur to those skilled in the art. Each arm 222a, 222b can be provided with a stop bar 264a, 264b extending therefrom towards the other support arm 222b, 222a, respectively. Stop bars 264a and 264b limit rotation of instrument 220 along axis A when stop bars 264a, 264b contact a corresponding one of the extensions 230a, 230b.
Referring now to
Although anchors are not shown in
Yoke 68 is preferably received within end portion 242 at distal end 241 of outer sleeve 240. As shown in
The positioning of inner sleeve 250 into outer sleeve 240 will be further described, although those skilled in the art will appreciate that anchor extension 30 and anchor extension 230 are similar in many respects. Inner sleeve 250 includes lower gripping elements or fingers 254 that include circular relief portions 277 therebetween to allow flexing of fingers 254. Inner sleeve 250 further includes upper notch 256 and lower notch 256′ between fingers 254 and upper end 255. Outer sleeve 240 includes a plunger-type spring biased retainer 257 extending therein adjacent bore 245 having a cross bar 258 extending transversely from a plunger 259. Cross bar 258 is selectively positionable in a desired one of the notches 256 and 256′ to hold inner sleeve 250 relative to outer sleeve 240. Shoulder 261 limits the depth of travel of inner sleeve 250 distally into bore 245 of outer sleeve 240. When cross bar 258 is in upper notch 256, set screw 76 of anchor 60 can be threaded onto or pushed between fingers 254 at distal end 253, where set screw 76 is retained thereon by lip 252.
If not already secured to set screw 76, yoke 68 can then be at least partially threaded onto set screw 76. Movement of inner sleeve 250 relative to outer sleeve 240 is facilitated by depressing plunger 259 to lift cross bar 258 out of upper notch 256. Inner sleeve 250 is moved proximally to position cross bar 258 in lower notch 256′, drawing yoke 68 between the arms 244 and against end portion 242 with passage 70 aligned with the U-shaped opening between the arms 244. Axis L3 of anchor extension 230 is aligned with axis L1 of bone screw 61 when a guidewire or a tool, such as tool 100 or 100′ of
The assembly of anchor extensions 230a and 230b to one another and also to inserter 224 will now be described. Each anchor extension 230 includes passage 248 through outer sleeve 240 adjacent the proximal end 243. A coupling pin 249a is press fit or otherwise secured in passage 248a on the side of anchor extension 230a adjacent anchor extension 230b. After anchor extensions 230a and 230b and anchors 60a and 60b are secured to bony structure, anchor extensions 230a and 230b are manipulated through the skin and tissue to place pin 249a into the portion of passage 248b adjacent anchor extension 230a. Inserter 224 is secured to anchor extensions 230a and 230b by placing pin 260a in a portion of passage 248a of first extension 230a opposite pin 249a, and pin 260b in a portion of passage 248b of second extension 230b opposite pin 249a. Pins 260a and 260b are rotatably received in the passages 248a and 248b, respectively, and anchors extension 230a and 230b are secured to support arms 222a and 222b via clamping mechanism 221. Bores 251a and 251b of inner sleeves 250a and 250b remain substantially unobstructed for access to anchors 60a and 60b when instrument 220 is assembled.
Techniques using the above described installation instruments 20, 220 will now be described. The present invention contemplates that placement of anchors 60 into the bony structure can be completed without an anchor extension 30 or 230 mounted thereto, and anchor extension 30 or 230 is thereafter mounted on the anchor 60 engaged to the bony structure. Other techniques contemplate that the anchor 60 is mounted on anchor extension 30 or 230, and anchor extension 30 or 230 and anchor 60 are placed through an open incision, micro-incision, a tube or cannula, or directly through the skin and tissue of the animal subject to engage anchor 60 to a bony structure, such as the pedicles of vertebrae V1 and V2 as shown in
The surgical techniques of the present invention can employ any type of known imaging system to determine and locate optimum placement and orientation of the anchors in the bony structure and, if necessary, to locate skin locations for percutaneous puncture entry of the anchors. Image guided systems useful in practicing the invention and in placing anchors 60 are known in the art. Examples of image guided technology are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,772,594; 5,383,454; 5,851,183; 5,871,445; 5,891,034; and PCT Publication WO 99/15097, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The STEALTHSTATION® or ION™ systems, sold by Medtronic Surgical Navigation Technologies, Inc. can further be used with the present invention for pre-operative planning and image guided navigation of anchor placement and installation of brace 90.
Other techniques for locating and placing anchors 60 into the bony structure are also contemplated herein as would occur to those skilled in the art. For example, a CT scan or x-ray can be used for pre-operative planning of anchor positioning and orientation. Anchor insertion can be monitored using any known viewing instrument or apparatus. Another example contemplates anchor placement through a cannula or sleeve inserted through the skin that forms a working channel to the anchor location. Anchor placement into the bony structure can be monitored endoscopically or microscopically through the cannula.
In one specific technique, a guidewire, such as guidewire 280 of
Various instruments can be used to prepare the surgical site for anchor insertion. For example, in
After determining the desired position and orientation of guidewire 280 in the bony structure and the skin location for puncture entry and preparing the screw hole, a cannulated anchor 60 mounted on anchor extension 30 or 230 can be placed over the guidewire and advanced, for example, through the skin and tissue directly, through an incision, or through a cannula to the prepared hole. A driving tool, such as cannulated driving tool 100′ shown in
It is further contemplated that if the technique does not employ a guidewire, a driving tool 100 of
Anchor extension 30, 230 follows anchor 60 towards the bony structure as anchor 60 is driven therein with driving tool 100 or 100′. Tool 100 is then withdrawn from the tool bore, and if necessary, the guidewire is also withdrawn. In embodiments of anchor 60 having a multi-axial screw, yoke 68 and anchor extension 30, 230 are pivotable about head 63 by manipulating anchor extension 30, 230 in the skin and tissue to the desired position.
With anchors 60a and 60b secured to the bony structure, passageways 70a and 70b are aligned to receive brace 90. For instrument 20, upper posts 28a and 28b are mounted on anchor extensions 30a and 30b using thumb screws 27a and 27b, respectively, aligning passageways 70a and 70b. With anchors 60 employing a multi-axial screw, the anchor extensions 30a and 30b can be manipulated into the desired position for connection with upper posts 28a and 28b. For instrument 220, anchor extensions 230a and 230b are manipulated to place pin 249a in passage 248b, aligning passageways 70a and 70b. Support arms 222a and 222b are secured to anchor extensions 230a and 230b with clamping mechanism 220. If anchor 60 does not have multi-axial capabilities, the orientation of the anchor extensions required to connect the inserter thereto is accounted for during the determination of the orientation and positioning anchors 60a and 60b into the bony structure.
Brace 90, 290 is fixed on inserter 24, 224 and readied for percutaneous insertion into passageways 70a and 70b of anchors 60a and 60b, respectively. Preferably, brace 90, 290 is curved and has a radius of curvature equal to the distance between passageways 70a, 70b and pivot axis P. Inserter 24, 224 swings about pivot axis P to move brace 90 in a forward direction along arc axis A and thereby introducing pointed end of brace 90, 290 into the subject's body towards the aligned passageways 70a and 70b. Brace 90, 290 and inserter 24, 224 are further pivoted to pass portions of brace 90 through passageways 70a and 70b of anchors 60a and 60b.
As discussed above, it is preferred that brace is indexed so that it can be secured at a predetermined orientation onto the installation instrument 20, 220. This ensures alignment of brace 90, 290 along the insertion path of the installation instrument and through the passageways of anchors 60a and 60b. In a further form, trocar 390, as shown in
Brace 90, 290 is placed through the passageways of anchors 60a and 60b to the desired position, which can be confirmed radiographically or with any know imaging technique. Set screws 76a and 76b of each anchor 60a and 60b are driven downward to contact brace 90, 290. A driving tool is placed through the tool bores of the installation instruments 20, 220 to engage either the upper tool engagement portion 78a, 78b or lower tool engagement portion 79a, 79b and drive set screw 76a, 76b downwardly, tightening it against brace 90, 290 until set screw 76a, 76b is firmly seated thereagainst. Inserter 24, 224 can then be uncoupled from brace 90, 290 and removed from the subject by swinging inserter 24, 224 back along arc axis A. A tool is positioned in upper tool engagement portion 78a, 78b to break off the upper portion of the set screw 76a, 76b upon application of the requisite torque, releasing the anchor extension 30a, 30b from anchor 60a, 60b and allowing removal of extensions 30, 230 from the subject.
The surgeon may also desire to initially seat set screw 76a, 76b using a tool in upper tool engagement portion 78a, 78b and apply sufficient torque to severe the break-off portion of set screw 76a 76b before uncoupling brace 90, 290. In an alternate form, the driving force that is applied to set screw 76a, 76b could force shoulder 80a, 80b through lip 52a, 52b, deflecting lip 52a, 52b downward to release set screw 76a, 76b from inner sleeve 50a, 50b of instrument 20 or deflect fingers 154a, 154b outward to release set screw 76a, 76b from inner sleeve 150a, 150b of instrument 220.
In one specific application of the present invention, brace 90 is installed to stabilize a first vertebra V1and second vertebra V2 after placement of one or more implants I into disc space D as shown in
The present invention has application in further minimally invasive and open techniques for placing interbody fusion device into a disc space between adjacent vertebrae. For example, transforaminal, posterior, and posterior-midline approaches to the disc space are contemplated for placement of one or more implants or interbody fusion device in the disc space. Such techniques are described in a provisional application entitled “Methods and Instruments for Endoscopic Interbody Surgical Techniques” filed on Oct. 20, 1999 (U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/160,550.) This provisional application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
As shown in
The installation instrument of the present invention can also be used to install braces on both sides of midline M of the spine. The installation instrument can also be used to install multiple braces at one or more levels of the spine. The present invention can be used to stabilize adjacent vertebra in conjunction with any minimally invasive or open surgical techniques for placement of one or more interbody fusion devices into a disc space as would occur to those skilled in the art. For example, one or more interbody fusion devices or intervertebral spacers may be inserted into the disc space via an anterior approach. Examples of anterior approaches are described in PCT International Publication No. WO 97/30666; pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/287,917; and pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/498,426 filed on Feb. 4, 2000; each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Further, the present invention may also be used to stabilize adjacent vertebrae, or any other bony structure, without placement of fusion devices or implants in the bony structure.
It is further contemplated that brace 90 may be installed and secured to anchors engaged in respective ones of three vertebrae using an installation instrument such as the one illustrated in
While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiment has been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected.
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/263,522 filed on Oct. 3, 2002, and now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,008,422; which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/616,581 filed on Jul. 14, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,530,929, which claims the benefit of the filing dates of Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/186,729, filed Mar. 3, 2000 and Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/160,489, filed Oct. 20, 1999. The referenced applications are each incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The present invention generally relates to surgical instruments and methods for use of the same, and more particularly, but not exclusively, relates to instruments and methods for stabilizing bony structures. The use of various devices and methods for stabilizing bone structures have been used for many years. For example, the fracture of an elongated bone, such as a femur or humerus, can be stabilized by securing a plate to the fractured bone across the fracture. The plate extends across the fractured area and thus stabilizes the fractured components of the bones relative to one another in a desired position. When the fracture heals, the plate can be removed or left in place, depending on the type of plate that is used. Another type of stabilization technique uses one or more elongated rods extending between components of a bony structure and secured to the bony structure to stabilize the components relative to one another. The components of the bony structure are exposed and one or more bone engaging fasteners are placed into each component. The elongated rod is then secured to the bone engaging fasteners in order to stabilize the components of the bony structure. One problem associated with the above described stabilization structures is that the skin and tissue surrounding the surgical site must be cut, removed, and/or repositioned in order for the surgeon to access the location where the stabilization device is to be installed. This repositioning of tissue causes trauma, damage, and scarring to the tissue. There are also risks that the tissue will become infected and that a long recovery time will be required after surgery for the tissue to heal. Minimally invasive surgical techniques are particularly desirable in, for example, spinal and neurosurgical applications because of the need for access to locations deep within the body and the danger of damage to vital intervening tissues. The development of percutaneous minimally invasive spinal procedures has yielded a major improvement in reducing recovery time and post-operative pain because they require minimal, if any, muscle dissection and can be performed under local anesthesia. These benefits of minimally invasive techniques have also found application in surgeries for other locations in the body where it is desirable to minimize tissue disruption. Examples of instruments and techniques for performing surgeries using minimally invasive techniques are found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,792,044 and 5,902,231 to Foley et al. While these techniques are steps in the right direction, there remains a need for instruments and methods for stabilizing bony structures using minimally invasive techniques. This need and others are addressed by the present invention.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20060229614 A1 | Oct 2006 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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60186729 | Mar 2000 | US | |
60160489 | Oct 1999 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 09616581 | Jul 2000 | US |
Child | 10263522 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 10263522 | Oct 2002 | US |
Child | 11338405 | US |