Intelligent assistant for home automation

Abstract

This relates to systems and processes for using a virtual assistant to control electronic devices. In one example process, a user can speak an input in natural language form to a user device to control one or more electronic devices. The user device can transmit the user speech to a server to be converted into a textual representation. The server can identify the one or more electronic devices and appropriate commands to be performed by the one or more electronic devices based on the textual representation. The identified one or more devices and commands to be performed can be transmitted back to the user device, which can forward the commands to the appropriate one or more electronic devices for execution. In response to receiving the commands, the one or more electronic devices can perform the commands and transmit their current states to the user device.

Description

FIELD

This relates generally to natural language processing and, more specifically, to the use of a virtual assistant with natural language processing to control electronic devices.

BACKGROUND

Home electronic devices that can be controlled remotely using software applications running on a computing device, such as a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, desktop computer, or the like, have become increasingly popular. For example, numerous manufacturers create light bulbs that can be controlled by a software application running on a mobile phone to adjust the brightness and/or color of the bulb. Other devices, such as door locks, thermostats, and the like, having similar controls are also available.

While these devices can provide users with a greater level of control and convenience, it can become exceedingly difficult to manage these devices as the number of remotely controlled devices and the number of types of remotely controlled devices in the home increase. For example, a typical home can include 40-50 light bulbs placed throughout the various rooms of the home. Using conventional software applications, each light bulb is given a unique identifier, and a user attempting to control one of these devices must select the appropriate identifier from a list of available devices within a graphical user interface. Remembering the correct identifier for a particular light bulb and finding that identifier from a list of 40-50 identifiers can be a difficult and time-consuming process. To add to the difficulty of managing and controlling a large number of remotely controlled devices, different manufactures typically provide different software applications that must be used to control their respective devices. As a result, a user must locate and open one software application to turn on/off their light bulbs, and must then locate and open another software application to set the temperature of their thermostat.

SUMMARY

Systems and processes for using a virtual assistant to control electronic devices are provided. In one example process, a user can speak an input in natural language form to a user device to control one or more electronic devices. The user device can transmit the user speech to a server to be converted into a textual representation. The server can identify the one or more electronic devices and appropriate commands to be performed by the one or more electronic devices based on the textual representation. The identified one or more devices and commands to be performed can be transmitted back to the user device, which can forward the commands to the appropriate one or more electronic devices for execution. In response to receiving the commands, the one or more electronic devices can perform the commands and transmit their current states to the user device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary environment in which a virtual assistant can be used to control electronic devices according to various examples.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary environment in which a virtual assistant can be used to remotely control electronic devices according to various examples.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary user device according to various examples.

FIG. 4 shows a visual representation of multiple entries used to store information associated with electronic devices according to various examples.

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary process for controlling electronic devices using a virtual assistant implemented using a client-server model according to various examples.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary process for remotely controlling electronic devices using a virtual assistant implemented using a client-server model according to various examples.

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary process for controlling electronic devices using a virtual assistant on a standalone user device according to various examples.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary process for storing the states of electronic devices as a configuration according to various examples.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary process for setting the states of electronic devices using a previously stored configuration according to various examples.

FIG. 10 illustrates a functional block diagram of an electronic device configured to control electronic devices according to various examples.

FIG. 11 illustrates a functional block diagram of an electronic device configured to store the states of electronic devices as a configuration according to various examples.

FIG. 12 illustrates a functional block diagram of an electronic device configured to set the states of electronic devices based on a stored configuration according to various examples.

FIG. 13 illustrates a functional block diagram of an electronic device configured to control electronic devices according to various examples.

FIG. 14 illustrates a functional block diagram of an electronic device configured to store the states of electronic devices as a configuration according to various examples.

FIG. 15 illustrates a functional block diagram of an electronic device configured to set the states of electronic devices based on a stored configuration according to various examples.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description of examples, reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which it is shown by way of illustration specific examples that can be practiced. It is to be understood that other examples can be used and structural changes can be made without departing from the scope of the various examples.

Intelligent automated assistants (or virtual assistants) provide an intuitive interface between users and electronic devices. These assistants can allow users to interact with devices or systems using natural language in spoken and/or text forms. For example, a user can access the services of an electronic device by providing a spoken user input in natural language form to a virtual assistant associated with the electronic device. The virtual assistant can perform natural language processing on the spoken user input to infer the user's intent and operationalize the user's intent into tasks. The tasks can then be performed by executing one or more functions of the electronic device and a relevant output can be returned to the user in natural language form.

This relates to systems and processes for using a virtual assistant to control electronic devices. In one example process, a user can speak an input in natural language form to a user device to control one or more electronic devices. The user device can transmit the user speech to a server to be converted into a textual representation. The server can identify the one or more electronic devices and appropriate commands to be performed by the one or more electronic devices based on the textual representation. The identified one or more devices and commands to be performed can be transmitted back to the user device, which can forward the commands to the appropriate one or more electronic devices for execution. In response to receiving the commands, the one or more electronic devices can perform the commands and transmit their current states to the user device.

System Overview

FIG. 1 illustrates exemplary system 100 for implementing a virtual assistant to control electronic devices according to various examples. The terms “virtual assistant,” “digital assistant,” “intelligent automated assistant,” or “automatic digital assistant” can refer to any information processing system that interprets natural language input in spoken and/or textual form to infer user intent, and performs actions based on the inferred user intent. For example, to act on an inferred user intent, the system can perform one or more of the following: identifying a task flow with steps and parameters designed to accomplish the inferred user intent; inputting specific requirements from the inferred user intent into the task flow; executing the task flow by invoking programs, methods, services, APIs, or the like; and generating output responses to the user in an audible (e.g., speech) and/or visual form.

A virtual assistant can be capable of accepting a user request at least partially in the form of a natural language command, request, statement, narrative, and/or inquiry. Typically, the user request seeks either an informational answer or performance of a task by the virtual assistant. A satisfactory response to the user request can include provision of the requested informational answer, performance of the requested task, or a combination of the two. For example, a user can ask the virtual assistant a question, such as “Where am I right now?” Based on the user's current location, the virtual assistant can answer, “You are in Central Park.” The user can also request the performance of a task, for example, “Please remind me to call Mom at 4 p.m. today.” In response, the virtual assistant can acknowledge the request and then create an appropriate reminder item in the user's electronic schedule. During the performance of a requested task, the virtual assistant can sometimes interact with the user in a continuous dialogue involving multiple exchanges of information over an extended period of time. There are numerous other ways of interacting with a virtual assistant to request information or performance of various tasks. In addition to providing verbal responses and taking programmed actions, the virtual assistant can also provide responses in other visual or audio forms (e.g., as text, alerts, music, videos, animations, etc.).

An example of a virtual assistant is described in Applicants' U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 12/987,982 for “Intelligent Automated Assistant,” filed Jan. 10, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

As shown in FIG. 1, in some examples, a virtual assistant can be implemented according to a client-server model. The virtual assistant can include a client-side portion executed on a user device 102, and a server-side portion executed on a server system 110. User device 102 can include any electronic device, such as a mobile phone, tablet computer, portable media player, desktop computer, laptop computer, PDA, television, television set-top box, wearable electronic device, or the like, and can communicate with server system 110 through one or more networks 108, which can include the Internet, an intranet, or any other wired or wireless public or private network. The client-side portion executed on user device 102 can provide client-side functionalities, such as user-facing input and output processing and communications with server system 110. Server system 110 can provide server-side functionalities for any number of clients residing on a respective user device 102.

Server system 110 can include one or more virtual assistant servers 114 that can include a client-facing I/O interface 122, one or more processing modules 118, data and model storage 120, and an I/O interface to external services 116. The client-facing I/O interface 122 can facilitate the client-facing input and output processing for virtual assistant server 114. The one or more processing modules 118 can utilize data and model storage 120 to determine the user's intent based on natural language input, and perform task execution based on inferred user intent. Additionally, data and model storage 120 can store a unique identifier, a state, a type, a location, and any other relevant information associated with one or more of electronic devices (e.g., electronic devices 128, 130, and 132) capable of being controlled by user device 102 and/or server system 110. In some examples, virtual assistant server 114 can communicate with external services 124, such as telephony services, calendar services, information services, messaging services, navigation services, and the like, through network(s) 108 for task completion or information acquisition. The I/O interface to external services 116 can facilitate such communications.

Server system 110 can be implemented on one or more standalone data processing devices or a distributed network of computers. In some examples, server system 110 can employ various virtual devices and/or services of third party service providers (e.g., third-party cloud service providers) to provide the underlying computing resources and/or infrastructure resources of server system 110.

User device 102 can be further coupled to electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 via one or more networks 126. Electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 can include any type of remotely controlled electronic device, such as a light bulb (e.g., having a binary ON/OFF state, numerical dimmable state, color state, etc.), garage door (e.g., having a binary OPEN/CLOSED state), door lock (e.g., having binary LOCKED/UNLOCKED state), thermostat (e.g., having one or more numerical temperature states, such as a high temperature, low temperature, time-based temperatures, etc.), electrical outlet (e.g., having a binary ON/OFF state), switch (e.g., having a binary ON/OFF state), or the like. Network(s) 126 can include a WiFi network or any other wired or wireless public or private local network. Additionally or alternatively, user device 102 can be coupled to communicate directly with electronic devices 128, 130, or 132 using, for example, Bluetooth, BTLE, line of sight, peer-to-peer, or another radio-based or other wireless communication. Thus, in the illustrated example, user device 102 can be located near electronic devices 128, 130, and 132, such that it can communicate with them directly or over the same local network. For example, user device 102 and electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 can be located within the same home or building, and network(s) 126 can include the home or building's WiFi network. As discussed in greater detail below with respect to FIGS. 5, 8, and 9, user device 102 can issue commands to control any of electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 in response to a natural language spoken input provided by a user to user device 102.

While only three electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 are shown, it should be appreciated that system 100 can include any number of electronic devices. Additionally, although the functionality of the virtual assistant is shown in FIG. 1 as including both a client-side portion and a server-side portion, in some examples, the functions of the assistant can be implemented as a standalone application installed on a user device. Moreover, the division of functionalities between the client and server portions of the virtual assistant can vary in different examples. For instance, in some examples, the client executed on user device 102 can be a thin-client that provides only user-facing input and output processing functions, and delegates all other functionalities of the virtual assistant to a backend server.

FIG. 2 illustrates another exemplary system 200 for implementing a virtual assistant to remotely control electronic devices according to various examples. Similar to system 100, system 200 can include user device 102, server system 110, and external services 124 communicatively coupled together by network(s) 108. However, in contrast to system 100, user device 102 may not be coupled to electronic devices 128, 130, and 132. Instead, system 200 can include a second user device 134 coupled to communicate with user device 102 and/or server system 110 via network(s) 108 and coupled to communicate with electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 via network(s) 126. This configuration can represent a situation in which the user and user device 102 are located remotely from electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 (e.g., the user and user device 102 are at the user's office, while electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 are at the user's home).

Second user device 134 can include any type of electronic device, such as a mobile phone, tablet computer, portable media player, desktop computer, laptop computer, PDA, television, television set-top box, wearable electronic device, or the like, and can be configured to receive commands from user device 102 and/or server system 110 and to issue commands to electronic devices 128, 130, and 132. As discussed in greater detail below with respect to FIG. 6, second user device 134 can issue commands to control any of electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 in response to a natural language spoken input provided by a user to user device 102.

User Device

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a user-device 102 (or second user device 134) according to various examples. As shown, user device 102 can include a memory interface 302, one or more processors 304, and a peripherals interface 306. The various components in user device 102 can be coupled together by one or more communication buses or signal lines. User device 102 can further include various sensors, subsystems, and peripheral devices that are coupled to the peripherals interface 306. The sensors, subsystems, and peripheral devices gather information and/or facilitate various functionalities of user device 102.

For example, user device 102 can include a motion sensor 310, a light sensor 312, and a proximity sensor 314 coupled to peripherals interface 306 to facilitate orientation, light, and proximity sensing functions. One or more other sensors 316, such as a positioning system (e.g., a GPS receiver), a temperature sensor, a biometric sensor, a gyroscope, a compass, an accelerometer, and the like, are also connected to peripherals interface 306, to facilitate related functionalities.

In some examples, a camera subsystem 320 and an optical sensor 322 can be utilized to facilitate camera functions, such as taking photographs and recording video clips. Communication functions can be facilitated through one or more wired and/or wireless communication subsystems 324, which can include various communication ports, radio frequency receivers and transmitters, and/or optical (e.g., infrared) receivers and transmitters. An audio subsystem 326 can be coupled to speakers 328 and a microphone 330 to facilitate voice-enabled functions, such as voice recognition, voice replication, digital recording, and telephony functions.

In some examples, user device 102 can further include an I/O subsystem 340 coupled to peripherals interface 306. I/O subsystem 340 can include a touch screen controller 342 and/or other input controller(s) 344. Touch-screen controller 342 can be coupled to a touch screen 346. Touch screen 346 and the touch screen controller 342 can, for example, detect contact and movement or break thereof using any of a plurality of touch sensitivity technologies, such as capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, proximity sensor arrays, and the like. Other input controller(s) 344 can be coupled to other input/control devices 348, such as one or more buttons, rocker switches, a thumb-wheel, an infrared port, a USB port, and/or a pointer device such as a stylus.

In some examples, user device 102 can further include a memory interface 302 coupled to memory 350. Memory 350 can include any electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, a portable computer diskette (magnetic), a random access memory (RAM) (magnetic), a read-only memory (ROM) (magnetic), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) (magnetic), a portable optical disc such as CD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-R, or DVD-RW, or flash memory such as compact flash cards, secured digital cards, USB memory devices, memory sticks, and the like. In some examples, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of memory 350 can be used to store instructions (e.g., for performing some or all of processes 500, 600, 700, 800, or 900, described below) for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, and execute the instructions. In other examples, the instructions (e.g., for performing processes 500, 600, 700, 800, or 900, described below) can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of server system 110, or can be divided between the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of memory 350 and the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of server system 110. In the context of this document, a “non-transitory computer readable storage medium” can be any medium that can contain or store the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

In some examples, the memory 350 can store an operating system 352, a communication module 354, a graphical user interface module 356, a sensor processing module 358, a phone module 360, and applications 362. Operating system 352 can include instructions for handling basic system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks. Communication module 354 can facilitate communicating with one or more additional devices, one or more computers, and/or one or more servers. Graphical user interface module 356 can facilitate graphic user interface processing. Sensor processing module 358 can facilitate sensor related processing and functions. Phone module 360 can facilitate phone-related processes and functions. Application module 362 can facilitate various functionalities of user applications, such as electronic-messaging, web browsing, media processing, navigation, imaging, and/or other processes and functions.

Memory 350 can also store client-side virtual assistant instructions (e.g., in a virtual assistant client module 364) and various user data 366 (e.g., user-specific vocabulary data, preference data, and/or other data, such as the user's electronic address book, to-do lists, shopping lists, etc.) to provide the client-side functionalities of the virtual assistant.

In various examples, virtual assistant client module 364 can be capable of accepting voice input (e.g., speech input), text input, touch input, and/or gestural input through various user interfaces (e.g., I/O subsystem 340, audio subsystem 326, or the like) of user device 102. Virtual assistant client module 364 can also be capable of providing output in audio (e.g., speech output), visual, and/or tactile forms. For example, output can be provided as voice, sound, alerts, text messages, menus, graphics, videos, animations, vibrations, and/or combinations of two or more of the above. During operation, virtual assistant client module 364 can communicate with the virtual assistant server using communication subsystem 324.

In some examples, virtual assistant client module 364 can utilize the various sensors, subsystems, and peripheral devices to gather additional information from the surrounding environment of user device 102 to establish a context associated with a user, the current user interaction, and/or the current user input. In some examples, virtual assistant client module 364 can provide the contextual information or a subset thereof with the user input to the virtual assistant server to help infer the user's intent. The virtual assistant can also use the contextual information to determine how to prepare and deliver outputs to the user.

In some examples, the contextual information that accompanies the user input can include sensor information, such as lighting, ambient noise, ambient temperature, images or videos of the surrounding environment, distance to another object, and the like. The contextual information can further include information associated with the physical state of user device 102 (e.g., device orientation, device location, device temperature, power level, speed, acceleration, motion patterns, cellular signal strength, etc.) or the software state of user device 102 (e.g., running processes, installed programs, past and present network activities, background services, error logs, resources usage, etc.). Any of these types of contextual information can be provided to the virtual assistant server 114 as contextual information associated with a user input.

In some examples, virtual assistant client module 364 can selectively provide information (e.g., user data 366) stored on user device 102 in response to requests from the virtual assistant server 114. Virtual assistant client module 364 can also elicit additional input from the user via a natural language dialogue or other user interfaces upon request by virtual assistant server 114. Virtual assistant client module 364 can pass the additional input to virtual assistant server 114 to help virtual assistant server 114 in intent inference and/or fulfillment of the user's intent expressed in the user request.

Memory 350 can further store electronic device data 370 that can include a unique identifier, a state, a type, a location, and any other relevant information associated with one or more of the electronic devices capable of being controlled by user device 102 and/or server system 110 (e.g., electronic devices 128, 130, and 132). FIG. 4 shows a visual representation of entries that can be stored in electronic device data 370 for seven different electronic devices. As shown, each entry includes a unique name, type, and state of the electronic device. Data and model storage 120 of virtual assistant server 114 can include similar or identical entries for the electronic devices that can be maintained separately from that of electronic device data 370 of memory 350.

Referring back to FIG. 3, memory 350 can further include instructions (e.g., in daemon module 368) for creating and updating entries for electronic devices in electronic device data 370, communicating with the electronic devices of system 100, and for communicating with server system 110. For example, to add an electronic device to system 100, a software application associated with the electronic device can communicate with processor(s) 304 executing daemon module 368 to provide user device 102 with a unique name, type, state, location, and the like, of the electronic device. The software application can allow the user to enter the unique name in any desired manner. For example, a dropdown box with common names and/or a freeform text field can be provided in the application to allow a user to name a particular device. The type, state, and/or location of the electronic device can be predetermined or determined by the software application through communication with the electronic device. Processor(s) 304 executing daemon module 368 can store this information as an entry in electronic device data 370 and can also transmit this information to server system 110 to be stored in data and models storage 120. Additionally, when executed by processor(s) 304, daemon module 368 can receive commands that are to be provided to electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 from server system 110 via network(s), and can transmit those commands to the appropriate electronic devices. Processor(s) 304 executing daemon module 368 can further receive state updates from electronic devices 128, 130, and 132, update the corresponding entries in electronic device data 370 to reflect the updated states of the devices, and transmit the state updates to server system 110 to allow server system 110 to update the corresponding entries in data and models storage 120 to reflect the updated states of the devices.

Additionally, daemon module 368 can include instructions to manage access to electronic device data 370 by other devices and software applications. For example, when executed by processor(s) 304, daemon module 368 can grant access to all of electronic device data 370 by server system 110, but can restrict access to only a portion of electronic device data 370 by other devices or software applications. This can be useful when user device 102 is used to control electronic devices made by different manufacturers. In these situations, devices or software applications from each manufacturer can communicate with daemon module 368 using an API, and daemon module 368 can limit their access to only the portions of electronic device data 370 that correspond to their respective electronic devices. For example, company X can manufacture a light bulb capable of being controlled by user device 102, and company Y can manufacture a thermostat capable of being controlled by user device 102. Daemon module 368 can facilitate communication between user device 102 and each of the light bulb and the thermostat to allow user device 102 to issue commands to the electronic devices and to receive state information associated with the electronic devices for updating electronic device data 370. However, daemon module 368 can limit the access that the light bulb (and an associated software application running on user device 102) has to information in electronic device data 370 to only the information associated with the light bulb (and possibly any other electronic devices manufactured by company X). Similarly, daemon module 368 can limit the access that the thermostat (and an associated software application running on user device 102) has to information in electronic device data 370 to only the information associated with the thermostat (and possibly any other electronic devices manufactured by company Y). However, daemon module 368 can grant access to all of the information in electronic device data 370 to server system 110.

In various examples, memory 350 can include additional instructions or fewer instructions. Furthermore, various functions of user device 102 can be implemented in hardware and/or in firmware, including in one or more signal processing and/or application specific integrated circuits.

Local Control of Electronic Devices

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary process 500 for controlling electronic devices using a virtual assistant. In some examples, process 500 can be performed using a system similar or identical to system 100, shown in FIG. 1. In these examples, the blocks of process 500 can be performed by both user device 102 and server system 110. Specifically, the blocks on the left side of FIG. 5 can be performed by user device 102, while the blocks on the right side of FIG. 5 can be performed by server system 110.

At block 502, an audio input including user speech can be received at a user device. In some examples, a user device (e.g., user device 102) can receive audio input that includes a user's speech via a microphone (e.g., microphone 330). The microphone can convert the audio input into an analog or digital representation, and provide the audio data to one or more processors (e.g., processor(s) 304).

At block 504, data corresponding to the audio input received at block 502 can be transmitted to one or more servers for processing. For example, user device 102 can transmit data corresponding to the audio input to virtual assistant server 114 of server system 110 via network(s) 108.

At block 506, data corresponding to the audio input transmitted by the user device at block 504 can be received by one or more servers. For example, virtual assistant server 114 of server system 110 can receive the data corresponding to the audio input transmitted by user device 102 via network(s) 108.

At block 508, speech-to-text conversion can be performed on the data corresponding to the audio input to convert the user speech into a textual representation of the user speech. The user speech can be converted using any known speech-to-text conversion process.

At block 510, one or more electronic devices can be identified based at least in part on the textual representation generated at block 508. In some examples, block 510 can include processing the textual representation of the user input to determine a user intent to issue a command to one or more electronic devices. As discussed above, server system 110 can include one or more data and model storages 120 that can store a unique identifier, a state, a type, a location, and any other relevant information associated with the electronic devices that can be controlled using system 100. Thus, block 510 can include identifying one or more of the electronic devices having associated information stored in data models and storages 120.

The one or more electronic devices can be identified in any number of ways. In some examples, the one or more electronic devices can be identified by parsing the textual representation to identify any of a set of nouns that correspond to the electronic devices supported by system 100. For example, the set of nouns can include the unique names of the electronic devices stored in electronic device data 370 and data and models storage 120, the possible types of electronic devices and their synonyms (e.g., garage door, thermostat, light, dimmable light, switch, color changeable light, bulb, lamp, lock, outlet, socket, etc.), categories of possible device states (e.g., volume, temperature, brightness, color, etc.), and the like.

To illustrate, using the example electronic device entries of FIG. 4, the set of nouns can include the unique names of the seven electronic devices (e.g., “Garage Door,” “Upstairs Thermostat,” “Downstairs Thermostat,” “Living Room Lamp 1,” “Living Room Lamp 2,” “Front Door,” and “Toaster Outlet”), the possible types of electronic devices and their synonyms (e.g., “Garage Door,” “Thermostat,” “Light,” “Bulb,” “Lamp,” “Lock,” “Outlet,” “Socket,” etc.), and categories of possible device states (e.g., temperature). Thus, if the textual representation of user speech generated at block 508 includes “Lock the front door,” the textual representation can be processed using processing modules 118 and data and models storage 120 to search for any of the set of nouns. As a result of the search, it can be determined that the textual representation includes the unique name “Front Door,” and the electronic device identified at block 510 can include this device. It should be appreciated that more than one electronic device can be identified at block 510 depending on the textual representation of user speech. For example, if the textual representation of user speech generated at block 508 instead includes “Turn off all the bulbs,” the textual representation can be processed using processing modules 118 and data and models storage 120 to search for any of the set of nouns. As a result of the search, it can be determined that the textual representation includes the synonym “bulb” of the possible device type “light,” and that the instruction from the user was to turn off all of those types of devices. As a result, the electronic devices identified at block 510 can include both “Living Room Lamp 1” and “Living Room Lamp 2.”

In some examples, it can be difficult to identify the appropriate electronic device using only the set of nouns described above. For example, a textual representation that includes “Turn on the light” can produce a type match with both “Living Room Lamp 1” and “Living Room Lamp 2.” In these examples, block 510 can further include the use of contextual information received from user device 102 (e.g., received as part of the data corresponding to the audio input at block 506) to disambiguate between potential matching electronic devices. Any type of contextual information can be used, such as sensor information (e.g., lighting, ambient noise, ambient temperature, images or videos of the surrounding environment, distance to another object, and the like), information associated with the physical state of user device 102 (e.g., device orientation, device location, device temperature, power level, speed, acceleration, motion patterns, cellular signal strength, etc.), the software state of user device 102 (e.g., running processes, installed programs, past and present network activities, background services, error logs, resources usage, etc.), or the like. For example, continuing with the “Turn on the light” example provided above, the location and orientation of user device 102 when user device 102 received the audio input at block 502 can be provided to server system 110 at blocks 504 and 506. This contextual information can be used to determine a location of user device 102 and/or a direction at which user device 102 was pointed when receiving the user speech. When compared with the known locations of “Living Room Lamp 1” and “Living Room Lamp 2” stored in data and models storage 120, the closest light or the light at which user device 102 was pointing can be selected as the electronic device at block 510. Other types of contextual information can be used in similar ways to disambiguate between potential matching electronic devices at block 510 by identifying contextual information that makes one or more of the potential matching electronic devices more or less likely to have been referenced by the textual representation of user speech.

In yet other examples, words associated with a state in the textual representation of user input can additionally or alternatively be used to disambiguate between potential matching electronic devices or to identify the appropriate electronic device. For example, a textual representation that includes “Turn it to 68” may not produce any matches using the set of nouns described above. Thus, in these examples, block 510 can further include parsing the textual representation to identify any of a set of words associated with a state that corresponds to the electronic devices supported by system 100. For example, the set of words associated with a state can include the possible states of the electronic devices and their synonyms (e.g., open, closed, close, shut, on, off, active, inactive, lock, locked, a color, etc.), the types of values of the states (e.g., binary, float, etc.), a query for the state of the device, adjectives associated with a specific type of state (e.g., warmer, cooler, brighter, dimmer, a color, etc.), or the like. When used to parse “Turn it to 68,” it can be determined that the textual representation includes the float value “68.” When compared to the entries shown in FIG. 4, it can be determined that only “Upstairs Thermostat” and “Downstairs Thermostat” accept state float values. To disambiguate between the two thermostats, contextual information, such as a location of user device 102 can be used to select the thermostat that is closer to user device 102 as the electronic device identified at block 510. Similarly, if the textual representation instead included “Make it brighter,” the set of words associated with a state can be used to determine that the textual representation includes the word “brighter,” which is an adjective that describes the state of devices having the type “light.” To disambiguate between the two lights, contextual information, such as a location of user device 102 can be used to select the light that is closer to user device 102 as the electronic device identified at block 510.

At block 512, a command to be performed by each of the one or more electronic devices identified at block 510 can be identified. The command(s) to be performed can be identified in any number of ways. In some examples, the command(s) to be performed can be identified by parsing the textual representation of user speech to identify any of the set of words associated with a state (e.g., the possible states of the electronic devices and their synonyms, the types of values of the states, a query for the state of the device, adjectives associated with a specific type of state). The identified state or operation can then be used to identify a command to be performed by each of the one or more electronic devices identified at block 510. For example, if the textual representation of user speech includes “Lock the front door,” it can be determined that the textual representation includes the state “lock” from the set of states. Thus, a command to transition to the “lock” state can be generated and identified at block 512 as being the command to be performed by the electronic device “Front Door” that was identified at block 510. While a single command for a single electronic device is identified in the example above, it should be appreciated that multiple commands can be identified if multiple electronic devices were identified at block 510. For example, the textual representation “Turn on all of the lights” can result in the identification a command to transition to the “on” state for each of “Living Room Lamp 1” and “Living Room Lamp 2” at block 512.

In some examples, when the textual representation of user speech includes one of the adjectives associated with a specific type of state (e.g., warmer, cooler, brighter, dimmer, etc.), block 512 can include identifying a command to set a state of the electronic device identified at block 510 to a value relative to its current value. For example, if the textual representation includes “make it warmer,” the command identified at block 514 can be a command to increase the temperature of the thermostat identified at block 510 by a predetermined amount. The command can be a command to change the state value by an amount relative to the electronic device's current value rather than a command to transition the state value to a specific value (e.g., determined using the state of the thermostat stored in data and models storage 120) since the actual state of the electronic device may differ from the state stored in data and models storage 120.

In some examples, when the textual representation of user speech includes a query for the state of the device, block 512 can include identifying an instruction to cause user device 102 to query the identified electronic device(s). For example, if the textual representation includes “Is the garage door closed?”, the command identified at block 514 can be a command to query the state of electronic device “Garage Door.”

At block 514, an identification of each of the one or more electronic devices identified at block 510 and the command(s) to be performed by the one or more electronic devices identified at block 512 can be transmitted to the user device. For example, server system 110 can transmit the unique identifier associated with each of the electronic devices identified at block 510 and the command(s) to be performed by the one or more electronic devices to user device 102 via network(s) 108.

In some examples, the textual representation of the user speech generated at block 508 can also be transmitted to the user device at block 514. In these examples, blocks 510 and 514 can also be performed on the user device. The transmitted textual representation can be used by the user device to identify one or more electronic devices and/or identify a command or commands to be performed by the one or more electronic devices in electronic device data 370. This can be desirable, for example, when the electronic device data 370 in the user device is more up-to-date than the data on the one or more servers. In such instances, the user device can identify an electronic devices and/or a command that is not included in the data of the one or more servers.

In other examples, the textual representation can be parsed at blocks 510 and/or 512 at the one or more servers to determine key words or terms that can be suitable for identifying one or more of electronic devices and/or identifying a command or commands to be performed by the one or more electronic devices. In these examples, the parsed key words or terms can also be transmitted to the user device at block 514. The transmitted key words or terms can be used by the user device to identify one or more electronic devices and/or identify a command or commands to be performed by the one or more electronic devices in electronic device data 370. This can be desirable, for example, when the electronic device data 370 in the user device is more up-to-date than the data on the one or more servers. In such instances, the user device can identify an electronic devices and/or a command that is not included in the data of the one or more servers.

At block 516, the identification of each of the one or more the electronic devices and command(s) transmitted by the one or more servers can be received by the user device. For example, user device 102 can receive the unique identifier(s) and the command(s) transmitted by server system 110 at block 514 via network(s) 108.

At block 518, the user device can transmit the command(s) received at block 516 to the electronic device(s) associated with the identifier(s) received at block 516. For example, if user device 102 received an identifier associated with electronic device 128 (e.g., “Front Door”) and a command to transition the electronic device to a “locked” state at block 516, user device 102 can transmit the command to electronic device 128 to transition to the “locked” state via network(s) 126. If user device 102 received additional identifiers and commands at block 516, user device 102 can further transmit those commands to the identified electronic devices at block 518.

In some examples, the actual state of an electronic device may not be the same as the state of the electronic device as stored in user device 102 (e.g., in memory 350) and/or server system 110 (e.g., in data and models storage 120). For example, a door lock could have been manually opened or closed without using the virtual assistant of system 100. Thus, in some examples, block 518 can be performed regardless of the state of the electronic device as stored in user device 102 and/or server system 110. For example, a command to set a door lock's state to “locked” can be transmitted to the door lock even if the corresponding entry in user device 102 and/or server system 110 indicates that they door is already locked. Moreover, block 518 can be performed without first querying the electronic device (e.g., between blocks 516 and 518) to determine its actual state in order to reduce the amount of time required to issue a command to the electronic device. For example, the command to set the door lock's state to “locked” can be transmitted to the door lock without first querying its state, thereby reducing the time required to transmit the command to the door lock by an amount corresponding to the time required to send a query to the door lock and to receive the state from the door lock.

At block 520, the user device can receive a current state of each electronic device (that was sent a command at block 518) after each electronic device executes their respective command. For example, user device 102 can receive an updated status of electronic device 128 after it performed the command to set its state to “locked.” In this example, the current state returned to user device 102 can be the state “locked.” If commands were sent to more than one electronic device at block 518, block 520 can further include receiving current states from those electronic devices. In some examples, block 520 can further include updating the state of the electronic device in electronic device data 370 based on the received current state. For example, user device 102 can update the state of electronic device 128 in electronic device data 370 to “locked.” In some examples, block 520 can further include outputting an audio or visual indication of a result of the command(s) transmitted to the electronic device(s) at block 518 based on the transmitted command(s) and the received current state(s) of the electronic device(s). For example, if the command transmitted to electronic device 128 was a command to transition the device's state to “locked” and the current state of electronic device 128 received at block 520 was “locked,” an indication of the result can be that electronic device 128 was successfully transitioned to the “locked” state. Alternatively, if the received current state of the electronic device (e.g., “unlocked”) differs from the desired state indicated in the command (e.g., “locked”), an indication of a failure to transition to the “locked” state can be presented to the user. The current state can further include an error state, such as an undetermined or unavailable state of the device.

At block 522, the user device can transmit the current state(s) of the electronic device(s) received at block 520 to the one or more servers. For example, user device 102 can transmit the current state of the electronic device received at block 520 to server system 110. If the current state of more than one electronic device was received at block 520, block 522 can further include transmitting those current states to server system 110.

At block 524, the one or more servers can receive the current state(s) of the electronic device(s) transmitted by the user device at block 522. For example, server system 110 can receive the current state of the electronic device transmitted by user device 102 at block 522. If user device 102 transmitted more than one current state, block 524 can further include receiving those current states as well. In some examples, block 524 can further include updating the state(s) of the electronic device(s) in data and models storage 120 based on the received current state(s). For example, server system 110 can update the state of electronic device 128 in data and models storage 120 to “locked.”

In some examples, process 500 can further include generating a notification associated with the current state of one or more of the electronic devices in response to determining that a predetermined condition has been satisfied. For example, in response to the location of user device 102 exiting a predetermined area (e.g., an area corresponding to the user's home) while one or more of the electronic devices are in a predetermined state (e.g., the “Front Door” is unlocked), a notification can be presented to the user via user device 102 indicating that the user forgot to lock their door. Other similar notifications can be generated in response to other predetermined conditions.

Using process 500, a virtual assistant implemented by a user device can receive natural language commands to set the state or query any number of electronic devices. The natural language commands can refer to the electronic devices in any desired manner and need not include unique identifiers of the electronic devices or a type of the electronic device.

Remote Control of Electronic Devices

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary process 600 for remotely controlling electronic devices using a virtual assistant. In some examples, process 600 can be similar to process 500, except that process 600 can be performed using a system similar or identical to system 200, shown in FIG. 2. For example, process 600 can be performed by a user device (e.g., user device 102) that is located remotely from the electronic devices being controlled (e.g., electronic devices 128, 130, and 132), and a second user device (e.g., second user device 134) can instead be used to control the electronic devices. Thus, portions of process 600 can be performed by each of user device 102, server system 110, and second user device 134. Specifically, the blocks on the left side of FIG. 6 can be performed by user device 102, the blocks in the middle of FIG. 6 can be performed by server system 110, and the blocks on the right side of FIG. 6 can be performed by second user device 134.

The blocks of process 600 can be similar or identical to the identically numbered blocks of process 500, except that blocks 516, 518, 520, and 522 of process 600 can instead be performed by a second user device (e.g., second user device 134). Additionally, as a result, the identification of each of the one or more electronic devices and command(s) to be performed by the electronic device(s) can instead be transmitted to the second user device at block 514, and the current state(s) of the electronic device(s) can instead be received from the second user device at block 524.

In some examples, process 600 can further include transmitting, by the one or more servers, the current state(s) of the electronic device(s) received at block 524 to the user device that received the audio input at block 502. Additionally or alternatively, the process can include transmitting an indication of success of the command transmitted to the electronic device at block 518. For example, a visual or audio output can be generated that notifies the user of the success, partial success, or failure to execute the command by the electronic device. The success determination can depend on the command transmitted to the electronic device and the current state of the device received at block 524.

Standalone Control of Electronic Devices

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary process 700 for controlling electronic devices using a virtual assistant. In some examples, process 700 can be similar to process 500, except that process 700 can be performed using a standalone user device that can perform the functions of both user device 102 and server system 110. As a result, all blocks of process 700 can be performed by the user device (e.g., user device 102).

The blocks of process 700 can be similar or identical to the identically numbered blocks of process 500, except that blocks 508, 510, and 512 can instead be performed by the user device (e.g., user device 102). Additionally, as a result, the blocks corresponding to functions for communicating between user device 102 and server system 110 (e.g., blocks 504, 506, 514, 516, 522, and 524) need not be performed.

Storing a Configuration of Electronic Devices

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary process 800 for storing the states of multiple electronic devices as a configuration using a virtual assistant. The configuration can represent a stored set of states of the multiple electronic devices that can be referenced in a spoken user input to cause the multiple electronic devices to transition to the states defined in the configuration. For example, a user may create a “sleep” configuration in which the states of all lights are set to off, the states of the thermostats are set to 72° F., the state of all doors are set to locked, and the state of the garage door is set to closed. Thus, when the user is about to go to sleep, the user can provide user device 102 with a command that references the stored configuration, such as “I'm going to sleep,” and system 100 can set the states of the electronic devices based on the stored states in the sleep configuration. In some examples, process 800 can be performed using a system similar or identical to system 100, shown in FIG. 1. In these examples, the blocks of process 800 can be performed by both user device 102 and server system 110. Specifically, the blocks on the left side of FIG. 8 can be performed by user device 102, while the blocks on the right can be performed by server system 110.

At block 802, an audio input including user speech can be received at a user device in a manner similar or identical to block 502 of process 500. At block 804, data corresponding to the audio input received at block 802 can be transmitted to one or more servers for processing in a manner similar or identical to block 504 of process 500.

At block 806, the data corresponding to the audio input transmitted by the user device at block 804 can be received by one or more servers in a manner similar or identical to block 506 of process 500. At block 808, speech to text conversion can be performed on the data corresponding to the audio input to convert the user speech into a textual representation of the user speech in a manner similar or identical to block 508 of process 500.

At block 810, it can be determined that the textual representation of the user speech represents a user intent to store the states of the electronic devices of system 100 as a configuration. For example, one or more processing modules 118 of server system 110 can utilize data and model storage 120 to determine the user's intent based on natural language input. In some examples, this can include parsing the textual representation for words likely to be related to storing a configuration, such as “save,” “store,” “name,” “keep,” “configuration,” “scene,” their synonyms, and the like. For example, if the textual representation includes “Store this configuration as sleep,” it can be determined at block 810 that the user intends to store the state of the electronic devices as a configuration named “sleep.” Other textual representations, such as “Save this scene as work,” can similarly result in a determination at block 810 that the user intends to store the state of the electronic devices as a configuration named “work.”

At block 812, in response to determining that the textual representation of the user speech represents a user intent to store the state of the electronic devices of system 100 as a configuration, the one or more servers can transmit an instruction to the user device to query the state of the electronic devices. For example, server system 110 can transmit an instruction to user device 102 to query the state of electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 via network(s) 108.

At block 814, the instruction to query the state of the electronic devices transmitted by the one or more servers can be received by the user device. For example, user device 102 can receive the instruction to query the state of electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 from server system 110 via network(s) 108.

At block 816, the user device can transmit a query to each of the electronic devices for their current state. For example, user device 102 can transmit a command to each of electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 instructing them to return their current state via network(s) 126.

At block 818, the user device can receive a current state of each of the electronic device(s) in response to the query transmitted at block 516 (or a current state of all electronic devices capable of transmitting their current state). For example, user device 102 can receive a current state of electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 via network(s) 126 in response to the query sent to each of the devices at block 816. In some examples, block 818 can further include updating the state of the electronic device in electronic device data 370 based on the received current state. The current state can further include an error state, such as an undetermined or unavailable state of the device.

At block 820, the user device can transmit the current states of the electronic devices received at block 818 to the one or more servers. For example, user device 102 can transmit the current states of the electronic devices received at block 818 to server system 110.

At block 822, the one or more servers can receive the current states of the electronic devices transmitted by the user device at block 820. For example, server system 110 can receive the current state of electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 from user device 102 via network(s) 126.

At block 824, the one or more servers can store the current states of the electronic devices received at block 822 as a configuration. In some examples, the configuration can be assigned a unique identifier, such as “sleep,” “morning,” “work,” or the like, based on the name provided in the textual representation and identified at block 810. For example, server system 110 can store the current states of electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 as a “sleep” configuration in model and data storage 120 in response to a user speech received at block 802 that included “name this configuration sleep.”

Controlling Electronic Devices Using a Stored Configuration

FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary process 900 for setting the states of multiple electronic devices using a previously stored configuration (e.g., created using process 800) using a virtual assistant. In some examples, process 900 can be performed using a system similar or identical to system 100, shown in FIG. 1. In these examples, the blocks of process 900 can be performed by both user device 102 and server system 110. Specifically, the blocks on the left side of FIG. 9 can be performed by user device 102, while the blocks on the right can be performed by server system 110.

At block 902, an audio input including user speech can be received at a user device in a manner similar or identical to block 502 of process 500. At block 904, data corresponding to the audio input received at block 902 can be transmitted to one or more servers for processing in a manner similar or identical to block 504 of process 500.

At block 906, data corresponding to the audio input transmitted by the user device at block 904 can be received by one or more servers in a manner similar or identical to block 506 of process 500. At block 908, speech to text conversion can be performed on the user speech of the audio input to convert the user speech into a textual representation of the user speech in a manner similar or identical to block 508 of process 500.

At block 910, it can be determined that the textual representation of the user speech represents a user intent to set the states of the electronic devices of system 100 based on a stored configuration. For example, one or more processing modules 118 of server system 110 can utilize data and model storage 120 to determine the user's intent based on natural language input. In some examples, this can include parsing the textual representation for words likely to be related to using a stored configuration, such as the unique identifiers associated with the stored configurations, “set,” “configuration,” “scene,” their synonyms, or the like. For example, if the textual representation includes “I'm going to sleep,” it can be determined at block 910 that the user intends to set the state of the electronic devices based on the “sleep” configuration. Other textual representations, such as “night mode,” “set to sleep,” or the like, can similarly result in a determination at block 910 that the user intends set the state of the electronic devices based on the “sleep” configuration.

At block 912, commands to set the states of the electronic devices of system 100 based on the configuration identified at block 910 can be transmitted by the one or more servers to the user device. Identifications associated with the commands can also be transmitted to identify which devices are to perform each command. For example, server system 110 can transmit the unique identifiers associated with the electronic devices and the commands that are to be performed by those electronic devices to cause the electronic devices to be in the states specified by the stored configuration.

At block 914, commands to set the states of the electronic devices of system 100 transmitted by the server(s) can be received by the user device. For example, user device 102 can receive the commands transmitted by server system 110 at block 912 via network(s) 108.

At block 916, the user device can transmit the commands received at block 914 to the electronic devices associated with the commands. For example, user device 102 can transmit commands to electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 via network(s) 126 to cause the electronic devices to be in the states specified by the stored configuration.

In some examples, the actual state of an electronic device may not be the same as the state of the electronic device as stored in user device 102 (e.g., in memory 350) and/or server system 110 (e.g., in data and models storage 120). Thus, in some examples and similar to process 500, block 916 can be performed regardless of the state of the electronic device as stored in user device 102 and/or server system 110, and without first querying the electronic devices (e.g., between blocks 914 and 916) to determine their actual states in order to reduce the amount of time required to issue a command to the electronic devices.

At block 918, the user device can receive an updated state of the electronic devices after the electronic devices perform the commands transmitted by the user device at block 916. For example, user device 102 can receive updated statuses of electronic devices 128, 130, and 132 after they performed the commands to set their states to the states specified by the stored configuration. In some examples, block 920 can further include updating the state of the electronic device in electronic device data 370 based on the received current state. For example, user device 102 can update the state of electronic device 128 in electronic device data 370 to “locked.” In some examples, similar to block 520, block 918 can further include outputting an audio or visual indication of a result of the command(s) transmitted to the electronic device(s) at block 916 based on the transmitted command(s) and the received current state(s) of the electronic device(s). The updated state can further include an error state, such as an undetermined or unavailable state of the device.

At block 920, the user device can transmit the updated states of the electronic device received at block 918 to the one or more servers. For example, user device 102 can transmit the updated states of the electronic devices received at block 918 to server system 110.

At block 922, the one or more servers can receive the updated states of the electronic devices transmitted by the user device at block 920. For example, server system 110 can receive the updated states of the electronic devices transmitted by user device 102 at block 920. In some examples, block 922 can further include updating the states of the electronic devices in data and models storage 120 based on the received updated states.

In some examples, additionally or alternatively, the states of the electronic devices can be configured using a stored configuration in response to determining that a predetermined condition has been satisfied. For example, in response to the location of user device 102 entering a predetermined area (e.g., an area corresponding to the user's home), commands can be sent to the electronic devices to transition to states specified by a stored configuration (e.g., a “home” configuration). Similarly, commands can be sent to the electronic devices to transition to states specified by another stored configuration (e.g., a “work” configuration) in response to the location of user device 102 exiting a predetermined area (e.g., an area corresponding to the user's home) during a predetermined window of time (e.g., between 8-9 a.m. on a weekday). Other similar predetermined conditions can be created to cause system 100 to configure the electronic devices based on stored configurations.

Electronic Device

In accordance with some examples, FIG. 10 shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device 1000 configured in accordance with the principles of the various described examples. The functional blocks of the device can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described examples. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 10 can be combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described examples. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 10, electronic device 1000 can include a touch screen display unit 1002 configured to display a user interface and to receive touch input, and a sound receiving unit 1004 configured to receive sound input. In some examples, electronic device 1000 can include a speaker unit 1006 configured to generate sound. Electronic device 1000 can further include a processing unit 1008 coupled to touch screen display unit 1002 and sound receiving unit 1004 (and, optionally, coupled to speaker unit 1006). In some examples, processing unit 1008 can include an audio input receiving unit 1010, an audio input transmitting unit 1012, an identification and command receiving unit 1014, an identification and command transmitting unit 1016, a state receiving unit 1018, a state transmitting unit 1020, a state updating unit 1022, an indication outputting unit 1024, a second identification and command receiving unit 1026, a second identification and command transmitting unit 1028, and a second state receiving unit 1030, a second state transmitting unit 1032, and a notification transmitting unit 1034.

Processing unit 1008 can be configured to receive an audio input (e.g., using audio input receiving unit 1010) containing user speech. Processing unit 1008 can be further configured to transmit (e.g., using audio input transmitting unit 1012) data corresponding to the audio input to one or more servers. Processing unit 1008 can be further configured to receive (e.g., using identification and command receiving unit 1014), from the one or more servers, an identification of a first electronic device determined by the one or more servers based on the data corresponding to the audio input and a first command to be performed by the first electronic device determined by the one or more servers based on the data corresponding to the audio input. The first command can be transmitted to the first electronic device (e.g., using identification and command transmitting unit 1016). A current state of the first electronic device can be received (e.g., using state receiving unit 1018) from the first electronic device after transmitting the first command to the first electronic device. The current state of the first electronic device can be transmitted (e.g., using state transmitting unit 1020) to the one or more servers.

In some examples, first electronic device includes a light bulb. In other examples, the first command includes a command to set an ON/OFF state, dimmable state, or color state of the light. In yet other examples, the current state of the first electronic device includes the ON/OFF state, dimmable state, or color state of the light bulb after transmitting the first command to set the ON/OFF state, dimmable state, or color state of the light bulb.

In some examples, first electronic device includes a switch. In other examples, the first command includes a command to set an ON/OFF state of the switch. In yet other examples, the current state of the first electronic device includes the ON/OFF state of the switch after transmitting the first command to set the ON/OFF state of the switch.

In some examples, the first electronic device includes an electrical outlet. In other examples, the first command includes a command to set an ACTIVE/INACTIVE state of the electrical outlet. In yet other examples, the current state of the first electronic device includes the ACTIVE/INACTIVE state of the electrical outlet after transmitting the command to set the ACTIVE/INACTIVE state of the electrical outlet.

In some examples, the first electronic device includes a door lock. In other examples, the first command includes a command to set a LOCKED/UNLOCKED state of the door lock. In yet other examples, the current state of the first electronic device includes the LOCKED/UNLOCKED state of the door lock after transmitting the command to set the LOCKED/UNLOCKED state of the door lock.

In some examples, the first electronic device includes a garage door. In other examples, the first command includes a command to set an OPEN/CLOSED state of the garage door. In yet other examples, the current state of the first electronic device includes the OPEN/CLOSED state of the garage door after transmitting the command to set the OPEN/CLOSED state of the garage door.

In some examples, the first electronic device includes a thermostat. In other examples, the first command includes a command to set a numerical value of a temperature setting of the thermostat. In yet other examples, the current state of the first electronic device includes the numerical value of the temperature setting of the thermostat after transmitting the first command to set the numerical value of the temperature setting of the thermostat.

In some examples, the first command includes a query for the current state of the first electronic device.

In some examples, the first command can be transmitted (e.g., using identification and command transmitting unit 1016) to first electronic device over a local wireless network.

In some examples, the first command can be transmitted to the first electronic device directly through Bluetooth, line of sight, peer-to-peer, or WiFi communication.

In some examples, processing unit 1008 can be configured to exclude querying the first electronic device for the state of the first electronic device between receiving the first command from the one or more servers and transmitting the first command to the first electronic device.

In some examples, electronic device 1000 can further include a database unit 1034 for storing a state of each of a plurality of electronic devices, the plurality of electronic devices including the first electronic device. In other examples, processing unit 1008 can be further configured to update (e.g., using state updating unit 1022) a state of the first electronic device stored in database unit 1034 based at least in part on the current state of the first electronic device received from the first electronic device.

In some examples, processing unit 1008 can be further configured to output (e.g., using indication outputting unit 1024) an indication of a result of the first command based on the first command and the current state of the first electronic device received from the first electronic device.

In some examples, electronic device 1000 can include a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet computer, portable media player, television, television set-top box, or wearable electronic device.

In some examples, processing unit 1008 can be further configured to receive (e.g., using second identification and command receiving unit 1026), from the one or more servers, an identification of a second electronic device determined by the one or more servers based on the data corresponding to the audio input and a second command to be performed by the second electronic device determined by the one or more servers based on the data corresponding to the audio input. Processing unit 1008 can be further configured to transmit (e.g., using second identification and command transmitting unit 1028) the second command to the second electronic device and to receive (e.g., using second state receiving unit 1030), after transmitting the second command to the second electronic device, a current state of the second electronic device from the second electronic device. Processing unit 1008 can be further configured to transmit (e.g., using second state transmitting unit 1032) the current state of the second electronic device to the one or more servers.

In some examples, processing unit 1008 can be further configured to transmit (e.g., using notification transmitting unit 1036) a notification associated with the current state of the first electronic device in response to determining that a predetermined condition has been satisfied.

In accordance with some examples, FIG. 11 shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device 1100 configured in accordance with the principles of the various described examples. The functional blocks of the device can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described examples. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 11 can be combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described examples. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 11, electronic device 1100 can include a touch screen display unit 1102 configured to display a user interface and to receive touch input, and a sound receiving unit 1104 configured to receive sound input. In some examples, electronic device 1100 can include a speaker unit 1106 configured to generate sound. Electronic device 1100 can further include a processing unit 1108 coupled to touch screen display unit 1102 and sound receiving unit 1104 (and, optionally, coupled to speaker unit 1106). In some examples, processing unit 1108 can include an audio input receiving unit 1110, an audio input transmitting unit 1112, an instruction receiving unit 1114, a query transmitting unit 1116, a state receiving unit 1118, and a state transmitting unit 1120.

Processing unit 1108 can be configured to receive an audio input (e.g., using audio input receiving unit 1110) containing user speech. Processing unit 1108 can be further configured to transmit (e.g., using audio input transmitting unit 1112) data corresponding to the audio input to one or more servers. Processing unit 1108 can be further configured to receive (e.g., using instruction receiving unit 1114), from the one or more servers, an instruction to query a state of each of a plurality of electronic devices determined by the one or more servers based on the data corresponding to the audio input. A state query can be transmitted (e.g., using query transmitting unit 1116) to each of the plurality of electronic devices, and a current state of each of the plurality of electronic devices can be received (e.g., using state receiving unit 1118) from the plurality of electronic devices. The current state of each of the plurality of electronic devices can be transmitted (e.g., using state transmitting unit 1120) to the one or more servers to be stored as a configuration.

In accordance with some examples, FIG. 12 shows a functional block diagram of an electronic device 1200 configured in accordance with the principles of the various described examples. The functional blocks of the device can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software to carry out the principles of the various described examples. It is understood by persons of skill in the art that the functional blocks described in FIG. 12 can be combined or separated into sub-blocks to implement the principles of the various described examples. Therefore, the description herein optionally supports any possible combination or separation or further definition of the functional blocks described herein.

As shown in FIG. 12, electronic device 1200 can include a touch screen display unit 1202 configured to display a user interface and to receive touch input, and a sound receiving unit 1204 configured to receive sound input. In some examples, electronic device 1200 can include a speaker unit 1206 configured to generate sound. Electronic device 1200 can further include a processing unit 1208 coupled to touch screen display unit 1202 and sound receiving unit 1204 (and, optionally, coupled to speaker unit 1206). In some examples, processing unit 1208 can include an audio input receiving unit 1210, an audio input transmitting unit 1212, an instruction receiving unit 1214, a query transmitting unit 1216, a state receiving unit 1218, and a state transmitting unit 1220.

In some examples, processing unit 1208 can be further configured to receive (e.g., using audio input receiving unit 1210) an audio input including a user speech, transmit (e.g., using audio input transmitting unit 1212) data corresponding to the audio input to the one or more servers, and receive (e.g., using command receiving unit 1214), from the one or more servers, a plurality of commands to set the state of each of the plurality of electronic devices determined by the one or more servers based on a stored configuration. Processing unit 1208 can be further configured to transmit (e.g., using command transmitting unit 1216) the plurality of commands to the plurality of electronic devices. Processing unit 1208 can be further configured to receive (e.g., using state receiving unit 1218) an updated state of each of the plurality of electronic devices from the plurality of electronic devices and to transmit (e.g., using state transmitting unit 1220) the updated state of each of the plurality of electronic devices to the one or more servers.

As shown in FIG. 13, electronic device 1300 can include a touch screen display unit 1302 configured to display a user interface and to receive touch input, and a sound receiving unit 1304 configured to receive sound input. In some examples, electronic device 1300 can include a speaker unit 1306 configured to generate sound. Electronic device 1300 can further include a processing unit 1308 coupled to touch screen display unit 1302 and sound receiving unit 1304 (and, optionally, coupled to speaker unit 1306). In some examples, processing unit 1308 can include an audio input receiving unit 1310, speech-to-text converting unit 1312, an electronic device identifying unit 1314, a command identifying unit 1316, an identification and command transmitting unit 1318, a state receiving unit 1320, a state updating unit 1322, a contextual information receiving unit 1324, an indication transmitting unit 1326, a second electronic device identifying unit 1328, a second command identifying unit 1330, a second identification and command transmitting unit 1332, and a second state receiving unit 1336.

Processing unit 1308 can be configured to receive data corresponding to an audio input (e.g., using audio input receiving unit 1310) containing user speech. Processing unit 1308 can be further configured perform (e.g., using speech to text converting unit 1312) speech-to-text conversion on the data corresponding to the audio input to generate a textual representation of the user speech. Processing unit 1308 can be further configured to identify (e.g., using electronic device identifying unit 1314) a first electronic device based on the textual representation of the user speech. Processing unit 1308 can be further configured to identify (e.g., using command identifying unit 1316) a first command to be performed by the first electronic device based on the textual representation of user speech. Processing unit 1308 can be further configured to transmit (e.g., using identification and command transmitting unit 1318) an identification of the first electronic device and the first command to the user device. Processing unit 1308 can be further configured to receive (e.g., using state receiving unit 1320) a current state of the first electronic device.

In some examples, first electronic device includes a light bulb. In other examples, the first command includes a command to set an ON/OFF state, dimmable state, or color state of the light. In yet other examples, the current state of the first electronic device includes the ON/OFF state, dimmable state, or color state of the light bulb after transmitting the first command to set the ON/OFF state, dimmable state, or color state of the light bulb.

In some examples, the first electronic device includes an electrical outlet. In other examples, the first command includes a command to set an ACTIVE/INACTIVE state of the electrical outlet. In yet other examples, the current state of the first electronic device includes the ACTIVE/INACTIVE state of the electrical outlet after transmitting the command to set the ACTIVE/INACTIVE state of the electrical outlet.

In some examples, the first electronic device includes a switch. In other examples, the first command includes a command to set an ON/OFF state of the switch. In yet other examples, the current state of the first electronic device includes the ON/OFF state of the electrical outlet after transmitting the command to set the ON/OFF state of the switch.

In some examples, the first electronic device includes a door lock. In other examples, the first command includes a command to set a LOCKED/UNLOCKED state of the door lock. In yet other examples, the current state of the first electronic device includes the LOCKED/UNLOCKED state of the door lock after transmitting the command to set the LOCKED/UNLOCKED state of the door lock.

In some examples, the first electronic device includes a garage door. In other examples, the first command includes a command to set an OPEN/CLOSED state of the garage door. In yet other examples, the current state of the first electronic device includes the OPEN/CLOSED state of the garage door after transmitting the command to set the OPEN/CLOSED state of the garage door.

In some examples, the first electronic device includes a thermostat. In other examples, the first command includes a command to set a numerical value of a temperature setting of the thermostat. In yet other examples, the current state of the first electronic device includes the numerical value of the temperature setting of the thermostat after transmitting the first command to set the numerical value of the temperature setting of the thermostat.

In some examples, the first command includes a query for the current state of the first electronic device.

In some examples, electronic device 1300 further includes a database unit 1334 for storing a name, a type, and a state of each of a plurality of electronic devices, the plurality of electronic devices comprising the first electronic device. In other examples, processing unit 1308 can be further configured to update (e.g., using state updating unit 1322) the state of the first electronic device stored in database unit 1334 based on the current state of the first electronic device.

In some examples, processing unit 1308 can be further configured to receive (e.g., using contextual information receiving unit 1324) contextual information within the data corresponding to the audio input from the user device. In other examples, processing unit 1308 can be further configured to identify (e.g., using electronic device identifying unit 1314) the first electronic device based on the contextual information. In yet other examples, processing unit 1308 can be further configured to identify (e.g., using command identifying unit 1316) the first command based on the contextual information. In some examples, the contextual information includes an orientation of the user device when the user device received the audio input or a location of the user device when the user device received the audio input.

In some examples, the textual representation of the user speech excludes the name of the first electronic device. In other examples, the textual representation of the user speech excludes the type of the first electronic device.

In some examples, electronic device 1300 includes a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet computer, portable media player, television, television set-top box, or wearable electronic device.

In some examples, processing unit 1308 can be further configured to transmit (e.g., using identification and command transmitting unit 1318) the identification of the first electronic device and the first command to the user device, and to receive (e.g., using state receiving unit 1320) the current state of the first electronic device from the user device.

In other examples, processing unit 1308 can be further configured to transmit (e.g., using identification and command transmitting unit 1318) the identification of the first electronic device and the first command to a second user device, and to receive (e.g., using state receiving unit 1320) the current state of the first electronic device from the second user device.

In other examples, processing unit 1308 can be further configured to transmit (e.g., using indication transmitting unit 1326) an indication to the second user device of a result of the first command based on the first command and the current state of the first electronic device.

In other examples, processing unit 1308 can be further configured to identify (e.g., using second electronic device identifying unit 1328) a second electronic device based on the textual representation of the user speech, identify (e.g., using second command identifying unit 1330) a second command to be performed by the second electronic device based on the textual representation of the user speech, transmit (e.g., using second identification and command transmitting unit 1332) an identification of the second electronic device and the second command, and receive (e.g., using second state receiving unit 1336) a current state of the second electronic device.

As shown in FIG. 14, electronic device 1400 can include a touch screen display unit 1402 configured to display a user interface and to receive touch input, and a sound receiving unit 1404 configured to receive sound input. In some examples, electronic device 1400 can include a speaker unit 1406 configured to generate sound. Electronic device 1400 can further include a processing unit 1408 coupled to touch screen display unit 1402 and sound receiving unit 1404 (and, optionally, coupled to speaker unit 1406). In some examples, processing unit 1408 can include an audio input receiving unit 1410, speech-to-text converting unit 1412, a determining unit 1414, an instruction transmitting unit 1416, a state receiving unit 1416, a configuration storing unit 1420, a second audio input receiving unit 1422, a second speech to text converting unit 1424, a second determining unit 1426, a command transmitting unit 1428, and a second state receiving unit 1430.

Processing unit 1408 can be configured to receive (e.g., using audio input receiving unit 1410) data corresponding to an audio input comprising a user speech from a user device. Processing unit 1408 can be further configured perform (e.g., using speech to text converting unit 1412) speech-to-text conversion on the data corresponding to the audio input to generate a textual representation of the user speech. Processing unit 1408 can be further configured to determine (e.g., using determining unit 1414) that the textual representation of the user speech represents a user intent to store a state of each of a plurality of electronic devices as a configuration. Processing unit 1408 can be further configured to transmit (e.g., using instruction transmitting unit 1416) an instruction to query the state of each of the plurality of electronic devices. Processing unit 1408 can be further configured to receive (e.g., using state receiving unit 1418) a current state of each of the plurality of electronic devices. Processing unit 1408 can be further configured to store (e.g., using configuration storing unit 1420) the received current state of each of the plurality of electronic devices as the configuration.

As shown in FIG. 15, electronic device 1500 can include a touch screen display unit 1502 configured to display a user interface and to receive touch input, and a sound receiving unit 1504 configured to receive sound input. In some examples, electronic device 1500 can include a speaker unit 1506 configured to generate sound. Electronic device 1500 can further include a processing unit 1508 coupled to touch screen display unit 1502 and sound receiving unit 1504 (and, optionally, coupled to speaker unit 1506). In some examples, processing unit 1408 can include an audio input receiving unit 1510, speech-to-text converting unit 1512, a determining unit 1514, an instruction transmitting unit 1516, a state receiving unit 1516, a configuration storing unit 1520, a second audio input receiving unit 1522, a second speech to text converting unit 1524, a second determining unit 1526, a command transmitting unit 1528, and a second state receiving unit 1530.

In some examples, processing unit 1508 can be further configured to receive (e.g., using audio input receiving unit 1510) data corresponding to an audio input comprising a user speech, perform (e.g., using speech to text converting unit 1512) speech-to-text conversion on the data corresponding to the audio input to generate a textual representation of the user speech, determine (e.g., using determining unit 1514) that the textual representation of the user speech represents a user intent to change the state of each of the plurality of electronic devices based on the configuration, transmit (e.g., using command transmitting unit 1516) a plurality of commands to set the state of each of the plurality of electronic devices based on the configuration, and receive (e.g., using state receiving unit 1518) an updated state of each of the plurality of electronic devices.

As described above, one aspect of the present technology is the gathering and use of data available from various sources to improve the delivery to users of invitational content or any other content that may be of interest to them. The present disclosure contemplates that in some instances, this gathered data can include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a specific person. Such personal information data can include demographic data, location-based data, telephone numbers, email addresses, home addresses, or any other identifying information.

The present disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data, in the present technology, can be used to the benefit of users. For example, the personal information data can be used to deliver targeted content that is of greater interest to the user. Accordingly, use of such personal information data enables calculated control of the delivered content. Further, other uses for personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by the present disclosure.

The present disclosure further contemplates that the entities responsible for the collection, analysis, disclosure, transfer, storage, or other use of such personal information data will comply with well-established privacy policies and/or privacy practices. In particular, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining personal information data private and secure. For example, personal information from users should be collected for legitimate and reasonable uses of the entity and not shared or sold outside of those legitimate uses. Further, such collection should occur only after receiving the informed consent of the users. Additionally, such entities would take any needed steps for safeguarding and securing access to such personal information data and ensuring that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Further, such entities can subject themselves to evaluation by third parties to certify their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices.

Despite the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates examples in which users selectively block the use of, or access to, personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and/or software elements can be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of advertisement delivery services, the present technology can be configured to allow users to select to “opt in” or “opt out” of participation in the collection of personal information data during registration for services. In another example, users can select not to provide location information for targeted content delivery services. In yet another example, users can select to not provide precise location information, but permit the transfer of location zone information.

Therefore, although the present disclosure broadly covers use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed examples, the present disclosure also contemplates that the various examples can also be implemented without the need for accessing such personal information data. That is, the various examples of the present technology are not rendered inoperable due to the lack of all or a portion of such personal information data. For example, content can be selected and delivered to users by inferring preferences based on non-personal information data or a bare minimum amount of personal information, such as the content being requested by the device associated with a user, other non-personal information available to the content delivery services, or publicly available information.

Although examples have been fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that various changes and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included within the scope of the various examples as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A user device comprising: one or more processors;memory; andone or more programs, wherein the one or more programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for: receiving an audio input representing a user request for an electronic device to perform an action, wherein the audio input is in natural language form, andwherein the audio input is ambiguous with respect to defining the electronic device for performing the action;determining one or more possible electronic device characteristics corresponding to the audio input;retrieving a data structure representing a set of electronic devices of a predetermined location;determining, based on the data structure, one or more candidate electronic devices from the set of electronic devices, the one or more candidate electronic devices corresponding to the audio input;determining, based on the one or more possible electronic device characteristics and one or more actual electronic device characteristics of the one or more candidate electronic devices, a user intent corresponding to the audio input; andproviding a command that causes an electronic device of the one or more candidate electronic devices to perform the action corresponding to the user intent.

2. The user device of claim 1, wherein the audio input is in natural language form, and wherein the audio input is ambiguous with respect to defining the action.

3. The user device of claim 1, wherein the one or more possible electronic device characteristics comprise one or more words associated with electronic devices that are controllable by the user device, or associated with one or more states corresponding to the electronic devices that are controllable by the user device.

4. The user device of claim 1, wherein the data structure defines one or more actual device characteristics associated with each electronic device in the set of electronic devices.

5. The user device of claim 4, wherein the one or more actual electronic device characteristics comprise one or more words associated with each electronic device in the set of electronic devices, or associated with one or more states corresponding to each electronic device in the set of electronic devices.

6. The user device of claim 1, wherein the data structure defines a current state of each electronic device in the set of electronic devices.

7. The user device of claim 6, wherein the one or more programs comprise further instructions for: determining the user intent further based on the current state of each of the one or more candidate electronic devices.

8. The user device of claim 6 wherein the one or more programs comprise further instructions for: after providing the command, receiving an updated state from the electronic device; andupdating the current state of the electronic device based on the updated state received from the electronic device.

9. The user device of claim 8, wherein the one or more programs comprise further instructions for: outputting an indication of a result of the command based on the updated state of the electronic device received from the electronic device.

10. The user device of claim 9, wherein the indication of the result of the command is an audio indication, a visual indication, or both an audio and a visual indication.

11. The user device of claim 1, wherein the one or more programs comprise further instructions for: determining a location corresponding to the audio input; anddetermining, based on the determined location, the predetermined location from a plurality of predetermined locations.

12. The user device of claim 1, wherein determining the one or more candidate electronic devices from the set of electronic devices comprises: determining one or more alternative terms associated with a term in the audio input, wherein the one or more candidate electronic devices is determined based on the one or more alternative terms.

13. The user device of claim 1, wherein determining the user intent further comprises: determining the electronic device from the one or more candidate electronic devices based on the one or more possible electronic device characteristics and the one or more actual electronic device characteristics of the one or more candidate electronic devices.

14. The user device of claim 1, wherein the one or more programs comprise further instructions for: determining a relative location of the user device with respect to an area within the predetermined location, wherein the user intent is determined based on the relative location.

15. A method for controlling an electronic device using a virtual assistant on a user device having one or more processors and a memory, the method comprising: at the user device: receiving an audio input representing a user request for an electronic device to perform an action, wherein the audio input is in natural language form, andwherein the audio input is ambiguous with respect to defining the electronic device for performing the action;determining one or more possible electronic device characteristics corresponding to the audio input;retrieving a data structure representing a set of electronic devices of a predetermined location;determining, based on the data structure, one or more candidate electronic devices from the set of electronic devices, the one or more candidate electronic devices corresponding to the audio input;determining, based on the one or more possible electronic device characteristics and one or more actual electronic device characteristics of the one or more candidate electronic devices, a user intent corresponding to the audio input; andproviding a command that causes an electronic device of the one or more candidate electronic devices to perform the action corresponding to the user intent.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the audio input is in natural language form, and wherein the audio input is ambiguous with respect to defining the action.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the data structure defines one or more actual device characteristics associated with each electronic device in the set of electronic devices.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more actual electronic device characteristics comprise one or more words associated with each electronic device in the set of electronic devices, or associated with one or more states corresponding to each electronic device in the set of electronic devices.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising: determining a location corresponding to the audio input; anddetermining, based on the determined location, the predetermined location from a plurality of predetermined locations.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein determining the one or more candidate electronic devices from the set of electronic devices comprises: determining one or more alternative terms associated with a term in the audio input, wherein the one or more candidate electronic devices is determined based on the one or more alternative terms.

21. The method of claim 15, further comprising: determining a relative location of the user device with respect to an area within the predetermined location, wherein the user intent is determined based on the relative location.

22. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions for one or more programs for execution by one or more processors of a user device, the one or more programs including instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the user device to perform the method of: receiving an audio input representing a user request for an electronic device to perform an action, wherein the audio input is in natural language form, andwherein the audio input is ambiguous with respect to defining the electronic device for performing the action;determining one or more possible electronic device characteristics corresponding to the audio input;retrieving a data structure representing a set of electronic devices of a predetermined location;determining, based on the data structure, one or more candidate electronic devices from the set of electronic devices, the one or more candidate electronic devices corresponding to the audio input;determining, based on the one or more possible electronic device characteristics and one or more actual electronic device characteristics of the one or more candidate electronic devices, a user intent corresponding to the audio input; andproviding a command that causes an electronic device of the one or more candidate electronic devices to perform the action corresponding to the user intent.

23. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the audio input is in natural language form, and wherein the audio input is ambiguous with respect to defining the action.

24. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the data structure defines one or more actual device characteristics associated with each electronic device in the set of electronic devices.

25. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein the one or more actual electronic device characteristics comprise one or more words associated with each electronic device in the set of electronic devices, or associated with one or more states corresponding to each electronic device in the set of electronic devices.

26. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the one or more programs comprise further instructions for: determining a location corresponding to the audio input; anddetermining, based on the determined location, the predetermined location from a plurality of predetermined locations.

27. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein determining the one or more candidate electronic devices from the set of electronic devices comprises: determining one or more alternative terms associated with a term in the audio input, wherein the one or more candidate electronic devices is determined based on the one or more alternative terms.

28. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 22, wherein the one or more programs comprise further instructions for: determining a relative location of the user device with respect to an area within the predetermined location, wherein the user intent is determined based on the relative location.