Patent Grant
10119460
The present technology relates generally to engines and, in particular, to systems and methods having an integrated turbo-shaft engine.
The capability of modern engines to produce more power from a given cylinder displacement has been steadily increased due to engineering innovation and development. Modern engines utilize higher charged air pressure provided by turbochargers to generate more power than their previous generation counterparts. The amount of power obtained from an engine depends upon how much fuel is burned in it, and upon the amount of air available in the engine. Therefore, by providing more air into the engine cylinder more fuel can be burned and the power generated can be increased. Turbocharging is a technique used to increase the amount of air introduced into each cylinder, typically by a positive pressure that exceeds the then reigning pressure in the cylinder. Exhaust gas from the engine typically drives the turbocharger. This exhaust gas drives a turbine, which, in turn, drives a compressor to drive the additional air into the cylinder. However, despite using turbochargers, the engines such as piston and rotary engines are low in power density compared to gas turbines.
There is therefore a desire for an improved system and method for operating engines at high power density and high fuel efficiency.
In accordance with an example of the present technology, a system includes an engine coupled with a primary shaft that drives a first electric generator for generating electrical power via a gear subsystem. The system also includes a turbocharger assembly including at least one gas turbine engine configured for driving the primary shaft and coupled in parallel with the engine. The turbocharger assembly includes multiple compressors configured to provide a flow of compressed fluid into both the engine and the at least one gas turbine engine. The turbocharger assembly also includes multiple turbines configured to utilize exhausts from both the engine and the at least one gas turbine for driving the primary shaft. Further, the system includes a controller configured to operate multiple valves for controlling optimal intake fluid pressure into the engine and the turbocharger assembly and fuel injections into the engine and the at least one gas turbine engine.
In accordance with an example of the technology, a method of operating an engine includes compressing a flow of fluid via a first compressor and directing a first portion of the compressed fluid into an engine for combustion, and further directing a second portion of the compressed fluid into a primary combustor of a gas turbine via a second compressor. The method also includes directing the exhausts from the primary combustor and the engine through multiple turbines that drive a primary shaft. The primary shaft drives a first electric generator for generating power. Further, the method includes operating both the engine and the gas turbine at maximum power during full load operating conditions and disabling the gas turbine during part load conditions.
In accordance with an example of the technology, a system includes an engine coupled with a primary shaft that drives a first electric generator for generating electrical power. The system also includes a turbocharger assembly having a gas turbine engine configured for driving a secondary shaft that further drives a second electric generator. The turbocharger assembly includes multiple compressors configured to provide a flow of compressed fluid into both the engine and the gas turbine engine. The turbocharger also includes multiple turbines configured to utilize exhausts from both the engine and the at least one gas turbine for driving the secondary shaft. Further, the system includes a controller configured to operate multiple valves for controlling optimal intake fluid pressure into the engine and the turbocharger assembly and fuel injections into the engine and the gas turbine engine.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present technology will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings, wherein:
When introducing elements of various embodiments of the present technology, the articles “a,” “an,” “the,” and “said” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. Any examples of operating parameters are not exclusive of other parameters of the disclosed examples.
Further, the turbocharger assembly 12 includes a first stage compressor 24 and a second stage compressor 26 configured to provide a flow of compressed fluid into both the engine 14 and the gas turbine engine 22. The first compressor 24 compresses fluid and directs a first portion of the compressed fluid to the engine 14 and a second portion of compressed fluid into the second stage compressor 26 for further compression. The second stage compressor 26 directs the compressed fluid into a primary combustor 30 of the gas turbine engine 22. Furthermore, the turbocharger assembly 12 includes a first stage turbine 32, a second stage turbine 34 and a third stage turbine 36. The first stage turbine 32 receives a first flow of exhausts from the primary combustor 30. The second stage turbine 34 receives the first flow of exhausts from the first stage turbine 32 and a second flow of exhausts from the engine 14. The exhausts from the second stage turbine are then directed to the third stage turbine 36.
In one example, the system 10 also includes a secondary combustor 38 located on an exhaust flow line downstream of the engine 14 prior to the second stage turbine 34. The exhausts from the engine 14 are further combusted in the secondary combustor 38 for generating additional power in the system 10. As shown, each of the engine 14 and the primary combustor 30 of the gas turbine 22 are supplied with fuels from a first fuel source 40 and a second fuel source 42 respectively.
The system 10 also includes a controller 44 that operates multiple valves 46, 48 for controlling optimal intake fluid pressure into the engine 14 and the turbocharger assembly 12. Additional valves may also be located in fluid lines prior to compression in the first and second stage compressors for controlling flow of compressed fluid. The controller 44 is also configured to control fuel injections into the engine 14 and the primary combustor 30. As shown, the controller 44 is connected to the multiple valves 46, 48, fuel lines 49, 51 by connector lines 53, 55, 57, 59 respectively. The controller 44 is configured to operate both the engine 14 and the gas turbine 22 at maximum power during full load operation of the system 10. During part load conditions, the controller is configured to operate only the engine 14 and disable the gas turbine 22. This is done so that there is high efficiency throughout the operation of the system 10.
Advantageously, the present technology provides a higher power-to-weight engine than is typical of a piston engine together with a high-efficiency. The present technology also enables operation at a relatively high fuel efficiency due to flexible operability of both the gas turbine engine and the piston engine at full load conditions and only the engine during part load conditions. Also, the engine can operate at high altitudes by capitalizing on the numerous stages of compression used in the turbocharger assembly. Further, the present technology has applicability in situations where high efficiency combined with high power-to-weight ratio is critical such as aviation applications. Furthermore, this present technology also provides the power required for takeoff and landing combined with good efficiency to reduce the cost and weight of the fuel required for a mission.
Furthermore, the skilled artisan will recognize the interchangeability of various features from different examples. Similarly, the various methods and features described, as well as other known equivalents for each such methods and feature, can be mixed and matched by one of ordinary skill in this art to construct additional systems and techniques in accordance with principles of this disclosure. Of course, it is to be understood that not necessarily all such objects or advantages described above may be achieved in accordance with any particular example. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the systems and techniques described herein may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or improves one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other objects or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.
While only certain features of the technology have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the claimed inventions.
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