The present invention claims priority under the Paris Convention to Canadian Patent Application No. 3,003,991, filed on May 4, 2018, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present application relates generally to an integral tubular member and methods of manufacturing an integral tubular member, more specifically an integral tubular member with at least one wear pad and methods of manufacturing an integral tubular member with at least one wear pad.
This section provides background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the invention. It should be understood that the statements in this section of this document are to be read in this light, and not as admissions of prior art.
Standard drill pipe, used in oil and gas drilling operations, consists of a thin walled tube with ends that have been upset and thickened in a forging-like process allowing for two non-integral connector ends to be friction welded on to these ends. These connector ends are typically known as tool joints and are machined to provide threaded. This current manufacturing method of drill pipe requires friction welding and heat treatment technology that does not lend itself to adding features to the tube region of the pipe. In addition, friction welding is a very specialized and expensive process which would be desirable to avoid.
When deployed for use in oil and gas drilling, drill pipes often wear in multiple areas including the tube body and tool joint portions. Therefore, during drilling operations, it is desirable to protect the drill pipe from wear or to slow the rate of wear to prevent premature failure of the drill pipe. Tool joints are generally thick walled elements and thus wear more slowly than the drill pipe and they may be further protected from wear through a hardbanding application. The thin walled tube body, on the other hand, typically cannot be easily protected from wear and, as a result, the tube wall thickness will eventually become too thin and result in the drill pipe being downgraded to a lower class of drill pipe which prevents its further use in many drilling operations.
Previous attempts at preventing drill pipe tube wear include additional components or features being added to the drill pipe after it is manufactured. For example, clamp style centralizers and wear pads have been developed such as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,999,811; however, these types of devices may loosen and be displaced along the length of the drill pipe, or may even separate during drilling operations. Adhesive or molded centralizers and wear pads have been developed, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,697,141 or U.S. Pat. No. 8,119,047; however, these devices invite small regions of corrosion to develop on the pipe wall immediately underneath the devices. This may be due to the presence of small voids in the bonds between the tube and the wear pad feature, which may be filled by wellbore fluid via capillary action, and resulting in corrosion of the metal drill pipe. In addition, it becomes difficult or impossible to properly inspect the thickness or integrity of the tube body itself as these adhesive or molded features are generally immovable.
Thus, it is desirable that the centralizer or wear pad features be integral to the tube body and added or incorporated during manufacturing. One method of accomplishing this is to create a tool joint-like feature in the center of the tube body through upsetting and friction welding a pair of short drill pipe tubes together or friction welding two short drill pipe tubes to a third tool joint-like component between them. Such a method is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,783,344, which describes utilizing redistributed and upset substrate material and a friction welding process to create a wear pad feature on the drill pipe tube. This method is, however, extremely cost intensive and cumbersome to manufacture as friction welding is a very specialized and expensive process, which would be desirable to avoid. In addition, this method involves the application of a heat treatment step, which results in changes to the material properties of the drill pipe material. In the result, this method would necessitate additional material testing and process validation steps to ensure that the drill pipe meets the required specifications.
In one aspect of the present description, there is provided an integral tubular member formed from a unitary tubular blank, the integral tubular member comprising:
a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a tube body extending between the first and second ends;
the first and second ends being adapted for connection to other tubular members;
at least one wear pad formed on the tube body, the at least one wear pad comprising a region of increased wall thickness.
In another aspect, there is provided a method of manufacturing an integral tubular member having at least one wear pad, the method comprising:
In one aspect of this disclosure, there is provided an integral tubular member formed from a one piece blank having a longitudinal axis. The integral tubular member includes an external longitudinal cross sectional profile, an internal longitudinal cross sectional profile, the internal and external cross sectional profiles defining a wall there-between. The wall has varied wall thickness along the integral tubular member with at least three bulges where the wall is thicker than the nominal wall thickness of the tubular member. These bulges may be internal bulges, external bulges, or a combination of both.
In one aspect, there is provided an integral tubular member with at least one integral wear pad formed from a one piece blank having a longitudinal axis, a first end, a second end, a first portion, a central portion, a second portion, an external longitudinal cross sectional profile, an internal longitudinal cross sectional profile, and the internal and external cross sectional profiles defining a wall there-between. The wall has varied wall thickness along the integral tubular member. The first portion of the integral tubular member has at least one internal or external bulge where the wall is thicker than the nominal wall of the integral tubular member, forming an integral connector end with increased strength. The first end of the integral tubular member has a connection feature, the connection feature allowing for the integral tubular member to be coupled to another tubular member. The second portion of the integral tubular member has at least one internal or external bulge where the wall is thicker than the nominal wall of the integral tubular member, forming an integral connector end with increased strength. The second end of the integral tubular member is provided to have a connection feature, the connection feature allowing for the integral tubular member to be coupled to another tubular member. The central portion of the integral tubular member has at least one localized region where the wall is thicker than the nominal wall of the central portion of the integral tubular member, forming at least one integral wear pad.
In one aspect, the at least one wear pad has a metallurgical grain structure and grain direction substantially uniform and unaltered from the one-piece blank substrate.
In one aspect, the at least one integral wear pad has a wall thickness that is between 50-100% greater than the nominal central portion wall thickness.
In a more specific aspect, the at least one integral wear pad has a nominal wall thickness that is between 70-80% greater than the nominal central portion wall thickness.
In one aspect, the ratio of the nominal tube body outside diameter circumference to the tube body transverse cross sectional area is less than or equal to 0.450 in/sq.in and the ratio of the at least one integral wear pad outside diameter circumference to the wear pad transverse cross sectional area is greater than 0.450 in/sq. in.
In one aspect, the nominal integral tubular member tube body wall is equivalent to standard drill pipe tube wall thickness.
In a further aspect, surface hardening or a surface coating is applied to at least one of the at least one wear pads to increase wear resistance.
There is provided a method of manufacturing an integral tubular member. A tube is provided that has an outer wall, a hollow interior, a first end, a second end, a first portion, a central portion and a second portion. The first portion is adjacent the first end, the second portion is adjacent the second end and the central portion is positioned between the first portion and the second portion. The first portion of the tube and the second portion of the tube are upset to form an upset tubular. The upset tubular has an outer wall, a hollow interior, a first end, a second end, a first portion, a central portion, and a second portion. The length of the first portion of the upset tubular has a length of between 25-75% the length of the first portion of the tube. The length of the second portion of the upset tubular has a length of between 25-75% the length of the second portion of the tube. The first portion and the second portion of the upset tubular are processed to form integral connector ends, and the outer wall of the central portion of the upset tubular is processed to form a predetermined outer profile creating an integral tubular member.
In one aspect, the first integral connector end is processed to have a box connection.
In one aspect, the second integral connector end is processed to have a pin connection.
In one aspect, the second integral connector end is processed to have a box connection.
In one aspect, the first integral connector end is processed to have a pin connection.
In one aspect, the predetermined outer profile is substantially cylindrical and uniform
In one aspect, the predetermined outer profile has at least one integral wear pad. The integral wear pad has a wall with increased wall thickness. The integral wear pad may be centrally located on the integral tubular member. The integral wear pad may be a fluted wear pad, a bladed wear pad, a ribbed wear pad or any other type of wear pad known in the art.
In one aspect, the tube is made of steel or aluminum alloy.
There is also provided an additional method of manufacturing an integral tubular member with at least one wear pad. A tube is provided that has an outer wall, a hollow interior, a first end, a second end, a first portion, a central portion and a second portion. The first portion is adjacent the first end, the second portion is adjacent the second end and the central portion is positioned between the first portion and the second portion. The first portion of the tube and the second portion of the tube are upset to form an upset tubular. The upset tubular has an outer wall, a hollow interior, a first end, a second end, a first portion, a central portion, and a second portion. The length of the first portion of the upset tubular has a length of between 25-75% the length of the first portion of the tube. The length of the second portion of the upset tubular has a length of between 25-75% the length of the second portion of the tube. The first portion and the second portion of the upset tubular are processed to form integral connector ends and the outer wall of the central portion of the upset tubular is processed to form a predetermined outer profile. At least one of the first portion, the central portion and the second portion of the upset tubular are processed to have at least one integral wear pad forming an integral tubular member with at least one wear pad.
In one aspect, the first integral connector end is processed to have a box connection.
In one aspect, the second integral connector end is processed to have a pin connection.
In one aspect, the second integral connector end is processed to have a box connection.
In one aspect, the first integral connector end is processed to have a pin connection.
In one aspect, the predetermined outer profile is substantially cylindrical and uniform.
In one aspect, the predetermined outer profile has at least one integral wear pad. The integral wear pad has a wall with increased wall thickness. The integral wear pad may be centrally located on the integral tubular member. The integral wear pad may be a fluted wear pad, a bladed wear pad, a ribbed wear pad or any other type of wear pad known in the art.
In one aspect, the tube is made of steel or aluminum alloy.
There is also provided a method of manufacturing a drill pipe with at least one integral wear pad having a longitudinal axis. A tube is provided that has an outer wall, a hollow interior, a first end, a second end, a first portion, a central portion and a second portion. The first portion is adjacent the first end, the second portion is adjacent the second end and the central portion is positioned between the first portion and the second portion. The first portion of the tube and the second portion of the tube are upset to form an upset tubular. The upset tubular has an outer wall, a hollow interior, a first end, a second end, a first portion, a central portion and a second portion. The length of the first portion of the upset tubular has a length of between 25-75% the length of the first portion of the tube. The length of the second portion of the upset tubular has a length of between 25-75% the length of the second portion of the tube. The outer wall of the central portion of the upset tubular is processed to form a predetermined outer profile having at least one integral wear pad. A tool joint is attached to the first end of the upset tubular and a tool joint is attached to the second end of the upset tubular forming a drill pipe with at least one integral wear pad.
In one aspect, the predetermined outer profile of the outer wall is substantially cylindrical and uniform.
In one aspect, the predetermined outer profile has at least one integral wear pad. The integral wear pad has a wall with increased wall thickness. The integral wear pad may be centrally located on the upset tubular. The integral wear pad may be a fluted wear pad, a bladed wear pad, a ribbed wear pad or any other type of wear pad known in the art.
In one aspect, the tube is made of steel or aluminum alloy.
These and other features will become more apparent from the following description in which references are made to the following drawings, in which numerical references denote like parts. The drawings are for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to in any way limit the scope of the invention to the particular aspects shown.
a,
5
b and 5c are end views of wear pads according to different aspects, showing different wear pad cross section shapes.
In the following discussion and in the claims regarding the integral tubular member with at least one wear pad, the term “one piece blank” generally refers to the single piece semi-finished tubular member immediately prior to the creation of the at least one integral wear pad. It will be understood that the sequence of manufacturing processes required to create the desired one piece blank may be varied without limiting the scope of the invention. For example, the one piece blank may take the form of a raw unprocessed tube or a pre-processed tube that has been put through upsetting, forming, heat treatment, machining, welding or any other process known in the art to produce the desired geometry of the one piece blank. Reference to “one piece blank substrate” in regards to metallurgical properties and metallurgical grains should be interpreted as the metallurgical properties and grains of the one piece blank immediately prior to creating the at least one wear pad feature. It should not be interpreted to indicate the metallurgical substrate properties during any sequence of manufacturing processes which may occur to create the desired one piece blank. Also, the term “wear pad” should be interpreted in the broadest sense possible to describe features which act sacrificially in slowing, delaying, or otherwise preventing the downgrading of a tubular member due to thinning of wall thickness drilling operations. Such wear pad features are substantially cylindrical in nature and may include features such as flutes, blades, ribs, external bulges, internal bulges, a combination of any such features or any other drilling operations wear features known in the art. Any description of features utilizing sequencing as “first”, “second”, “third” etc. is done for the purpose of clarity in describing relative locations and relationships between features and should not be interpreted to imply any ordering, capability, priority or physical location of features relative to a borehole or other external frames of reference.
The term “tubular member” generically refers to the components which make up a typical drill string such as the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA), Heavy Weight Drill Pipe (HWDP), drill pipe, or any similar components which can replace such components in form and/or function. When describing a specific feature or aspect of the invention the term “integral” refers to the feature or aspect being present on, or, in particular, created from, a substantially one piece blank without attachment methods employed. It will be understood that specific features and aspects such as wear pads may be integral while other features such as tool joints may not be integral without affecting the scope of the invention.
The term “integral tubular member” refers to a component which can be utilized to form a drill string and which is created from a one piece blank. A “drill pipe” or similar tubular member would typically be created from multiple components.
The term “connector end” refers to an end region of a tubular member having increased wall thickness to allow for connection features such as threads to be manufactured thereon. Further, the term “tool joint” generally refers to a non-integral connector end but which are attached or secured thereto. Tool joints are typical components of a finished drill pipe assembly.
An integral tubular member with wear pad will now be described with reference to
With reference to
Referring to
The connection features 108, 112 allow for one tubular member to be coupled to another similar or dissimilar drilling tubular member. The first connection feature 108 is shown as a box thread rotary shouldered connection. The second connection feature 112 is shown as a pin thread rotary shouldered connection. It will be understood by a person skilled in the art that other designs and configurations of connection features may be possible without affecting the scope of the present description.
The nominal tube body 110 is provided with at least one integral wear pad 24 having an external diameter D2 and an internal diameter d2, there-between forming a wall 106 of increased thickness t2. As discussed herein, the wear pad 24 serves to enhance wear resistance of the tubular member. It will be understood that the at least one wear pad 24 may be formed by an external diameter increase, an internal diameter increase, or a combination of both. The integral wear pad 24 may be substantially cylindrical in shape, having a transverse cross section A2 along its length being generally circular as shown in
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
In one aspect the at least one wear pad 24 has a wall thickness t2 that is between 50-100% greater than the nominal tube body 110 wall thickness t1. In another aspect the at least one wear pad 24 has a nominal wall thickness t2 that is between 70-80% greater than the nominal tube body 110 wall thickness t1.
In one aspect the ratio of the nominal tube body circumference formed by outside diameter D1 to the nominal tube body cross sectional area formed by D1 and wall thickness t1 is less than or equal to 0.450 in/sq.in and the ratio of the at least one wear pad circumference formed by outside diameter D2 to the wear pad cross sectional area formed by D2 and wall thickness t2 is greater than 0.450 in/sq. in.
In another aspect, the metallurgical grain structure and grain direction of the at least one wear pad 24 is substantially unaltered from the one piece blank substrate.
In another aspect, the at least one wear pad 24 is not formed through a redistribution of the one piece blank substrate material.
In one aspect the tube body wall thickness t1 is equivalent to standard drill pipe tube thickness.
In one aspect, on or more of the wear pads 24 may be treated to increase wear resistance by means of a surface hardening treatment, including providing a surface coating. Various other surface treatments are known in the art to increase wear resistance of the wear pads.
A method of manufacturing integral tubular members of the present description will now be discussed. In this discussion, the term “tube” or “tube blank” is used to describe an initial tubular element having a longitudinal axis, external and internal longitudinal cross-sectional profiles defining a wall there-between and the tube wall having a wall thickness which is generally constant along its length. It will be understood that the tube may, in one aspect, be pre-processed, or “tuned”, with regards to creating or forming the desired material properties and geometry. Further, the term “upset tubular” is used to describe a semi-finished tubular with a longitudinal axis having external and internal longitudinal cross sectional profiles defining a wall there-between and the upset tubular wall having a wall thickness which is varied along the upset tubular. It is typical that this varied wall thickness is predominantly at the ends of the upset tubular, resulting in the ends having thicker wall portions; however it will be understood that the varied wall may be present in any location of the upset tubular and may exist as an increase or decrease in wall thickness. The term “processing” is used generally to describe manufacturing methods known in the art which act to create dimensional features either through the removal of, addition to, or forming of substrate material. Such processes may include but are not intended to be limited to lathe machining, milling, grinding, welding, cold working, forging, burnishing, etc.
A method of manufacturing an integral tubular member 10 will now be described with reference to
Referring to
In one step of the present method, first portion 50 of tube 40 and second portion 54 of tube 40 are upset to form an upset tubular 60, shown in
One method of upsetting tube 40, shown in
Processing of tube 40 may involve the removal of material through the use of a lathe or milling process or may allow for additive or forming methods of manufacture. For example, a wear pad 24, shown in
Referring to
Referring to
As would be understood, with integral connector ends 20 and 22, there is no need to utilize friction welding and weld heat treatments to create a drilling tubular.
Referring to
Integral tubular member 10 is manufactured in a way that allows connector ends 20 and 22 and wear pad 24 to be integrally created. This avoid the need for expensive friction welding and welding heat treatments to create a drilling tubular and allows for a wear pad 24 to be included integrally without attempting to incorporate a separate wear pad onto a tubular member.
Referring to
An alternative method of manufacturing a drilling tubular will now be described with reference to
Referring to
In a first step, first portion 50 of tube 40 and second portion 54 of tube 40 are upset to form an upset tubular 80, as shown in
Referring to
Referring to
Any use herein of any terms describing an interaction between elements is not meant to limit the interaction to direct interaction between the subject elements, and may also include indirect interaction between the elements such as through secondary or intermediary structure unless specifically stated otherwise.
In this patent document, the word “comprising” is used in its non-limiting sense to mean that items following the word are included, but items not specifically mentioned are not excluded. A reference to an element by the indefinite article “a” does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the element is present, unless the context clearly requires that there be one and only one of the elements.
It will be apparent that changes may be made to the illustrative aspects, while falling within the scope of the invention. As such, the scope of the following claims should not be limited by the preferred aspects set forth in the examples and drawings described above, but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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3003991 | May 2018 | CA | national |