Patent Grant
11280571
This disclosure relates to muzzle accessories for use with small arms, and more particularly to a flash hider and suppressor incorporating a flash hider.
Firearm design involves many non-trivial challenges. In particular, firearms such as rifles and machine guns have faced complications with reducing the audible and visible signature produced by firing the weapon, while also maintaining the desired performance. Some accessories are designed to be mounted to the muzzle-end of a firearm barrel in one or more particular rotational orientations to accomplish a desired effect. For example, a muzzle brake is typically mounted to a firearm barrel in a particular rotational orientation in order to direct propellant gases sideways or rearward from the barrel and to prevent gases from being redirected upward into the line of sight of the firearm operator or downward where they may stir up dust. Suppressors are another muzzle accessory intended to reduce the audible report of the firearm. Suppressors are generally configured to slow the expansion and release of pressurized gases from the barrel of the firearm, thereby reducing the audible report when discharging the firearm. A flash hider is yet another muzzle accessory that is designed to reduce the visible signature of the firearm by controlling the expansion of propellant gases exiting the muzzle. The flash hider controls the expansion of propellant gases exiting the barrel to reduce visible flash.
The figures depict various embodiments of the present disclosure for purposes of illustration only. Numerous variations, configurations, and other embodiments will be apparent from the following detailed discussion.
Disclosed is a flash hider for a firearm and a suppressor including the flash hider, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Depending on the intended application and the performance sought, a suppressor assembly with an integral flash hider can be configured for various levels of audible and/or visual signature reduction. In addition, the suppressor optionally can be configured to reduce the gas backflow into the firearm's receiver, as can occur when a suppressor is used with semi-automatic and automatic rifles.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, a flash hider has a body with an outer wall that extends along a central axis from a proximal end to a distal end. For example, the outer wall has a frustoconical shape. The proximal end defines a central opening to an inner or central volume that expands along the central axis to the distal end. One or more outer volumes are located radially outside of the central volume. For example, some or all of the outer volumes can communicate with the central volume. In some such embodiments, the central volume and outer volumes comprise a first flash hider portion. In another example, some or all of the outer volumes are isolated from the central volume along the length of the flash hider, where such outer volumes are part of a second flash hider portion.
In some embodiments, outer volumes are distributed circumferentially about the central volume. In one example, the outer volumes have a circumferentially spaced-apart arrangement, where the outer volumes are defined between flow partitions extending inward from the outer wall of the flash hider body. In one such embodiment, each flow partition generally has a U-shape with sides and an inner surface. For example, the flow partition is a 3-dimensional solid or hollow structure extending inward towards the central axis from the outer wall. The negative space between adjacent flow partitions defines an outer volume or gas expansion region that directs exiting propellant gas away from central axis. In some such embodiments, the outer volumes are continuous with the central volume and function as expansion chambers for propellant gases entering the flash hider through the central opening.
In another embodiment, the flash hider has a first flash hider portion and a second flash hider portion. The first flash hider portion includes an inner volume and a plurality of outer volumes in communication with the inner volume. Some of the outer volumes are isolated from the central volume and receive propellant gasses through vent openings in the outer wall. These outer volumes are part of the second flash hider portion and are interspersed circumferentially with the outer volumes of the first flash hider portion. In one example, the flow partitions are hollow and define gas passageways that are isolated from the first flash hider portion by the walls defining the flow partition.
In some embodiments, the flash hider can include forward venting ports to vent off-axis gas flows and reduce the pressure of flow through the central volume. In one example, a first portion of gases entering the flash hider through the central opening flow through inner and outer volumes of the first flash hider portion. A second portion of gases, such as off-axis gas flows in the suppressor, can enter the passageways of the second flash hider portion via the vent openings, where the second flash hider portion provides an additional flow path for propellant gases to exit the suppressor. In another example, the flash hider defines openings through a flange extending radially outward from the distal end of the suppressor body. The flange openings can be a third flash hider portion that vent gases from an outer chamber in the suppressor, for example.
In accordance with some embodiments, first and second flash hider portions can be configured to provide the desired level of flash suppression. The flash hider can be integral to the distal end of a suppressor assembly and can have flash hider portions corresponding to central and radially outer gas flow paths through the suppressor, such as a first flash hider portion for gases flowing along a central axis of the suppressor and a second flash hider portion for radially outer gas flows through the suppressor. In addition to reducing or controlling flash, some flash hiders of the present disclosure can reduce the build-up of pressure in the suppressor and therefore reduce the amount of propellant gases flowing backward to the receiver of semiautomatic and automatic firearms.
As noted above, non-trivial issues may arise that complicate weapons design and performance of firearms. For instance, one non-trivial issue pertains to the fact that the discharge of a firearm normally produces an audible and visible signature that results from rapidly expanding propellant gases and from the projectile leaving the muzzle at a velocity greater than the speed of sound. It is generally understood that attenuating the audible report may be accomplished by slowing the rate of expansion of the propellant gases. Reducing the visible signature or flash can be accomplished by controlling the expansion of gases exiting the muzzle. Muzzle flash may include two main components. A red glow is visible where gas flow transitions from supersonic to subsonic flow, sometimes referred to as a Mach disk or flow diamond. A brighter or white flash is visible when oxygen from the ambient air ignites and burns with the propellant gases.
In general, a flash hider can reduce the visible signature by lowering the temperature and velocity of gases that exit the muzzle and by promoting a controlled, gradual expansion of the gases. More specifically, it has been found that the size of the Mach disk and the position of the Mach disk relative to the muzzle can be controlled with certain features of the flash hider. For example, flash can be reduced by reducing the amount of ambient air that mixes with gases exiting the muzzle (e.g., by reducing turbulence) restricting the gas expansion, or both. Reducing flash is a function of temperature, pressure, barrel length, the type of ammunition being fired, and other factors. Reducing one component of muzzle flash may enhance another component of flash, as will be appreciated. Thus, reducing the visible signature while also reducing the audible signature of a firearm presents non-trivial challenges.
By slowing down the expansion and release of combustion from the muzzle when a shot is fired, some suppressor designs result in a containment, trapping, and delayed release of pressurized gas from the suppressor. A localized volume of high-pressure gas within the suppressor naturally follows the path of least resistance to regions of lower pressure. Such condition is generally not problematic in the case of a bolt-action rifle because the operator opens the bolt to eject the spent casing in a time frame that is much greater than the time required for the gases in the suppressor to disperse through the distal (forward) end of the suppressor. However, in the case of a semi-automatic rifles, automatic rifles, or a machine gun, the bolt opens very quickly after firing (e.g., 1-10 milliseconds) to reload and cock the firearm for the next shot. In this short time, pressurized gases in the suppressor may flow back through the barrel and out through the chamber and ejection port towards the operator's face, rather than following the tortuous path to exit through the distal end of suppressor. To avoid introducing particulates and combustion residue to the chamber, and to avoid combustion gases being directed towards the operator's face, it would be desirable to reduce the pressure build up within the suppressor and in turn reduce or eliminate back flow into the firearm's receiver. Additionally, it would be desirable to reduce back flow of gases into the receiver while at the same time retaining effective sound suppression and effective flash suppression.
To address these needs and others, and in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, a flash hider is configured for use with a suppressor for small arms. In some embodiments, the flash hider is an integral part of the suppressor. For example, the flash hider can be made as a single piece with a suppressor body, or the flash hider can be welded or otherwise permanently fixed to the distal end of a suppressor. In other embodiments, the flash hider can be a removable part of the suppressor assembly, such as having a threaded interface with the suppressor body.
In some embodiments, the suppressor includes a first flash hider portion that controls gas expansion along an inner volume of the flash hider as well as providing outer gas expansion chambers radially outside of the inner volume. The flash hider can also include a second flash hider portion that includes one or more gas pathways located outside of the inner volume of the first flash hider portion. In embodiments having the second flash hider portion, the first flash hider portion may or may not include outer volumes. For example, outer volumes of the first flash hider portion are interspersed circumferentially with volumes of the second flash hider portion. The flash hider can be configured to direct a portion of the combustion gases through the first flash hider portion and, in tandem, direct other portions of the combustion gasses through the second flash hider portion.
In one embodiment, a flash hider has a first flash hider portion with an expanding, inner volume that extends along a central axis of the suppressor. A second flash hider portion includes a plurality of outer gas passageways defined by partitions connected to the inside of the flash hider body and extending inward. The gas passageways of the second flash hider portion can be distributed in a circumferentially spaced arrangement around the outside of the inner volume, where the radially inner walls of the partitions circumscribe at least part of the frustoconical inner volume. The first flash hider portion also includes outer volumes between adjacent partitions such that the outer volumes and the gas passageways of the second flash hider portion are interspersed around the outside of the inner volume. Some such embodiments approximate the combination of a three-prong flash hider within a frustoconical flash hider body.
In one example, the second flash hider portion includes three outer passageways, each within flow partitions of the same size (e.g., spanning ˜70-80°) and that are evenly spaced circumferentially. Each outer passageway of the second flash hider portion communicates with the volume of the suppressor via vent openings, such as a single rear vent opening and one or more smaller forward vent openings.
In yet other embodiments, the second flash hider portion includes secondary outer passageways radially outward of each outer volume of the first flash hider portion. For example, circumferential wall segments extend between and connect sides of adjacent partitions so as to divide the negative space between adjacent flow partitions into an outer volume of the first flash hider portion and a secondary radially outer volume of the second flash hider portion. In some such embodiments, each secondary radially outer volume communicates with a vent opening in the outer wall and is isolated from the first flash hider portion along the length of the flash hider. Optionally, the flash hider can have a third flash hider portion with gas pathways isolated from those of the first and second flash hider portions. In one example embodiment, a distal face of the flash hider defines through openings that vent gases traveling along an outside chamber or an off-axis flow path of the suppressor.
A flash hider as variously disclosed herein can be a stand-alone muzzle attachment, a permanent part of a suppressor assembly, or a removable portion of a suppressor assembly for a firearm. In one example, the flash hider is integrally formed as a single piece with or otherwise permanently fixed in the distal end portion of a suppressor or suppressor housing. In one such embodiment, gases flowing along the suppressor central axis enter the proximal end of the flash hider through a central opening and exit through passageways of the first flash hider portion. In some embodiments, off-axis gas flows and/or gases flowing through a radially outer chamber in the suppressor exit the suppressor via the second flash hider portion. For example, a portion of the propellant gases flow through vent openings in an outer wall of the flash hider and on through radially outer volumes of the second flash hider portion. In another embodiment, propellant gases in a radially outer chamber of the suppressor vent forward through openings in a distal face of the flash hider. Such openings can be part of a third flash hider portion having flow paths that are distinct from those of the first and second flash hider portions. Numerous variations and embodiments will be apparent in light of the present disclosure.
A suppressor including a flash hider in accordance with the present disclosure can reduce flash in the visible and infrared wavelengths emitted from the distal end of the suppressor. Also, being integrated into the suppressor, the suppressor housing protects the relatively thin walls of the flash hider from damage and eliminates the open prongs found in other flash hiders that are prone to snag on vegetation or the like. Another advantage is to provide a variety of pathways for propellant gases to exit the distal end of the suppressor, which can reduce both flash and pressure build up, in accordance with some embodiments.
A flash hider or a suppressor including the flash hider can be manufactured by molding, casting, machining, 3-D printing, or other suitable techniques. For example, additive manufacturing—also referred to as 3-D printing—can facilitate manufacture of complex geometries that would be difficult or impossible to make using conventional machining techniques.
Flash hiders of the present disclosure are illustrated as having a frustoconical geometry or other geometry with a circular cross-sectional shape. Other cross-sectional shapes can be used, such as square, rectangular, hexagonal, elliptical, or other closed geometry. Additionally, surfaces are illustrated has having a smooth arcuate shape. The present disclosure is not limited to the geometries illustrated and such surfaces could similarly be faceted, planar, sinuous, zig-zag, or have other profiles. Further, some embodiments including an inner wall and an outer wall are illustrated with these walls both having a frustoconical geometry. It is contemplated that the inner wall and the outer wall need not have the same cross-sectional shape. Thus, the term “annular” encompasses the region between two concentric circles as well as regions between other closed geometries, whether the same or not. For example, the outer wall can have a hexagonal cross-sectional shape while the inner wall has a circular cross-sectional shape. Numerous variations and embodiments will be apparent in light of the present disclosure.
As will be appreciated in light of this disclosure, and in accordance with some embodiments, a suppressor assembly configured as described herein can be utilized with any of a wide range of small arms, including but not limited to, machine guns, semi-automatic rifles, short-barreled rifles, submachine guns, pistol-caliber carbines, pistols, and long-range rifles. In accordance with some example embodiments, a suppressor configured as described herein can be configured for use with a firearm chambered in 5.56×45 mm, 7.62×51 mm, 7.62×39 mm, 6.5 mm Creedmoor, 6.8×51 mm, .300 BLK, or .338 Norma Magnum ammunition, to name a few examples. Examples of some host firearms include the SIG SL MAG, SIG MCX™, SIG516™, SIG556™, SIGM400™, or SIG 716™ rifles produced by Sig Sauer, Inc. Other suitable host firearms and ammunition will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
It should be noted that, while generally referred to herein as a flash hider for consistency and ease of understanding the present disclosure, the disclosed flash hider is not limited to that specific terminology and alternatively can be referred to, for example, as a flash suppressor, a flash guard, a suppressor end cap, or other terms. As will be further appreciated, the particular configuration (e.g., materials, dimensions, etc.) of a flash hider or suppressor configured as described herein may be varied, for example, depending on whether the intended end-use is military, tactical, or civilian in nature. Numerous configurations will be apparent in light of this disclosure.
As can be seen in the side view of
Gases enter the first flash hider portion 120 through the central opening 110. In this example, the first flash hider portion 120 includes both an inner volume 120a and a plurality of outer volumes 120b, where the outer volumes 120b are continuous with and communicate with the inner volume 120a. A first portion of gases enters the first flash hider portion 120 by flowing through the central opening 110 and passing generally along the central axis 102. The first portion of gases can expand into the outer volumes 120b between adjacent flow partitions 128 that extend inward towards the central axis 102 from the outer wall 103.
In this example, each flow partition 128 is a hollow structure defined by a radially inner wall 128a and sides connecting the radially inner wall 128a to the outer wall 103. As shown in this and other examples, the radially inner wall 128a has an arcuate shape; however, each radially inner wall 128a can be planar (flat), faceted, sinuous, or have other geometries. Numerous variations and embodiments will be apparent in light of the present disclosure.
The inner volume 120a is circumscribed in part by and defined in part by the radially inner walls 128a of the flow partitions 128. Each outer volume 120b is positioned radially between the inner volume 120a and the outer wall 103. Each outer volume 120b is also positioned circumferentially between adjacent flow partitions 128 of the second flash hider portion 122. For example, the inner volume 120a has a frustoconical geometry extending along the central axis 102. In some such embodiments, the radially inner walls 128a of the flow partitions 128 have an inner wall angle B with the central axis 102 from 4-11°, including 5-8°, or 6-7°, for example. Such a value for the inner wall angle B has been found to slow down propellant gases as they exit to the environment as well as to reduce the amount of hot propellant gases that mix with ambient air/oxygen. Accordingly, and without being constrained to any particular theory, it is believed that such an inner wall angle B permits adequate gas expansion yet also desirably reduces the size of a “Mach disk” or “flow diamond”—appearing as an orange or red flash—as propellant gases transition from supersonic to subsonic flow.
A second portion of gases can enter the second flash hider portion 122 via vent openings 130 and flow through the radially outer volumes 124. In some embodiments, the radially outer volumes 124 of the second flash hider portion 122 are within the flow partitions 128. Accordingly, the radially outer volumes 124 are isolated from the first flash hider portion 120 by flow partitions 128 connected along their lengths to the outer wall 103. In this example, each flow partition 128 connects to the proximal end 104 of the flash hider 100 adjacent the central opening 110 and extends forward to the distal end 106. Accordingly, the flow partition 128 isolates the radially outer volume 124 from the first flash hider portion 120. As viewed from the front, as in
Gases can enter the radially outer volumes 124 of the second flash hider portion 122 via vent openings 130 in the outer wall 103, rather than through the central opening 110, in accordance with some embodiments. Optionally, the distal end portion of the outer wall 103 defines one or more distal vent openings 132 in communication with one or more of the radially outer volumes 124 of the second flash hider portion 122. When the flash hider 100 is part of a suppressor assembly, some or all of the gases flowing through the suppressor along a radially outer flow path can enter the second flash hider portion 122 through proximal vent openings 130 and/or through distal vent openings 132 (when present). Absent any openings through the flow partition 128 or gases entering the second flash hider portion 122 from the distal end 106, gases entering the central opening 110 are isolated from and cannot flow through the radially outer volumes 124 of the second flash hider portion 122.
In one example, each flow partition 128 has a shape of a curved rectangle or annular sector as viewed from the distal end 106, where a radially outer volume 124 is defined between the flow partition 128 and the outer wall 103. The radially outer volumes 124 are distributed and spaced circumferentially about the central axis 102. In some embodiments, all flow partitions 128 have the same dimensions and are evenly distributed about the central axis 102, although this is not required.
One advantage of venting radially outer volumes or off-axis flow of the suppressor is to reduce pressure of the gases flowing along the central axis 102. In doing so, flash is also reduced. Venting through the second flash hider portion 122 also can reduce pressure in the suppressor and therefore reduce back flow of gases into the firearm's chamber, such as when used with semi-automatic or automatic rifles. Further, isolating the gas flow through the second flash hider portion 122 from the first flash hider portion 120 inhibits mixing and turbulence, and therefore reduces the visible signature of the firearm, as will be appreciated.
Referring now to
When a shot is fired, gases 301 flowing along the central axis 102 enter the flash hider 100 through the central opening 110. A first portion of gases 301 expands as it flows along the frustoconical inner volume 120a. The first portion of gases 301 further expands into the outer volumes 120b of the first flash hider portion 120. Flow partitions 128 extending radially inward from the outer wall 103 function to disperse and cool propellant gases passing through the first flash hider portion 120. The flow partitions 128 can extend linearly or helically along the outer wall 103. In combination, the outer volumes 120b of the first flash hider portion 120 provide radial expansion of propellant gases passing through the central opening 110 and direct a portion of the expanding propellant gases away from the central axis 102. At the same time, the inner volume 120a directs and controls the expansion of gases traveling along the central axis 102.
A second portion of gases 303 flowing along an off-center flow path radially inside of the inner wall 204 of the suppressor assembly 200 can enter the second flash hider portion 122 through the proximal vent opening 130 and travel through radially outer volumes 124. A third portion of gases 305 in the outer chamber 210 of the suppressor assembly 200 may pass through an opening 206 in the inner wall 204 of the suppressor assembly 200 and mix with the second portion of gases 303, or vice versa. In this example, the third portion of gases 305 flowing through the outer chamber 210 can enter the radially outer volume 124 of the second flash hider portion 122 via distal vent opening 132. In other embodiments, the third portion of gases 305 can vent through openings in the flange 107, as discussed in more detail below.
Note that the radially outer volume 124 of the second flash hider portion 122 is physically separated from the first flash hider portion 120 (including inner volume 120a and outer volumes 120b) by flow partitions 128 that are attached to the outer wall 103 and define the radially outer volume 124. In some embodiments, the sides of the flow partitions 128 extend substantially radially (e.g., within ±5° of a true radial direction) toward the central axis 102, providing larger radially outer volumes 124 and smaller secondary radially outer volumes 136. Also, as noted above, venting the third portion of gases 305 in the outer chamber 210 and the second portion of gases 303 through the second flash hider portion 122 reduces pressure of the first portion of gases 301 exiting the suppressor through the central opening 110. Venting secondary gas flows through the second flash hider portion 122 can reduce pressure build-up in the suppressor 200, which, especially for semi-automatic and automatic weapons, can reduce gas flow backward into the chamber when the action cycles. Reducing pressure inside the suppressor assembly 200 also reduces velocity and turbulence of the central gas flow, and in turn, the size of the Mach disk is also reduced.
Referring now to
In the example of
As shown in the side cross-sectional view of
In this example, the flash hider 100 includes three radially outer volumes 124 and three secondary radially outer volumes 136, each of which receives gases through an individual proximal vent opening 130 in the outer wall 103. In other embodiments, the flash hider 100 can include more or fewer radially outer volumes 124 and secondary radially outer volumes 136, such as two, four, five, or other quantity. In yet other embodiments, the number of secondary radially outer volumes 136 need not equal the number of radially outer volumes 124. In one such embodiment, the flash hider 100 has secondary radially outer volumes 136 only between some radially outer volumes 124. For example, the flash hider 100 includes four radially outer volumes 124 rotationally distributed every ninety degrees. Secondary radially outer volumes 136 are arranged 180° from each other between opposite pairs of adjacent radially outer volumes 124. In another embodiment, the secondary radially outer volumes 136 can be concentrated in a certain region, such as along an upper or lower portion of the flash hider 100. Numerous variations and embodiments will be apparent in light of the present disclosure.
In this example, the sides of the flow partitions 128 extend substantially radially (e.g., within ±5° of a true radial direction), providing larger radially outer volumes 124 and smaller secondary radially outer volumes 136. This geometry also increases the ratio of the radially outer volume 124 to secondary radially outer volume 136. Accordingly, to promote greater gas flow through the relatively larger radially outer volumes 124, proximal vent openings 130 can have a relatively larger size for radially outer volumes 124 and a relatively smaller size for secondary radially outer volumes 136, such as shown in
In some embodiments, the secondary radially outer volumes 136 can have a reduced radial dimension, a reduced circumferential width, or both, compared to the radially outer volumes 124. The value of angle C contributes to the size of the secondary radially outer volumes 136. The reduced radial size and/or reduced circumferential width may result in a reduced volume compared to that of the radially outer volumes 124, as will be appreciated. In one embodiment, each secondary radially outer volume 136 has a volume that is less than two thirds of one radially outer volume 124, including less than one half, less than one third, less than one quarter, from one quarter to two thirds, one quarter to one half, lone quarter to one third, one third to two thirds of one radially outer volume 124. Numerous variations and embodiments will be apparent in light of the present disclosure.
Referring now to
The second flash hider portion 122 includes radially outer volumes 124 and secondary radially outer volumes 136, which are interspersed along the outer wall 103. Together with a portion of the outer wall 103, each flow partition 128 defines a radially outer volume 124 of the second flash hider portion 122. Each radially outer volume 124 is physically separated from the first flash hider portion 120 by the flow partition 128 and receives gases through a proximal vent opening 130 in the outer wall 103. In this example, each flow partition 128 generally has a square cross-sectional shape. A circumferential wall segment 138 extends between and connects adjacent flow partitions 128. Each secondary radially outer volume 136 is located radially between the circumferential wall segment 138 and the outer wall 103, and circumferentially between adjacent flow partitions 128. In this example, the flash hider 100 has three radially outer volumes 124 interspersed with three secondary radially outer volumes 136. In this embodiment, each radially outer volume 124 has an approximately square cross-sectional shape with substantially parallel sides (e.g., within ±5°) and substantially parallel top and bottom walls (e.g., within ±5°). Each secondary radially outer volume has the shape of an arcuate, elongated rectangle. Other geometries are acceptable.
Referring now to
In this example, the flash hider 100 includes an outer wall 103 and an inner wall 114 coaxially arranged within the outer wall 103. Both the outer wall 103 and the inner wall 114 have a frustoconical shape, but other geometries are acceptable provided that each wall provides an expanding volume for gases flowing through the flash hider 100. The first flash hider portion 120 is defined within the inner wall 114 and extends along the central axis 102. Gases enter the first flash hider portion 120 via the central opening 110 at the proximal end 104 and can expand as permitted and controlled by the inner wall 114.
The second flash hider portion 122 has an annular shape located radially between the inner wall 114 and the outer wall 103. Gases enter the second flash hider portion 122 via proximal vent openings 130. As shown in
In the example shown, flow partitions 128 divide the annular volume between the inner wall 114 and the outer wall 103 into separate radially outer volumes 124, where adjacent radially outer volumes 124 are separated along their entire axial lengths. In other embodiments, some or all of the flow partitions 128 can be configured to permit some amount of communication between adjacent radially outer volumes 124, such as defining an opening. In one such embodiment, flow partitions 128 extend radially between the inner wall 114 and the outer wall 103 adjacent the front or distal end 106 and extend rearward towards the rear or proximal end 104 along only a portion of the axial distance. In another embodiment, one or more flow partitions 128 define openings that allow communication between adjacent radially outer volumes 124.
In the example of
Referring now to
The second flash hider portion 122 includes a plurality of radially outer volumes 124 arranged in a circumferentially spaced-apart relationship along the outer wall 103. The radially outer volumes 124 are circumferentially interspersed with outer volumes 120b of the first flash hider portion 120. For example, each flow partition 128 is a hollow structure that is connected to the outer wall 103 and defines a passageway that is isolated from the first flash hider portion 120. In this example, gases enter each radially outer volume 124 through one or more proximal vent openings 130.
Flash hider 100 also includes a third flash hider portion 123 configured to vent gases through openings 125 in distal face 108. When included as part of a suppressor assembly, for example, gases 305 flowing through a radially outer chamber 210 (e.g., shown in
In one example embodiment, a wall 126 extends rearwardly from a flange 107 at the distal end 106 to the flange 134 along the outer wall 103. The wall 126 defines a passageway for gases to vent through openings 125 in the flange 107. Gases can enter the passageways of the third flash hider portion 123 via ports 127. In one embodiment, the ports 127 are openings in the sides of wall 126 that define the third flash hider portion 123 such that the ports 127 face in a circumferential direction. Such orientation of the ports 127 requires a tortuous path that reduces velocity and energy of gases prior to exiting through the distal face 108. In other embodiments, ports 127 can be axially aligned, can define a serpentine flow path to openings 125, or have some other suitable orientation. In yet other embodiments, wall 126 is omitted and gases can exit directly through openings 125 in flange 107/distal face 108. In such an embodiment, the distal face 108 can define openings 125 in number, size, and orientation as suitable to reduce pressure in a suppressor and/or to reduce the firearm's visible signature. Numerous variations and embodiments will be apparent in light of the present disclosure.
In the example shown in
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
In this example, each radially outer volume 124 is positioned adjacent the radially inner wall 128a of each flow partition 128 and is radially outside of the inner volume 120a of the first flash hider portion 120. Each radially outer volume 124 radially overlaps part of each outer volume 120b of the first flash hider portion 120. The radially outer volumes 124 receive gases via proximal vent openings 130 as well as through one or more distal vent openings 132. In this example, each radially outer volume 124 has one proximal vent opening 130 and three distal vent openings 132. A flange 134 on the outside of the flash hider 100 can be connected to an inner wall of a suppressor, for example. In one such embodiment, a radially outer volume of the suppressor can vent primarily through distal vent openings 132 and off-axis gases inside of the inner wall can vent primarily through the proximal vent openings 130. Gases flowing along the central axis 102 can vent through the central opening 110 and first flash hider portion 120.
Referring now to
In this example, the flash hider 100 includes an inner wall 114 and an outer wall 103, both having an annular shape extending along a central axis 102 that expands in size moving distally. The inner wall 114 is arranged coaxially within the outer wall 103 and the inner wall 114 is connected to the outer wall 103 at the proximal end 104 of the flash hider 100. As shown in this example, the outer wall 103 and the inner wall 114 both have a frustoconical shape, but other geometries are also acceptable provided that each wall provides an expanding volume for gases flowing through the flash hider 100.
The inner volume 120a is defined inside of the inner wall 114 and extends along the central axis 102. The outer volume 120b is between the inner wall 114 and the outer wall. As shown here, the outer volume 120b can be a single outer volume 120b with an annular cross-sectional shape. In other embodiments, the region between the inner wall 114 and the outer wall 103 can be divided into two or more outer volumes 120b by flow partitions 128 (shown, e.g., in
The inner volume 120a communicates with the outer volume 120b via openings 121 in the inner wall 114. Gases enter the flash hider 100 via the central opening 110 at the proximal end 104 and can expand into the inner volume 120a, guided in part by the inner wall 114. These gases can further expand into the outer volume 120b through openings 121. In one embodiment, each opening 121 has an elongated shape that extends a majority of the distance from the proximal end 104 to the distal end 106. The openings 121 can have a shape of an oval, diamond, paddle, teardrop, wedge, slit, or some other geometry. Here, each opening 121 has a narrow proximal end and expands in width to a wider middle and distal portion, where the middle portion has the greatest width. The inner wall 114 can define two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or any other number of openings 121.
In one embodiment, the inner wall 114 and openings 121 are similar in appearance to the M16A1 “birdcage” flash hider developed for the M16 rifle. Here, however, the inner wall 114 is connected to the proximal end of and positioned within the larger volume of the outer wall 103. Accordingly, gases enter the outer volume 120b via openings 121, rather than directly through the central opening 110. That is, gases flowing through the outer volume 120b must first enter the inner volume 120a and then enter the outer volume 120b via the openings 121 in the inner wall 114. Gases expanding through the openings 121 in the inner wall 114 are constrained by the outer wall along the length of the flash hider 100.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Flow partitions 128 extend between and connect the inner wall 114 and the outer wall 103 to divide the annular space between the inner wall 114 and the outer wall 103 into outer volumes 120b of the first flash hider portion 120 and radially outer volumes 124 of the second flash hider portion 122. In this embodiment, three outer volumes 120b of the first flash hider portion 120 are interspersed circumferentially with three radially outer volumes 124 of the second flash hider portion 122. More or fewer flow partitions 128 can be used, as will be appreciated. Each outer volume 120b of the first flash hider portion 120 communicates with the inner volume 120a via an opening 121 in the inner wall 114. However, the radially outer volumes 124 of the second flash hider portion 122 are isolated from the first flash hider portion 120 by the flow partitions 128 and inner wall 114. More specifically, the inner wall 114 lacks openings 121 in regions of the inner wall 114 that define part of a radially outer volume 124 of the second flash hider portion 122. Accordingly, the radially outer volumes 124 are isolated from the first flash hider portion 120 along the length of the flash hider 100.
Gases can enter the first flash hider portion 120 via the central opening 110 on the proximal end 104 and can expand into the inner volume 120a and into the outer volumes 120b via openings 121. Gases can enter the radially outer volumes 124 of the second flash hider portion 122 via proximal vent openings 130 in the outer wall 103. Optionally, the outer wall 103 also defines distal vent openings 132 to the radially outer volumes 124 of the second flash hider portion 122. In some such embodiments, the flash hider includes a flange 134 on the outer wall 103 that can be connected to an inner wall 204 of a suppressor assembly 200 (e.g., shown in
The following examples pertain to further embodiments, from which numerous permutations and configurations will be apparent.
Example 1 is a flash hider for a suppressor, the flash hider comprising a flash hider body extending along a central axis from a proximal end to a distal end, the proximal end defining a central opening, the flash hider body having an outer wall defining one or more vent openings; a first flash hider portion defining an inner volume that expands along the central axis between the proximal end and the distal end; and a second flash hider portion with one or more gas passageways radially outside of the inner volume, the gas passageways of the second flash hider portion in fluid communication with the one or more vent openings and isolated from the inner volume along an axial length of the flash hider.
Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, wherein the inner volume has a frustoconical shape circumscribed in part by the gas passageways of the second flash hider portion.
Example 3 includes the subject matter of Examples 1 or 2, wherein the first flash hider portion includes a plurality of outer volumes in fluid communication with the inner volume, the plurality of outer volumes interspersed circumferentially with the plurality of gas passageways of the second flash hider portion.
Example 4 includes the subject matter of Example 3, wherein the plurality of outer volumes and the plurality of gas passageways of the second flash hider portion are distributed circumferentially along the outer wall.
Example 5 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-4, wherein each of the plurality of gas passageways is defined at least in part by a hollow flow partition connected to the outer wall.
Example 6 includes the subject matter of Example 5, wherein each hollow flow partition includes a radially inner wall and sides connecting the radially inner wall to the outer wall.
Example 7 includes the subject matter of Example 6, wherein sides of the flow partition extend radially towards the central axis.
Example 8 includes the subject matter of Example 7, wherein each of the plurality of gas passageways has a sector shape.
Example 9 includes the subject matter of Example 7, wherein sides of the flow partition are substantially parallel.
Example 10 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-9, wherein the one or more vent openings includes at least one vent opening for each of the plurality of gas passageways.
Example 11 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-10, wherein the one or more vent openings includes at least one proximal vent opening located closer to the proximal end and at least one distal vent opening located closer to the distal end.
Example 12 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-11, wherein plurality of gas passageways of the second flash hider portion includes at least three gas passageways.
Example 13 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-12, wherein the gas passageways of the second flash hider portion are evenly distributed circumferentially.
Example 14 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-13, wherein a circumferential length of each gas passageway of the second flash hider portion is greater than or equal to a circumferential width between adjacent gas passageways.
Example 15 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-13, wherein a circumferential length of each gas passageway of the second flash hider portion is less than a circumferential width between adjacent gas passageways.
Example 16 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-15, wherein each of the plurality of gas passageways spans from 30 to 80 degrees along the outer wall.
Example 17 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-16 and further comprises a flange on the distal end, the flange extending radially outward from the outer wall.
Example 18 includes the subject matter of Example 17, wherein the flange defines a plurality of distal vent openings.
Example 19 includes the subject matter of Example 18 and further comprises a wall extending rearwardly from a proximal face of the flange to an outside of the outer wall, the wall defining a passageway to at least one of the plurality of distal vent openings.
Example 20 includes the subject matter of Example 19, wherein the passageway has an inlet opening oriented transversely to the central axis so as to define a non-linear gas flow path to each distal vent opening.
Example 21 is a flash hider for a suppressor, the flash hider comprising a hollow flash hider body having an outer wall extending along a central axis from a proximal end to a distal end, the proximal end defining a central opening, wherein a volume of the flash hider body increases in size moving towards the distal end; and flow partitions extending into the volume from the outer wall toward the central axis, the flow partitions distributed about the central axis in a circumferentially spaced-apart arrangement, each of the flow partitions having sides and a radially inner surface; wherein the volume includes (i) an inner volume that expands along the central axis between the proximal end and the distal end, the inner volume circumscribed by the radially inner surfaces of the flow partitions, and (ii) a plurality of outer volumes located radially outside of the inner volume and continuous with the inner volume, the plurality of outer volumes interspersed circumferentially with the flow partitions.
Example 22 includes the subject matter of Example 21, wherein the outer wall follows a frustoconical shape.
Example 23 includes the subject matter of Examples 21 or 22, wherein the sides of each flow partition.
Example 24 includes the subject matter of Examples 21 or 22, wherein the sides of each flow partition extend radially from the outer wall.
Example 25 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 21-24, wherein each of the flow partitions defines a gas passageway extending therethrough generally in an axial direction, the gas passageway isolated by the flow partition from the inner volume and the outer volumes along an axial length of the flash hider.
Example 26 includes the subject matter of Example 25, wherein the gas passageway communicates with an outside of the outer wall via one or more proximal vent openings.
Example 27 includes the subject matter of Example 26, wherein the gas passageway further communicates with an outside of the outer wall via one or more distal vent openings.
Example 28 is a suppressor for a firearm, the suppressor including the flash hider of any of Examples 1-27. The suppressor comprises a suppressor housing extending along a central axis from a proximal suppressor end to a distal suppressor end, where the flash hider is secured to the suppressor housing at or near the distal suppressor end.
Example 29 includes the subject matter of Example 28, wherein the suppressor defines a central suppressor volume and a radially outer volume, the central suppressor volume configured to direct propellant gases into the central opening of the flash hider.
Example 30 includes the subject matter of Example 29, wherein the radially outer volume of the suppressor is isolated at least in part from the central suppressor volume by an inner tubular wall located within and coaxially arranged with the housing.
Example 31 includes the subject matter of Example 30, wherein the inner tubular wall is connected to the outer wall of the flash hider.
Example 32 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 28-31, wherein the flash hider is a monolithic structure with the suppressor housing.
Example 33 is a suppressor for a firearm, the suppressor comprising a tubular suppressor housing extending along a central axis from a first end to a second end; and a flash hider secured to the housing adjacent the second end, the flash hider having (a) a hollow flash hider body with an outer wall extending along the central axis from a proximal end to a distal end, the proximal end defining a central opening, a volume of the flash hider body increasing in size moving towards the distal end; and (b) flow partitions extending into the volume from the outer wall toward the central axis, the flow partitions distributed about the central axis in a circumferentially spaced-apart arrangement, each of the flow partitions having sides and a radially inner surface; wherein the volume includes (i) an inner volume that expands along the central axis between the proximal end and the distal end, the inner volume circumscribed by the radially inner surface of the flow partitions, and (ii) a plurality of outer volumes located radially outside of the inner volume and continuous with the inner volume, the plurality of outer volumes interspersed circumferentially with the flow partitions.
Example 34 includes the subject matter of Example 33, wherein at least part of the outer wall has a frustoconical shape.
Example 35 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 33-34, wherein the sides of each flow partition are substantially parallel.
Example 36 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 33-34, wherein the sides of each flow partition extend substantially in a radial direction from the outer wall.
Example 37 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 33-36, wherein each of the flow partitions defines a gas passageway isolated from the inner volume and the outer volumes along an axial length of the flash hider.
Example 38 includes the subject matter of Example 37, wherein each flow partition generally has a U shape with sides of the U connected to the outer wall.
Example 39 includes the subject matter of Examples 37 or 38 and further comprises an inner suppressor wall extending axially along an inside of the suppressor housing and coaxially arranged with the suppressor housing, wherein the suppressor defines an inner suppressor volume within the inner suppressor wall and an outer suppressor volume between the suppressor housing and the inner suppressor wall.
Example 40 includes the subject matter of Example 39, wherein the tubular suppressor housing is connected to the distal end of the flash hider and wherein the inner suppressor wall is connected to the outer wall of the flash hider.
Example 41 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 37-40, wherein the gas passageway has a proximal end portion in fluid communication with the outer suppressor volume via a proximal vent opening.
Example 42 includes the subject matter of Example 41, wherein the gas passageway further communicates with the outer suppressor volume via one or more distal vent openings.
Example 43 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 33-42, wherein the flash hider is a monolithic structure with the tubular suppressor housing.
Example 44 is a suppressor for a firearm, the suppressor comprising a suppressor housing extending along a central axis from a first end to a second end; and a flash hider secured to the second end of the suppressor housing. The flash hider comprises a flash hider body extending along the central axis from a proximal end to a distal end, the proximal end defining a central opening, the flash hider body having an outer wall defining one or more vent openings; a first flash hider portion defining a central volume that expands along the central axis between the proximal end and the distal end; and a second flash hider portion including a plurality of gas passageways radially outside of the central volume, the plurality of gas passageways in fluid communication with the one or more vent openings and isolated from the central volume.
Example 45 includes the subject matter of Example 44, wherein the first end of the suppressor housing is configured to attach to a barrel of a firearm.
Example 46 includes the subject matter of Examples 44 or 45 and further comprises an inner suppressor wall extending axially along an inside of the suppressor housing and coaxially arranged with the suppressor housing, wherein the suppressor defines an inner suppressor volume within the inner suppressor wall and an outer suppressor volume between the suppressor housing and the inner suppressor wall.
Example 47 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 44-46, wherein the central volume has a frustoconical shape defined in part by the gas passageways of the second flash hider portion.
Example 48 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 44-47, wherein the first flash hider portion includes a plurality of outer volumes that are continuous with the central volume, the plurality of outer volumes interspersed circumferentially with the plurality of gas passageways of the second flash hider portion.
Example 49 includes the subject matter of Example 48, wherein the plurality of outer volumes and the plurality of gas passageways of the second flash hider portion are distributed circumferentially along the outer wall.
Example 50 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 44-49, wherein each of the plurality of gas passageways is defined at least in part by a flow partition connected to the outer wall.
Example 51 includes the subject matter of Example 50, wherein the flow partition generally has a U shape with ends of the U connected to an inside of the outer wall.
Example 52 includes the subject matter of Examples 50 or 51, wherein sides of the flow partition extend radially towards the central axis.
Example 53 includes the subject matter of Example 52, wherein each of the plurality of gas passageways has a sector shape.
Example 54 includes the subject matter of Example 51, wherein sides of the flow partition are substantially parallel.
Example 55 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 44-54, wherein the one or more vent openings includes at least one vent opening for each of the plurality of gas passageways.
Example 56 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 44-55, wherein the one or more vent openings includes at least one proximal vent opening located closer to the proximal end and at least one distal vent opening located closer to the distal end.
Example 57 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 44-56, wherein plurality of gas passageways of the second flash hider portion includes at least three gas passageways.
Example 58 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 44-57, wherein the gas passageways of the second flash hider portion are evenly distributed circumferentially.
Example 59 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 44-58, wherein a circumferential length of each of the plurality of gas passageways of the second flash hider portion is greater than or equal to a circumferential width between adjacent gas passageways.
Example 60 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 44-58, wherein a circumferential length of each of the plurality of gas passageway of the second flash hider portion is less than a circumferential width between adjacent gas passageways.
Example 61 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 44-60, wherein each of the plurality of gas passageways spans from 30 to 80 degrees along the outer wall.
Example 62 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 44-61 and further comprises a flange on the distal end of the flash hider, the flange extending radially outward from the outer wall to the suppressor housing.
Example 63 includes the subject matter of Example 62, wherein the flange defines a plurality of distal vent openings.
Example 64 includes the subject matter of Example 63 and further comprises a wall extending rearwardly from the flange and defining a passageway to at least one of the plurality of distal vent openings, the passageway having an inlet opening.
Example 65 includes the subject matter of Example 64, wherein the inlet opening is directed transversely to the central axis.
Example 66 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 44-65, wherein the flash hider is a monolithic structure with the suppressor housing.
Example 67 is a flash hider for a suppressor, the flash hider comprising a flash hider body extending along a central axis from proximal end to a distal end, the flash hider body including a first wall having an annular shape that expands in volume towards the distal end; and a second wall connected to the proximal end of the flash hider body, the second wall having an annular shape that is coaxially arranged within the first wall and that expands in volume towards the distal end, the second wall defining a plurality of openings. The flash hider body defines one or more outer volumes between the second wall and the first wall, and the first wall defines an inner volume in communication with the one or more outer volumes via the plurality of openings. In one example, the outer volume is a single, uninterrupted outer volume that surrounds the inner volume.
Example 68 includes the subject matter of Example 67 and further comprises a plurality of flow partitions extending between and connecting the first wall and the second wall, the plurality of flow partitions distributed about the central axis in a circumferentially spaced-apart arrangement. The flow partitions can divide the region between the first and second walls into a plurality of outer volumes, where at least some of the outer volumes communicate with the inner volume via the openings in the second wall.
Example 69 includes the subject matter of Example 68, wherein each of the plurality of flow partitions extends radially between the first wall and the second wall.
Example 70 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 67-69, wherein at least one of the first wall and the second wall has a frustoconical shape.
Example 71 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 67-70, wherein inner volume and the outer volumes are part of a first flash hider portion, and the flash hider body further defines a second flash hider portion including a plurality of radially outer volumes interspersed circumferentially with the outer volumes of the first flash hider portion. The first wall is an outer wall that defines at least one vent opening in communication with each radially outer volume of the second flash hider portion. The first flash hider portion is isolated from the second flash hider portion along a length of the flash hider body.
Example 72 includes the subject matter of Example 71, wherein the at least one vent opening includes one or more proximal vent openings and one or more distal vent openings.
Example 73 includes the subject matter of Example 72 and further comprises a flange extending outward from an outside of the first wall.
Example 74 is a suppressor for a firearm, the suppressor comprising a tubular suppressor housing extending along a central axis from a first end to a second end; and a flash hider secured to the housing adjacent the second end, the flash hider having (i) a flash hider body extending along a central axis from proximal end to a distal end, the flash hider body including a first wall having an annular shape that expands in volume towards the distal end, and (ii) a second wall connected to the proximal end of the flash hider body, the second wall having an annular shape that is coaxially arranged within the first wall and that expands in volume towards the distal end, the second wall defining a plurality of openings; wherein the flash hider body defines one or more outer volumes between the second wall and the first wall, and the first wall defines an inner volume in communication with the one or more outer volumes via the plurality of openings.
Example 75 includes the subject matter of Example 74 and further comprises a plurality of flow partitions extending between and connecting the first wall and the second wall, the plurality of flow partitions distributed about the central axis in a circumferentially spaced-apart arrangement.
Example 76 includes the subject matter of Example 75, wherein each of the plurality of flow partitions extends radially between the first wall and the second wall.
Example 77 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 74-76, wherein at least one of the first wall and the second wall has a frustoconical shape.
Example 78 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 74-77 wherein inner volume and the outer volumes are part of a first flash hider portion, the flash hider body further defining a second flash hider portion including a plurality of radially outer volumes interspersed circumferentially with the outer volumes of the first flash hider portion; wherein the outer wall defines at least one vent opening in communication with each radially outer volume of the second flash hider portion; and wherein the first flash hider portion is isolated from the second flash hider portion along a length of the flash hider body.
Example 79 includes the subject matter of Example 78, wherein the at least one vent opening includes one or more proximal vent openings and one or more distal vent openings.
Example 80 includes the subject matter of Example 79 and further comprises a flange on an outside of the first wall.
Example 81 includes the subject matter of Example 80 and further comprises an inner suppressor wall extending axially along an inside of the suppressor housing and coaxially arranged with the suppressor housing, wherein the suppressor defines an inner suppressor volume inside of the inner suppressor wall and an outer suppressor volume between the suppressor housing and the inner suppressor wall.
Example 82 includes the subject matter of Example 81, wherein the tubular suppressor housing is connected to the distal end of the flash hider and wherein the inner suppressor wall is connected to the flange on the first wall of the flash hider.
Example 83 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 74-82, wherein the flash hider is a monolithic structure with the tubular suppressor housing.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the disclosure has been presented for the purpose of illustration; it is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claims to the precise forms disclosed. Persons skilled in the relevant art can appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure.
The language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. It is therefore intended that the scope of the disclosure be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by any claims that issue on an application based hereon. Accordingly, the disclosure of the embodiments is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
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