This invention relates to electromagnetic signal detection. More specifically, the invention is an electromagnetic wave or signal detector having integrated photonics.
Detection of electromagnetic waves or signals in the atmosphere or space is a critical part of communication and/or remote sensing. For example, radiometers operating in the micro and millimeter range of the electromagnetic spectrum are essential for profiling various atmospheric constituents of planetary bodies to include molecules and radicals of water, ozone, etc. While the advent of electronics-based broadband and multi-frequency radiometers have increased the profiling capability of radiometers, this advancement has also increased instrument “Size, Weight, Power, and Cost” or SWaP-C as it is known. The resulting conflict between performance and SWaP-C is particularly problematic when designing sensing systems for small-size applications such as small satellite platforms or small communications devices.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an electromagnetic wave or signal detector.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic wave or signal detector that can be adapted for use in communications systems or remote sensing systems.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetic wave or signal detector that can satisfy both performance and Swap-C constraints imposed by small operational platforms.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious hereinafter in the specification and drawings.
In accordance with the present invention, an electromagnetic signal detector includes a photonic crystal substrate and an antenna disposed on the substrate. The antenna includes an active feed region and a ground region spaced apart from one another by a gap. A two-dimensional photonic crystal is disposed on the substrate at the gap. An electro optic polymer is disposed on the photonic crystal.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reference to the following description of the preferred embodiments and to the drawings, wherein corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings and wherein:
Referring now to the drawings, simultaneous reference will be made to
In general, detector 10 is a small-scale or chip-size device that can be fabricated using well-known electronic chip-fabrication techniques, the choice of which is not a limitation of the present invention. Detector 10 includes a photonic crystal substrate 12 that is of the type typically used in the fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystals. As is known in the art, photonic crystals can be constructed from macroporous silicon (i.e., a slab or wafer of silicon having an array of air pores therein) disposed on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the present invention, substrate 12 is a silicon-on-insulator wafer having a planar surface 120. It is to be understood that substrate 12 can be other photonic crystal substrate materials (e.g., a III-V material platform) without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Disposed on surface 120 of substrate 12 is an electro optic (“EO”)-polymer-covered photonic nano-cavity resonator 14 (hereinafter simply referred to as “resonator 14”). Resonator 14 includes a two-dimensional (“2D”) photonic crystal 16 disposed on substrate 12 and an EO polymer 18 disposed on and covering a top surface 160 of photonic crystal 16.
Photonic crystal 16 is a slab or wafer of silicon having a pattern of pores (not shown in
Top surface 160 of photonic crystal 16 is covered with an EO polymer 18. A variety of EO polymers are known in the art and/or can be engineered to desired specifications for a particular application. In general, EO polymer 18 has a known index of refraction that impacts the wavelength of an optical wave/signal passing there through in a known or predictable way. The covering of photonic crystal 16 with EO polymer 18 can be achieved in a variety of ways (e.g., spin coating) without departing from the scope of the present invention.
The covering of photonic crystal 16 with EO polymer 18 can be done in a way that does not fill, partially fills, or fully fills the pores 162 in photonic crystal 16 as illustrated in the isolated cross-sections shown in
Referring again to
The above-described resonator 14 provides low-voltage, broadband modulation of an optical signal coupled thereto. The optical signal's propagation through resonator 14 is dictated by the resonator's waveguide properties in accordance with its 2D nano-cavity (i.e., pore) pattern and EO polymer covering.
Referring additionally now to
As mentioned above, the integrated-photonic electromagnetic signal detector of the present invention can be realized in a variety of ways without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, in some embodiments, the input optical signal is a laser beam. A laser device generating the laser beam can be an external device whose laser beam is coupled to the above-described resonator 14 by means of an optical coupler (e.g., grating coupler, edge coupler, etc.) as would be understood in the art. In some embodiments of the present invention, input optical signal 40 could be generated by an on-chip laser and associated optics. By way of a non-limiting exemplary embodiment,
The advantages of the present invention are numerous. The integrated-photonic electromagnetic signal detector is a small and flexible architecture that will achieve significant improvements in SWaP-C for a variety of applications covering a wide range of frequencies of operation. The detector of the present invention can be incorporated into a variety of scientific research systems to include remote sensing instruments, electromagnetic field sensors, and chip-scale spectrometers. The detector is also readily adapted for use in low-power transceivers required in many communications networks.
Although the invention has been described relative to specific embodiments thereof, there are numerous variations and modifications that will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described.
The invention described herein was made in part by an employee of the United States Government and may be manufactured and used by and for the Government of the United States for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon of therefor.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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6093246 | Lin | Jul 2000 | A |
11209473 | Amarloo | Dec 2021 | B2 |