Patent Grant
12020384
The present disclosure relates generally to generating augmented reality (AR) experiences on messaging applications.
Augmented-Reality (AR) is a modification of a virtual environment. For example, in Virtual Reality (VR), a user is completely immersed in a virtual world, whereas in AR, the user is immersed in a world where virtual objects are combined or superimposed on the real world. An AR system aims to generate and present virtual objects that interact realistically with a real-world environment and with each other. Examples of AR applications can include single or multiple player video games, instant messaging systems, and the like.
In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numerals may describe similar components in different views. To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced. Some nonlimiting examples are illustrated in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which:
The description that follows includes systems, methods, techniques, instruction sequences, and computing machine program products that embody illustrative examples of the disclosure. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide an understanding of various examples. It will be evident, however, to those skilled in the art, that examples may be practiced without these specific details. In general, well-known instruction instances, protocols, structures, and techniques are not necessarily shown in detail.
Messaging applications typically enable end users to access various AR experiences by launching an AR experience bundle or package that includes the AR content associated with the AR experiences. The AR experiences typically present AR elements that are animated or that are anchored to particular positions. This allows the users to move around in the real-world and have the AR elements remain in place or move around in a similar manner. Messaging applications also allow users to access other features or components, such as messaging functions, map applications, avatar applications, and/or web-based applications (e.g., web-based gaming applications). Each of these features or components typically functions independently of each other so that operations performed on one component usually do not reflect operations performed by another component.
Because of the lack of interoperability between the various components available for use on the messaging applications, users are provided with disjoint experiences and can become frustrated having to repeat certain operations across multiple components. For example, a user may communicate with a friend on one component and may be interested in also interacting with the friend on an AR experience. To do so, the user has to re-establish a connection with the same friend on the AR experience by navigating through various pages of information and then having to wait for the friend to join the user in the AR experience. This type of interaction wastes a great deal of time and resources and causes users to lose interest in using the messaging applications and to become frustrated. Some typical systems attempt to address these issues by providing a limited amount of shared information between different components. However, the amount and type of data that can be shared between the components is predetermined and limited, which restricts developers from creating a diverse set of useful and engaging interactions, such as interactions involving AR experiences. This can reduce the interest level end users have in accessing the AR experiences, which causes missed opportunities.
The disclosed techniques solve these technical issues by providing a system that enables any type of data to be shared across all or some subset of components implemented by messaging applications. To do so, the disclosed techniques, executing on a computing system, access, by a messaging application implemented on a client device, a first component of a plurality of components implemented by the messaging application. The plurality of components include an AR experience and each of the plurality of components is configured to be separately launched by the messaging application. The disclosed techniques store a first state of the first component in a data structure that is shared across the plurality of components and launch, by the messaging application, a second component of the plurality of components in response to determining that an interaction has been performed using the first component. The disclosed techniques access, by the second component, the data structure to retrieve the first state of the first component and configure a second state of the second component that has been launched based on the first state of the first component. In some cases, the interaction with the first component can directly be communicated to the second component to configure the state of the second component (e.g., with or without being passed through the shared data structure).
For example, the user can interact with a web-based application (and/or mapping application) to reach a certain objective or goal or perform a task. Once that objective or goal is reached, the web-based application can launch the AR experience passing one or more parameters of the web-based application. The AR experience can be launched automatically (programmatically) in response to the objective or goal being reached and/or in response to presenting an option to the user to launch the AR experience. Once the AR experience is launched, the AR experience presents one or more AR elements related to the parameters received from the web-based gaming application. When a certain objective, goal, criterion, or level is reached in the AR experience, the AR experience automatically (programmatically) and/or in response to a specific request, resumes the web-based application and/or launches a new or different web-based application. The AR experience can provide one or more parameters of the AR experience that were generated during interaction and launch of the AR experience to the web-based application and/or the new or different web-based application. The user can continue interacting with the web-based application and/or the new or different web-based application based on the interactions the user performed with the AR experience.
In some examples, the user can interact with an AR experience to reach a certain objective or goal or perform a task. Once that objective or goal is reached, the AR experience can launch a web-based application (and/or mapping application) passing one or more parameters of the AR experience. The web-based application can be launched automatically (programmatically) in response to the objective or goal being reached and/or in response to presenting an option to the user to launch the web-based application. Once the web-based application is launched, the web-based application presents a display of a user interface related to the parameters received from the AR experience. When a certain objective, goal, criterion, or level is reached in the web-based application, the web-based application automatically (programmatically) and/or in response to a specific request, resumes the AR experience. The user can continue interacting with the AR experience based on the interactions the user performed with the web-based application.
In this way, the disclosed techniques provide an integrated, unified and seamless experience to a user allowing the user to dynamically interact with multiple components of the messaging application. This reduces the amount of information that needs to be re-entered and thereby reduces the overall amount of resources needed to accomplish a task.
In some examples, an AR development platform is provided to an AR experience developer. The AR development platform can present a user interface to the AR experience developer that enables the AR developer to select how various different components (implemented by different platforms of the messaging application) interact with each other and share data with each other to provide a unified experience to a user. This provides a greater amount of flexibility for a developer to create useful, interesting and engaging AR experiences without being restricted by the resource constraints of the messaging applications and/or client devices that run the AR experiences. In this way, the disclosed techniques improve the efficiency of using the electronic device and the overall experience of the user in using the electronic device.
Networked Computing Environment
The messaging client or client application 104 can function as an operating system (or main application) and can implement and coordinate operation across multiple components including an AR experience, a map application, an avatar application, and/or a web-based application, such as a web-based gaming application. Each of the components, from a front-end user interface of the messaging client or client application 104, can be separately launched, such as by selecting a respective option from the front-end user interface. In some implementations, a first component can launch a second component and pass initialization parameters to the second component automatically, programmatically, in response to user input, and/or upon reaching a goal within the first component. This provides a seamless and unified user experience across multiple components to the user.
To ensure user data privacy, the client device 102 (or client application 104 implemented on the client device 102) may notify the user regarding the type of information that may be collected and prompt the user to choose whether to opt-in prior to collecting the data. The system will not collect the data if the user declines to opt-in and does not give consent. If the user opts-in, the data is stored securely in an encrypted manner on the server. To further ensure user data privacy, the client device 102 can notify a user if a given component launches or can be used to launch another component that uses a camera or microphone or other input device of the client device 102 that is not used by the given component.
The client device 102 may operate as a standalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the client device 102 may operate in the capacity of a server machine or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The client device 102 may comprise, but not be limited to, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), an entertainment media system, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a mobile device, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch), a smart home device (e.g., a smart appliance), other smart devices, a web appliance, a network router, a network switch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing the disclosed operations. Further, while only a single client device 102 is illustrated, the term “client device” shall also be taken to include a collection of machines that individually or jointly execute the disclosed operations.
In some examples, the client device 102 can include AR glasses or an AR headset in which virtual content is displayed within lenses of the glasses while a user views a real-world environment through the lenses. For example, an image can be presented on a transparent display that allows a user to simultaneously view content presented on the display and real-world objects.
In some examples, the client device 102 can be operated by an AR experience developer. In such cases, the AR experience developer (or AR developer) accesses an AR experience development platform. The AR experience development platform allows the AR developer to generate an AR experience bundle that includes a set of AR elements and events or triggers of different types that are used to control launching of another component, such as a web-based application, avatar application, or map application. In some examples, the AR developer can specify conditions under which the other component(s) is/are launched. The AR experience can access a shared data structure (e.g., storage location, file or element) that is also accessible to other components implemented by the client application 104. The shared data structure can store state information for one or more of the components and can be used to control a user interface and operation of any of the components. In this way, a specified set of operations that are performed by one component, such as an AR experience, can be used to modify operations performed by another component implemented by the same client application 104.
In some examples, the conditions used to launch one or more other components of the client application 104 that are tracked by a given component currently being accessed can include geographical locations, levels in a gaming application or AR experience, accomplishment of one or more goals, views or depictions of real-world environment portions, time, time of day, client device type, user type, user account type, location markers, image markers, or any other suitable condition. In some examples, the conditions can be manually programmed and stored as part of the AR experience bundle. In some examples, the conditions are set by the AR developer selecting between various options for setting certain conditions in association with a component.
The client application 104 is able to communicate and exchange data with other client applications 104 and with the messaging server system 108 via the network 112. The data exchanged between client applications 104, and between a client application 104 and the messaging server system 108, includes functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well as payload data (e.g., text, audio, video or other multimedia data).
The messaging server system 108 provides server-side functionality via the network 112 to a particular client application 104. While certain functions of the messaging system 100 are described herein as being performed by either a client application 104 or by the messaging server system 108, the location of certain functionality either within the client application 104 or the messaging server system 108 may be a design choice. For example, it may be technically preferable to initially deploy certain technology and functionality within the messaging server system 108 but to later migrate this technology and functionality to the client application 104 where a client device 102 has sufficient processing capacity.
The messaging server system 108 supports various services and operations that are provided to the client application 104. Such operations include transmitting data to, receiving data from, and processing data generated by the client application 104. This data may include message content, client device information, geolocation information, media augmentation and overlays, message content persistence conditions, social network information, and live event information, as examples. Data exchanges within the messaging system 100 are invoked and controlled through functions available via user interfaces (UIs) of the client application 104.
Turning now specifically to the messaging server system 108, an Application Programming Interface (API) server 116 is coupled to, and provides a programmatic interface to, application servers 114. The application servers 114 are communicatively coupled to a database server 120, which facilitates access to a database 126 that stores data associated with messages processed by the application servers 114. Similarly, a web server 128 is coupled to the application servers 114, and provides web-based interfaces to the application servers 114. To this end, the web server 128 processes incoming network requests over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and several other related protocols.
The API server 116 receives and transmits message data (e.g., commands and message payloads) between the client device 102 and the application servers 114. Specifically, the API server 116 provides a set of interfaces (e.g., routines and protocols) that can be called or queried by the client application 104 in order to invoke functionality of the application servers 114. The API server 116 exposes various functions supported by the application servers 114, including account registration, login functionality, the sending of messages, via the application servers 114, from a particular client application 104 to another client application 104, the sending of media files (e.g., images or video) from a client application 104 to a messaging server 118, and for possible access by another client application 104, the settings of a collection of media data (e.g., story), the retrieval of a list of friends of a user of a client device 102, the retrieval of such collections, the retrieval of messages and content, the addition and deletion of entities (e.g., friends) to an entity graph (e.g., a social graph), the location of friends within a social graph, and opening an application event (e.g., relating to the client application 104). In some examples, the API provides a set of interfaces that can be called or queried to pass or share parameters/data between different components of the client application 104.
The application servers 114 host a number of server applications and subsystems, including for example a messaging server 118, an image processing server 122, and a social network server 124. The messaging server 118 implements a number of message processing technologies and functions, particularly related to the aggregation and other processing of content (e.g., textual and multimedia content) included in messages received from multiple instances of the client application 104. As will be described in further detail, the text and media content from multiple sources may be aggregated into collections of content (e.g., called stories or galleries). These collections are then made available to the client application 104. Other processor- and memory-intensive processing of data may also be performed server-side by the messaging server 118, in view of the hardware requirements for such processing.
The application servers 114 also include an image processing server 122 that is dedicated to performing various image processing operations, typically with respect to images or video within the payload of a message sent from or received at the messaging server 118.
Image processing server 122 is used to implement scan functionality of the augmentation system 208 (shown in
The social network server 124 supports various social networking functions and services and makes these functions and services available to the messaging server 118. To this end, the social network server 124 maintains and accesses an entity graph 308 (as shown in
Returning to the client application 104, features and functions of an external resource (e.g., a third-party application 109 or applet) are made available to a user via an interface of the client application 104. The client application 104 receives a user selection of an option to launch or access features of an external resource (e.g., a third-party resource), such as external apps 109. The external resource may be a third-party application (external apps 109) installed on the client device 102 (e.g., a “native app”), or a small-scale version of the third-party application (e.g., an “applet”) that is hosted on the client device 102 or remote of the client device 102 (e.g., on third-party servers 110). The small-scale version of the third-party application includes a subset of features and functions of the third-party application (e.g., the full-scale, native version of the third-party standalone application) and is implemented using a markup-language document. In one example, the small-scale version of the third-party application (e.g., an “applet”) is a web-based, markup-language version of the third-party application and is embedded in the client application 104. In addition to using markup-language documents (e.g., a .*ml file), an applet may incorporate a scripting language (e.g., a .*js file or a .json file) and a style sheet (e.g., a .*ss file).
In response to receiving a user selection of the option to launch or access features of the external resource (external app 109), also referred to as a component, the client application 104 determines whether the selected external resource is a web-based external resource or a locally-installed external application. In some cases, external applications 109 that are locally installed on the client device 102 can be launched independently of and separately from the client application 104, such as by selecting an icon, corresponding to the external application 109, on a home screen of the client device 102. Small-scale versions of such external applications (e.g., components) can be launched or accessed via the client application 104 and, in some examples, no or limited portions of the small-scale external application can be accessed outside of the client application 104. The small-scale external application can be launched by the client application 104 receiving, from an external app(s) server 110, a markup-language document associated with the small-scale external application and processing such a document. In some examples, the small-scale external application can be launched by another component, such as an AR experience, currently being accessed by the client application 104.
In response to determining that the external resource is a locally-installed external application 109, the client application 104 (e.g., in response to a command received from a given component, such as an AR experience running on the client device 102) instructs the client device 102 to launch the external application 109 by executing locally-stored code corresponding to the external application 109. In response to determining that the external resource is a web-based resource, the client application 104 communicates with the external app(s) servers 110 to obtain a markup-language document corresponding to the selected resource. The client application 104 then processes the obtained markup-language document to present the web-based external resource within a user interface of the client application 104.
The client application 104 can notify a user of the client device 102, or other users related to such a user (e.g., “friends”), of activity taking place in one or more external resources. For example, the client application 104 can provide participants in a conversation (e.g., a chat session) in the client application 104 with notifications relating to the current or recent use of an external resource by one or more members of a group of users. One or more users can be invited to join in an active external resource or to launch a recently-used but currently inactive (in the group of friends) external resource. The external resource can provide participants in a conversation, each using a respective client application 104, with the ability to share an item, status, state, or location in an external resource with one or more members of a group of users into a chat session. The shared item may be an interactive chat card with which members of the chat can interact, for example, to launch the corresponding external resource, view specific information within the external resource, or take the member of the chat to a specific location or state within the external resource. Within a given external resource, response messages can be sent to users on the client application 104. The external resource can selectively include different media items in the responses, based on a current context of the external resource.
The client application 104 can present a list of the available external resources (e.g., components, third-party or external applications 109 or applets) to a user to launch or access a given external resource. This list can be presented in a context-sensitive menu. For example, the icons representing different ones of the external application 109 (or applets) can vary based on how the menu is launched by the user (e.g., from a conversation interface or from a non-conversation interface).
The client application 104 can allow users to launch AR experiences with AR elements or events of different types. Specifically, the client application 104 can receive a request to access an AR experience. In response to receiving the request to access the AR experience, the client application 104 launches an AR experience bundle associated with the AR experience. As part of the AR experience bundle, the client application 104 accesses a list of event types or conditions associated with the AR experience used to launch another component, such as a map application or web-based application or resource. The list can include event types or conditions that are predefined and/or event types that are specifically configured and selected by the AR developer.
The client application 104 can determine that an interaction associated with the AR experience corresponds to a first event type of the list of event types or a first condition. The client application 104, in response to detecting the interaction, identifies one or more components associated with the first condition. The client application 104 can access current state information associated with the AR experience and launches the one or more components based on the current state information of the AR experience. The one or more components can be launched programmatically, automatically (without user input), or in response to presenting a prompt with a call to action option for the user to select to launch the one or more components. This allows the AR experience developer to enhance or improve certain features of the AR experience and unify such an experience across other components of the client application 104 (used to implement the AR experience) which improves the overall experience of end users.
In some examples, the client application 104 can present an AR developer interface. In such cases, the client application 104 can be operated by an AR developer to develop and create one or more AR experiences, as discussed below.
System Architecture
The ephemeral timer system 202 is responsible for enforcing the temporary or time-limited access to content by the client application 104 and the messaging server 118. The ephemeral timer system 202 incorporates a number of timers that, based on duration and display parameters associated with a message, or collection of messages (e.g., a story), selectively enable access (e.g., for presentation and display) to messages and associated content via the client application 104. Further details regarding the operation of the ephemeral timer system 202 are provided below.
The collection management system 204 is responsible for managing sets or collections of media (e.g., collections of text, image video, and audio data). A collection of content (e.g., messages, including images, video, text, and audio) may be organized into an “event gallery” or an “event story.” Such a collection may be made available for a specified time period, such as the duration of an event to which the content relates. For example, content relating to a music concert may be made available as a “story” for the duration of that music concert. The collection management system 204 may also be responsible for publishing an icon that provides notification of the existence of a particular collection to the user interface of the client application 104.
The collection management system 204 further includes a curation interface 206 that allows a collection manager to manage and curate a particular collection of content. For example, the curation interface 206 enables an event organizer to curate a collection of content relating to a specific event (e.g., delete inappropriate content or redundant messages). Additionally, the collection management system 204 employs machine vision (or image recognition technology) and content rules to automatically curate a content collection. In certain examples, compensation may be paid to a user for the inclusion of user-generated content into a collection. In such cases, the collection management system 204 operates to automatically make payments to such users for the use of their content.
The augmentation system 208 provides various functions that enable a user to augment (e.g., annotate or otherwise modify or edit) media content associated with a message. For example, the augmentation system 208 provides functions related to the generation and publishing of media overlays for messages processed by the messaging system 100. The augmentation system 208 operatively supplies a media overlay or augmentation (e.g., an image filter) to the client application 104 based on a geolocation of the client device 102. In another example, the augmentation system 208 operatively supplies a media overlay to the client application 104 based on other information, such as social network information of the user of the client device 102. A media overlay may include audio and visual content and visual effects. Examples of audio and visual content include pictures, texts, logos, animations, and sound effects. An example of a visual effect includes color overlaying. The audio and visual content or the visual effects can be applied to a media content item (e.g., a photo) at the client device 102. For example, the media overlay may include text, a graphical element, or image that can be overlaid on top of a photograph taken by the client device 102. In another example, the media overlay includes an identification of a location overlay (e.g., Venice beach), a name of a live event, or a name of a merchant overlay (e.g., Beach Coffee House). In another example, the augmentation system 208 uses the geolocation of the client device 102 to identify a media overlay that includes the name of a merchant at the geolocation of the client device 102. The media overlay may include other indicia associated with the merchant. The media overlays may be stored in the database 126 and accessed through the database server 120.
In some examples, the augmentation system 208 provides a user-based publication platform that enables users to select a geolocation on a map and upload content associated with the selected geolocation. The user may also specify circumstances under which a particular media overlay should be offered to other users. The augmentation system 208 generates a media overlay that includes the uploaded content and associates the uploaded content with the selected geolocation.
In other examples, the augmentation system 208 provides a merchant-based publication platform that enables merchants to select a particular media overlay associated with a geolocation via a bidding process. For example, the augmentation system 208 associates the media overlay of the highest bidding merchant with a corresponding geolocation for a predefined amount of time. The augmentation system 208 communicates with the image processing server 122 to obtain augmented reality experiences and presents identifiers of such experiences in one or more user interfaces (e.g., as icons over a real-time image or video or as thumbnails or icons in interfaces dedicated for presented identifiers of augmented reality experiences). Once an augmented reality experience is selected, one or more images, videos, or augmented reality graphical elements are retrieved and presented as an overlay on top of the images or video captured by the client device 102. In some cases, the camera is switched to a front-facing view (e.g., the front-facing camera of the client device 102 is activated in response to activation of a particular augmented reality experience) and the images from the front-facing camera of the client device 102 start being displayed on the client device 102 instead of the rear-facing camera of the client device 102. The one or more images, videos, or augmented reality graphical elements are retrieved and presented as an overlay on top of the images that are captured and displayed by the front-facing camera of the client device 102.
In other examples, the augmentation system 208 is able to communicate and exchange data with another augmentation system 208 on another client device 102 and with the server via the network 112. The data exchanged can include a session identifier that identifies the shared AR session, a transformation between a first client device 102 and a second client device 102 (e.g., a plurality of client devices 102 include the first and second devices) that is used to align the shared AR session to a common point of origin, a common coordinate frame, functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well as other payload data (e.g., text, audio, video or other multimedia data), such as during a video call between a plurality of users or participants.
The augmentation system 208 sends the transformation to the second client device 102 so that the second client device 102 can adjust the AR coordinate system based on the transformation. In this way, the first and second client devices 102 synch up their coordinate systems and frames for displaying content in the AR session. Specifically, the augmentation system 208 computes the point of origin of the second client device 102 in the coordinate system of the first client device 102. The augmentation system 208 can then determine an offset in the coordinate system of the second client device 102 based on the position of the point of origin from the perspective of the second client device 102 in the coordinate system of the second client device 102. This offset is used to generate the transformation so that the second client device 102 generates AR content according to a common coordinate system or frame as the first client device 102.
The augmentation system 208 can communicate with the client device 102 to establish individual or shared AR sessions. The augmentation system 208 can also be coupled to the messaging server 118 to establish an electronic group communication session (e.g., group chat, instant messaging, video call, group video call, and so forth) for the client devices 102 in a shared AR session. The electronic group communication session can be associated with a session identifier provided by the client devices 102 to gain access to the electronic group communication session and to the shared AR session. In one example, the client devices 102 first gain access to the electronic group communication session and then obtain the session identifier in the electronic group communication session that allows the client devices 102 to access the shared AR session. In some examples, the client devices 102 are able to access the shared AR session without aid or communication with the augmentation system 208 in the application servers 114.
The map system 210 provides various geographic location functions, and supports the presentation of map-based media content and messages by the client application 104. For example, the map system 210 enables the display of user icons or avatars (e.g., stored in profile data 316, shown in
The game system 212 provides various gaming functions within the context of the client application 104. The client application 104 provides a game interface providing a list of available games (e.g., web-based games or web-based applications) that can be launched by a user within the context of the client application 104, and played with other users of the messaging system 100. The messaging system 100 further enables a particular user to invite other users to participate in the play of a specific game, by issuing invitations to such other users from the client application 104. The client application 104 also supports both voice and text messaging (e.g., chats) within the context of gameplay, provides a leaderboard for the games, and also supports the provision of in-game rewards (e.g., coins and items).
The external resource system 220 provides an interface for the client application 104 to communicate with external app(s) servers 110 to launch or access external resources. Each external resource (apps) server 110 hosts, for example, a markup language (e.g., HTML5) based application or small-scale version of an external application (e.g., game, utility, payment, or ride-sharing application that is external to the client application 104). The client application 104 may launch a web-based resource (e.g., application) by accessing the HTML5 file from the external resource (apps) servers 110 associated with the web-based resource. In certain examples, applications hosted by external resource servers 110 are programmed in JavaScript leveraging a Software Development Kit (SDK) provided by the messaging server 118. The SDK includes Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) with functions that can be called or invoked by the web-based application. In certain examples, the messaging server 118 includes a JavaScript library that provides a given third-party resource access to certain user data of the client application 104. HTML5 is used as an example technology for programming games, but applications and resources programmed based on other technologies can be used.
In order to integrate the functions of the SDK into the web-based resource, the SDK is downloaded by an external resource (apps) server 110 from the messaging server 118 or is otherwise received by the external resource (apps) server 110. Once downloaded or received, the SDK is included as part of the application code of a web-based external resource. The code of the web-based resource can then call or invoke certain functions of the SDK to integrate features of the client application 104 into the web-based resource.
The SDK stored on the messaging server 118 effectively provides the bridge between an external resource (e.g., third-party or external applications 109 or applets and the client application 104). This provides the user with a seamless experience of communicating with other users on the client application 104, while also preserving the look and feel of the client application 104. To bridge communications between an external resource and a client application 104, in certain examples, the SDK facilitates communication between external resource servers 110 and the client application 104. In certain examples, a Web ViewJavaScriptBridge running on a client device 102 establishes two one-way communication channels between an external resource and the client application 104. Messages are sent between the external resource and the client application 104 via these communication channels asynchronously. Each SDK function invocation is sent as a message and callback. Each SDK function is implemented by constructing a unique callback identifier and sending a message with that callback identifier.
By using the SDK, not all information from the client application 104 is shared with external resource servers 110. The SDK limits which information is shared based on the needs of the external resource. In certain examples, each external resource server 110 provides an HTML5 file corresponding to the web-based external resource to the messaging server 118. The messaging server 118 can add a visual representation (such as a box art or other graphic) of the web-based external resource in the client application 104. Once the user selects the visual representation or instructs the client application 104 through a GUI of the client application 104 to access features of the web-based external resource, the client application 104 obtains the HTML5 file and instantiates the resources necessary to access the features of the web-based external resource.
The client application 104 presents a graphical user interface (e.g., a landing page or title screen) for an external resource. During, before, or after presenting the landing page or title screen, the client application 104 determines whether the launched external resource has been previously authorized to access user data of the client application 104. In response to determining that the launched external resource has been previously authorized to access user data of the client application 104, the client application 104 presents another graphical user interface of the external resource that includes functions and features of the external resource. In response to determining that the launched external resource has not been previously authorized to access user data of the client application 104, after a threshold period of time (e.g., 3 seconds) of displaying the landing page or title screen of the external resource, the client application 104 slides up (e.g., animates a menu as surfacing from a bottom of the screen to a middle or other portion of the screen) a menu for authorizing the external resource to access the user data. The menu identifies the type of user data that the external resource will be authorized to use. In response to receiving a user selection of an accept option, the client application 104 adds the external resource to a list of authorized external resources and allows the external resource to access user data from the client application 104. In some examples, the external resource is authorized by the client application 104 to access the user data in accordance with an OAuth 2 framework.
The client application 104 controls the type of user data that is shared with external resources and between components implemented by the client application 104 based on the type of external resource or component being authorized. For example, external resources that include full-scale external applications (e.g., a third-party or external application 109) are provided with access to a first type of user data (e.g., only two-dimensional avatars of users with or without different avatar characteristics). As another example, external resources that include small-scale versions of external applications (e.g., web-based versions of third-party applications) are provided with access to a second type of user data (e.g., payment information, two-dimensional avatars of users, three-dimensional avatars of users, and avatars with various avatar characteristics). Avatar characteristics include different ways to customize a look and feel of an avatar, such as different poses, facial features, clothing, and so forth.
The component integration system 224 can access, by a messaging application implemented on a client device 102, a first component of a plurality of components implemented by the messaging application. The plurality of components can include an AR experience and each of the plurality of components can be configured to be separately launched by the messaging application. The component integration system 224 stores a first state of the first component in a data structure that is shared across the plurality of components, such as in one of the data structures 300 (
In some examples, the first component includes the AR experience and the second component includes at least one of a web-based application, a map application, or an avatar application. In some examples, the second component includes the AR experience and the first component includes at least one of a web-based application, a map application, or an avatar application.
The component integration system 224 can determine that the interaction has been performed using the first component by determining that input has been received from a user corresponding to a specified gesture. In such cases, the component integration system 224 executes, by the first component, a call to action operation associated with the second component to launch the second component. The component integration system 224, in response to determining that the input has been received corresponding to the specified gesture, displays by the first component a prompt with an option to execute the call to action operation. The component integration system 224 receives a second input that selects the option to execute the call to action operation.
The component integration system 224 can determine that the interaction has been performed using the first component by determining that a goal has been reached during use of the first component. In such cases, the component integration system 224, in response to determining that the goal has been reached, automatically executes, by the first component, a call to action operation associated with the second component to launch the second component.
In some examples, the component integration system 224 replaces a display of the first component with a display of the second component in response to launching the second component. In such cases, the component integration system 224 detects a specified interaction performed using the second component and updates the data structure to represent a current state of the second component. The component integration system 224 re-accesses the first component based on the updated data structure in response to detecting the specified interaction performed using the second component. The display of the second component can be replaced with the display of the first component after the first component is re-accessed.
In some examples, the component integration system 224 detects a specified interaction performed using the second component and updates the data structure to represent a current state of the second component. In such cases, the component integration system 224 launches, by the second component, a third component of the plurality of components based on the updated data structure in response to detecting the specified interaction performed using the second component. The display of the second component can be replaced with a display of the third component after the third component is launched.
In some examples, the first component includes the AR experience and the second component includes a web-based application. The state of the first component can include a payload of parameters of the AR experience which is used to adjust one or more parameters of the second component to provide a unified multi-component experience to a user.
In some examples, the component integration system 224 generates for display a first user interface associated with the AR experience in response to receiving a user selection of an option to separately launch the second component comprising the AR experience. The component integration system 224 generates for display a second user interface associated with the AR experience in response to launching the second component in response to the interaction performed using the first component. One or more options available in the first user interface can be disabled in the second user interface.
In some examples, the first component includes the AR experience and the second component comprises a map application. In such cases, the component integration system 224 applies, by the first component, one or more AR elements to a real-world object depicted in an image captured by a camera of the client device 102, the real-world object being associated with real-world location. The component integration system 224 stores data representing the one or more AR elements and the real-world location as the first state in the data structure and navigates a map displayed by the map application to a region including the real-world location. The component integration system 224 modifies a portion of the region of the map corresponding to the real-world object to include the one or more AR elements. The client device 102 can include a first client device 102 associated with a first user, wherein the first component includes the AR experience being accessed by the first client device 102 and the map application being accessed by a second client device 102 to display the modified portion of the region of the map on the second client device associated with a second user. In this way, operations performed by the first client device 102 with respect to an AR experience can be reflected by another component, such as a map application (that is distinct from the AR experience), that is accessed by another user on the second client device 102.
In some examples, the first component includes a web-based application and the second component includes the AR experience. In such cases, the component integration system 224 navigates an avatar in the web-based application to a virtual location and determines a condition indicating that the virtual location is associated with the AR experience including activation of a front-facing camera of the client device. The component integration system 224, in response to navigating the avatar in the web-based application to the virtual location, adds one or more AR elements of the AR experience to a real-time video feed captured by the front-facing camera of the client device 102. The component integration system 224 presents the real-time video feed that includes the one or more AR elements within a display of the web-based application.
In some examples, the first component includes a web-based application and the second component includes the AR experience. In such cases, the component integration system 224 receives input by the web-based application comprising selection of a virtual item and determines that the selection of the virtual item is associated with the AR experience including activation of a rear-facing camera of the client device. The component integration system 224, in response to receiving the input by the web-based application comprising selection of the virtual item, adds one or more AR elements of the AR experience representing the virtual item to a real-time video feed captured by the rear-facing camera of the client device. The component integration system 224 presents the real-time video feed that includes the one or more AR elements representing the virtual item of the web-based application.
In some examples, the first component includes the AR experience and the second component includes a web-based application. In such cases, component integration system 224 performs a series of operations including: presenting, by the AR experience, a first AR element comprising a virtual device; in response to receiving input by the AR experience to unlock the virtual device, causing the web-based application to present a keypad; receiving, by the web-based application, a request for a passcode hint; in response to receiving the request for the passcode hint, causing the AR experience to present one or more AR elements representing the passcode hint over a real-time video feed captured by a camera of the client device; receiving, by the web-based application, interaction with the keypad comprising a correct passcode associated with the passcode hint represented by the one or more AR elements; and enabling, by the web-based application, a user to interact with the virtual device in response to receiving the interaction with the keypad.
The component integration system 224 can also perform one or more interactions with the AR experience after access to the virtual device has been enabled and determines, by the AR experience, that the one or more interactions correspond to a goal. In such cases, the component integration system 224, in response to determining that the one or more interactions correspond to the goal, can unlock access, by the web-based application, to other features of the virtual device.
This functionality provides a greater amount of flexibility for a developer to create useful, interesting, unified, and engaging AR experiences across different components without being restricted by the resource constraints of the messaging applications and/or client devices that run the AR experiences.
Data Architecture
The database 126 includes message data stored within a message table 302. This message data includes, for any particular one message, at least message sender data, message recipient (or receiver) data, and a payload. Further details regarding information that may be included in a message, and included within the message data stored in the message table 302, are described below with reference to
An entity table 306 stores entity data, and is linked (e.g., referentially) to an entity graph 308 and profile data 316. Entities for which records are maintained within the entity table 306 may include individuals, corporate entities, organizations, objects, places, events, and so forth. Regardless of entity type, any entity regarding which the messaging server system 108 stores data may be a recognized entity. Each entity is provided with a unique identifier, as well as an entity type identifier (not shown).
The entity graph 308 stores information regarding relationships and associations between entities. Such relationships may be social, professional (e.g., work at a common corporation or organization) interested-based or activity-based, merely for example.
The profile data 316 stores multiple types of profile data about a particular entity. The profile data 316 may be selectively used and presented to other users of the messaging system 100, based on privacy settings specified by a particular entity. Where the entity is an individual, the profile data 316 includes, for example, a username, telephone number, address, settings (e.g., notification and privacy settings), as well as a user-selected avatar representation (or collection of such avatar representations). A particular user may then selectively include one or more of these avatar representations within the content of messages communicated via the messaging system 100, and on map interfaces displayed by client applications 104 to other users. The collection of avatar representations may include “status avatars,” which present a graphical representation of a status or activity that the user may select to communicate at a particular time.
Where the entity is a group, the profile data 316 for the group may similarly include one or more avatar representations associated with the group, in addition to the group name, members, and various settings (e.g., notifications) for the relevant group.
The database 126 also stores augmentation data, such as overlays or filters, in an augmentation table 310. The augmentation data is associated with and applied to videos (for which data is stored in a video table 304) and images (for which data is stored in an image table 312).
The database 126 can also store data pertaining to individual and shared AR sessions. This data can include data communicated between an AR session client controller of a first client device 102 and another AR session client controller of a second client device 102, and data communicated between the AR session client controller and the augmentation system 208. Data can include data used to establish the common coordinate frame of the shared AR scene, the transformation between the devices, the session identifier, images depicting a body, skeletal joint positions, wrist joint positions, feet, and so forth.
Filters, in one example, are overlays that are displayed as overlaid on an image or video during presentation to a recipient user. Filters may be of various types, including user-selected filters from a set of filters presented to a sending user by the client application 104 when the sending user is composing a message. Other types of filters include geolocation filters (also known as geo-filters), which may be presented to a sending user based on geographic location. For example, geolocation filters specific to a neighborhood or special location may be presented within a user interface by the client application 104, based on geolocation information determined by a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit of the client device 102.
Another type of filter is a data filter, which may be selectively presented to a sending user by the client application 104, based on other inputs or information gathered by the client device 102 during the message creation process. Examples of data filters include current temperature at a specific location, a current speed at which a sending user is traveling, battery life for a client device 102, or the current time.
Other augmentation data that may be stored within the image table 312 includes augmented reality content items (e.g., corresponding to applying augmented reality experiences). An augmented reality content item or augmented reality item may be a real-time special effect and sound that may be added to an image or a video.
As described above, augmentation data includes augmented reality content items, overlays, image transformations, AR images, AR logos or emblems, and similar terms that refer to modifications that may be applied to image data (e.g., videos or images). This includes real-time modifications, which modify an image as it is captured using device sensors (e.g., one or multiple cameras) of a client device 102 and then displayed on a screen of the client device 102 with the modifications. This also includes modifications to stored content, such as video clips in a gallery that may be modified. For example, in a client device 102 with access to multiple augmented reality content items, a user can use a single video clip with multiple augmented reality content items to see how the different augmented reality content items will modify the stored clip. For example, multiple augmented reality content items that apply different pseudorandom movement models can be applied to the same content by selecting different augmented reality content items for the content. Similarly, real-time video capture may be used with an illustrated modification to show how video images currently being captured by sensors of a client device 102 would modify the captured data. Such data may simply be displayed on the screen and not stored in memory, or the content captured by the device sensors may be recorded and stored in memory with or without the modifications (or both). In some systems, a preview feature can show how different augmented reality content items will look within different windows in a display at the same time. This can, for example, enable multiple windows with different pseudorandom animations to be viewed on a display at the same time.
Data and various systems using augmented reality content items or other such transform systems to modify content using this data can thus involve detection of objects (e.g., faces, hands, bodies, cats, dogs, surfaces, objects, etc.), tracking of such objects as they leave, enter, and move around the field of view in video frames, and the modification or transformation of such objects as they are tracked. In various examples, different methods for achieving such transformations may be used. Some examples may involve generating a three-dimensional mesh model of the object or objects, and using transformations and animated textures of the model within the video to achieve the transformation. In other examples, tracking of points on an object may be used to place an image or texture (which may be two dimensional or three dimensional) at the tracked position. In still further examples, neural network analysis of video frames may be used to place images, models, or textures in content (e.g., images or frames of video). Augmented reality content items thus refer both to the images, models, and textures used to create transformations in content, as well as to additional modeling and analysis information needed to achieve such transformations with object detection, tracking, and placement.
Real-time video processing can be performed with any kind of video data (e.g., video streams, video files, etc.) saved in a memory of a computerized system of any kind. For example, a user can load video files and save them in a memory of a device, or can generate a video stream using sensors of the device. Additionally, any objects can be processed using a computer animation model, such as a human's face and parts of a human body, animals, or non-living things such as chairs, cars, or other objects.
In some examples, when a particular modification is selected along with content to be transformed, elements to be transformed are identified by the computing device, and then detected and tracked if they are present in the frames of the video. The elements of the object are modified according to the request for modification, thus transforming the frames of the video stream. Transformation of frames of a video stream can be performed by different methods for different kinds of transformation. For example, for transformations of frames mostly referring to changing forms of an object's elements, characteristic points for each element of an object are calculated (e.g., using an Active Shape Model (ASM) or other known methods). Then, a mesh based on the characteristic points is generated for each of the at least one element of the object. This mesh is used in the following stage of tracking the elements of the object in the video stream. In the process of tracking, the mentioned mesh for each element is aligned with a position of each element. Then, additional points are generated on the mesh. A first set of first points is generated for each element based on a request for modification, and a set of second points is generated for each element based on the set of first points and the request for modification. Then, the frames of the video stream can be transformed by modifying the elements of the object on the basis of the sets of first and second points and the mesh. In such method, a background of the modified object can be changed or distorted as well by tracking and modifying the background.
In some examples, transformations changing some areas of an object using its elements can be performed by calculating characteristic points for each element of an object and generating a mesh based on the calculated characteristic points. Points are generated on the mesh, and then various areas based on the points are generated. The elements of the object are then tracked by aligning the area for each element with a position for each of the at least one element, and properties of the areas can be modified based on the request for modification, thus transforming the frames of the video stream. Depending on the specific request for modification, properties of the mentioned areas can be transformed in different ways. Such modifications may involve changing color of areas; removing at least some part of areas from the frames of the video stream; including one or more new objects into areas which are based on a request for modification; and modifying or distorting the elements of an area or object. In various examples, any combination of such modifications or other similar modifications may be used. For certain models to be animated, some characteristic points can be selected as control points to be used in determining the entire state-space of options for the model animation.
In some examples of a computer animation model to transform image data using face detection, the face is detected on an image with use of a specific face detection algorithm (e.g., Viola-Jones). Then, an Active Shape Model (ASM) algorithm is applied to the face region of an image to detect facial feature reference points.
Other methods and algorithms suitable for face detection can be used. For example, in some examples, features are located using a landmark, which represents a distinguishable point present in most of the images under consideration. For facial landmarks, for example, the location of the left eye pupil may be used. If an initial landmark is not identifiable (e.g., if a person has an eyepatch), secondary landmarks may be used. Such landmark identification procedures may be used for any such objects. In some examples, a set of landmarks forms a shape. Shapes can be represented as vectors using the coordinates of the points in the shape. One shape is aligned to another with a similarity transform (allowing translation, scaling, and rotation) that minimizes the average Euclidean distance between shape points. The mean shape is the mean of the aligned training shapes.
In some examples, a search is started for landmarks from the mean shape aligned to the position and size of the face determined by a global face detector. Such a search then repeats the steps of suggesting a tentative shape by adjusting the locations of shape points by template matching of the image texture around each point and then conforming the tentative shape to a global shape model until convergence occurs. In some systems, individual template matches are unreliable, and the shape model pools the results of the weak template matches to form a stronger overall classifier. The entire search is repeated at each level in an image pyramid, from coarse to fine resolution.
A transformation system can capture an image or video stream on a client device (e.g., the client device 102) and perform complex image manipulations locally on the client device 102 while maintaining a suitable user experience, computation time, and power consumption. The complex image manipulations may include size and shape changes, emotion transfers (e.g., changing a face from a frown to a smile), state transfers (e.g., aging a subject, reducing apparent age, changing gender), style transfers, graphical element application, and any other suitable image or video manipulation implemented by a convolutional neural network that has been configured to execute efficiently on the client device 102.
In some examples, a computer animation model to transform image data can be used by a system where a user may capture an image or video stream of the user (e.g., a selfie) using a client device 102 having a neural network operating as part of a client application 104 operating on the client device 102. The transformation system operating within the client application 104 determines the presence of a face within the image or video stream and provides modification icons associated with a computer animation model to transform image data, or the computer animation model can be present as associated with an interface described herein. The modification icons include changes that may be the basis for modifying the user's face within the image or video stream as part of the modification operation. Once a modification icon is selected, the transformation system initiates a process to convert the image of the user to reflect the selected modification icon (e.g., generate a smiling face on the user). A modified image or video stream may be presented in a graphical user interface displayed on the client device 102 as soon as the image or video stream is captured, and a specified modification is selected. The transformation system may implement a complex convolutional neural network on a portion of the image or video stream to generate and apply the selected modification. That is, the user may capture the image or video stream and be presented with a modified result in real-time or near real-time once a modification icon has been selected. Further, the modification may be persistent while the video stream is being captured, and the selected modification icon remains toggled. Machine-taught neural networks may be used to enable such modifications.
The graphical user interface, presenting the modification performed by the transformation system, may supply the user with additional interaction options. Such options may be based on the interface used to initiate the content capture and selection of a particular computer animation model (e.g., initiation from a content creator user interface). In various examples, a modification may be persistent after an initial selection of a modification icon. The user may toggle the modification on or off by tapping or otherwise selecting the face being modified by the transformation system and store it for later viewing or browse to other areas of the imaging application. Where multiple faces are modified by the transformation system, the user may toggle the modification on or off globally by tapping or selecting a single face modified and displayed within a graphical user interface. In some examples, individual faces, among a group of multiple faces, may be individually modified, or such modifications may be individually toggled by tapping or selecting the individual face or a series of individual faces displayed within the graphical user interface.
A story table 314 stores data regarding collections of messages and associated image, video, or audio data, which are compiled into a collection (e.g., a story or a gallery). The creation of a particular collection may be initiated by a particular user (e.g., each user for which a record is maintained in the entity table 306). A user may create a “personal story” in the form of a collection of content that has been created and sent/broadcast by that user. To this end, the user interface of the client application 104 may include an icon that is user-selectable to enable a sending user to add specific content to his or her personal story.
A collection may also constitute a “live story,” which is a collection of content from multiple users that is created manually, automatically, or using a combination of manual and automatic techniques. For example, a “live story” may constitute a curated stream of user-submitted content from various locations and events. users whose client devices have location services enabled and are at a common location event at a particular time may, for example, be presented with an option, via a user interface of the client application 104, to contribute content to a particular live story. The live story may be identified to the user by the client application 104, based on his or her location. The end result is a “live story” told from a community perspective.
A further type of content collection is known as a “location story,” which enables a user whose client device 102 is located within a specific geographic location (e.g., on a college or university campus) to contribute to a particular collection. In some examples, a contribution to a location story may require a second degree of authentication to verify that the end user belongs to a specific organization or other entity (e.g., is a student on the university campus).
As mentioned above, the video table 304 stores video data that, in one example, is associated with messages for which records are maintained within the message table 302. Similarly, the image table 312 stores image data associated with messages for which message data is stored in the entity table 306. The entity table 306 may associate various augmentations from the augmentation table 310 with various images and videos stored in the image table 312 and the video table 304.
Data Communications Architecture
The contents (e.g., values) of the various components of message 400 may be pointers to locations in tables within which content data values are stored. For example, an image value in the message image payload 406 may be a pointer to (or address of) a location within an image table 312. Similarly, values within the message video payload 408 may point to data stored within a video table 304, values stored within the message augmentation data 412 may point to data stored in an augmentation table 310, values stored within the message story identifier 418 may point to data stored in a story table 314, and values stored within the message sender identifier 422 and the message receiver identifier 424 may point to user records stored within an entity table 306.
Component Integration System
The AR experience development module 500 generates user interfaces for presentation to an AR developer on an AR developer client device 102. The user interfaces enable the AR developer to select AR events and conditions to control launching of other components on one or more client devices 102. As referred to herein, an “AR experience bundle” or “AR bundle” represents a set of AR elements (including standard AR elements and linked AR elements) and corresponding code that indicates the visual appearance, interaction and behavior of each of the AR elements. The AR bundle includes the code necessary for a client device 102 to launch and execute the AR experience associated with the AR bundle. The AR bundle includes conditions or parameters that are tracked and used to store a current state of the AR experience. The conditions are consistently or periodically tracked to identify one or more other components to launch on the client device 102 based on one or more interactions performed on the AR experience. In some cases, another component can pass parameters to the AR bundle which are used by the other component to initiate and launch the AR experience in a particular state.
In some examples, the AR experience development module 500 receives a request from a developer client device 102 to access a developer user interface. For example, the AR experience development module 500 receives login credentials from the developer client device 102. The AR experience development module 500 can search for an account associated with the login credentials and generate a graphical user interface associated with the account for presentation to the developer client device 102. The AR experience development module 500 presents, in the graphical user interface, a plurality of AR experience bundles associated with the account. In some cases, the account is accessible to an organization, in which case multiple users within the organization can share access to the account and can view the same set of AR experience bundles.
The AR experience development module 500 can receive input from the developer client device 102 that selects a given AR experience bundle. In response to receiving the input, the AR experience development module 500 presents a graphical user interface. The AR experience development module 500 includes, in the graphical user interface, an identifier of the AR experience bundle and a list of AR events, conditions or triggers that are included in the AR experience bundle and which control launching of another component during execution of the AR experience.
An AR event, condition, or trigger can include or represent a specified action, goal, or object that is associated with the AR experience. For example, the AR event, condition, or trigger can include any combination of a custom event, a camera event (specifying activation of a front or rear facing camera), a face found event, a face lost event, an object tracking criterion, a 3D object tracking criterion, a marker tracking component, a tap event, a touch started event, a touch moved event, a touch ended event, a shared session event, a shared session joined event, a voice command event, a voice transcription event, and/or a language event. The list can also include one or more AR elements or objects. The AR elements can include 2D meshes, 3D meshes, videos, audio files, image files, and/or machine learning models. The AR event, condition, or trigger can include combinatorial logic that is used to determine when to assert an operation or call to action for launching another component. For example, when the combinatorial logic asserts an output, the AR bundle identifies a second component (e.g., map application or web-based application) associated with the combinatorial logic. The AR bundle writes or stores a current state of the AR experience in a shared data structure for access by the second component. Then, the AR bundle instructs the client device 102 to launch the second component which uses the data structure to configure a state of the second component.
The AR experience development module 500 can receive input that selects a given AR event or condition or combinatorial logic. For example, the conditions or combinatorial logic specify a level of subscription of an end user, a geographical region associated with the end user, a time of day, a type of AR experience, geographical locations, goal, levels in a gaming application or AR experience, views or depictions of real-world environment portions, a request from an end user to enable persisting the AR object or element, time, location markers, image markers, or any other suitable condition.
In some examples, the client device 102 determines that a particular interaction (e.g., a particular camera view, such as a front-facing camera view, a rear-facing camera view, or that a specified real-world object is detected in a captured image) corresponds to a given condition associated with the AR experience. In such cases, the client device 102 aggregates the interaction into an entity or data structure associated with the given condition. If the condition is satisfied, the client device 102 identifies a second component associated with the condition and launches the second component using the aggregated interaction.
In some examples, the component access module 510 launches a first component, such as a web-based application, avatar application, map application, or AR experience. The first component can be launched on a first client device 102. For example, the client application 104 presents a user interface to a first user on the first client device 102. In one example, the user interface includes a plurality of options each associated with a different component implemented by the client application 104. In response to receiving a user selection of an option associated with the first component, the client application 104 launches the first component and presents or generates a display that includes a user interface of the first component.
The component access module 510 can retrieve a set of conditions associated with the first component. The set of conditions control when and which parameters to pass to a second and/or third component of the client application 104 during access of the first component. The set of conditions can be stored or configured into the component synchronization module 520. The set of conditions can also control what type of data or information is shared between the various components during access of the first component. The data or information is stored in a shared data structure by the component synchronization module 520.
The component synchronization module 520 can monitor progress or interactions performed by a user during access of the first component on the first client device 102. For example, the component synchronization module 520 detects that a particular interaction or set of interactions corresponds to a condition stored by the component synchronization module 520. For example, the first component includes a web-based application and the condition represents a level, virtual room, or set of actions, such as navigating an avatar to a particular virtual location within the web-based application. In such cases, the component synchronization module 520 identifies a second component (which can be of a different type than the first component) that is associated with the condition. The component synchronization module 520 programmatically, automatically, or in response to a user confirmation or selection of an option from a displayed prompt, launches the second component. The component synchronization module 520 provides, to the component access module 510, an identification of the second component and a set of configuration data from the shared data structure to initiate the launch of the second component into a particular state. The component access module 510 launches the second component in the particular state. For example, the second component can be an AR experience which presents one or more AR elements corresponding to the level, virtual room, or set of actions, such as navigating an avatar to a particular virtual location within the web-based application that was performed on the web-based application.
The component access module 510 can monitor progress or interactions performed by a user during access of the second component on the first client device 102. For example, the component synchronization module 520 detects that a particular interaction or set of interactions corresponds to a condition stored by the component synchronization module 520 for the second component. For example, the second component includes the AR experience and the condition can represent a user interaction with one or more of the AR elements presented within a real-time video feed captured by the first client device 102 and presented on the first client device 102. In such cases, the component synchronization module 520 identifies the first component and/or a third component (which can be of a different type than the first/second components) that is associated with the condition satisfied by the interaction with the second component. The component synchronization module 520 programmatically, automatically, or in response to a user confirmation or selection of an option from a displayed prompt, launches the first and/or third components. The component synchronization module 520 provides, to the component access module 510, an identification of the first and/or third components and a set of configuration data from the shared data structure to initiate the launch of the first and/or third component into a particular state. The component access module 510 launches the first and/or third component in the particular state. In this way, interactions performed on one component are used to control a state of another component in a seamless and unified manner.
In some examples, the first component includes an AR experience and the condition represents a level, goal, set of interactions with virtual elements or AR elements displayed in the AR experience over a real-world environment depicted in a captured video stream, virtual room, or set of actions. In such cases, the component synchronization module 520 identifies a second component (which can be of a different type than the first component) that is associated with the condition. The component synchronization module 520 programmatically, automatically, or in response to a user confirmation or selection of an option from a displayed prompt, launches the second component. The component synchronization module 520 provides, to the component access module 510, an identification of the second component and a set of configuration data from the shared data structure to initiate the launch of the second component into a particular state. The component access module 510 launches the second component in the particular state. For example, the second component is a web-based application which presents a user interface associated with the one or more AR elements interacted with using the AR experience.
The component access module 510 monitors progress or interactions performed by a user during access of the second component on the first client device 102. For example, the component synchronization module 520 detects that a particular interaction or set of interactions corresponds to a condition stored by the component synchronization module 520 for the second component. When a condition is satisfied by the interactions performed using the second component, the component synchronization module 520 identifies the first component and/or a third component (which can be of a different type than the first/second components) that is associated with the condition satisfied by the interaction with the second component. The component synchronization module 520 programmatically, automatically, or in response to a user confirmation or selection of an option from a displayed prompt, launches the first and/or third components. The component synchronization module 520 provides, to the component access module 510, an identification of the first and/or third components and a set of configuration data from the shared data structure to initiate the launch of the first and/or third component into a particular state. The component access module 510 launches the first and/or third component in the particular state. In this way, interactions performed on one component are used to control a state of another component in a seamless and unified manner.
In response to determining that the avatar has been moved or navigated to the virtual bathroom location, the component integration system 224 can determine that a condition is satisfied. The condition can be associated with launching an AR experience. In such cases, the component integration system 224 presents one or more graphical elements of the web-based application corresponding to the virtual bathroom location. For example, as shown in the user interface 620, the component integration system 224 displays a graphical mirror 626 which is part of the web-based application. The component integration system 224 also launches the AR experience with an indication of AR elements to present on a particular portion of a face.
The component integration system 224 can instruct the AR experience to activate a front-facing camera of the client device 102. In one example, the component integration system 224 requests input from the user to allow access to the front-facing camera (e.g., before the web-based application is launched and/or in response to triggering the condition that launches the AR experience). If the user allows the front-facing camera to be used, the component integration system 224 captures a real-time video stream from the camera and displays the real-time video stream in a specified portion of the user interface of the web-based application, such as in a portion surrounded by the virtual mirror 626. The AR experience can detect a real-world facial element, such as eyes of the user 622, in the video stream and display one or more animated AR elements 624 over or adjacent to the detected facial element. In this way, the component integration system 224 integrates some visual elements of the web-based application together with visual elements of the AR experience to provide a unified experience.
The component integration system 224 can detect that a certain condition is met, such as a user selecting an exit option or performing certain movement detected by the front-facing camera. In response, the component integration system 224 exits the AR experience and returns the user to the display of the web-based application, shown in user interface 630.
In some examples, as shown in the set of user interfaces 700 of
Specifically, in response to determining that the given one of the graphical elements 712 has been selected, the component integration system 224 determines that a condition is satisfied. In one example, the condition is associated with launching an AR experience. In such cases, the component integration system 224 instructs the AR experience to activate a rear-facing camera of the client device 102. The component integration system 224 passes one or more parameters of the web-based application that identify the given one of the graphical elements 712 that has been selected. The component integration system 224 requests input from the user to allow access to the rear-facing camera (e.g., before the web-based application is launched and/or in response to triggering the condition that launches the AR experience). If the user allows the rear-facing camera to be used, the component integration system 224 captures a real-time video stream from the rear-facing camera and displays the real-time video stream in a user interface 720. The AR experience can display one or more animated AR elements 724 over or adjacent to one or more real-world objects 722 depicted in the video stream. The AR elements 724 can represent AR counterparts (e.g., 3D flowers) of the virtual item (e.g., virtual flower) corresponding to the given one of the graphical elements 712 that was selected from the user interface of the web-based application. In this way, the component integration system 224 integrates some features of the visual elements of the web-based application into the visual elements of the AR experience to provide a unified experience.
In some examples, as shown in
The AR experience detects a an interaction, such as a user selection of the virtual AR device that is displayed. This interaction triggers a condition for launching a web-based application. In this case, the interaction includes a request to access or use the virtual AR device. The component integration system 224 provides parameters of the virtual AR device to the web-based application with an instruction to launch the web-based application. The web-based application presents a user interface 810 in place of the user interface 800 associated with the AR experience. The user interface 810 includes graphical elements of the web-based application, such as a virtual keypad. The web-based application receives input that selects a certain combination of keys of the virtual keypad and determines if the combination matches a predetermined combination or code. In response to the web-based application determining that the combination fails to match the predetermined combination or code, the web-based application presents a message indicating that the facepass is invalid.
In response to determining the number of times combinations entered by the user fail to match the predetermined combination or code, the web-based application determines that a condition for launching or re-accessing the AR experience is satisfied. In such cases, the web-based application retrieves a set of characters and pass those characters to the AR experience for presentation as AR elements. The web-based application launches the AR experience with instruction to activate a front-facing camera of the client device 102 in which a real-world environment is captured. The web-based application also instructs the AR experience to display an animated representation of the set of characters, such as using animated 3D AR elements. For example, as shown in user interface 820, the AR experience presents a real-time video feed depicting a face of a user 822 and one or more 3D AR elements 824 corresponding to the set of characters received from the web-based application. After a threshold period of time elapses or in response to input from a user, the AR experience is terminated and the web-based application user interface 810 is re-displayed. The web-based application allows the user to input the combination again corresponding to the 3D AR elements that were presented by the AR experience.
In response to the web-based application determining that the combination matches the predetermined combination or code, the web-based application presents a user interface 830, shown in
In some examples, an AR experience is presented on a first client device 102. The AR experience can correspond to a capture the flag game. The first client device 102 captures real-time video using a rear-facing camera of one or more real-world buildings in a real-world environment. In response to detecting that a condition associated with a first real-world building has been satisfied, the AR experience renders an AR element, such as a color, animation or pattern over the first real-world building. The AR experience also stores real-world location information, such as GPS coordinates of the first real-world building. The real-world location information is shared with a map application (another component of the client application 104) by the AR experience. The AR experience also shares the visual elements associated with the first real-world building with the map application.
At a later time or concurrently while the AR experience is accessed on the first client device 102, a second client device 102 can access the map application. The map application on the second client device 102 can access the shared information from the AR experience, such as because the first client device 102 authorized sharing of the information with a certain set or group of other client devices 102 including the second client device 102. The map application on the second client device 102 displays a map and receives input from a user that navigates the map to a region that includes the GPS coordinates of the first real-world building. In response, the map application displays a representation of the first real-world building on the map along with a representation of the visual elements associated with the first real-world building generated by the AR experience. For example, the map application displays an indicator or icon with a certain color over the GPS coordinates of the first real-world building on the displayed map region. This allows users who are not involved in the AR experience to track progress of the game and users on the AR experience by looking at a different component, such as a map that is external to the AR experience.
At operation 901, the component integration system 224 (e.g., a client device 102 or a server) accesses, by a messaging application implemented on a client device, a first component of a plurality of components implemented by the messaging application, the plurality of components comprising an augmented reality (AR) experience, each of the plurality of components being configured to be separately launched by the messaging application, as discussed above.
At operation 902, the component integration system 224 stores a first state of the first component in a data structure that is shared across the plurality of components, as discussed above.
At operation 903, the component integration system 224 launches, by the messaging application, a second component of the plurality of components in response to determining that an interaction has been performed using the first component, as discussed above.
At operation 904, the component integration system 224 accesses, by the second component, the data structure to retrieve the first state of the first component, as discussed above.
At operation 905, the component integration system 224 configures a second state of the second component that has been launched based on the first state of the first component, as discussed above.
Machine Architecture
The machine 1000 may include processors 1002, memory 1004, and input/output (I/O) components 1038, which may be configured to communicate with each other via a bus 1040. In an example, the processors 1002 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) Processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) Processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor 1006 and a processor 1010 that execute the instructions 1008. The term “processor” is intended to include multi-core processors that may comprise two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. Although
The memory 1004 includes a main memory 1012, a static memory 1014, and a storage unit 1016, all accessible to the processors 1002 via the bus 1040. The main memory 1012, the static memory 1014, and the storage unit 1016 store the instructions 1008 embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 1008 may also reside, completely or partially, within the main memory 1012, within the static memory 1014, within a machine-readable medium within the storage unit 1016, within at least one of the processors 1002 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine 1000.
The I/O components 1038 may include a wide variety of components to receive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information, exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/O components 1038 that are included in a particular machine will depend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobile phones may include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components 1038 may include many other components that are not shown in
In further examples, the I/O components 1038 may include biometric components 1028, motion components 1030, environmental components 1032, or position components 1034, among a wide array of other components. For example, the biometric components 1028 include components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye-tracking), measure biosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram-based identification), and the like. The motion components 1030 include acceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope).
The environmental components 1032 include, for example, one or cameras (with still image/photograph and video capabilities), illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas detection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other components that may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment.
With respect to cameras, the client device 102 may have a camera system comprising, for example, front cameras on a front surface of the client device 102 and rear cameras on a rear surface of the client device 102. The front cameras may, for example, be used to capture still images and video of a user of the client device 102 (e.g., “selfies”), which may then be augmented with augmentation data (e.g., filters) described above. The rear cameras may, for example, be used to capture still images and videos in a more traditional camera mode, with these images similarly being augmented with augmentation data. In addition to front and rear cameras, the client device 102 may also include a 360° camera for capturing 360° photographs and videos.
Further, the camera system of a client device 102 may include dual rear cameras (e.g., a primary camera as well as a depth-sensing camera), or even triple, quad or penta rear camera configurations on the front and rear sides of the client device 102. These multiple cameras systems may include a wide camera, an ultra-wide camera, a telephoto camera, a macro camera, and a depth sensor, for example.
The position components 1034 include location sensor components (e.g., a GPS receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.
Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. The I/O components 1038 further include communication components 1036 operable to couple the machine 1000 to a network 1020 or devices 1022 via respective coupling or connections. For example, the communication components 1036 may include a network interface component or another suitable device to interface with the network 1020. In further examples, the communication components 1036 may include wired communication components, wireless communication components, cellular communication components, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), WiFi® components, and other communication components to provide communication via other modalities. The devices 1022 may be another machine or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB).
Moreover, the communication components 1036 may detect identifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication components 1036 may include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detect one-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Aztec code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2D bar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components (e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, a variety of information may be derived via the communication components 1036, such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.
The various memories (e.g., main memory 1012, static memory 1014, and memory of the processors 1002) and storage unit 1016 may store one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., software) embodying or used by any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. These instructions (e.g., the instructions 1008), when executed by processors 1002, cause various operations to implement the disclosed examples.
The instructions 1008 may be transmitted or received over the network 1020, using a transmission medium, via a network interface device (e.g., a network interface component included in the communication components 1036) and using any one of several well-known transfer protocols (e.g., hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, the instructions 1008 may be transmitted or received using a transmission medium via a coupling (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to the devices 1022.
Software Architecture
The operating system 1112 manages hardware resources and provides common services. The operating system 1112 includes, for example, a kernel 1114, services 1116, and drivers 1122. The kernel 1114 acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers. For example, the kernel 1114 provides memory management, processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management, networking, and security settings, among other functionality. The services 1116 can provide other common services for the other software layers. The drivers 1122 are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware. For instance, the drivers 1122 can include display drivers, camera drivers, BLUETOOTH® or BLUETOOTH® Low Energy drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., USB drivers), WI-FI® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth.
The libraries 1110 provide a common low-level infrastructure used by applications 1106. The libraries 1110 can include system libraries 1118 (e.g., C standard library) that provide functions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematic functions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 1110 can include API libraries 1124 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of various media formats such as Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG4), Advanced Video Coding (H.264 or AVC), Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 (MP3), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec, Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG or JPG), or Portable Network Graphics (PNG)), graphics libraries (e.g., an OpenGL framework used to render in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D) in a graphic content on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite to provide various relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit to provide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries 1110 can also include a wide variety of other libraries 1128 to provide many other APIs to the applications 1106.
The frameworks 1108 provide a common high-level infrastructure that is used by the applications 1106. For example, the frameworks 1108 provide various graphical user interface (GUI) functions, high-level resource management, and high-level location services. The frameworks 1108 can provide a broad spectrum of other APIs that can be used by the applications 1106, some of which may be specific to a particular operating system or platform.
In an example, the applications 1106 may include a home application 1136, a contacts application 1130, a browser application 1132, a book reader application 1134, a location application 1142, a media application 1144, a messaging application 1146, a game application 1148, and a broad assortment of other applications such as an external application 1140. The applications 1106 are programs that execute functions defined in the programs. Various programming languages can be employed to create one or more of the applications 1106, structured in a variety of manners, such as object-oriented programming languages (e.g., Objective-C, Java, or C++) or procedural programming languages (e.g., C or assembly language). In a specific example, the external application 1140 (e.g., an application developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software development kit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform) may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such as IOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or another mobile operating system. In this example, the external application 1140 can invoke the API calls 1150 provided by the operating system 1112 to facilitate functionality described herein.
“Carrier signal” refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such instructions. Instructions may be transmitted or received over a network using a transmission medium via a network interface device.
“Client device” refers to any machine that interfaces to a communications network to obtain resources from one or more server systems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, portable digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, tablets, ultrabooks, netbooks, laptops, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, game consoles, set-top boxes, or any other communication device that a user may use to access a network.
“Communication network” refers to one or more portions of a network that may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network or a portion of a network may include a wireless or cellular network and the coupling may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or other types of cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling may implement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by various standard-setting organizations, other long-range protocols, or other data transfer technology.
“Component” refers to a device, physical entity, or logic having boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branch points, APIs, or other technologies that provide for the partitioning or modularization of particular processing or control functions. Components may be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry out a machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardware unit designed for use with other components and a part of a program that usually performs a particular function of related functions.
Components may constitute either software components (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium) or hardware components. A “hardware component” is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various examples, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computer system, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one or more hardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware component that operates to perform certain operations as described herein.
A hardware component may also be implemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, a hardware component may include dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certain operations. A hardware component may be a special-purpose processor, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). A hardware component may also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware component may include software executed by a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor. Once configured by such software, hardware components become specific machines (or specific components of a machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and are no longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software), may be driven by cost and time considerations. Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component” (or “hardware-implemented component”) should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein.
Considering examples in which hardware components are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware components need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where a hardware component comprises a general-purpose processor configured by software to become a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g., comprising different hardware components) at different times. Software accordingly configures a particular processor or processors, for example, to constitute a particular hardware component at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware component at a different instance of time.
Hardware components can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware components. Accordingly, the described hardware components may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple hardware components exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of the hardware components. In examples in which multiple hardware components are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware components may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware components have access. For example, one hardware component may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware component may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware components may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information).
The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented components that operate to perform one or more operations or functions described herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented component” refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors. Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors being an example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or more processors 1002 or processor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an API). The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some examples, the processors or processor-implemented components may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other examples, the processors or processor-implemented components may be distributed across a number of geographic locations.
“Computer-readable storage medium” refers to both machine-storage media and transmission media. Thus, the terms include both storage devices/media and carrier waves/modulated data signals. The terms “machine-readable medium,” “computer-readable medium” and “device-readable medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.
“Ephemeral message” refers to a message that is accessible for a time-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be a text, an image, a video and the like. The access time for the ephemeral message may be set by the message sender. Alternatively, the access time may be a default setting or a setting specified by the recipient. Regardless of the setting technique, the message is transitory.
“Machine storage medium” refers to a single or multiple storage devices and media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and associated caches and servers) that store executable instructions, routines and data. The term shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media, including memory internal or external to processors. Specific examples of machine-storage media, computer-storage media and device-storage media include non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FPGA, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks The terms “machine-storage medium,” “device-storage medium,” “computer-storage medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. The terms “machine-storage media,” “computer-storage media,” and “device-storage media” specifically exclude carrier waves, modulated data signals, and other such media, at least some of which are covered under the term “signal medium.”
“Non-transitory computer-readable storage medium” refers to a tangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions for execution by a machine.
“Signal medium” refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions for execution by a machine and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of software or data. The term “signal medium” shall be taken to include any form of a modulated data signal, carrier wave, and so forth. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a matter as to encode information in the signal. The terms “transmission medium” and “signal medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure.
Changes and modifications may be made to the disclosed examples without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. These and other changes or modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure, as expressed in the following claims.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 666223 | Shedlock | Jan 1901 | A |
| 4581634 | Williams | Apr 1986 | A |
| 4975690 | Torres | Dec 1990 | A |
| 5072412 | Henderson, Jr. et al. | Dec 1991 | A |
| 5493692 | Theimer et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5604843 | Shaw et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5689559 | Park | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5713073 | Warsta | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5754939 | Herz et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5855008 | Goldhaber et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5880731 | Liles et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5883639 | Walton et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5999932 | Paul | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6012098 | Bayeh et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6014090 | Rosen et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6023270 | Brush, II et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6029141 | Bezos et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6038295 | Mattes | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6049711 | Yehezkel et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
| RE36919 | Park | Oct 2000 | E |
| 6154764 | Nitta et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6167435 | Druckenmiller et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| RE37052 | Park | Feb 2001 | E |
| 6204840 | Petelycky et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6205432 | Gabbard et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6216141 | Straub et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6223165 | Lauffer | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6285381 | Sawano et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6285987 | Roth et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6310694 | Okimoto et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6317789 | Rakavy et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6334149 | Davis, Jr. et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6349203 | Asaoka et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6353170 | Eyzaguirre et al. | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6446004 | Cao et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6449657 | Stanbach et al. | Sep 2002 | B2 |
| 6456852 | Bar et al. | Sep 2002 | B2 |
| 6484196 | Maurille | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6487601 | Hubacher et al. | Nov 2002 | B1 |
| 6523008 | Avrunin | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6542749 | Tanaka et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| 6549768 | Fraccaroli | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6618593 | Drutman et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6622174 | Ukita et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6631463 | Floyd et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6636247 | Hamzy et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6636855 | Holloway et al. | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6643684 | Malkin et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6650793 | Lund et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6658095 | Yoakum et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6665531 | Soderbacka et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6668173 | Greene | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6684238 | Dutta | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6684257 | Camut et al. | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6698020 | Zigmond et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
| 6700506 | Winkler | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6720860 | Narayanaswami | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6724403 | Santoro et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6757713 | Ogilvie et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6772195 | Hatlelid et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6804417 | Lund et al. | Oct 2004 | B1 |
| 6832222 | Zimowski | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6834195 | Brandenberg et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6836792 | Chen | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6842779 | Nishizawa | Jan 2005 | B1 |
| 6898626 | Ohashi | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6959324 | Kubik et al. | Oct 2005 | B1 |
| 6970088 | Kovach | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6970907 | Ullmann et al. | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 6980909 | Root et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6981040 | Konig et al. | Dec 2005 | B1 |
| 7020494 | Spriestersbach et al. | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7027124 | Foote et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7072963 | Anderson et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7085571 | Kalhan et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7110744 | Freeny, Jr. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7124164 | Chemtob | Oct 2006 | B1 |
| 7149893 | Leonard et al. | Dec 2006 | B1 |
| 7173651 | Knowles | Feb 2007 | B1 |
| 7188143 | Szeto | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7203380 | Chiu et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7206568 | Sudit | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7227937 | Yoakum et al. | Jun 2007 | B1 |
| 7237002 | Estrada et al. | Jun 2007 | B1 |
| 7240089 | Boudreau | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7269426 | Kokkonen et al. | Sep 2007 | B2 |
| 7280658 | Amini et al. | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7315823 | Brondrup | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7342587 | Danzig et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7349768 | Bruce et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7356564 | Hartselle et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7394345 | Ehlinger et al. | Jul 2008 | B1 |
| 7411493 | Smith | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7423580 | Markhovsky et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7454442 | Cobleigh et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7468729 | Levinson | Dec 2008 | B1 |
| 7508419 | Toyama et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7519670 | Hagale et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7535890 | Rojas | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7546554 | Chiu et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7607096 | Oreizy et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7636755 | Blattner et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7639251 | Gu et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7639943 | Kalajan | Dec 2009 | B1 |
| 7650231 | Gadler | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7668537 | DeVries | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7770137 | Forbes et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7775885 | Van Luchene et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7778973 | Choi | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7779444 | Glad | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7787886 | Markhovsky et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7796946 | Eisenbach | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7801954 | Cadiz et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7856360 | Kramer et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7859551 | Bulman et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7885931 | Seo et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7925703 | Dinan et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 8001204 | Burtner et al. | Aug 2011 | B2 |
| 8032586 | Challenger et al. | Oct 2011 | B2 |
| 8082255 | Carlson, Jr. et al. | Dec 2011 | B1 |
| 8088044 | Tchao et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8090351 | Klein | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8095878 | Bates et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8098904 | Ioffe et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8099109 | Altman et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8108774 | Finn et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8112716 | Kobayashi | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8117281 | Robinson et al. | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8130219 | Fleury et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8131597 | Hudetz | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8135166 | Rhoads | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8136028 | Loeb et al. | Mar 2012 | B1 |
| 8146001 | Reese | Mar 2012 | B1 |
| 8146005 | Jones et al. | Mar 2012 | B2 |
| 8151191 | Nicol | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8161115 | Yamamoto | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8161417 | Lee | Apr 2012 | B1 |
| 8195203 | Tseng | Jun 2012 | B1 |
| 8199747 | Rojas et al. | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8208943 | Petersen | Jun 2012 | B2 |
| 8214443 | Hamburg | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8234350 | Gu et al. | Jul 2012 | B1 |
| 8276092 | Narayanan et al. | Sep 2012 | B1 |
| 8279319 | Date | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8280406 | Ziskind et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8285199 | Hsu et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8287380 | Nguyen et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8301159 | Hamynen et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8306922 | Kunal et al. | Nov 2012 | B1 |
| 8312086 | Velusamy et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8312097 | Siegel et al. | Nov 2012 | B1 |
| 8326315 | Phillips et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8326327 | Hymel et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8332475 | Rosen et al. | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8352546 | Dollard | Jan 2013 | B1 |
| RE43993 | Park | Feb 2013 | E |
| 8379130 | Forutanpour et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8384719 | Reville et al. | Feb 2013 | B2 |
| 8385950 | Wagner et al. | Feb 2013 | B1 |
| RE44054 | Kim | Mar 2013 | E |
| RE44068 | Park | Mar 2013 | E |
| RE44106 | Park | Mar 2013 | E |
| 8396708 | Park et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8402097 | Szeto | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8405773 | Hayashi et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| RE44121 | Park | Apr 2013 | E |
| 8418067 | Cheng et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8423409 | Rao | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8425322 | Gillo et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8458601 | Castelli et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8462198 | Lin et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8471914 | Sakiyama et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8472935 | Fujisaki | Jun 2013 | B1 |
| 8484158 | Deluca et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8495503 | Brown et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8495505 | Smith et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8504926 | Wolf | Aug 2013 | B2 |
| 8510383 | Hurley et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
| 8527345 | Rothschild et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 8554627 | Svendsen et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8559980 | Pujol | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8560612 | Kilmer et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8564621 | Branson et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8564710 | Nonaka et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8581911 | Becker et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8594680 | Ledlie et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8597121 | del Valle | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8601051 | Wang | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8601379 | Marks et al. | Dec 2013 | B2 |
| 8613089 | Holloway et al. | Dec 2013 | B1 |
| 8632408 | Gillo et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| 8648865 | Dawson et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8659548 | Hildreth | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8660358 | Bergboer et al. | Feb 2014 | B1 |
| 8660369 | Llano et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8660793 | Ngo et al. | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8682350 | Altman et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8683354 | Khandelwal et al. | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8692830 | Nelson et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8718333 | Wolf et al. | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8724622 | Rojas | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8732168 | Johnson | May 2014 | B2 |
| 8744523 | Fan et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8745132 | Obradovich | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8761800 | Kuwahara | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8768876 | Shim et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8775972 | Spiegel | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8788680 | Naik | Jul 2014 | B1 |
| 8790187 | Walker et al. | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8797415 | Arnold | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8798646 | Wang et al. | Aug 2014 | B1 |
| 8810513 | Ptucha et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8812171 | Filev et al. | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8832201 | Wall | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8832552 | Arrasvuori et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8839327 | Amento et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8856349 | Jain et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8874677 | Rosen et al. | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8886227 | Schmidt et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8890926 | Tandon et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8892999 | Nims et al. | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8909679 | Root et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8909725 | Sehn | Dec 2014 | B1 |
| 8924250 | Bates et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8963926 | Brown et al. | Feb 2015 | B2 |
| 8972357 | Shim et al. | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 8989786 | Feghali | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 8995433 | Rojas | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 9015285 | Ebsen et al. | Apr 2015 | B1 |
| 9020745 | Johnston et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9040574 | Wang et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
| 9055416 | Rosen et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9086776 | Ye et al. | Jul 2015 | B2 |
| 9094137 | Sehn et al. | Jul 2015 | B1 |
| 9100806 | Rosen et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9100807 | Rosen et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9105014 | Collet et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9113301 | Spiegel et al. | Aug 2015 | B1 |
| 9119027 | Sharon et al. | Aug 2015 | B2 |
| 9123074 | Jacobs et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9143382 | Bhogal et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9143681 | Ebsen et al. | Sep 2015 | B1 |
| 9152477 | Campbell et al. | Oct 2015 | B1 |
| 9191776 | Root et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| 9204252 | Root | Dec 2015 | B2 |
| 9225897 | Sehn et al. | Dec 2015 | B1 |
| 9241184 | Weerasinghe | Jan 2016 | B2 |
| 9256860 | Herger et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
| 9258459 | Hartley | Feb 2016 | B2 |
| 9298257 | Hwang et al. | Mar 2016 | B2 |
| 9314692 | Konoplev et al. | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9330483 | Du et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9344606 | Hartley et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9357174 | Li et al. | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9361510 | Yao et al. | Jun 2016 | B2 |
| 9378576 | Bouaziz et al. | Jun 2016 | B2 |
| 9385983 | Sehn | Jul 2016 | B1 |
| 9396354 | Murphy et al. | Jul 2016 | B1 |
| 9402057 | Kaytaz et al. | Jul 2016 | B2 |
| 9407712 | Sehn | Aug 2016 | B1 |
| 9407816 | Sehn | Aug 2016 | B1 |
| 9412192 | Mandel et al. | Aug 2016 | B2 |
| 9430783 | Sehn | Aug 2016 | B1 |
| 9439041 | Parvizi et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
| 9443227 | Evans et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
| 9450907 | Pridmore et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
| 9459778 | Hogeg et al. | Oct 2016 | B2 |
| 9460541 | Li et al. | Oct 2016 | B2 |
| 9489661 | Evans et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9489760 | Li et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9491134 | Rosen et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9503845 | Vincent | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9508197 | Quinn et al. | Nov 2016 | B2 |
| 9532171 | Allen et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9532364 | Fujito | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9537811 | Allen et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9544257 | Ogundokun et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9576400 | Van Os et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
| 9589357 | Li et al. | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9592449 | Barbalet et al. | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9628950 | Noeth et al. | Apr 2017 | B1 |
| 9648376 | Chang et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9697635 | Quinn et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9706040 | Kadirvel et al. | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9710821 | Heath | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9744466 | Fujioka | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9746990 | Anderson et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9749270 | Collet et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9792714 | Li et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
| 9839844 | Dunstan et al. | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 9854219 | Sehn | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 9883838 | Kaleal, III et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9898849 | Du et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
| 9911073 | Spiegel et al. | Mar 2018 | B1 |
| 9936165 | Li et al. | Apr 2018 | B2 |
| 9959037 | Chaudhri et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
| 9980100 | Charlton et al. | May 2018 | B1 |
| 9990373 | Fortkort | Jun 2018 | B2 |
| 10039988 | Lobb et al. | Aug 2018 | B2 |
| 10097492 | Tsuda et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10116598 | Tucker et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10155168 | Blackstock et al. | Dec 2018 | B2 |
| 10158589 | Collet et al. | Dec 2018 | B2 |
| 10242477 | Charlton et al. | Mar 2019 | B1 |
| 10242503 | McPhee et al. | Mar 2019 | B2 |
| 10262250 | Spiegel et al. | Apr 2019 | B1 |
| 10348662 | Baldwin et al. | Jul 2019 | B2 |
| 10362219 | Wilson et al. | Jul 2019 | B2 |
| 10432559 | Baldwin et al. | Oct 2019 | B2 |
| 10454857 | Blackstock et al. | Oct 2019 | B1 |
| 10475225 | Park et al. | Nov 2019 | B2 |
| 10504266 | Blattner et al. | Dec 2019 | B2 |
| 10554596 | Fish et al. | Feb 2020 | B1 |
| 10573048 | Ni et al. | Feb 2020 | B2 |
| 10656797 | Alvi et al. | May 2020 | B1 |
| 10657695 | Chand et al. | May 2020 | B2 |
| 10657701 | Osman et al. | May 2020 | B2 |
| 10674311 | Bouba et al. | Jun 2020 | B1 |
| 10762174 | Denton et al. | Sep 2020 | B2 |
| 10805248 | Luo et al. | Oct 2020 | B2 |
| 10872451 | Sheth et al. | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 10880246 | Baldwin et al. | Dec 2020 | B2 |
| 10893385 | Berardino et al. | Jan 2021 | B1 |
| 10895964 | Grantham et al. | Jan 2021 | B1 |
| 10896534 | Smith et al. | Jan 2021 | B1 |
| 10933311 | Brody et al. | Mar 2021 | B2 |
| 10936066 | Jaureguiberry et al. | Mar 2021 | B1 |
| 10938758 | Allen et al. | Mar 2021 | B2 |
| 10939246 | Dancie et al. | Mar 2021 | B1 |
| 10945098 | Dancie et al. | Mar 2021 | B2 |
| 10964082 | Amitay et al. | Mar 2021 | B2 |
| 10979752 | Brody et al. | Apr 2021 | B1 |
| 10984575 | Assouline et al. | Apr 2021 | B2 |
| 10992619 | Antmen et al. | Apr 2021 | B2 |
| 11010022 | Alvi et al. | May 2021 | B2 |
| 11030789 | Chand et al. | Jun 2021 | B2 |
| 11032670 | Baylin et al. | Jun 2021 | B1 |
| 11036781 | Baril et al. | Jun 2021 | B1 |
| 11039270 | Bouba et al. | Jun 2021 | B2 |
| 11063891 | Voss | Jul 2021 | B2 |
| 11069103 | Blackstock et al. | Jul 2021 | B1 |
| 11080917 | Monroy-hernández et al. | Aug 2021 | B2 |
| 11128586 | Al Majid et al. | Sep 2021 | B2 |
| 11166123 | Guillaume | Nov 2021 | B1 |
| 11188190 | Blackstock et al. | Nov 2021 | B2 |
| 11189070 | Jahangiri et al. | Nov 2021 | B2 |
| 11199957 | Alvi et al. | Dec 2021 | B1 |
| 11218433 | Baldwin et al. | Jan 2022 | B2 |
| 11229849 | Blackstock et al. | Jan 2022 | B2 |
| 11245658 | Grantham et al. | Feb 2022 | B2 |
| 11249614 | Brody | Feb 2022 | B2 |
| 11263254 | Baril et al. | Mar 2022 | B2 |
| 11270491 | Monroy-Hernández et al. | Mar 2022 | B2 |
| 11275439 | Jaureguiberry et al. | Mar 2022 | B2 |
| 11284144 | Kotsopoulos et al. | Mar 2022 | B2 |
| 11294936 | Jaureguiberry | Apr 2022 | B1 |
| 11307747 | Dancie et al. | Apr 2022 | B2 |
| 20020047868 | Miyazawa | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020067362 | Agostino Nocera et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020078456 | Hudson et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020087631 | Sharma | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020097257 | Miller et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020122659 | Mcgrath et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020128047 | Gates | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020144154 | Tomkow | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020169644 | Greene | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20030001846 | Davis et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030016247 | Lai et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030017823 | Mager et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030020623 | Cao et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030023874 | Prokupets et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030037124 | Yamaura et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030052925 | Daimon et al. | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030101230 | Benschoter et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030110503 | Perkes | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030126215 | Udell | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030148773 | Spriestersbach et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030164856 | Prager et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030229607 | Zellweger et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040027371 | Jaeger | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040064429 | Hirstius et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040078367 | Anderson et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040111467 | Willis | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040158739 | Wakai et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040189465 | Capobianco et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040203959 | Coombes | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040215625 | Svendsen et al. | Oct 2004 | A1 |
| 20040243531 | Dean | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20040243688 | Wugofski | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050021444 | Bauer et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050022211 | Veselov et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050048989 | Jung | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050078804 | Yomoda | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20050097176 | Schatz et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050102381 | Jiang et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050104976 | Currans | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050114783 | Szeto | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050119936 | Buchanan et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050122405 | Voss et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050162419 | Kim et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050193340 | Amburgey et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050193345 | Klassen et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050198128 | Anderson | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050206610 | Cordelli | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050223066 | Buchheit et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050288954 | McCarthy et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060026067 | Nicholas et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060107297 | Toyama et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060114338 | Rothschild | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060119882 | Harris et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060242239 | Morishima et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060252438 | Ansamaa et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060265417 | Amato et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060270419 | Crowley et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060287878 | Wadhwa et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060294465 | Ronen et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070004426 | Pfleging et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070038715 | Collins et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070040931 | Nishizawa | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070073517 | Panje | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070073823 | Cohen et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070075898 | Markhovsky et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070082707 | Flynt et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070113181 | Blattner et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070136228 | Petersen | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070168863 | Blattner et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070176921 | Iwasaki et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070192128 | Celestini | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070198340 | Lucovsky et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070198495 | Buron et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070208751 | Cowan et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070210936 | Nicholson | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070214180 | Crawford | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070214216 | Carrer et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070233556 | Koningstein | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070233801 | Eren et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070233859 | Zhao et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070243887 | Bandhole et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070244750 | Grannan et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070255456 | Funayama | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070281690 | Altman et al. | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080022329 | Glad | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080025701 | Ikeda | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080032703 | Krumm et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080033930 | Warren | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080043041 | Hedenstroem et al. | Feb 2008 | A2 |
| 20080049704 | Witteman et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080062141 | Chandhri | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080076505 | Ngyen et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080092233 | Tian et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080094387 | Chen | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080104503 | Beall et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080109844 | Baldeschweiler et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080120409 | Sun et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080147730 | Lee et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080148150 | Mall | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080158222 | Li et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080158230 | Sharma et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080168033 | Ott et al. | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080168489 | Schraga | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080189177 | Anderton et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080207176 | Brackbill et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080208692 | Garaventi et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080214210 | Pasanen et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080222545 | Lemay | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20080255976 | Altberg et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080256446 | Yamamoto | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080256577 | Funaki et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080266421 | Takahata et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080270938 | Carlson | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080288338 | Wiseman et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080306826 | Kramer et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080313329 | Wang et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080313346 | Kujawa et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080318616 | Chipalkatti et al. | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090006191 | Arankalle et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090006565 | Velusamy et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090015703 | Kim et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090016617 | Bregman-amitai et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090024956 | Kobayashi | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090030774 | Rothschild et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090030999 | Gatzke et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090040324 | Nonaka | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090042588 | Lottin et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090055484 | Vuong et al. | Feb 2009 | A1 |
| 20090058822 | Chaudhri | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090070688 | Gyorfi et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090079846 | Chou | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090089678 | Sacco et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090089710 | Wood et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090093261 | Ziskind | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090099925 | Mehta et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090106672 | Burstrom | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090132341 | Klinger | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090132453 | Hangartner et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090132665 | Thomsen et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090148045 | Lee et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090153492 | Popp | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090157450 | Athsani et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090157752 | Gonzalez | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090158170 | Narayanan et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090160970 | Fredlund et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090163182 | Gatti et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090177299 | Van De Sluis | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090177976 | Bokor et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090192900 | Collision | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090199242 | Johnson et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090202114 | Morin et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090215469 | Fisher et al. | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090232354 | Camp, Jr. et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090234815 | Boerries et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090239552 | Churchill et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090249222 | Schmidt et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090249244 | Robinson et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090265604 | Howard et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090265647 | Martin et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090288022 | Almstrand et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090291672 | Treves et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090292608 | Polachek | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090300525 | Jolliff et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090303984 | Clark et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090319607 | Belz et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090327073 | Li | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100011422 | Mason et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100023885 | Reville et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100062794 | Han | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100082427 | Burgener et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100082693 | Hugg et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100100568 | Papin et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100113065 | Narayan et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100115426 | Liu et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100130233 | Parker | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100131880 | Lee et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100131895 | Wohlert | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100153144 | Miller et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100159944 | Pascal et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100161658 | Hamynen et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100161831 | Haas et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100162149 | Sheleheda et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100183280 | Beauregard et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100185552 | Deluca et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100185665 | Horn et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100191631 | Weidmann | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100197318 | Petersen et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100197319 | Petersen et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100198683 | Aarabi | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100198694 | Muthukrishnan | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100198826 | Petersen et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100198828 | Petersen et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100198862 | Jennings et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100198870 | Petersen et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100198917 | Petersen et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100201482 | Robertson et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100201536 | Robertson et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100203968 | Gill et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100214436 | Kim et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100223128 | Dukellis et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100223343 | Bosan et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100227682 | Reville et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100250109 | Johnston et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100257196 | Waters et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100259386 | Holley et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100273509 | Sweeney et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100281045 | Dean | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100306669 | Della Pasqua | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110004071 | Faiola et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110010205 | Richards | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110029512 | Folgner et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110040783 | Uemichi et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110040804 | Peirce et al. | Feb 2011 | A1 |
| 20110050909 | Ellenby et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110050915 | Wang et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110064388 | Brown et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110066743 | Hurley et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110083101 | Sharon et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110093780 | Dunn | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110102630 | Rukes | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110115798 | Nayar et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110119133 | Igelman et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110137881 | Cheng et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110145564 | Moshir et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110148864 | Lee et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110159890 | Fortescue et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110164163 | Bilbrey et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110197194 | D'Angelo et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110202598 | Evans et al. | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110202968 | Nurmi | Aug 2011 | A1 |
| 20110211534 | Schmidt et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110213845 | Logan et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110215966 | Kim et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110225048 | Nair | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110238763 | Shin et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110239136 | Goldman et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110255736 | Thompson et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110273575 | Lee | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110282799 | Huston | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110283188 | Farrenkopf | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110314419 | Dunn et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20110320373 | Lee et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120028659 | Whitney et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120033718 | Kauffman et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120036015 | Sheikh | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120036443 | Ohmori et al. | Feb 2012 | A1 |
| 20120054797 | Skog et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120059722 | Rao | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120062805 | Candelore | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120084731 | Filman et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120084835 | Thomas et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120099800 | Llano et al. | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120108293 | Law et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120110096 | Smarr et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120113106 | Choi et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120113143 | Adhikari et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120113272 | Hata | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120123830 | Svendsen et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120123871 | Svendsen et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120123875 | Svendsen et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120124126 | Alcazar et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120124176 | Curtis et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120124458 | Cruzada | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120130717 | Xu et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120131507 | Sparandara et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120131512 | Takeuchi et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120143760 | Abulafia et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120150978 | Monaco | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120165100 | Lalancette et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120166971 | Sachson et al. | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120169855 | Oh | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120172062 | Altman et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120173991 | Roberts et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120176401 | Hayward et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120184248 | Speede | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120197724 | Kendall | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120200743 | Blanchflower et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120209924 | Evans et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120210244 | De Francisco Lopez et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120212632 | Mate et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120220264 | Kawabata | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120226748 | Bosworth et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120233000 | Fisher et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120236162 | Imamura | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120239761 | Linner et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120250951 | Chen | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120252418 | Kandekar et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120254325 | Majeti et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120278387 | Garcia et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120278692 | Shi | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120290637 | Perantatos et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120299954 | Wada et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120304052 | Tanaka et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120304080 | Wormald et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120307096 | Ford et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120307112 | Kunishige et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120319904 | Lee et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120323933 | He et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20120324018 | Metcalf et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130006759 | Srivastava et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130024757 | Doll et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
| 20130036364 | Johnson | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130045753 | Obermeyer et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130050260 | Reitan | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130055083 | Fino | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130057587 | Leonard et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130059607 | Herz et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130060690 | Oskolkov et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130063369 | Malhotra et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130067027 | Song et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130071093 | Hanks et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130080254 | Thramann | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130085790 | Palmer et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130086072 | Peng et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130090171 | Holton et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130095857 | Garcia et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130103760 | Golding et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130104053 | Thornton et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20130110885 | Brundrett, III | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130111514 | Slavin et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130128059 | Kristensson | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130129252 | Lauper | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130132477 | Bosworth et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20130145286 | Feng et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130159110 | Rajaram et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130159919 | Leydon | Jun 2013 | A1 |
| 20130169822 | Zhu et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130173729 | Starenky et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130182133 | Tanabe | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130185131 | Sinha et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130191198 | Carlson et al. | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130194301 | Robbins et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130198176 | Kim | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130201187 | Tong et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130218965 | Abrol et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130218968 | Mcevilly et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130222323 | Mckenzie | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130227476 | Frey | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130232194 | Knapp et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130249948 | Reitan | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130257877 | Davis | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130263031 | Oshiro et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130265450 | Barnes, Jr. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130267253 | Case et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130275505 | Gauglitz et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130290443 | Collins et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130304646 | De Geer | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130311255 | Cummins et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130325964 | Berberat | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130344896 | Kirmse et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130346869 | Asver et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20130346877 | Borovoy et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20140006129 | Heath | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140011538 | Mulcahy et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140019264 | Wachman et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140032682 | Prado et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140043204 | Basnayake et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140043329 | Wang et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140045530 | Gordon et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140047016 | Rao | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140047045 | Baldwin et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140047335 | Lewis et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140049652 | Moon et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140052485 | Shidfar | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140052633 | Gandhi | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140055554 | Du et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140057660 | Wager | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140082651 | Sharifi | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140092130 | Anderson et al. | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140096029 | Schultz | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140114565 | Aziz et al. | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140122658 | Haeger et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140122787 | Shalvi et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140125678 | Wang et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140129343 | Finster et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140129953 | Spiegel | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140143143 | Fasoli et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140149519 | Redfern et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
| 20140155102 | Cooper et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140173424 | Hogeg et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140173457 | Wang et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140189592 | Benchenaa et al. | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140207679 | Cho | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140214471 | Schreiner, III | Jul 2014 | A1 |
| 20140222564 | Kranendonk et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140258405 | Perkin | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140265359 | Cheng et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140266703 | Dalley, Jr. et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140279061 | Elimellah et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140279436 | Dorsey et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140279540 | Jackson | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140280537 | Pridmore et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140282096 | Rubinstein et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140287779 | O'keefe et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140289833 | Briceno | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20140306986 | Gottesman et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140317302 | Naik | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140324627 | Haver et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140324629 | Jacobs | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140325383 | Brown et al. | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20150020086 | Chen et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
| 20150046278 | Pei et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
| 20150071619 | Brough | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150087263 | Branscomb et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150088622 | Ganschow et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150095020 | Leydon | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150096042 | Mizrachi | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150116529 | Wu et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150169827 | Laborde | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150172534 | Miyakawaa et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150178260 | Brunson | Jun 2015 | A1 |
| 20150206349 | Rosenthal et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150222814 | Li et al. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| 20150261917 | Smith | Sep 2015 | A1 |
| 20150312184 | Langholz et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
| 20150350136 | Flynn, III et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150365795 | Allen et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20150378502 | Hu et al. | Dec 2015 | A1 |
| 20160006927 | Sehn | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160014063 | Hogeg et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160085773 | Chang et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160085863 | Allen et al. | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160099901 | Allen et al. | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160134840 | Mcculloch | May 2016 | A1 |
| 20160180887 | Sehn | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160182422 | Sehn et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160182875 | Sehn | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20160234149 | Tsuda et al. | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160239248 | Sehn | Aug 2016 | A1 |
| 20160277419 | Allen et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
| 20160321708 | Sehn | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20170006094 | Abou Mahmoud et al. | Jan 2017 | A1 |
| 20170061308 | Chen et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170080346 | Abbas | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170087473 | Siegel et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20170113140 | Blackstock et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170118145 | Aittoniemi et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
| 20170199855 | Fishbeck | Jul 2017 | A1 |
| 20170235848 | Van Deusen et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20170287006 | Azmoodeh et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170310934 | Du et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
| 20170312634 | Ledoux et al. | Nov 2017 | A1 |
| 20180047200 | O'hara et al. | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180113587 | Allen et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| 20180115503 | Baldwin et al. | Apr 2018 | A1 |
| 20180198743 | Blackstock et al. | Jul 2018 | A1 |
| 20180315076 | Andreou | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180315133 | Brody et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20180315134 | Amitay et al. | Nov 2018 | A1 |
| 20190001223 | Blackstock et al. | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190030436 | Miyamoto | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20190057616 | Cohen et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
| 20190097958 | Collet et al. | Mar 2019 | A1 |
| 20190114061 | Daniels | Apr 2019 | A1 |
| 20190179405 | Sun | Jun 2019 | A1 |
| 20190188920 | Mcphee et al. | Jun 2019 | A1 |
| 20190280997 | Baldwin et al. | Sep 2019 | A1 |
| 20200306637 | Baldwin et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200314046 | Jung | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200314586 | Bouba et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
| 20200372127 | Denton et al. | Nov 2020 | A1 |
| 20200382912 | Dancie et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20200401225 | Jaureguiberry et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20200410575 | Grantham et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
| 20210011612 | Dancie et al. | Jan 2021 | A1 |
| 20210074047 | Sheth et al. | Mar 2021 | A1 |
| 20210089179 | Grantham et al. | Mar 2021 | A1 |
| 20210104087 | Smith et al. | Apr 2021 | A1 |
| 20210152979 | Berardino et al. | May 2021 | A1 |
| 20210168108 | Antmen et al. | Jun 2021 | A1 |
| 20210170270 | Brody et al. | Jun 2021 | A1 |
| 20210192823 | Amitay et al. | Jun 2021 | A1 |
| 20210209825 | Assouline et al. | Jul 2021 | A1 |
| 20210225058 | Chand et al. | Jul 2021 | A1 |
| 20210240315 | Alvi et al. | Aug 2021 | A1 |
| 20210243482 | Baril et al. | Aug 2021 | A1 |
| 20210243503 | Kotsopoulos et al. | Aug 2021 | A1 |
| 20210266277 | Allen et al. | Aug 2021 | A1 |
| 20210266704 | Dancie et al. | Aug 2021 | A1 |
| 20210281897 | Brody et al. | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210285774 | Collins et al. | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210306290 | Voss | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210306451 | Heikkinen et al. | Sep 2021 | A1 |
| 20210377693 | Bouba et al. | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210385180 | Al Majid | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210405831 | Mourkogiannis et al. | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210409535 | Mourkogiannis et al. | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210409610 | Mandia | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20210409904 | Baylin et al. | Dec 2021 | A1 |
| 20220012929 | Blackstock et al. | Jan 2022 | A1 |
| 20220084295 | Smith et al. | Mar 2022 | A1 |
| 20220103969 | Drummond | Mar 2022 | A1 |
| 20220130119 | Charlton | Apr 2022 | A1 |
| 20220174455 | Guillaume | Jun 2022 | A1 |
| 20220269345 | Jaureguiberry et al. | Aug 2022 | A1 |
| 20220309037 | Gutierrez | Sep 2022 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2887596 | Jul 2015 | CA |
| 109863532 | Jun 2019 | CN |
| 110168478 | Aug 2019 | CN |
| 2051480 | Apr 2009 | EP |
| 2151797 | Feb 2010 | EP |
| 2184092 | May 2010 | EP |
| 2399928 | Sep 2004 | GB |
| 2001230801 | Aug 2001 | JP |
| 5497931 | Mar 2014 | JP |
| 19990073076 | Oct 1999 | KR |
| 20010078417 | Aug 2001 | KR |
| 101445263 | Sep 2014 | KR |
| WO-1996024213 | Aug 1996 | WO |
| WO-1999063453 | Dec 1999 | WO |
| WO-2000058882 | Oct 2000 | WO |
| WO-2001029642 | Apr 2001 | WO |
| WO-2001050703 | Jul 2001 | WO |
| WO-2003094072 | Nov 2003 | WO |
| WO-2004095308 | Nov 2004 | WO |
| WO-2006107182 | Oct 2006 | WO |
| WO-2006118755 | Nov 2006 | WO |
| WO-2007092668 | Aug 2007 | WO |
| WO-2007134402 | Nov 2007 | WO |
| WO-2009043020 | Apr 2009 | WO |
| WO-2011040821 | Apr 2011 | WO |
| WO-2011119407 | Sep 2011 | WO |
| WO-2012139276 | Oct 2012 | WO |
| WO-2013008238 | Jan 2013 | WO |
| WO-2013027893 | Feb 2013 | WO |
| WO-2013045753 | Apr 2013 | WO |
| WO-2013152454 | Oct 2013 | WO |
| WO-2013166588 | Nov 2013 | WO |
| WO-2014006129 | Jan 2014 | WO |
| WO-2014031899 | Feb 2014 | WO |
| WO-2014068573 | May 2014 | WO |
| WO-2014115136 | Jul 2014 | WO |
| WO-2014194262 | Dec 2014 | WO |
| WO-2014194439 | Dec 2014 | WO |
| WO-20151920226 | Dec 2015 | WO |
| WO-2016044424 | Mar 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016054562 | Apr 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016065131 | Apr 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016090605 | Jun 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016100318 | Jun 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016100318 | Jun 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016100342 | Jun 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016149594 | Sep 2016 | WO |
| WO-2016179166 | Nov 2016 | WO |
| WO-2018081013 | May 2018 | WO |
| WO-2018102562 | Jun 2018 | WO |
| WO-2018129531 | Jul 2018 | WO |
| WO-2019089613 | May 2019 | WO |
| 2023249984 | Dec 2023 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| “A Whole New Story”, Snap, Inc., [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://www.snap.com/en-US/news/>, (2017), 13 pgs. |
| “Adding photos to your listing”, eBay, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://pages.ebay.com/help/sell/pictures.html>, (accessed May 24, 2017), 4 pgs. |
| “Bitmoji”, Snapchat Support, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20190503063620/https://support.snapchat.com/en-US/a/bitmoji>, (captured May 3, 2019), 2 pgs. |
| “Bitmoji Chrome Extension”, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20200919024925/https://support.bimoji.com/hc/en-us/articles/360001494066>, (Sep. 19, 2020), 5 pgs. |
| “Bitmoji Customize text”, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20210225200456/https://support.bitmoji.com/hc/en-us/articles/360034632291-Customize-Text-on-Bitmoji-Stickers>, (captured Feb. 25, 2021), 3 pgs. |
| “Bitmoji Family”, Snapchat Support, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20190503063620/https://support.snapchat.com/en-US/article/bitmoji-family>, (captured May 3, 2019), 4 pgs. |
| “BlogStomp”, StompSoftware, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://stompsoftware.com/blogstomp>, (accessed May 24, 17), 12 pgs. |
| “Cup Magic Starbucks Holiday Red Cups come to life with AR app”, Blast Radius, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20160711202454/http://www.blastradius.com/work/cup-magic>, (2016), 7 pgs. |
| “Daily App: InstaPlace (iOS/Android): Give Pictures a Sense of Place”, TechPP, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://techpp.com/2013/02/15/instaplace-app-review>, (2013), 13 pgs. |
| “Instant Comics Starring You & Your Friends”, Bitstrips Inc, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20150206000940/http://company.bitstrips.com/bitstrips-app.html>, (captured Feb. 6, 2015), 3 pgs. |
| “InstaPlace Photo App Tell the Whole Story”, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: youtu.be/uF_gFkg1hBM>, (Nov. 8, 2013), 113 pgs., 1:02 min. |
| “International Application Serial No. PCT/US2015/037251, International Search Report dated Sep. 29, 2015”, 2 pgs. |
| “Introducing Snapchat Stories”, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20131026084921/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88Cu3yN-LIM>, (Oct. 3, 2013), 92 pgs.; 00:47 min. |
| “Macy's Believe-o-Magic”, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20190422101854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvzRXy3J0Z0&feature=youtu.be>, (Nov. 7, 2011), 102 pgs., 00:51 min. |
| “Macy's Introduces Augmented Reality Experience in Stores across Country as Part of Its 2011 Believe Campaign”, Business Wire, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20111102006759/en/Macys-Introduces-Augmented-Reality-Experience-Stores-Country>, (Nov. 2, 2011), 6 pgs. |
| “Manage Your Bitmoji”, Snapchat Support, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20190503063620/https://support.snapchat.com/en-US/a/manage-bitmoji>, (captured May 3, 2019), 3 pgs. |
| “Starbucks Cup Magic”, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWwQXi9RGOw>, (Nov. 8, 2011), 87 pgs.; 00:47 min. |
| “Starbucks Cup Magic for Valentine's Day”, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8nvqOzjq10w>, (Feb. 6, 2012), 88 pgs.; 00:45 min. |
| “Starbucks Holiday Red Cups Come to Life, Signaling the Return of the Merriest Season”, Business Wire, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20111115005744/en/2479513/Starbucks-Holiday-Red-Cups-Life-Signaling-Return>, (Nov. 15, 2011), 5 pgs. |
| “Your Own Personal Emoji”, Bitstrips Inc, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://web.archive.org/web/20150205232004/http://bitmoji.com/>, (captured Feb. 5, 2015), 3 pgs. |
| Carnahan, Daniel, “Snap is Offering Personalized Video Content Through Bitmoji TV”, Business Insider, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://www.businessinsider.com/snap-offers-personalized-video-content-through-bitmoji-tv-2019-12>, (2019), 10 pgs. |
| Carthy, Roi, “Dear All Photo Apps: Mobli Just Won Filters”, TechCrunch, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://techcrunch.com/2011/09/08/mobli-filters>, (Sep. 8, 2011), 10 pgs. |
| Constine, Josh, “Snapchat launches Bitmoji merch and comic strips starring your avatar”, TechCrunch, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/13/bitmoji-store/>, (Nov. 13, 2018), 16 pgs. |
| Constine, Josh, “Snapchat Launches Bitmoji TV: Zany 4-min Cartoons of Your Avatar”, TechCrunch, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/30/bitmoji-tv/>, (Jan. 30, 2020), 13 pgs. |
| Janthong, Isaranu, “Instaplace ready on Android Google Play store”, Android App Review Thalland, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://www.android-free-app-review.com/2013/01/instaplace-android-google-play-store.html>, (Jan. 23, 2013), 9 pgs. |
| MacLeod, Duncan, “Macys Believe-o-Magic App”, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://theinspirationroom.com/daily/2011/macys-believe-o-magic-app>, (Nov. 14, 2011), 10 pgs. |
| MacLeod, Duncan, “Starbucks Cup Magic Lets Merry”, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://theinspirationroom.com/daily/2011/starbucks-cup-magic>, (Nov. 12, 2011), 8 pgs. |
| MacMillan, Douglas, “Snapchat Buys Bitmoji App for More Than $100 Million”, The Wallstreet Journal, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://www.wsj.com/articles/snapchat-buys-bitmoji-app-for-more-than-100-million-1458876017>, (Mar. 25, 2016), 5 pgs. |
| Newton, Casey, “Your Snapchat friendships now have their own profiles—and merchandise”, The Verge, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://www.theverge.com/2018/11/13/18088772/snapchat-friendship-profiles-bitmoji-merchandise-comics>, (Nov. 13, 2018), 5 pgs. |
| Notopoulos, Katie, “A Guide to the New Snapchat Filters and Big Fonts”, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://www.buzzfeed.com/katienotopoulos/a-guide-to-the-new-snapchat-filters-and-big-fonts?utm_term =.bkQ9qVZWe#.nv58YXpkV>, (Dec. 22, 2013), 13 pgs. |
| Ong, Thuy, “Snapchat takes Bitmoji deluxe with hundreds of new customization options”, The Verge, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet on Nov. 2, 2018: <URL: https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/30/16949402/bitmoji-deluxe-snapchat-customization>, (Jan. 30, 2018), 2 pgs. |
| Panzarino, Matthew, “Snapchat Adds Filters, a Replay Function and for Whatever Reason, Time, Temperature and Speed Overlays”, TechCrunch, [Online] Retrieved form the Internet: <URL: https://techcrunch.com/2013/12/20/snapchat-adds-filters-new-font-and-for-some-reason-time-temperature-and-speed-overlays/>, (Dec. 20, 2013), 12 pgs. |
| Reign, Ashley, “How to Add My Friend's Bitmoji to My Snapchat”, Women.com, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://www.women.com/ashleyreign/lists/how-to-add-my-friends-bitmoji-to-my-snapchat>, (Jun. 30, 2017), 7 pgs. |
| Tripathi, Rohit, “Watermark Images in PHP and Save File on Server”, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: http://code.rohitink.com/2012/12/28/watermark-images-in-php-and-save-file-on-server>, (Dec. 28, 2012), 4 pgs. |
| Tumbokon, Karen, “Snapchat Update: How to Add Bitmoji to Customizable Geofilters”, International Business Times, [Online] Retrieved from the Internet: <URL: https://www.ibtimes.com/snapchat-update-how-add-bitmojicustomizable-geofilters-2448152>, (Nov. 18, 2016), 6 pgs. |
| “International Application Serial No. PCT/US2023/025818, International Search Report dated Sep. 28, 2023”, 4 pgs. |
| “International Application Serial No. PCT/US2023/025818, Written Opinion dated Sep. 28, 2023”, 4 pgs. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20230410440 A1 | Dec 2023 | US |
