BACKGROUND
Electronic components, such as integrated circuits are becoming more and more common in various devices. Under certain circumstances, it is important for the integrated circuit substrate to have various qualities or attributes. Often certain qualities are balanced against other qualities. It is sometimes important for the substrate to have low thermal conductivity, low mass, low cost, low dielectric constant, high strength, etc. Depending upon the application, some of these qualities may be less important than others and the design team makes trade-offs to maximize the desired qualities with the minimum weaknesses and costs.
Accordingly, there exists a need in the industry for materials that can be used for integrated circuit substrates that meet the different electrical and physical requirements of current electronics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment, there is disclosed a semiconductor substrate material for producing a semiconductor substrate, the semiconductor substrate material comprising a multitude of hollow microspheres, each one of the multitude of hollow microspheres having an inner layer and an outer layer, the inner layer comprising a first material, the outer layer comprising a second material, and the first material and the second material differing from one another, wherein the first material of the inner layer of each of the multitude of hollow microspheres has a first melting point, wherein the second material of the outer layer of the multitude of hollow microspheres has a second melting point, and wherein the first melting point is higher than the second melting point.
Other embodiments are also disclosed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete appreciation of this invention, and many of the attendant advantages thereof, will be readily apparent as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference symbols indicate the same or similar components, wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional of a hollow microsphere in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional of a slurry of hollow microspheres in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional of a hardened matrix of hollow microspheres in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a flow chart for manufacturing a substrate in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional of a fired matrix of hollow microspheres in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart for manufacturing a substrate in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a glass-coated, hollow microsphere in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a slurry of glass-coated, hollow microspheres in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a dried matrix of glass-coated, hollow microspheres in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 illustrates a flow chart for manufacturing a substrate in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 9 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a fired matrix of glass-coated, hollow microspheres in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a glazed surface of a fired matrix of glass-coated, hollow microspheres in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 13 illustrates a flow chart for manufacturing a substrate in accordance with the embodiments of FIGS. 5, 11 or 12 of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT
As shown in the drawings for purposes of illustration, the present invention relates to techniques for manufacturing a integrated circuit substrate using ceramic, glass or glass-coated ceramic, hollow microspheres to create a substrate is low thermal conductivity, low dielectric constant, low electrical conductivity, light weight and high strength.
Turning now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-section of a hollow microsphere 10. The hollow microsphere 10 may be made of ceramic or glass 20 and may have a hollow, gas filled interior, such as any glass or ceramic microsphere manufactured by 3M under the trade name microsphere, Zeeospheres, Scotchlite glass bubbles, or other known glass or ceramic, hollow microsphere of silica-alumina ceramic, alkali alumina silicate, soda-lime-borosilicate, or other similar substance. The microspheres may be of 1.0-225 micron in size, with a 200-1040.degree. C. melting temperature and externally coated with binding materials to allow microsphere matrix wafer formation.
FIG. 2 shows microspheres 10 in a slurry matrix 40 composed of an appropriate vehicle for the desired substrate applications. For example, slurry matrix 40 may be composed of glass particles; binders, such as ethyl celluose, acrylics, polyvinyl alcohols, organic polymers; solvents, such as water, acetone, polyglycols; viscosity modifiers, such as surfactants, organic thickeners or other fillers as required to accomplish the desired substrate characteristics for thermal conductivity, dielectric constant, mass, strength, cost of materials and manufacture, etc.
FIG. 3 shows microspheres 10 in a dried or cured slurry matrix 50. As is readily apparent in FIG. 3, the microspheres 10 have a random arrangement in the dried or cured slurry matrix 50. FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a possible method to manufacture a substrate according to FIGS. 1-3, in which microspheres 10 are combined 12 with an appropriate matrix 40, dried or cured 14 until the slurry matrix 40 hardens, and formed 16 into semiconductor wafers or integrated circuit die 50. The slurry matrix 40 may be dried or cured by heat, x-ray, high-energy radiation, electron beam, microwave or by any other known drying or curing method. The slurry matrix may be formed into wafers or die either before or after the slurry matrix 40 is dried or cured. The slurry matrix 40 may be formed into wafers or die by means of die cutting, stamping, powder pressing, lamination, etc. It should be noted that the matrix of microspheres may be formed into wafers of integrated circuit substrates prior to the drying step, in which case the forming would be by means of doctor blade casting, mold casting, etc.
FIG. 5 shows fired slurry matrix 60 with hollow microspheres 10. As shown in FIG. 6, this method would include combining 22 the microspheres 10 with the matrix 60, firing 24 the slurry matrix and forming 26 wafers or integrated circuit substrates of the matrix 60 containing microspheres 10. This process may more particularly comprise ball milling or spraying to mix the microsphere matrix raw materials 22, firing the microsphere matrix to sinter materials and laser cutting, saw cutting, grinding, etc. to form the final wafer form.
FIG. 7 show a cross-sectional view of a glass coated microsphere 100 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The microsphere 100 may include a high temperature glass or ceramic hollow microsphere 120 that is coated with a low temperature glass 130. The inner microsphere 120 may be any hollow, gas filled interior, such as any glass or ceramic microsphere manufactured by 3M under the trade name microsphere, Zeeospheres, Scotchlite glass bubbles, or other known glass or ceramic, hollow microsphere of silica-alumina ceramic, alkali alumina silicate, soda-lime-borosilicate or other similar substance. The outer low temperature glass coating 130 may be made by spray coating, slurry coating, vapor deposition, etc. The composition of the inner microsphere 120 and the other glass coating 130 may be selected such that the outer glass coating 130 has a lower melting temperature than the inner microsphere 120. By way of example only, the glass-coated microspheres may be made of a microsphere of approximately 10-250 microns in size with 500-1040.degree. C. melting temperature and have an outer layer of glass of 1.0-10.0 microns in thickness with a 200-330.degree. C. melting temperature.
FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of glass-coated microspheres 100 in a slurry matrix 140 composed of an appropriate vehicle for the desired substrate applications. For example, slurry matrix 140 may be composed of glass particles; binders, such as borophosphate glass and polyvinyl alcohol binder; solvents, such as water; viscosity modifiers, such as liquid surfactants or magnesium silicates thickening agents or other fillers as required to accomplish the desired substrate characteristics for thermal conductivity, dielectric constant, mass, strength, cost of materials and manufacture, etc.
FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of glass-coated microspheres 100 in a dried or cured slurry matrix 150. As is readily apparent in FIG. 9, the glass-coated microspheres 100 have a random arrangement in the dried or cured slurry matrix 150. FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a possible method to manufacture a substrate according to FIGS. 7-9, in which glass-coated microspheres 100 are combined 112 with an appropriate matrix 140, dried or cured 114 until the slurry matrix 140 hardens, and formed 116 into semiconductor wafers or integrated circuit die 150. The slurry matrix 140 may be dried or cured by heat, x-ray, high-energy radiation, microwave, ultraviolet, radiation or by any other known drying or curing method. The slurry matrix 140 may be formed into wafers, integrated circuit substrates or die either before or after the slurry matrix 140 is dried or cured. The slurry matrix 140 may be formed into wafers or die by means of die cutting, stamping, cutting, etc. It should be noted that the matrix of glass-coated microspheres may be formed into wafers or integrated circuit substrates prior to the drying step, in which case the forming would be by means of knife coating (tape casting), mold casting, calendaring, etc.
FIG. 11 shows cross-sectional view of fired glass-coated microspheres 100. As shown in FIGS. 11-13, this method would include firing 212 the glass-coated microspheres 100 and forming 214 wafers or integrated circuit substrates of the glass-coated microspheres 100. The firing or sintering step 212 should be at a temperature such that the outer glass-coating 130 of the glass-coated microspheres melts and the microspheres 100 become sintered or glued together 155. The firing or sintering temperature should not be high enough to melt the inner glass or ceramic microspheres 120.
Thus, the outer glass coating material 130 should be selected from any of several materials such as, borophosphate glass, borosilicate glass, etc., such that it has a relatively low melting point. And the inner microsphere 120 should be selected from any known microsphere with a higher melting point than the outer glass coating material, such that when the outer glass coating is sintered, the inner microsphere does not melt, but the outer glass coatings of the microspheres essentially binds, sinters or glues the microspheres together. This process may optionally include glazing 216 of a top surface 160 of the wafer or integrated circuit substrate in order to smooth the surface of the substrate of sintered glass-coated microspheres 100. The glazing process may include screen printing thick film glass 160, spin coating glass, vapor deposition, etc.
The present invention may create a semiconductor substrate having applications where there are requirements for high strength of ceramic; lightweight substrate; low dielectric-constant substrate, (such as in high frequency circuit applications, a need for less capacitive coupling, low loss of signal propagation or microwave applications); or applications requiring low thermal conductivity.
Although this preferred embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope of the invention, resulting in equivalent embodiments that remain within the scope of the appended claims.
Patent Application
20060202309
