Patent Grant
8935298
This relates generally to process plant maintenance, control and viewing applications and, more particularly, to the generation and use of a common navigational tree having sections thereof associated with data from different applications in a process plant.
Process plants, such as those used in chemical, petroleum or other industries, typically include one or more centralized or decentralized process controllers communicatively coupled to at least one host or operator workstation and to one or more process control and instrumentation devices, such as field devices, via analog, digital or combined analog/digital buses. Field devices, which may be, for example valves, valve positioners, switches, transmitters, and sensors (e.g., temperature, pressure and flow rate sensors), perform functions within the process such as increasing or decreasing fluid flow and measuring process parameters. The process controller receives signals indicative of process measurements or process variables made by or associated with the field devices and/or other information pertaining to the field devices, uses this information to implement a control routine and then generates control signals which are sent over one or more of the buses or other communication lines to the field devices to control the operation of the process. Information from the field devices and the controller is typically made available to one or more applications executed by operator workstations to enable an operator to perform desired functions with respect to the process, such as viewing the current state of the process, modifying the operation of the process, etc.
While a typical process plant has many process control and instrumentation devices, such as valves, transmitters, sensors, etc. connected to one or more process controllers which execute software that controls these devices during the operation of the process, there are many other supporting devices which are also necessary for or related to process operation. These additional devices include, for example, power supply equipment, power generation and distribution equipment, rotating equipment such as turbines, etc., which are located at numerous places in a typical plant. While this additional equipment does not necessarily create or use process variables and, in many instances, is not controlled or even coupled to a process controller for the purpose of affecting the process operation, this equipment is nevertheless important to and ultimately necessary for proper operation of the process.
As a result, many process plants, and especially those which use smart field devices, include applications that are used to help monitor and maintain the devices within the plant regardless of whether these devices are process control and instrumentation devices or are other types of devices. For example, the Asset Management Solutions (AMS) application sold by Emerson Process Management, enables communication with and stores data pertaining to field devices to ascertain and track the operating state of the field devices. An example of such a system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,960,214 entitled “Integrated Communication Network for use in a Field Device Management System.” In some instances, the AMS application may be used to communicate with devices to change parameters within the device, to cause the device to run applications on itself, such as self calibration routines or self diagnostic routines, to obtain information about the status or health of the device, etc. This information may be stored and used by a maintenance person to monitor and maintain these devices. Likewise, there are other types of applications which are used to monitor other types of devices, such as rotating equipment and power generation and supply devices. These other applications are typically available to the maintenance persons and are used to monitor and maintain the devices within a process plant. In many cases, however, outside service organizations may perform services related to monitoring process performance and equipment. In these cases, the outside service organizations acquire the data they need, run typically proprietary applications to analyze the data and merely provide results and recommendations to the process plant personnel.
Still further, many process plants have other computers associated therewith which execute applications related to business functions or maintenance functions. For example, some plants include computers which execute applications associated with ordering raw materials, replacement parts or devices for the plant, applications related to forecasting sales and production needs, etc.
Typically, the functions associated with the process control activities, the device and equipment maintenance and monitoring activities, and the business activities are separated, both in the location in which these activities take place and in the personnel who typically perform these activities. Furthermore, the different people involved in these different functions generally use different tools, such as different applications run on different computers, to perform the different functions. In many instances, these different tools collect or use different types of data associated with or collected from the devices or equipment within the process and are set up differently to collect the data they need. For example, process control operators who generally oversee the day to day operation of the process and who are primarily responsible for assuring the quality and continuity of the process operation typically affect the process by setting and changing set points within the process, tuning loops of the process, scheduling process operations such as batch operations, etc. These process control operators may use available tools for diagnosing and correcting process control problems within a process control system, including, for example, auto-tuners, loop analyzers, neural network systems, etc. Process control operators also receive process variable information from the process via one or more process controllers which provide information to the operators about the operation of the process, including alarms generated within the process. Still further, it is typical to provide control optimizers, such as real time optimizers, within a plant to optimize the control activities of the process plant. Such optimizers typically use complex models of the plant to predict how inputs may be changed to optimize operation of the plant with respect to some desired optimization variable such as, for example, profit. While this information may be provided to the process control operator via standard user interface devices, the process control operators are generally interested in viewing and accessing the information within the applications based on how the process plant is set up and configured from a control standpoint.
On the other hand, maintenance personnel who are primarily responsible for assuring that the actual equipment within the process is operating efficiently and for repairing and replacing malfunctioning equipment, use tools such as maintenance interfaces, the AMS application discussed above, as well and many other diagnostic tools which provide information about operating states of the devices within the process. Maintenance persons also schedule maintenance activities which may require shut down of portions of the plant. For many newer types of process devices and equipment, generally called smart field devices, the devices themselves may include detection and diagnostic tools which automatically sense problems with the operation of the device and automatically report these problems to a maintenance person via a standard maintenance interface. For example, the AMS software reports device status and diagnostic information to the maintenance person and provides communication and other tools that enable the maintenance person to determine what is happening in devices and to access device information provided by devices. Typically, maintenance interfaces and maintenance personnel are located apart from process control operators, although this is not always the case. For example, in some process plants, process control operators may perform the duties of maintenance persons or vice versa, or the different people responsible for these functions may use the same interface. None-the-less, maintenance personnel are typically interested in viewing and accessing the information from the applications available thereto based on how the equipment is set up or located in the plant, or on other logical bases related to the equipment within the plant. This organization is typically different than the control organization.
Still further, some tasks, such as monitoring equipment, testing the operation of devices, determining if the plant is running in an optimal manner, etc. are performed by outside consultants or service companies who measure the data needed, perform an analysis and then provide only the results of the analysis back to the plant personnel. In these cases, the data is typically collected and stored in a proprietary manner and may be organized in a still different manner as the organization of the data is geared to the particular application that is collecting, generating and using the data.
Many of the different applications discussed above use a navigational tree or other similar structure for organizing and enabling a user of the application to view and access the different data or information within or available to the application. In most cases, these navigational tree structures are similar in nature to the navigational tree structures used in Microsoft Outlook™, Windows™, etc., and are provided in these applications to enable a user to access or drill down into a relevant area, subarea, etc., of the plant to perform functions using the application. Usually, although not always, the applications use a navigational tree structure with nomenclature provided by the S88 standard, which logically divides a process plant into smaller and smaller entities, as, starting at the highest level, Enterprise, Site, Area, Process Cell, Unit, Equipment Module and Control Module. Applications using a navigational tree structure based on the S88 standard may provide some or all of these headings within a navigational tree to enable a user to access information or perform functions associated with the process plant.
Unfortunately, each of the different applications is generally different in the manner in which it uses and applies this navigation tree structure, including the names and, sometimes, the meaning of the names used therein. Thus, system level software applications provided for different uses within a plant, such as control applications, maintenance applications, optimization applications, power equipment monitoring applications, efficiency or plant monitoring applications, etc., may and generally do have a different way of organizing the data associated therewith. Moreover, customers may have a still different preferred manner of organizing the information pertaining to their plant, that may differ from any organization provided in any of the applications used in the plant.
Currently, plant operators, maintenance personnel, etc. must become accustomed to and remember the different manner in which the same or different information for a plant is available in and organized within the different applications used in the plant, even though, in some instances, some of the same information is stored in and used by those different applications. This makes cross use of these applications tedious and sometimes confusing. Furthermore, it makes it very difficult to organize the information provided from different applications in a single and consistent manner, or to enable a user to view the information from different sources, i.e., applications, using a single navigational tool.
However, there is currently a need by some users, such as persons responsible for business applications, like those which order parts, supplies, raw materials, or which assist in making strategic business decisions such as choosing which products to manufacture, what variables to optimize within the plant, etc., to have access to data from more than one of the applications discussed above, to thereby understand or view the operation of the plant from a higher level than provided by any of the individual applications within the plant. While, in the past, these persons have not had much access to the actual data generated within the plant by the different applications, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/085,439, entitled “Creation and Display of Indices within a Process Plant,” filed on Feb. 28, 2002 and assigned to the assignee hereof, the disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated herein, discloses a method of combining the data from various different sources of data in a central database to make that data available on a more general basis to business personnel, as well as to the different users and applications within the process plant.
However, as noted above, the different applications collecting this data are designed to be used within the process plant to perform very different functions on, typically, a subset of the devices or equipment within the plant. The applications are, therefore, developed to organize the data collected and generated thereby in sometimes slightly different and in sometimes very different manners. As a result, while these applications can share data with one another and with a centralized database, there is no simple technique of organizing the shared data in a manner that makes sense or is easy to use by a person viewing or accessing all of the data from the different applications.
A process plant data collection and organization system uses a common or integrated navigational tree structure to organize and enable a user to view and access information obtained from different applications or data sources within a process plant, even when those different applications have different manners of organizing or enabling users thereof to view the collected information. This integrated navigational tree may be developed from and may use the navigational tree categories of the different applications or may map the data within different categories of the navigational trees of the different applications into categories within the integrated navigational tree. The integrated navigational tree enables a user to view and access plant data collected or developed by different applications within the process plant in a single place and in an organized manner so that the user can view data related to the plant from a higher point of view than provided by any of the individual applications.
Referring now to
Still further, maintenance systems 18, such as computers executing the AMS application or any other device monitoring and communication applications 19 may be connected to the process control systems 12 and 14 or to the individual devices therein to perform maintenance and monitoring activities. For example, a maintenance computer 18 may be connected to the controller 12B and/or to the devices 15 via any desired communication lines or networks (including wireless or handheld device networks) to communicate with and, in some instances, reconfigure or perform other maintenance activities on the devices 15. Similarly, maintenance applications 19 such as the AMS application may be installed in and executed by one or more of the user interfaces 14A associated with the distributed process control system 14 to perform maintenance and monitoring functions, including data collection related to the operating status of the devices 16.
The process plant 10 also includes various rotating equipment 20, such as turbines, motors, etc. which are connected to a maintenance computer 22 via some permanent or temporary communication link (such as a bus, a wireless communication system or hand held devices which are connected to the equipment 20 to take readings and are then removed). The maintenance computer 22 may store and execute known monitoring and diagnostic applications 23 provided by, for example, CSI Systems or other any other known applications used to diagnose, monitor and optimize the operating state of the rotating equipment 20. Maintenance personnel usually use the applications 23 to maintain and oversee the performance of rotating equipment 20 in the plant 10, to determine problems with the rotating equipment 20 and to determine when and if the rotating equipment 20 must be repaired or replaced. In some cases, outside consultants or service organizations may temporarily acquire or measure data pertaining to the equipment 20 and use this data to perform analyses for the equipment 20 to detect problems, poor performance or other issues effecting the equipment 20. In these cases, the computers running the analyses may not be connected to the rest of the system 10 via any communication line or may be connected only temporarily.
Similarly, a power generation and distribution system 24 having power generating and distribution equipment 25 associated with the plant 10 is connected via, for example, a bus, to another computer 26 which runs and oversees the operation of the power generating and distribution equipment 25 within the plant 10. The computer 26 may execute known power control and diagnostics applications 27 such a as those provided by, for example, Liebert and ASCO or other companies to control and maintain the power generation and distribution equipment 25. In many cases, outside consultants or service organizations may use service applications that temporary acquire or measure data pertaining to the equipment 25 and use this data to perform analyses for the equipment 25 to detect problems, poor performance or other issues effecting the equipment 25. In these cases, the computers (such as the computer 26) running the analyses may not be connected to the rest of the system 10 via any communication line or may be connected only temporarily.
A computer system 30 is communicatively connected to the computers or interfaces associated with the various functional systems within the plant 10, including the process control functions 12 and 14, the maintenance functions such as those implemented in the computers 18, 14A, 22 and 26 and the business functions. If desired, this communication interconnection may be implemented using a web interface or communication structure of any kind, including any local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), the internet, etc. In any event, the computer system 30 is communicatively connected to the traditional process control system 12 and to the maintenance interface 18 associated with that control system, is connected to the process control and/or maintenance interfaces 14A of the distributed process control system 14, is connected to the rotating equipment maintenance computer 22 and to the power generation and distribution computer 26, all via a communication network 32 which may use any desired or appropriate LAN or WAN protocol to provide communications. This communication network or connection may be permanent or temporary (intermittent) as desired.
As illustrated in
In one embodiment, the communications over the communication network 32 occur using the XML protocol. Here, data from each of the computers 12A, 18, 14A, 22, 26, 35, 36, etc. is wrapped in an WL wrapper and is sent to an XML data server which may be located in, for example, the computer 30. Because XML is a descriptive language, the server can process any type of data. At the server, if necessary, the data is encapsulated with to a new XML wrapper, i.e., this data is mapped from one XML schema to one or more other XML schemas which are created for each of the receiving applications. Thus, each data originator can wrap its data using a schema understood or convenient for that device or application, and each receiving application can receive the data in a different schema used for or understood by the receiving application. The server is configured to map one schema to another schema depending on the source and destination(s) of the data. If desired, the server may also perform certain data processing functions or other functions based on the receipt of data. The mapping and processing function rules are set up and stored in the server prior to operation of the system described herein. In this manner, data may be sent from any one application to one or more other applications.
Generally speaking, the computer 30 (which may be a server) stores and executes an asset optimization database 50 that collects data and other information generated by, for example, the process control systems 12 and 14, the maintenance systems 18, 22 and 26 and the business systems 35 and 36 as well as information generated by data analysis tools executed in each of these systems and stores this data in a database. The asset optimization database may include an expert engine 51 that may be based on, for example, based on the OZ expert system currently provided by NEXUS, or any other type of expert system including, for example, any type of data mining system. The asset optimization expert 51 operates to analyze and distribute data as necessary within the asset optimization database 50.
In the past, the various process control systems 12 and 14 and the power generating and maintenance systems 22 and 26 have not been interconnected with each other in a manner that enables them to share data generated in or collected by each of these systems in a useful manner. As a result, the manner in which the different applications 17, 19, 23, 27, etc. organize and enable a user to view data differs from application to application. However, in the plant 10 of
In particular, the navigational tree applications 52 provide an automated manner of generating a navigational tree to be used in, for example, a web environment by all the users of the system, to view and access the data within the asset optimization database 50, even though that data comes from different sources and is organized in the different sources in different manners. In effect, the navigational tree applications 52, in conjunction with the asset optimization database 50, provide a higher level integration platform, in this case in the form of an asset optimization server, which receives and organizes information from multiple information sources (e.g., control applications, maintenance applications, equipment monitoring applications, efficiency monitoring applications, etc.) even though each of the different information sources have a different manner of organizing the data provided thereby.
As illustrated in
Still further, a data integration application 86 is provided to integrate the data from the different applications 60 into the plant information database 80 using the integrated navigational tree 83b and, in some cases, may provide the user with the ability to map the navigational tree structures 83a for the applications 60 into the integrated navigational tree structure 83b. In one embodiment, the integration application 86 may include a default navigational tree structure which may be used to integrate the data within each of the navigational tree structures of the applications 60. This default navigational tree structure may be based on, for example, the plant hierarchy used in the S88 standard. However, the integration application 86 may enable a user or different users to create additional navigational tree structures which may be used to integrate the navigational trees of the different applications 60 in different manner. Of course, if desired, the default navigational tree structure may be created by a user using the data integration application 86 and or the user interface application 84.
Generally, the asset optimization server 62 stores each of the different navigational tree structures 83a of the different applications 60 and relates or maps the data within these navigational trees to a single integrated navigational tree structure 83b which may be used to view and access the data within the asset optimization database 80. After the mapping is specified or complete, the data associated with each of the different tree structures of the different applications is organized within the integrated navigational tree for viewing by any user, including users of the applications at the servers 62-72 or any other users who have access to the server 62, such as business systems users. If desired, a single navigational tree structure may be used by, for example, a configuration application and this single navigational tree structure may be accessed and used by every user in the process plant or enterprise system associated with the process plant so that each user views the data from the plant in the same manner. If desired, each user may access the single navigational tree structure over the web or any other communication network that connects the different users to the configuration application.
During operation, the different applications 60 may send their respective navigational tree structures used in these applications to the asset optimization server 62 where these tree structures may be stored in the database 82. The integration application 86 may automatically identify a correspondence between the different categories of a navigational tree associated with one of the applications and the categories of the integrated tree structure 83b. In some cases, a user may manually specify a correspondence between categories of the navigational tree of the particular application 60 and categories within the integrated or default navigational tree 83b. If the categories of the application 60 are known to correspond in some manner to some standard, such as the S88 standard, the integration application 86 may identify this correspondence automatically. On the other hand, a user may create a user preferred navigational tree and identify the correspondence between the different categories of the navigational tree of one of the applications 60 and the user created integrated navigational tree. Of course, it will be understood that the default or integrated navigational tree structure may include categories not represented or present in certain ones of the applications sending data thereto because the data flow is from the applications 60 to the server 62. However, the default or integrated navigational tree should have a category or level that is or can be associated with each of the categories of the navigational trees of the different applications 60.
Of course, the integration application 86 provides mapping between the navigational trees of each of the applications 60 (which are sending data to the asset optimization server 62) and the integrated navigational tree 83b and may perform this mapping when, for example, an application is brought on-line or is otherwise integrated within the asset optimization functions of the process plant 10. Thereafter, each of the applications 60 provides data to the server 62 along with enough information to enable the server 62 to categorize this data according the navigational tree structure of the application 60 which sends the data. The server 62 and, in particular, the integration application 86 may store the data as being associated with the proper navigation tree category or categories of the integrated navigational tree structure 83b being used to provide an integrated view. Of course, the data itself is stored in the plant information database 80 for future access. Thereafter, the user interface application 84 may enable a user or operator to access the integrated navigational tree 83b having the data from the different applications referenced thereby to gain access to the data stored in the plant information database 80 in a consistent and integrated manner.
In one embodiment, the integrated navigational tree 83b may be organized according to logical areas, such in instrumentation, mechanical, and performance areas, or in physical areas, such as areas of the plant. Of course, any other desired organization can be used within the integrated navigational tree 83b. When the integrated navigational tree 83b is constructed according to logical units, the different data from the different applications (which typically falls within different logical groupings) may be separated into different sub-headings or categories under the tree, with those subheadings or categories either being standard navigational tree headings or mimicking the actual navigational tree structure associated with the different applications. In one embodiment, each of the information servers 64-72 serves its plant tree and the components thereof (including headings) to the requesting application (i.e., the asset optimization server 62). The integration application 86 then uses the obtained information to merge the various plant tree components. If desired, components of the original navigational tree of an application can be tracked by the original information server (e.g., the maintenance server 64, etc.) and if any changes take place, the asset optimization server 62 may be updated using push technology. Alternatively, the asset optimization server 62 can periodically poll the servers 64-72 to receive and keep track of the changes made in the navigational trees of those servers (or the applications run on or associated with those servers). In this manner, data that is added to, deleted from or changed within the applications 60 is mirrored or sent to the asset optimization server 62 and stored therein. Furthermore, the reflection or depiction of the devices or other entities within navigational tree of these applications is sent to the asset optimization server 62 and reflected in or mapped to the integrated navigational tree 83b so that data is now available and viewable by a user of the asset optimization database 50 via the integrated navigational tree 83b.
As can be seen, the integrated navigational tree 100 includes a high-level category for each of the different applications (the applications 60 of
In
Similarly, the data associated with the power equipment monitoring is illustrated using the navigational tree structure of the related application, which only includes area designations under which the devices (such as pumps, fans, motors and dryers) are located. As a result, each of the pieces of power equipment for which data is collected in the plant by the power equipment monitoring application is depicted in the subsection 104 under Area 1. Likewise, because the efficiency application does not use a navigational tree with the S88 hierarchy categories, the pumps, compressors, heat exchangers, etc. being monitored by this application are merely depicted under the general folder labeled e-fficiency Plant Structure 106 as being related to the logical function of efficiency monitoring. It will be noted that the same equipment, such as Pump #3 may be monitored by different applications and thus be depicted multiple times in the integrated navigational tree structure 100. Furthermore, the same or different data (such as different data collected or generated by different applications) for the same device or other plant entity may be accessible in different locations of the integrated navigational tree 100. Of course, it will be understood that there may be other entities or folders associated with each of the subsections 102, 104 and 106 if other devices are recognized and monitored by the applications associated with these sections. Thus, the actual data, such as device depictions, within any of the subsections 102, 104 and 106 is dependent on the devices or other entities being monitored by the actual applications. Furthermore, the type of data about these devices that may be accessible via the navigational tree 100 is also dependent on the data collected or generated about these devices by the actual applications 60.
As noted above, the integration application 86 may be used to create a mapping methodology between the integrated navigational tree 83b and the navigational trees 83a of each of the different applications 60. The integration application 86 may perform this mapping automatically or may enable a user to specify the mapping between different components of the navigational trees 83a of the applications 60 and the integrated navigational tree 83b.
The left-hand side of the screen display 140 of
In any event, a user may map components of a navigational tree, such as the tree 144, onto the integrated navigational tree 142 by selecting a particular depiction of a component of the tree 144 and dragging it over and dropping it onto the depiction of the component of the tree 142 to which it is to be mapped. Upon doing this, the integration application 86 associates the selected element and any sub-element of the tree 144 which is being dragged with the portion of the integrated tree 142 over which it is dropped. Of course, the user may provide any desired mapping and is not limited to placing, for example, the areas of the maintenance tree 144 onto the areas of the integrated tree 142. Likewise, the user can map the components of the power equipment monitoring tree 144 onto any of the components of the integrated tree 142. Upon selecting or specifying a particular mapping, the integration application 86 stores an indication of the mapping and uses that mapping to integrate data from the application into the database 80 and to enable viewing of that data via the integrated navigational tree 142.
The related links folder 170 may store links, such as web links, to other applications, documentation or systems associated with any of the data or assets within the process plant or associated with any of the data or assets for which data is stored or collected by the navigational tree 162. In particular, the related links folder 170 may store links placed therein by users of the system to enable easy access to other data, other applications, documentation, etc. that may be related in some manner to the data or other information stored in or accessible through the navigational tree 162. Of course, any authorized user or configuration expert may provide links in the navigational tree 162 and these links may be added or deleted at any time.
Of course, when setting up the navigational tree 162 to collect data from different data sources, a user may specify numerous types of data to be collected from the data sources and the amount and frequency of data to be collected from these sources. As an example,
The properties view of
Further information may be specified about the link “link 123” in the properties display screen of
It will be understood that the integrated tree of any of
As noted above, the integrated navigational trees described herein may be configured in any number of manners to integrate the data from different data sources or applications within the process plant 10. Thus, in one case, as illustrated above with respect to
Preferably, the integration application 86 is able to automatically read the navigational tree structures of the different applications to which it is to be attached and, upon mapping a particular tree element from an application into the integrated navigational tree, still keeps track of the original locations within application from which the data originated, to reflect changes that may take place automatically. In one example, the integration application 86 may automatically store data about devices within the integrated navigational tree with a data field indicating the original location of this device or data within the original field associated with the original application and with a data field indicting the location of this data in the integrated navigational tree. Thus, the source or original location of the data may be retrieved or used for any desired purpose.
If desired, the integration application 86 may store data in the database 82 indicating manner in which the components of a navigational tree of a known application are to be mapped to a default integrated navigational tree. This data enables this known application to be connected to the asset optimization server 62 and to send data to the asset optimization server without user input specifying the manner in which mapping from the navigational tree of the application into the integrated navigational tree is to occur. This data also enables a data source application to send plant data within its navigational tree without first sending the structure of the tree to the asset optimization server 62.
Alternatively, or in addition, the integration application 86 may have the ability to read the names of the branches of each plant tree of a data source application and create a section of the navigational tree within the integrated navigational tree with those names. Likewise, it is possible to have branches within the integrated navigational tree with the same names because these branches may be associated with different applications which use the same name for the branch. It is also possible to have different branch names within the integrated navigational tree to reflect or be associated with the same physical locations or entities of the plant, again because these different branches may be associated with different applications generating that data. Moreover, the same name or tag may be used for different devices or other plant entities within the integrated navigational tree as long as these names appear in different braches of the integrated navigational tree or are otherwise associated with different applications in the integrated navigational tree. Of course, different device tags and names may be used for the same device in the plant, if the same device is being monitored by different data source applications.
Furthermore, while the integration application 86 typically provides a default mapping between the navigational trees associated with the applications 60 and the integrated navigational tree 83b, the integration application 86 may enable users to re-map the tree components of the integrated navigational tree in any manner that the user desires using, for example, the screen display of
While the embodiment depicted in
While the integration application 86 of the asset optimization sever 62 and the other applications described herein are preferably implemented in software, they may be implemented in hardware, firmware, etc., and may be implemented by any other processor associated with the process control system 10. Thus, the elements described herein may be implemented in a standard multi-purpose CPU or on specifically designed hardware or firmware such as an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or other hard-wired device as desired. When implemented in software, the software routine may be stored in any computer readable memory such as on a magnetic disk, a laser disk (such as a DVD) or other storage medium, in a RAM or ROM of a computer or processor, in any database, etc. Likewise, this software may be delivered to a user or a process plant via any known or desired delivery method including, for example, on a computer readable disk or other transportable computer storage mechanism or over a communication channel such as a telephone line, the internet, etc. (which are viewed as being the same as or interchangeable with providing such software via a transportable storage medium).
Thus, while the present invention has been described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting of the invention, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that changes, additions or deletions may be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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