Patent Grant
11357005
The subject matter of this disclosure relates in general to the field of radio access networking, and more particularly to Wi-Fi, Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and 5G New Radio (NR) interworking with respect to radio access networking.
For the radio access network (RAN), part of the mobile telecommunication system implementing a radio access technology, which has evolved through the generations of mobile communications (1G through 5G), a base station is used to provide connectivity to a region or cell. Examples of types of RANs include cellular networks such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE)/4G and 5G New Radio (NR). For Wi-Fi, Access Points (hereafter abbreviated as APs) serve as connection points between wireless and wired networks or as the center point of a stand-alone wireless network. In large installations, wireless users within the radio range of an access point can roam throughout a facility while maintaining seamless, uninterrupted access to the network.
With an ever increasing usage of wireless data networks, there has been a movement towards using Wi-Fi/LTE heterogeneous networks for spectrum multiplexing as a way to alleviate the problem of spectrum scarcity.
In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and features of the disclosure can be obtained, a more particular description of the principles briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the principles herein are described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
Various embodiments of the disclosure are discussed in detail below. While specific implementations are discussed, it should be understood that this is done for illustration purposes only. A person skilled in the relevant art will recognize that other components and configurations may be used without parting from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or can be learned by practice of the herein disclosed principles. The features and advantages of the disclosure can be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features of the disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or can be learned by the practice of the principles set forth herein.
Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and computer-readable media for an integrated Wi-Fi Access Point and cellular network Radio Unit (RU). A communication system can interface with a wired network such as Ethernet for communicating Wi-Fi traffic and cellular network traffic, the communication system integrating a Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) with a cellular network Radio Unit (RU). The Wi-Fi traffic and cellular network traffic can be processed in the communication system. The communication system can interface with at least one programmable Radio Frequency (RF) front end configured for wireless communication over one or more frequency bands for Wi-Fi traffic and one or more frequency bands for cellular network traffic (e.g., 5G, LTE, Wi-Fi).
In some examples, a method is provided. The method includes interfacing a communication system with a wired network for communicating Wi-Fi traffic and cellular network traffic, the communication system integrating a Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) with a cellular network Radio Unit (RU); processing Wi-Fi traffic and cellular network traffic in the communication system; and interfacing the communication system with at least one programmable Radio Frequency (RF) front end configured for wireless communication over one or more frequency bands for Wi-Fi traffic and one or more frequency bands for cellular network traffic.
In some examples, a system is provided. The system, comprises one or more processors; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium containing instructions which, when executed on the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations including: interfacing a communication system with a wired network for communicating Wi-Fi traffic and cellular network traffic, the communication system integrating a Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) with a cellular network Radio Unit (RU); processing Wi-Fi traffic and cellular network traffic in the communication system; and interfacing the communication system with at least one programmable Radio Frequency (RF) front end configured for wireless communication over one or more frequency bands for Wi-Fi traffic and one or more frequency bands for cellular network traffic.
In some examples, a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium is provided, including instructions configured to cause a data processing apparatus to perform operations including: interfacing a communication system with a wired network for communicating Wi-Fi traffic and cellular network traffic, the communication system integrating a Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) with a cellular network Radio Unit (RU); processing Wi-Fi traffic and cellular network traffic in the communication system; and interfacing the communication system with at least one programmable Radio Frequency (RF) front end configured for wireless communication over one or more frequency bands for Wi-Fi traffic and one or more frequency bands for cellular network traffic.
In some examples, the communication system integrating the Wi-Fi AP with the cellular network RU comprises a system on a chip (SoC), the SoC comprising: a Wi-Fi Media Access Controller (MAC) for processing the Wi-Fi traffic; a cellular RU block for processing the cellular network traffic; and a traffic multiplexer in communication with the wired network, the traffic multiplexer for routing Wi-Fi traffic to the Wi-Fi MAC and cellular network traffic to the cellular RU block.
In some examples, the at least one programmable RF front end comprises a common programmable RF front end module for routing Wi-Fi traffic for wireless communication from the Wi-Fi MAC and cellular traffic for wireless communication from the cellular RU block.
In some examples, the communication system integrating the Wi-Fi AP with the cellular network RU comprises a cellular RU module for processing the cellular network traffic, the cellular RU module configured to be connected to the Wi-Fi AP through a module interface.
In some examples, the Wi-Fi AP further comprises: a Wi-Fi Media Access Controller (MAC) for processing the Wi-Fi traffic; and a traffic multiplexer for routing Wi-Fi traffic to the Wi-Fi MAC and cellular network traffic to the cellular RU module over the module interface.
In some examples, the Wi-Fi AP further comprises the at least one programmable RF front end, the at least one programmable RF front end being configured for routing Wi-Fi traffic for wireless communication from the Wi-Fi MAC and cellular traffic for wireless communication from the cellular RU module, and wherein the cellular RU module further comprises a cellular RF front end for routing cellular traffic for wireless communication from the cellular RU module.
In some examples, the Wi-Fi AP further comprises one or more registers for storing timestamps associated with an IEEE 1588 Precision Timing Protocol (PTP), the cellular RU module comprises a precision oscillator, synchronizing the precision oscillator to the IEEE 1588 PTP is based on one or more trigger or synchronization signals provided across the module interface for accessing the one or more registers.
In some examples, the communication system integrating the Wi-Fi AP with the cellular network RU comprises a system on a chip (SoC), the SoC integrating a Wi-Fi Media Access Controller (MAC) for processing the Wi-Fi traffic with a cellular RU Media Access Controller (MAC) for processing the cellular network traffic.
In some examples, the cellular network traffic comprises one or more of 4G, Long Term Evolution (LTE), or 5G New Radio (NR) traffic.
This overview is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this patent, any or all drawings, and each claim. The foregoing, together with other features and embodiments, will become more apparent upon referring to the following specification, claims, and accompanying drawings.
The primary interface between the CU 110 and the DU 112 is an F1 interface which may be interoperable across vendors. The CU 110 can be further disaggregated into a CU user plane (CU-UP) and a CU control plane (CU-CP), both of which connect to the DU 112 over F1-U and F1-C interfaces respectively. The RAN architecture 100 is a logical architecture that can be implemented and deployed in different ways, according to an operator's requirements and preferences. For example, the base stations eNB 106 and/or gNB 108 can be deployed as monolithic units at the cell site, as in classic cellular networks, or split between the CU 110, DU 112, and the RU 114.
The CU-DU interface is a higher-layer split (HLS), which is more tolerant to delay. The DU-RU is a lower-layer split (LLS), which is more latency-sensitive and demanding on bandwidth, but may offer improved radio performance across a coverage area due to coordination gain. For example, the LTE/5G supports a 7.2 split, which refers to splits between the DUs 112 and the RUs 114. The CUs 110, DUs 112, and RUs 114 can be deployed at locations such as cell sites (including towers, rooftops and associated cabinets and shelters), transport aggregation sites and edge sites (e.g., central offices or local exchange sites).
With improvements in speed, latency, and higher density of connected devices, Wi-Fi continues to offer desirable wireless connectivity in various indoor environments, enterprise networks, etc. For example, Wi-Fi access points can serve users in offices, stadiums, concert halls, convention centers, etc. In modern implementations, RAN deployments for cellular networks (e.g., 5G, LTE) and Wi-Fi (e.g., Wi-Fi 6) can share common infrastructure and co-exist to support different use cases. Since they are complementary technologies, they can provide higher data rates to support new applications and increases in network capacity with the ability to connect more devices wirelessly. Wi-Fi and 5G/LTE integration can offer enhanced mobile broadband for mission-critical IoT devices being used in manufacturing automation, healthcare, energy, and many other industries, provide immersive experience via augmented and virtual reality, benefit industries such as hospitality, retail, education, among others.
Both centralized and distributed implementation of RAN functions can be support various RAN deployments, including integration of cellular (e.g., LTE/5G NR) capabilities with Wi-Fi. For example, the CU and DU functionalities of a Wi-Fi AP can be integrated with a 5G capable RU. Such integration can use software-designed radio-based baseband to support Wi-Fi, LTE, and 5G-NR simultaneously.
It is recognized that there are opportunities for sharing hardware and functional blocks between the Wi-Fi AP and the 5G RU to improve resource utilization. For example, in the case of integration with a Wi-Fi AP, a 5G/LTE RU may be configured as edge device, where the RU may connect to the network through a DU. In some implementations, the Wi-Fi AP can include a network device which can receive Ethernet packets and transmit them over-the-air using Wi-Fi, for example. While the RU may include antennas, over-the-air transponders, and other hardware for wireless communication, the signals from the RU are transmitted through the DU, where the signals from the RU may not include Ethernet packets but include bit streams/high volume RF samples. The Wi-Fi AP can be designed as a customized System on a Chip (SoC) which can include functional blocks that can be utilized for functionality of the RU, as well as being able to rely on functional blocks of the RU and eliminate redundancy in the SoC. The various examples below describe integration of a 5G RU and a Wi-Fi AP.
For example, the Wi-Fi AP 200, can be connected to a wired router, switch, or hub via an Ethernet cable 202, and communicate with devices within a service area wirelessly using Wi-Fi technology. The Wi-Fi MAC 206 can include a Wi-Fi host processor, as will be explained with reference to
The SoC 322 can include various other components such as a host central processing unit (CPU) 328 which can be shared between the Wi-Fi MAC 206 and the LTE/5G RU 208. A timing synchronization module such as an IEEE 1588 Precision Timing Protocol (PTP) 330 can be used for synchronizing the clock for the SoC 322. A network processing unit 332 and a Radio over Ethernet Framer (RoE)/Ethernet Common Public Radio Interface (eCPRI) Framer 334 can be used for the processing of Ethernet packets. The integrated design allows improved hardware resource utilization as seen in the example implementation of the SoC 322.
The SoC 322 can also include various other components such as a digital to analog converter (DAC) 324 connected to an crystal oscillator XO such as a hi stab XO 320, general-purpose input/output (GPIO) 326 ports or pins, analog to digital converter (ADC)/DACs 350a-c to connect to the programmable RF 210 (shown in
Referring to
In the system 400, the Wi-Fi AP 404 can receive Ethernet traffic from the Ethernet 402 and include the traffic mux 410 for directing front haul LTE/NR to the RU module 420 and Wi-Fi traffic to the Wi-Fi MAC 412 implemented in the Wi-Fi AP 404. Latency and bandwidth requirements for the RU traffic and the Wi-Fi traffic can be handled using synchronization protocols such as the 1588 PTP, where
The RU module 420 is shown to include an RU block 406 connected to the programmable RF 408 through the RF MAC/PHY 558. The RU block 406 includes a usgxmii 556 interface, a host processor 550 and a network processor 552. The RU module 420 includes a precision oscillator such as VTCXO 512.
The 1588/PTP module 570 in the Wi-Fi AP 404 can implement IEEE 1588 PTP using a state machine approach to time extraction, which can include hardware such as a time-stamper and a software protocol stack (PS). The time-stamper hardware can be implemented in real time, to be synchronized with a local clocking mechanism. The time stamper may be located inside or in close proximity to the Ethernet PHY such as the Ethernet PHY 502. The time-stamper can store specific timestamps in the registers 580a-d or other storage.
The 1588 PS can mathematically determine absolute time of day (ToD) from the payloads of time stamp packets exchanged to and from a master such as a PTP master (e.g., a satellite clock). These payloads (e.g., timestamps located in the registers 580a-d) can be read and written by the PS as required, with the PS processes such as the reads, writes, and PS calculations being performed according to resource availability (e.g., a general purpose processor (GPU) or CPU) on a host. For example, the PS processes may not be time-critical, and may be performed as needed.
However, even though the software PS processes are not time-critical, the hardware trigger/synchronization I/O signals are time critical and required to be presented to the GPU running the PS algorithms for use by SW based counters. Propagation delays on these signals can lead to inaccuracies and incorrect synchronization.
In traditional implementations (such as 4G/5G small cells needing precise oscillator disciplining), these real-time trigger/synchronization signals are connected only to a local GPU which also implement servo loops to discipline the precision oscillator. For example, the hardware and software elements are implemented in the same processor system located in close proximity to the Ethernet PHY minimize or eliminate propagation errors which can be caused by the signaling.
As can be appreciated, the expansion modules to APs, such as the RU module 420 connectable to the Wi-Fi AP 404, can face synchronization challenges when the precision oscillator and the hardware/software elements for 1588 PS may be implemented on separate modules/processing systems separated by the module interface 508, for example. A similar consideration is also applicable in cases where an AP (not necessarily a Wi-Fi AP) supports an expansion module such as 4G/5G small cells or Remote Radio Heads (RRHs)/RUs. The 3GPP requires a precision oscillator which must be disciplined within 1.5 microsecond phase synchronization and 100 ppb absolute frequency accuracy, which can be expensive. For example, the expansion modules are required to synchronize their oscillators and Time of Day via the 1588 interface, but the 1588 time stamping is implemented on the AP platform such as in the Wi-Fi AP 404 as shown.
It is desirable to implement the expensive oscillators in the RU/expansion modules but not add a redundant oscillator in the base AP platform to conserve resources and costs. Accordingly, example aspects include techniques for remotely utilizing and controlling the Ethernet PHY through a host forwarding path which includes the signals 532, 534, and the module interface 508.
In the split architecture of
In system 600, the CU, DU, and RU functionality can be integrated into a small cell, which is then integrated into a Wi-Fi AP. In some examples, the RU and DU functionalities can be integrated with CU functionalities. The system 600 can provide a single platform to support multiple protocols (including Wi-Fi and LTE/5G). In the example implementations, system 600 can conserve power, bandwidth, resources (e.g., number of antennas) based on resource sharing.
Having described example systems and concepts, the disclosure now turns to the process 800 illustrated in
At the block 802, the process 800 includes interfacing a communication system with a wired network for communicating Wi-Fi traffic and cellular network traffic, the communication system integrating a Wi-Fi Access Point (AP) with a cellular network Radio Unit (RU). For example, the communication system can include Wi-Fi AP 200, the system 400, or the system 600 as described above can integrate respective Wi-Fi APs with a 5G/LTE RU and communicate over a wired network such as the Ethernet 202, 402, or 602.
At the block 804, the process 800 includes processing Wi-Fi traffic and cellular network traffic in the communication system. For example, the Wi-Fi AP can process the Wi-Fi traffic and the cellular network RU can process the cellular network traffic.
At the block 806, the process 800 includes interfacing the communication system with at least one programmable Radio Frequency (RF) front end configured for wireless communication over one or more frequency bands for Wi-Fi traffic and one or more frequency bands for cellular network traffic. For example, the programmable RF 210 of
For example, as discussed with reference to
In the examples discussed with reference to
In the system 400, Wi-Fi AP further comprises one or more registers 580a-d for storing timestamps associated with an IEEE 1588 Precision Timing Protocol (PTP) 570, the cellular RU module 420 comprises a precision oscillator 512, synchronizing the precision oscillator 512 to the IEEE 1588 PTP is based on one or more trigger or synchronization signals 532-534 provided across the module interface 508 for accessing the one or more registers 580a-d.
In some examples, discussed with reference to
To enable user interaction with the computing system 900, an input device 945 can represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for speech, a touch-protected screen for gesture or graphical input, keyboard, mouse, motion input, speech and so forth. An output device 935 can also be one or more of a number of output mechanisms known to those of skill in the art. In some instances, multimodal systems can enable a user to provide multiple types of input to communicate with the computing system 900. The communications interface 940 can govern and manage the user input and system output. There may be no restriction on operating on any particular hardware arrangement and therefore the basic features here may easily be substituted for improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed.
Storage device 930 can be a non-volatile memory and can be a hard disk or other types of computer readable media which can store data that are accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, solid state memory devices, digital versatile disks, cartridges, random access memories (RAMs) 925, read only memory (ROM) 920, and hybrids thereof.
The storage device 930 can include software modules 932, 934, 936 for controlling the processor 910. Other hardware or software modules are contemplated. The storage device 930 can be connected to the system bus 905. In one aspect, a hardware module that performs a particular function can include the software component stored in a computer-readable medium in connection with the necessary hardware components, such as the processor 910, the system bus 905, output device 935, and so forth, to carry out the function.
The chipset 960 can also interface with one or more communication interfaces 990 that can have different physical interfaces. The communication interfaces 990 can include interfaces for wired and wireless LANs, for broadband wireless networks, as well as personal area networks. Some applications of the methods for generating, displaying, and using the GUI disclosed herein can include receiving ordered datasets over the physical interface or be generated by the machine itself by processor 955 analyzing data stored in the storage device 970 or the RAM 975. Further, the computing system 900 can receive inputs from a user via the user interface components 985 and execute appropriate functions, such as browsing functions by interpreting these inputs using the processor 955.
It will be appreciated that computing systems 900 and the conventional chipset computing system 950 can have more than one processor 910 and 955, respectively, or be part of a group or cluster of computing devices networked together to provide greater processing capability.
For clarity of explanation, in some instances the present technology may be presented as including individual functional blocks including functional blocks comprising devices, device components, steps or routines in a method embodied in software, or combinations of hardware and software.
In some embodiments the computer-readable storage devices, mediums, and memories can include a cable or wireless signal containing a bit stream and the like. However, when mentioned, non-transitory computer-readable storage media expressly exclude media such as energy, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and signals per se.
Methods according to the above-described examples can be implemented using computer-executable instructions that are stored or otherwise available from computer readable media. Such instructions can comprise, for example, instructions and data which cause or otherwise configure a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Portions of computer resources used can be accessible over a network. The computer executable instructions may be, for example, binaries, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, or source code. Examples of computer-readable media that may be used to store instructions, information used, and/or information created during methods according to described examples include magnetic or optical disks, flash memory, USB devices provided with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, and so on.
Devices implementing methods according to these disclosures can comprise hardware, firmware and/or software, and can take any of a variety of form factors. Some examples of such form factors include general purpose computing devices such as servers, rack mount devices, desktop computers, laptop computers, and so on, or general purpose mobile computing devices, such as tablet computers, smart phones, personal digital assistants, wearable devices, and so on. Functionality described herein also can be embodied in peripherals or add-in cards. Such functionality can also be implemented on a circuit board among different chips or different processes executing in a single device, by way of further example.
The instructions, media for conveying such instructions, computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are means for providing the functions described in these disclosures.
Although a variety of examples and other information was used to explain aspects within the scope of the appended claims, no limitation of the claims should be implied based on particular features or arrangements in such examples, as one of ordinary skill would be able to use these examples to derive a wide variety of implementations. Further and although some subject matter may have been described in language specific to examples of structural features and/or method steps, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to these described features or acts. For example, such functionality can be distributed differently or performed in components other than those identified herein. Rather, the described features and steps are disclosed as examples of components of systems and methods within the scope of the appended claims.
Claim language reciting “at least one of” a set indicates that one member of the set or multiple members of the set satisfy the claim. For example, claim language reciting “at least one of A and B” means A, B, or A and B.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/912,818, filed on Oct. 9, 2019, which is hereby incorporated by reference, in its entirety and for all purposes.
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