The present disclosure relates generally to fluid manifolds, and more specifically to flow distribution features (i.e., flow distributors) of fluid manifolds.
In general, fluid manifolds are designed to route one or more fluids between components in a fluid flow system. For example, heat exchangers typically include manifolds (i.e., headers) to route fluid flow into and out of the heat exchanger core. Heat exchanger cores have multiple flow paths, and the flow distribution throughout the flow paths can affect heat exchanger performance. Heat exchangers and other components may experience high velocity flow or may have asymmetries that affect flow distribution. Flow distribution features can be implemented in a fluid manifold to modify the flow distribution.
In one example, a fluid manifold includes an inlet comprising an opening into an interior of the fluid manifold, an outlet end that is positioned opposite the inlet and that is in fluid communication with the inlet, a shroud extending between the inlet and the outlet end and surrounding a flow path of the fluid manifold, and a first flow distributor positioned within the interior of the fluid manifold. The first flow distributor includes a hollow body that extends in a downstream direction. The hollow body includes a first surface at a downstream side of the first flow distributor and a second surface at an upstream side of the first flow distributor, a central cavity defined by the second surface of the hollow body, and openings extending from the first surface to the second surface such that a fluid can pass from the central cavity through the openings to be directed within the fluid manifold. The first flow distributor and the fluid manifold are integrally formed.
In another example, a flow distributor for a fluid manifold includes a hollow body including a first surface at a downstream side of the flow distributor and a second surface at an upstream side of the flow distributor, a central cavity defined by the second surface of the hollow body, and openings extending from the first surface to the second surface such that a fluid can pass from the central cavity through the openings to be directed within the fluid manifold.
An integrally formed flow distributor and fluid manifold is described herein. In fluid flow systems, an inlet of a fluid manifold may be positioned at a center of the manifold so that fluid flow exiting the manifold is as distributed (i.e., uniform) as possible. However, this may not be achievable in many applications. Moreover, even when the inlet is aligned with the manifold the fluid flow may be a high velocity flow that does not spread out adequately in the relatively short distance to an outlet end of the manifold. The manifold can also have asymmetries and experience high velocity flow in combination. In traditional applications, a flow distributor can be implemented in the manifold to achieve improved flow distribution, but this can introduce undesired additional manufacturing steps. For example, the traditional manifold and flow distributor may be machined separately and attached by welding. Additionally, the design of a traditionally manufactured flow distributor could be limited by traditional machining requirements (e.g., tooling paths, etc.) such that variations of the flow distributor geometry can be difficult, impossible, or cost prohibitive to manufacture. The integrally formed flow distributor described herein can reduce the need for additional manufacturing steps and can more effectively optimize flow distribution within the manifold. The integrally formed flow distributor is described below with reference to
Manifold 10 includes flow distributor 12, shroud 14, inlet 16, and outlet end 18. Shroud 14 includes exterior surface 20, interior surface 22, interior passageway (i.e., cavity) 23, and floor 24. Flow distributor 12 includes body 26, first surface 28 (i.e., downstream surface 28), second surface 30 (i.e., upstream surface 30), openings 32, top opening 33, and central cavity 34. Flow distributor 12 defines longitudinal axis L1. Inlet 16 includes primary channel 36 and connection portion 38.
Inlet 16 forms an opening into the fluid system of manifold 10. Inlet 16 is positioned at a first, or upstream, end of manifold 10 that is opposite outlet end 18. As shown in
Inlet 16 can further include connection portion 38 adjacent or near the opening. Connection portion 38 is a portion of inlet 16 where manifold 10 can be connected to another component(s) or duct. Though connection portion 38 is illustrated in
Shroud 14 is a main body portion of manifold 10. Shroud 14 extends between inlet 16 and outlet end 18. Moreover, shroud 14 can be continuous with inlet 16 and outlet end 18. Shroud 14 surrounds a portion of a flow path of manifold 10. Exterior surface 20 of shroud 14 extends from inlet 16 to outlet end 18 and is at an exterior of shroud 14. Interior surface 22 of shroud 14 extends from inlet 16 to outlet end 18 and is at an interior of shroud 14. Exterior surface 20 and interior surface 22 meet at inlet 16 and at outlet end 18.
Interior surface 22, including floor 24, defines interior passageway 23 within shroud 14. Interior passageway 23 is a passageway or cavity within shroud 14 that extends from primary channel 36 to outlet end 18. As such, primary channel 36 of inlet 16 is a first, or upstream, passageway that is fluidly connected to and continuous with interior passageway 23. As described above, primary channel 36 extends within manifold 10 to floor 24 of shroud 14. At floor 24, a cross-sectional area of interior passageway 23 can expand radially outward from the cross-sectional area of primary channel 36. In other words, interior passageway 23 can be tapered toward floor 24 from outlet end 18. More generally, interior passageway 23 can have a larger cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of primary channel 36.
As shown in
Additionally, as is most easily viewed in
Flow distributor 12 is positioned within shroud 14 in interior passageway 23. Specifically, flow distributor 12 extends from and is continuous with interior surface 22 at floor 24. Flow distributor 12 extends in a downstream direction from floor 24. First surface 28 is at an exterior of flow distributor 12. First surface 28 is also at a downstream side of flow distributor 12. Second surface 30 is at an interior of flow distributor 12. Second surface 30 is also at an upstream side of flow distributor 12. Each of first surface 28 and second surface 30 can be continuous with interior surface 22. First surface 28 and second surface 30 meet at or along edges of openings 32. In some examples (e.g., as shown in
Body 26 is a hollow, main portion of flow distributor 12 that extends or protrudes from floor 24 in a downstream direction with respect to a flow path of manifold 10. Body 26 is defined by first surface 28 and second surface 30. In some examples, body 26 can be generally dome-shaped (i.e., domed). In other examples, body 26 can be conical or frustoconical. As such, body 26 can be wider adjacent to floor 24 and tapered toward an opposite or top end (e.g., at top opening 33) of flow distributor 12. In yet other examples, body 26 is not tapered and can instead have a generally cylindrical shape.
Referring now to
Referring again to
As will be described in greater detail below with respect to
Outlet end 18 of manifold 10 forms a second, or downstream, end of manifold 10 that is opposite inlet 16. Like inlet 16, outlet end 18 forms an opening into the fluid system of manifold 10. Because interior passageway 23 extends from primary channel 36 of inlet 16 to outlet end 18, outlet end 18 is in fluid communication with inlet 16. Manifold 10 can connect to another component or components at outlet end 18.
In operation, inlet 16 of manifold 10 is configured to receive a fluid (not shown) from another component(s) or duct. The fluid can be any type of fluid, including air, water, lubricant, fuel, or another fluid. The other component or duct from which fluid is delivered to manifold 10 can be connected to manifold 10 at connection portion 38 of inlet 16.
A flow path of manifold 10 (i.e., the path along which the fluid flows within manifold 10) can include primary channel 36 of inlet 16, central cavity 34 of flow distributor 12, and interior passageway 23 within shroud 14. In sequential order, the fluid flows from inlet 16 through flow distributor 12 to outlet end 18. More specifically, the fluid entering manifold 10 at inlet 16 is channeled through primary channel 36 to central cavity 34 of flow distributor 12. The fluid encounters upstream surface 30 of flow distributor 12 then passes through openings 32 and top opening 33 in a direction from upstream surface 30 to downstream surface 28. As such, fluid flowing through flow distributor 12 is distributed within interior passage 23 (i.e., downstream of flow distributor 12). The fluid can be directed generally toward outlet end 18. From outlet end 18, the fluid can be discharged from manifold 10 into another component or components. For example, manifold 10 can be configured as a header for a heat exchanger and the fluid can flow from outlet end 18 into channels of a heat exchanger core. In other examples, manifold 10 can be implemented with any component or components that would benefit from flow distribution features for flow balance.
Manifold 10 and flow distributor 12 can be integrally formed. To be integrally formed, manifold 10 and its component parts can be formed partially or entirely by additive manufacturing. For metal components (e.g., nickel-based superalloys, aluminum, titanium, etc.) exemplary additive manufacturing processes include powder bed fusion techniques such as direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), laser net shape manufacturing (LNSM), electron beam manufacturing (EBM), to name a few, non-limiting examples. For polymer or plastic components, stereolithography (SLA) can be used. Additive manufacturing is particularly useful in obtaining unique geometries and for reducing the need for welds or other attachments (e.g., between a manifold and flow distributor). However, it should be understood that other suitable manufacturing processes can be used. Additionally, post-manufacture machining techniques can be utilized to form features of manifold 10, such as threads of connection portion 38. In other examples, features like connection portion 38 can be integrally formed with additively manufactured manifold 10.
During an additive manufacturing process, manifold 10 can be formed layer by layer to achieve varied dimensions (e.g., cross-sectional area, wall thicknesses, curvature, etc.) and complex internal passages and/or components. Each additively manufactured layer creates a new horizontal build plane to which a subsequent layer of manifold 10 is fused. That is, the build plane for the additive manufacturing process remains horizontal but shifts vertically by defined increments (e.g., one micrometer, one hundredth of a millimeter, one tenth of a millimeter, a millimeter, or other distances) as manufacturing proceeds. Therefore, manifold 10 can be additively manufactured as a single, monolithic unit or part.
Additive manufacturing techniques allow manifold 10 to be integrally formed as a single part with flow distributor 12. Moreover, manifold 10 including integrally formed flow distributor 12 can be additively manufactured along with a larger component, such as a heat exchanger. That is, a heat exchanger or other component can be additively manufactured to include integrally formed manifold 10 and flow distributor 12 such that the heat exchanger or other component including manifold 10 and flow distributor 12 is a single, monolithic part. The integral formation of manifold 10 with flow distributor 12 by additive manufacturing allows for the consolidation of parts and can reduce or eliminate the need for any post-process machining that is typically required with traditionally manufactured components.
In general, additive manufacturing permits construction of a higher fidelity part driven by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to distribute fluid flow accurately and evenly. More specifically, additive manufacturing permits the creation of more complex or organic geometries that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to manufacture through traditional methods. The overall flow distribution design (i.e., design of integral flow distributor 12) can be determined and/or modified based on CFD analyses and simulations. The size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 32, top opening 33, and/or flow distributor 12 can be optimized through CFD analyses. It is advantageous for optimization to have more options and greater flexibility in possible flow distribution design geometries.
The three-dimensional size, shape, and/or positioning of flow distributor 12 can be more accurately tailored to redistribute fluid flow based on desired flow distribution characteristics. Additionally, or alternatively, the size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 32 and top opening 33 can vary throughout flow distributor 12 depending on the desired flow distribution characteristics. Variations in the size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 32 and top opening 33 can allow for improved flow distribution in a variety of fluid manifold configurations. Flow distributor 12 having variations in the size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 32 and top opening 33 presents an advantage over traditional flow distributors that are limited to having uniformly sized and shaped openings because the present design can be more accurately tailored to redistribute flow based on inlet conditions of a particular fluid manifold or of a particular fluid (e.g., fluid type, flow velocity, inlet orientation, manifold size, etc.).
Manifold 100 includes angled flow distributor 112, shroud 114, angled inlet 116, and outlet end 118. Shroud 114 includes exterior surface 120, interior surface 122, interior passageway 123, and floor 124. Angled flow distributor 112 includes body 126, first surface 128, second surface 130, openings 132, top opening 133, and central cavity 134. Angled flow distributor 112 defines longitudinal axis L2. Angled inlet 116 includes primary channel 136 and connection portion 138 and defines longitudinal axis L3. Manifold 100 has essentially the same structure and function as described above with reference to manifold 10 in
As shown in
Fluid flowing within manifold 100 flows from angled inlet 116 through angled flow distributor 112 to outlet end 118. More specifically, the fluid entering manifold 100 at inlet 116 is channeled through primary channel 136 to central cavity 134 of flow distributor 112. Because longitudinal axis L2 of flow distributor 112 and longitudinal axis L3 of inlet 116 are not aligned, the fluid flow is redirected (i.e., turns) as it passes from primary channel 136 into central cavity 134 (as indicated by arrows in
Manifold 100 and flow distributor 112 can be integrally formed. To be integrally formed, manifold 100 and its component parts can be formed partially or entirely by additive manufacturing. For metal components (e.g., nickel-based superalloys, aluminum, titanium, etc.) exemplary additive manufacturing processes include powder bed fusion techniques such as direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), laser net shape manufacturing (LNSM), electron beam manufacturing (EBM), to name a few, non-limiting examples. For polymer or plastic components, stereolithography (SLA) can be used. Additive manufacturing is particularly useful in obtaining unique geometries and for reducing the need for welds or other attachments (e.g., between a manifold and flow distributor). However, it should be understood that other suitable manufacturing processes can be used. Additionally, post-manufacture machining techniques can be utilized to form features of manifold 100, such as threads of connection portion 138. In other examples, features like connection portion 138 can be integrally formed with additively manufactured manifold 100.
During an additive manufacturing process, manifold 100 can be formed layer by layer to achieve varied dimensions (e.g., cross-sectional area, wall thicknesses, curvature, etc.) and complex internal passages and/or components. Each additively manufactured layer creates a new horizontal build plane to which a subsequent layer of manifold 100 is fused. That is, the build plane for the additive manufacturing process remains horizontal but shifts vertically by defined increments (e.g., one micrometer, one hundredth of a millimeter, one tenth of a millimeter, a millimeter, or other distances) as manufacturing proceeds. Therefore, manifold 100 can be additively manufactured as a single, monolithic unit or part.
Additive manufacturing techniques allow manifold 100 to be integrally formed as a single part with flow distributor 112. Moreover, manifold 100 including integrally formed flow distributor 112 can be additively manufactured along with a larger component, such as a heat exchanger. That is, a heat exchanger or other component can be additively manufactured to include integrally formed manifold 100 and flow distributor 112 such that the heat exchanger or other component including manifold 100 and flow distributor 112 is a single, monolithic part. The integral formation of manifold 100 with flow distributor 112 by additive manufacturing allows for the consolidation of parts and can reduce or eliminate the need for any post-process machining that is typically required with traditionally manufactured components.
In general, additive manufacturing permits construction of a higher fidelity part driven by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to distribute fluid flow accurately and evenly. More specifically, additive manufacturing permits the creation of more complex or organic geometries that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to manufacture through traditional methods. The overall flow distribution design (i.e., design of integral flow distributor 112) can be determined and/or modified based on CFD analyses and simulations. The size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 132, top opening 133, and/or flow distributor 112 can be optimized through CFD analyses. It is advantageous for optimization to have more options and greater flexibility in possible flow distribution design geometries.
The three-dimensional size, shape, and/or positioning of angled flow distributor 112 can be more accurately tailored to redistribute fluid flow based on desired flow distribution characteristics. Specifically, the non-zero angle between longitudinal axis L2 of flow distributor 112 and longitudinal axis L3 of inlet 116 allows flow distributor 112 to improve flow distribution in configurations where the inlet is not aligned with a center of the manifold. Therefore, flow distributor 112 enables the integral construction and optimization benefits described herein to be implemented in a greater variety of fluid flow systems.
Additionally, or alternatively, the size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 132 and top opening 133 can vary throughout flow distributor 112 depending on the desired flow distribution characteristics. Variations in the size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 132 and top opening 133 can allow for improved flow distribution in a variety of fluid manifold configurations. Flow distributor 112 having variations in the size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 132 and top opening 133 presents an advantage over traditional flow distributors that are limited to having uniformly sized and shaped openings because the present design can be more accurately tailored to redistribute flow based on inlet conditions of a particular fluid manifold or of a particular fluid (e.g., fluid type, flow velocity, inlet orientation, manifold size, etc.).
Intermediate passageway 225 is an additional passageway or cavity within shroud 214 that is upstream of floor 224 and bounded by interior surface 222. Intermediate passageway 225 extends between primary channel 236 of inlet 216 and floor 224 of shroud 214. As such, intermediate passageway 225 is fluidly connected to and continuous with primary channel 236. Intermediate passageway 225 separates floor 224 from an interior end of primary channel 236 such that multiple flow distributors 212 can be positioned on floor 224. A distance from the interior end of primary channel 236 to floor 224 (i.e., a height of intermediate passageway 225) can depend on a number, size, and/or arrangement of flow distributors 212. Thus, intermediate passageway 225 can be taller or shorter than the example shown in
Multiple flow distributors 212 are positioned within shroud 214 in interior passageway 223. As shown in
Flow distributors 212 extend from and are continuous with interior surface 222 at floor 224. Flow distributors 212 extend in a downstream direction from floor 224. Flow distributors 212 can be directly adjacent one another or spaced apart on floor 224. Flow distributors 212 can also have parallel longitudinal axes (e.g., as shown in
Central cavities 234 of flow distributors 212 are fluidly connected to and continuous with intermediate passageway 225 and interior passageway 223. Openings 232 extend from first surface 228 to second surface 230 of each flow distributor 212 such that central cavities 234 are in fluid communication with interior passage 223 (i.e., downstream of flow distributors 212). Each of flow distributors 212 can have a same or different configuration of openings 232.
Fluid flowing within manifold 200 flows from inlet 216 through flow distributors 212 to outlet end 218. More specifically, the fluid entering manifold 200 at inlet 216 is channeled through primary channel 236 to intermediate passageway 225. From intermediate passageway 225, fluid flows into central cavities 234 of flow distributors 212. The fluid encounters upstream surfaces 230 of flow distributors 212 then passes through openings 232 and top opening 233 in a direction from upstream surfaces 230 to downstream surfaces 228. As such, fluid flowing through flow distributors 212 is distributed within interior passageway 223 (i.e., downstream of flow distributors 212). The fluid can be directed generally toward outlet end 218. From outlet end 218, the fluid can be discharged from manifold 200 into another component or components.
Manifold 200 and flow distributors 212 can be integrally formed. To be integrally formed, manifold 200 and its component parts can be formed partially or entirely by additive manufacturing. For metal components (e.g., nickel-based superalloys, aluminum, titanium, etc.) exemplary additive manufacturing processes include powder bed fusion techniques such as direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), laser net shape manufacturing (LNSM), electron beam manufacturing (EBM), to name a few, non-limiting examples. For polymer or plastic components, stereolithography (SLA) can be used. Additive manufacturing is particularly useful in obtaining unique geometries and for reducing the need for welds or other attachments (e.g., between a manifold and flow distributor). However, it should be understood that other suitable manufacturing processes can be used. Additionally, post-manufacture machining techniques can be utilized to form features of manifold 200, such as threads of connection portion 238. In other examples, features like connection portion 238 can be integrally formed with additively manufactured manifold 200.
During an additive manufacturing process, manifold 200 can be formed layer by layer to achieve varied dimensions (e.g., cross-sectional area, wall thicknesses, curvature, etc.) and complex internal passages and/or components. Each additively manufactured layer creates a new horizontal build plane to which a subsequent layer of manifold 200 is fused. That is, the build plane for the additive manufacturing process remains horizontal but shifts vertically by defined increments (e.g., one micrometer, one hundredth of a millimeter, one tenth of a millimeter, a millimeter, or other distances) as manufacturing proceeds. Therefore, manifold 200 can be additively manufactured as a single, monolithic unit or part.
Additive manufacturing techniques allow manifold 200 to be integrally formed as a single part with flow distributors 212. Moreover, manifold 200 including integrally formed flow distributors 212 can be additively manufactured along with a larger component, such as a heat exchanger. That is, a heat exchanger or other component can be additively manufactured to include integrally formed manifold 200 and flow distributors 212 such that the heat exchanger or other component including manifold 200 and flow distributors 212 is a single, monolithic part. The integral formation of manifold 200 with flow distributors 212 by additive manufacturing allows for the consolidation of parts and can reduce or eliminate the need for any post-process machining that is typically required with traditionally manufactured components.
In general, additive manufacturing permits construction of a higher fidelity part driven by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to distribute fluid flow accurately and evenly. More specifically, additive manufacturing permits the creation of more complex or organic geometries that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to manufacture through traditional methods. The overall flow distribution design (i.e., design of integral flow distributors 212) can be determined and/or modified based on CFD analyses and simulations. The size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 232, top opening 233, and/or flow distributors 212 can be optimized through CFD analyses. It is advantageous for optimization to have more options and greater flexibility in possible flow distribution design geometries.
The three-dimensional size, shape, and/or positioning of multiple flow distributors 212 can be more accurately tailored to redistribute fluid flow based on desired flow distribution characteristics. Specifically, manifold 200 including multiple flow distributors 212 can improve flow distribution in configurations where the manifold is sufficiently large (e.g., has a large interior passageway 223) such that fluid flow may not be adequately distributed by a single flow distributor. Therefore, flow distributors 212 enable the integral construction and optimization benefits described herein to be implemented in a greater variety of fluid flow systems.
Additionally, or alternatively, the size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 232 and top opening 233 can vary throughout flow distributors 212 depending on the desired flow distribution characteristics. Variations in the size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 232 and top opening 233 can allow for improved flow distribution in a variety of fluid manifold configurations. Flow distributors 212 having variations in the size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 232 and top opening 233 present an advantage over traditional flow distributors that are limited to having uniformly sized and shaped openings because the present design can be more accurately tailored to redistribute flow based on inlet conditions of a particular fluid manifold or of a particular fluid (e.g., fluid type, flow velocity, inlet orientation, manifold size, etc.).
Generally, openings 302A-302E of respective flow distributors 300A-300B can be any suitable shape. For example, as shown in
Referring now to
As shown in
In yet other examples, the size and/or shape of openings 302A and 302B can vary in clusters or sporadically throughout flow distributors 300A and 300B, rather than the progressive variation shown in
A density of openings 302A-302E also varies throughout flow distributors 300A-300E, respectively. As shown in each of
In yet other examples, the density of openings 302A-302E can vary in clusters or sporadically throughout flow distributors 300A-300E, rather than the progressive variation shown in
When flow distributors 300A-300E are implemented in a fluid manifold (e.g., manifold 10 of
In general, additive manufacturing permits construction of a higher fidelity part driven by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to distribute fluid flow accurately and evenly. More specifically, additive manufacturing permits the creation of more complex or organic geometries that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to manufacture through traditional methods. For example, certain sizes, shapes, and arrangements of openings 302A-302E may be possible with additive manufacturing but not feasible with traditional manufacturing techniques. The overall flow distribution design (i.e., design of flow distributors 300A-300E) can be determined and/or modified based on CFD analyses and simulations. The size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 302A-302E and of flow distributors 300A-300E can be optimized through CFD analyses. It is advantageous for optimization to have more options and greater flexibility in possible flow distribution design geometries.
The size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 302A-302E can vary throughout flow distributors 300A-300E depending on the desired flow distribution characteristics. Variations in the size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 302A-302E can allow for improved flow distribution in a variety of fluid manifold configurations. Flow distributors 300A-300E having variations in the size, shape, and/or arrangement of openings 302A-302E present an advantage over traditional flow distributors that are limited to having uniformly sized and shaped openings because the present design can be more accurately tailored to redistribute flow based on inlet conditions of a particular fluid manifold or of a particular fluid (e.g., fluid type, flow velocity, inlet orientation, manifold size, etc.).
The following are non-exclusive descriptions of possible embodiments of the present invention.
A fluid manifold includes an inlet comprising an opening into an interior of the fluid manifold, an outlet end that is positioned opposite the inlet and that is in fluid communication with the inlet, a shroud extending between the inlet and the outlet end and surrounding a flow path of the fluid manifold, and a first flow distributor positioned within the interior of the fluid manifold. The first flow distributor includes a hollow body that extends in a downstream direction. The hollow body includes a first surface at a downstream side of the first flow distributor and a second surface at an upstream side of the first flow distributor, a central cavity defined by the second surface of the hollow body, and openings extending from the first surface to the second surface such that a fluid can pass from the central cavity through the openings to be directed within the fluid manifold. The first flow distributor and the fluid manifold are integrally formed.
The fluid manifold of the preceding paragraph can optionally include, additionally and/or alternatively, any one or more of the following features, configurations and/or additional components:
The shroud can include an exterior surface and an interior surface, the interior surface can define the flow path of the fluid manifold, and the first flow distributor can be continuous with the interior surface of the shroud.
A longitudinal axis of the first flow distributor can form a non-zero angle with a longitudinal axis of the inlet.
The shroud can be asymmetric about a longitudinal axis of the first flow distributor.
The fluid manifold can include a second flow distributor positioned within the interior of the fluid manifold.
The fluid manifold can include an intermediate fluid passageway positioned between the inlet and the first and second flow distributors.
A shape of the openings can vary throughout the first flow distributor.
The openings can be arranged in rows and the shape of the openings can vary laterally along the rows.
The shape of the openings can vary along a longitudinal axis of the first flow distributor.
A size of the openings on a first side of the first flow distributor can be greater than a size of the openings on a laterally opposite second side of the first flow distributor.
A size of the openings can vary throughout the first flow distributor.
The openings can be arranged in rows and the size of the openings can vary laterally along the rows.
The size of the openings can vary along a longitudinal axis of the first flow distributor.
A density of the openings can vary throughout the first flow distributor.
The first flow distributor can have a circular cross-sectional area.
The openings can be tear drop shaped.
The openings can be rounded.
At least one of a size, a shape, and an arrangement of the openings can be determined based on a CFD analysis to optimize flow distribution in the fluid manifold.
A flow distributor for a fluid manifold includes a hollow body including a first surface at a downstream side of the flow distributor and a second surface at an upstream side of the flow distributor, a central cavity defined by the second surface of the hollow body, and openings extending from the first surface to the second surface such that a fluid can pass from the central cavity through the openings to be directed within the fluid manifold.
The flow distributor of the preceding paragraph can optionally include, additionally and/or alternatively, any one or more of the following features, configurations and/or additional components:
At least one of a size, a shape, and a density of the openings can vary throughout the flow distributor.
While the invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment(s), it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment(s) disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.