The present disclosure relates generally to a rocker arm assembly for use in a valve train assembly and, more particularly, to a rocker arm assembly that incorporates an integrated engine brake to perform an engine brake function.
Compression engine brakes can be used as auxiliary brakes, in addition to wheel brakes, on relatively large vehicles, for example trucks, powered by heavy or medium duty diesel engines. A compression engine braking system is arranged, when activated, to provide an additional opening of an engine cylinder's exhaust valve when the piston in that cylinder is near a top-dead-center position of its compression stroke so that compressed air can be released through the exhaust valve. This causes the engine to function as a power consuming air compressor which slows the vehicle.
In a typical valve train assembly used with a compression engine brake, the exhaust valve is actuated by a rocker arm which engages the exhaust valve by means of a valve bridge. The rocker arm rocks in response to a cam on a rotating cam shaft and presses down on the valve bridge which itself presses down on the exhaust valve to open it. A hydraulic lash adjuster may also be provided in the valve train assembly to remove any lash or gap that develops between the components in the valve train assembly.
The background description provided herein is for the purpose of generally presenting the context of the disclosure. Work of the presently named inventors, to the extent it is described in this background section, as well as aspects of the description that may not otherwise qualify as prior art at the time of filing, are neither expressly nor impliedly admitted as prior art against the present disclosure.
According to various aspects of the present disclosure, an exhaust valve rocker arm for an exhaust valve rocker arm assembly operable in a combustion engine drive mode and an engine braking mode, and configured to selectively open first and second exhaust valves is provided. In one example, the exhaust valve rocker arm includes a body defining an aperture to receive a rocker shaft such that the body is rotatable about the rocker shaft, a bore defined in the body, and a rotating stepped engine brake capsule disposed in the bore and having a castellation mechanism. The rotating stepped engine brake capsule is movable between a locked, engine brake active position and an unlocked, engine brake inactive position.
In addition to the foregoing, the described rocker arm may include one or more of the following features: a rocker arm spigot assembly configured to engage a valve bridge to selectively actuate the first and second exhaust valves; wherein the rotating stepped engine brake capsule having the castellation mechanism includes a first castellation member configured to rotate relative to a second castellation rotatable; and wherein the rotating stepped engine brake capsule further includes a biasing mechanism disposed between the first and second castellation mechanisms and configured to bias the first and second castellation mechanisms apart.
In addition to the foregoing, the described rocker arm may include one or more of the following features: wherein the first castellation member includes a gap disposed between fingers, and the second castellation member includes a stepped projection, wherein the stepped projection is received within the gap when the rotating stepped engine brake capsule is in the unlocked position such that the second castellation member is operable to collapse toward the first castellation member, and wherein the stepped projection engages one of the fingers when the rotating stepped engine brake capsule is in the locked position such that the exhaust valve rocker arm is configured to open the first exhaust valve to perform an engine braking operation.
In addition to the foregoing, the described rocker arm may include one or more of the following features: wherein the stepped projection includes a first stepped surface, a second stepped surface, and a slot; a plunger assembly operatively associated with the rotating stepped engine brake capsule to move the rotating stepped engine brake capsule between the locked and unlocked positions; wherein the plunger assembly comprises a plunger defining a seat to at least partially receive a biasing mechanism; wherein the plunger assembly is disposed within a second bore formed in the body; and wherein the plunger includes an annular flange configured to be received within the rotating stepped engine brake capsule, wherein translating movement of the plunger is configured to move the rotating stepped engine brake capsule between the locked and unlocked positions.
According to other aspects of the present disclosure, a rocker arm assembly operable in a combustion engine drive mode and an engine braking mode, and configured to selectively open first and second exhaust valves, is provided. In one example, the assembly includes a rocker shaft, an exhaust valve rocker arm configured to receive and rotate about the rocker shaft, and a rotating stepped engine brake capsule coupled to the exhaust valve rocker arm and having a castellation mechanism. The rotating stepped engine brake capsule is movable between a locked, engine brake active position and an unlocked, engine brake inactive position.
In addition to the foregoing, the described rocker arm assembly may include one or more of the following features: wherein the rotating stepped brake capsule with castellation mechanism is actuated by an intermediate rod; wherein the intermediate rod is actuated by a cam lobe disposed on a cam shaft; wherein intermediate rod is actuated by a solenoid; wherein the rotating stepped brake capsule with castellation mechanism is actuated by a hydraulic actuator; and wherein the rotating stepped brake capsule with castellation mechanism is actuated by a rotating intermediate arm.
In addition to the foregoing, the described rocker arm assembly may include one or more of the following features: wherein the rotating intermediate arm is actuated by a camshaft; wherein the rotating intermediate arm is actuated by a solenoid; wherein the rotating stepped brake capsule with castellation mechanism is actuated by a solenoid acting on a plunger with a detent; and a plunger assembly operatively associated with the rotating stepped engine brake capsule to move the rotating stepped engine brake capsule between the locked and unlocked positions.
The present disclosure will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Heavy duty (HD) diesel engines with single overhead cam (SOHC) valvetrains require high braking power, in particular at low engine speed. The present disclosure provides an added motion type decompression engine brake. To provide high braking power without applying high load on the rest of the valvetrain (particularly the camshaft), the present disclosure provides a rocker arm assembly having a rotating stepped brake capsule with castellation mechanism for engine braking that acts on one exhaust valve. In this regard, half of the input load is experienced compared to other configurations that have two exhaust valves opening.
With reference to
In the example embodiment, each cylinder includes an intake valve rocker arm assembly 20 and an exhaust valve rocker arm assembly 22. The intake valve rocker arm assembly 20 is configured to control motion of intake valves of an associated engine (not shown).
In the example embodiment, the exhaust valve rocker arm assembly 22 incorporates integrated engine brake functionality and is configured to control opening of exhaust valves 24, 26 of the engine. In general, the exhaust valve rocker arm assembly 22 is configured to control exhaust valve motion in a combustion engine drive mode and an engine brake mode, as will be described herein in more detail. Moreover, the exhaust valve rocker arm assembly 22 is configured to act on one of the two exhaust valves 24, 26 during the brake mode.
With continued reference to
The valve bridge 32 is configured to engage the first and second exhaust valves 24, 26 associated with a cylinder of the engine. In the illustrated example, the first exhaust valve 24 is a non-braking exhaust valve that is biased by a valve spring 40, and the second exhaust valve 26 is a braking exhaust valve that is biased by a valve spring 42. The exhaust rocker arm 30 rotates around the rocker shaft 14 based on a lift profile of a cam shaft (not shown), as described herein in more detail, and a pass through pin 44 is positioned on the valve bridge 32 to enable actuation of exhaust valve 26 without actuation of valve bridge 32 or first exhaust valve 24.
In the example implementation, the exhaust rocker arm assembly 22 provides an integrated design with limited changes to a valvetrain, and the rotating stepped brake capsule 36 provides high durability and stiffness. Actuation of each brake capsule 36 is accomplished by an actuator 46 (
Upon such rotation, actuation arms 48 are positioned to engage a projection 52 of an intermediate arm 54 to cause rotation thereof about rocker shaft 14. Rotation of the intermediate arm 54 about rocker shaft 14 causes an attached member or pin 56 to engage a plunger assembly 80 for actuation of the brake capsule 36, as described herein in more detail. Further, a biasing member 58 (
With particular reference to
In the example embodiment, the first castellation member 60 can be a cup-like castellated capsule body having a series of crenels or gaps 68 disposed between merlons or fingers 70, and the second castellation member 62 can be a ring-like member rotatably disposed within the first castellation member 60. In the illustrated example, second castellation member 62 includes a plurality of stepped projections 72 at least one of which defines a first stepped surface 74, a second stepped surface 76, and a slot 78. The castellation biasing member 64 (e.g., a spring) is configured to bias the first and second castellation members 60, 62 apart.
A plunger assembly 80 is configured to rotate the second castellation member 62 relative to the first castellation member 60 to switch the engine brake capsule 36 between a locked position (
In the example embodiment, the plunger assembly 80 generally includes a plunger 82 defining a seat 84, and a biasing mechanism 86 slidably disposed within a bore 88 formed in the rocker arm 30. The plunger 82 includes a first end 90, a second end 92, and an annular flange 94. The first end 90 is configured to be selectively engaged by intermediate arm pin 56, and the second end 92 defines seat 84. Biasing mechanism 86 (e.g., a spring) is disposed at least partially in seat 84 between plunger 82 and the end-wall forming bore 88. Moreover, in some embodiments, a second biasing mechanism 96 (e.g., a spring) can be disposed between the seat 84 and the plunger first end 90 (e.g., see
As discussed, the engine brake capsule 36 is movable between the brake inactive position and the brake active position via actuation of actuator 46. In the brake unlocked, inactive position (
With reference to
In the drive mode (
At point 124, the exhaust cam rotates exhaust rocker arm 30 even farther to where lost motion spring assembly 38 no longer absorbs the rocker arm motion, thereby causing downward movement of valve bridge 32 and opening of exhaust valves 24, 26 during the standard time (exhaust stroke) while the brake capsule 36 is fully collapsed. At point 126, exhaust valves 24, 26 close at the standard time (end of exhaust stroke) and brake capsule 36 begins to re-extend as the exhaust cam returns to base circle.
In brake mode (
Accordingly, when motion of the exhaust cam (line 100) causes rotation of the exhaust rocker arm 30 at point 130, the locked brake capsule 36 transfers motion to the exhaust valve 26, as shown by line 110. At the same time, motion of the rocker arm spigot assembly 34 is absorbed by lost motion spring assembly 38 such that motion is not transferred to the valve bridge 32 or exhaust valve 24, as shown by line 108. The locked brake capsule 36 also provides brake lift for exhaust valve 26 at point 132 (line 110) while exhaust valve 24 remains closed (line 108). At point 134, exhaust valve 24 opens normally for the exhaust stroke.
Point 136 represents a reset point where the exhaust rocker arm 30 is rotated such that intermediate arm pin 56 falls out of contact with plunger 82, thereby allowing plunger assembly 80 to reset and transition brake capsule 36 back to the unlocked, collapsible mode (
In one example operation, actuator 46 selectively rotates cam shaft 50 causing cam lobe 150 to rotate into contact with actuation rod first end 158, thereby causing rod second end 160 to move into contact with plunger 82 and effecting movement of brake capsule 36 to the active brake mode, as described herein. Alternatively, brake capsule 36 can be arranged such that the actuation transitions the brake capsule 36 from the active brake mode to the inactive brake mode. Additionally, the plunger 82 can have compliance added thereto with the second biasing mechanism 96 to enable the plunger 82 to collapse until the capsulation is free to move.
In one example operation, actuator 166 is selectively actuated to translate intermediate actuation rod 168 into translating contact with plunger 82, thereby effecting movement of brake capsule 36 to the active brake mode, as described herein. Alternatively, brake capsule 36 can be arranged such that the actuation transitions the brake capsule 36 from the active brake mode to the inactive brake mode.
In one example operation, hydraulic actuator 176 is selectively actuated by supplying fluid to chamber 184, which causes pin 180 to overcome the bias of biasing mechanism 182 and translate into contact with the plunger 82, thereby effecting movement of brake capsule 36 from the inactive brake mode to the active brake mode (or vice versa in alternative arrangements).
During actuation of solenoid 202, second plunger 212 is translated toward and into contact with plunger 82 to effect operation of the brake mode (e.g., brake activated). Accordingly, the detent plunger 204 decreases required force from solenoid 202 and reduces holding force. Alternatively, brake capsule 36 can be arranged such that the actuation transitions the brake capsule 36 from the active brake mode to the inactive brake mode.
The foregoing description of the examples has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or features of a particular example are generally not limited to that particular example, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected example, even if not specifically shown or described. The same may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.
This application is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/US2018/045956 filed Aug. 9, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional App. No. 62/545,184, filed Aug. 14, 2017, U.S. Provisional App. No. 62/550,950, filed Aug. 28, 2017, and U.S. Provisional App. No. 62/575,598, filed Oct. 23, 2017, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference thereto.
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20120186546 | Cecur | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20150144096 | Meneely | May 2015 | A1 |
20150159520 | Cecur | Jun 2015 | A1 |
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2867482 | Dec 2016 | EP |
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Entry |
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International Search Report and Written Opinion for International Application No. PCT/US2018/045956 dated Nov. 30, 2018. |
European Search Report for EP Application No. 18845817.8 dated Apr. 21, 2021. |
Number | Date | Country | |
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20200182108 A1 | Jun 2020 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62545184 | Aug 2017 | US | |
62550950 | Aug 2017 | US | |
62575598 | Oct 2017 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | PCT/US2018/045956 | Aug 2018 | US |
Child | 16789852 | US |