Patent Application
20130078848
The present invention relates generally to communications systems and, more particularly, to automatically tracking cabling connections in communications systems.
Many businesses, government agencies, schools and other organizations employ dedicated communications systems (also referred to herein as “networks”) that enable computers, servers, printers, facsimile machines, telephones, security cameras and the like to communicate with each other, through a private network, and with remote locations via a telecommunications service provider. Such communications systems may be hard-wired through, for example, the walls and/or ceilings of a building using communications cables and connectors. Typically, the communications cables contain eight insulated conductors such as copper wires that are arranged as four differential twisted pairs of conductors (these twisted pairs may also be referred to herein as a “differential pair” or simply a “pair”). Individual communications connectors (which are also referred to herein as “connector ports” and/or as “outlets”) such as RJ-45 style modular wall jacks are mounted in offices, conference rooms and other work areas throughout the building. The communications cables and any intervening connectors provide communications paths from the connector ports in offices and other rooms, hallways and common areas of the building (which are also referred to herein as “work area outlets”) to network equipment (e.g., network switches, servers, etc.) that may be located in a computer room, telecommunications closet or the like. Communications cables from external telecommunication service providers may also terminate within the computer room or telecommunications closet.
A commercial data center is a facility that may be used to run the computer-based applications that handle the core electronic business and operational data of one or more organizations. The expansion of the Internet has also led to a growing need for a so-called “Internet data centers,” which are data centers that are used by online retailers, Internet portals, search engine companies and the like to provide large numbers of users simultaneous, secure, high-speed, fail-safe access to their web sites. Both types of data centers may host hundreds, thousands or more servers, routers, memory storage systems and other associated equipment. In these data centers, fiber optic communications cables and/or communications cables that include four differential pairs of insulated conductive wires are typically used to provide a hard-wired communications system that interconnects the data center equipment.
In conductive wire-based communications systems, each information signal is typically transmitted over a pair of conductors using differential signalling techniques rather than over a single conductor. When differential signalling is used, the signals transmitted on each conductor of the differential pair have equal magnitudes, but opposite phases, and the information signal is embedded as the voltage difference between the signals carried on the two conductors of the pair. The use of differential signalling can reduce the impact that external noise sources may have on the transmitted signal. In particular, when signals are transmitted over a tightly twisted differential pair of conductors, electrical noise from external sources will typically be picked up by each conductor of the pair in approximately equal amounts. As the information signal is extracted from the differential pair by taking the difference of the signals carried on the two conductors of the pair, the approximately equal amounts of noise that are picked up by each conductor is cancelled out by the subtraction process. As such, the use of differential signalling can reduce the impact of external noise sources on a transmitted signal.
The conductive wire-based communication systems that are installed in both office buildings and data centers typically use RJ-45 plugs and jacks to ensure industry-wide compatibility. Pursuant to certain industry standards (e.g., the TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1 standard approved Jun. 20, 2002 by the Telecommunications Industry Association), the eight conductors in RJ-45 plug and jack connectors are aligned in a row in the connection region where the contacts of the plug mate with the contacts of the jack.
In both office network and data center communications systems, the communications cables that are connected to end devices (e.g., network servers, memory storage devices, network switches, work area computers, printers, facsimile machines, telephones, etc.) may terminate into one or more communications patching systems that may simplify later connectivity changes. Typically, a communications patching system includes one or more “patch panels” that are mounted on equipment rack(s) or in cabinet(s), and a plurality of “patch cords” that are used to make interconnections between different pieces of equipment. As is known to those of skill in the art, a “patch cord” refers to a communications cable (e.g., a cable that includes four differential pairs of copper wires or a fiber optic cable) that has a connector such as, for example, an RJ-45 plug or a fiber optic connector, on at least one end thereof. A “patch panel” refers to an inter-connection device that includes a plurality (e.g., 24 or 48) of connector ports. Each connector port (e.g., an RJ-45 jack or a fiber optic adapter) on a patch panel may have a plug aperture on a front side thereof that is configured to receive the connector of a patch cord (e.g., an RJ-45 plug), and the back end of each connector port may be configured to receive a communications cable or a connector of a patch cord. With respect to RJ-45 connector ports, each communications cable is typically terminated into the back end of the RJ-45 connector port by terminating the eight conductive wires of the cable into corresponding insulation displacement contacts (“IDCs”) or other wire connection terminals of the connector port. Consequently, each RJ-45 connector port on a patch panel acts to connect the eight conductors of the patch cord that is plugged into the front side of the connector port with the corresponding eight conductors of the communications cable that is terminated into the back end of the connector port. The patching system may optionally include a variety of additional equipment such as rack managers, system managers and other devices that facilitate making and/or tracking patching connections.
In a typical office network, “horizontal” cables are used to connect each work area outlet (which typically are RJ-45 jacks) to the back end of a respective connector port (which also typically are RJ-45 jacks) on a first set of patch panels. The first end of each of these horizontal cables is terminated into the IDCs of a respective one of the work area outlets, and the second end of each of these horizontal cables is terminated into the IDCs of a respective one of the connector ports on the patch panel. In an “inter-connect” patching system, a single set of patch cords is used to directly connect the connector ports on the first set of patch panels to respective connector ports on network switches. In a “cross-connect” patching system, a second set of patch panels is provided, and the first set of patch cords is used to connect the connector ports on the first set of patch panels to respective connector ports on the second set of patch panels, and the second set of typically single-ended patch cords is used to connect the connector ports on the second set of patch panels to respective connector ports on the network switches. In both inter-connect and cross-connect patching systems the cascaded set of plugs, jacks and cable segments that connect a connector port on a network switch to a work area end device is typically referred to as a channel. Thus, if RJ-45 jacks are used as the connector ports, each channel includes four communications paths (since each jack and cable has four differential pairs of conductors).
The connections between the work area end devices and the network switches may need to be changed for a variety of reasons, including equipment changes, adding or deleting users, office moves, etc. In an inter-connect patching system, these connections are typically changed by rearranging the patch cords in the set of patch cords that run between the first set of patch panels and the network switches. In a cross-connect patching system, the connections between the work area end devices and the network switches are typically changed by rearranging the patch cords in the set of patch cords that run between the first set of patch panels and the second set of patch panels. Both types of patching systems allow a network manager to easily implement connectivity changes by simply unplugging one end of a patch cord from a first connector port on one of the patch panels in the first set of patch panels and then plugging that end of the patch cord into a second connector port on one of the patch panels in the first set of patch panels.
The connectivity between the connector ports on the network switches and the work area outlets is typically recorded in a computer-based log. Each time patching changes are made, this computer-based log is updated to reflect the new patching connections. Unfortunately, in practice technicians may neglect to update the log each and every time a change is made, and/or may make errors in logging changes. As such, the logs may not be complete and/or accurate.
In order to reduce or eliminate such logging errors, a variety of systems have been proposed that automatically log the patch cord connections in a communications patching system. For example, automated patching systems have been proposed that use special “intelligent” patch panels that employ sensors, serial ID chips and the like to detect patch cord insertions and removals and/or to automatically track patching connections. Typically, these systems require that all of the patch panels in the patching system have these automatic tracking capabilities and, in inter-connect systems, may also require that the network switches include automatic tracking capabilities as well.
Intelligent patching systems have also been proposed that use radio frequency identification (“RFID”) techniques to automatically track patching connections. As is known to those of skill in the art, an RFID tag refers to a specially designed integrated circuit chip (which may include an embedded or associated RFID antenna) that is placed on, or embedded in, an object. RFID tags are designed to emit a data signal (referred to herein as a “responsive RFID signal”) when the chip is energized or “excited” by an RFID interrogation signal. An RFID transceiver transmits an RFID interrogation signal that is received by the RFID tag. The received RFID interrogation signal energizes the RFID tag and causes the RFID tag to transmit a responsive RFID signal. This responsive RFID signal includes data such as, for example, a unique identifier, that is stored in a memory of the RFID tag. The responsive RFID signal may be received and decoded by the RFID transceiver. Intelligent patching systems have been proposed which use special patch cords that include an RFID tag on each end thereof in order to track patching connections in a communications system. Examples of RFID-based intelligent patching systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,002,331, 7,170,393 and 7,605,707.
Pursuant to embodiments of the present invention, methods of identifying a cabling connection that extends between a first connector port and a second connector port are provided in which an RFID interrogation signal is transmitted from the first connector port to the second connector port over one or more of a plurality of differential pairs of the Ethernet cabling connection. A responsive RFID signal is received at the first connector port from an RFID tag at the second connector port that may be used to identify the cabling connection between the first and second connector ports.
In some embodiments, at least a portion of the RFID interrogation signal may be transmitted over a first of the plurality of differential pairs of the Ethernet cabling connection as a common mode signal. In some cases, the RFID interrogation signal is transmitted as a phantom mode signal, with a first component of the RFID interrogation signal transmitted over the first differential pair of the cabling connection as a common mode signal and a second component of the RFID interrogation signal transmitted over a second differential pair of the cabling connection as a common mode signal. In some embodiments, the RFID interrogation signal may be transmitted over the cabling connection as a differential signal.
In some embodiments, the RFID interrogation signal may be coupled from an RFID transceiver onto the one or more of the plurality of differential pairs of the cabling connection using a resonant coupling circuit. In other embodiments, a capacitive coupling circuit and/or an inductive coupling circuit may be used. An Ethernet data signal may be transmitted over the first differential pair of the cabling connection at the same time that the first component of the RFID interrogation signal is transmitted over the first differential pair.
In some embodiments, the RFID interrogation signal may be transmitted outside the Ethernet spectrum. The responsive RFID signal from the RFID tag may include a unique identifier that is associated with the second connector port and/or location information that identifies a location of the second connector port.
Pursuant to further embodiments of the present invention, systems for identifying an Ethernet cabling connection are provided that include a first RJ-45 connector port, an RFID transceiver, a second RJ-45 connector port and at least one Ethernet cable that connects the first RJ-45 connector port to the second RJ-45 connector port. An RFID tag is provided that is associated with the second connector port. Additionally, a first coupling circuit is provided that is configured to couple an RFID interrogation signal that is received from the RFID transceiver onto at least a first differential pair of conductors of the at least one Ethernet cable, and a second coupling circuit is provided that is configured to couple the RFID interrogation signal from the first differential pair of conductors of the at least one Ethernet cable to the RFID tag.
In some embodiments, the first differential pair of conductors of the at least one Ethernet cable comprises one of four differential pair of conductors that are included in the Ethernet cable(s) that are electrically connected to first and second of a plurality of spring contacts of the first RJ-45 connector port. The first coupling circuit may be configured to couple at least a portion of the RFID interrogation signal onto the first differential pair of conductors as a common mode signal or as a phantom mode signal. The first coupling circuit may be a resonant coupling circuit that is directly wired to the conductors of a first differential pair of conductors of the first connector port, where the first differential pair of conductors of the first connector port are electrically connected to the first differential pair of conductors of the Ethernet cable.
In some embodiments, the RFID interrogation signal may be outside the Ethernet spectrum. The RFID tag may include a memory circuit that includes a unique identifier stored therein as an encrypted identifier. The Ethernet cable may include a plug that has an antenna for transmitting the RFID interrogation signal that is coupled to the first differential pair of conductors of the Ethernet cable. In such embodiments, the RFID tag may include an RFID antenna.
Pursuant to still further embodiments of the present invention, communications connectors are provided that include a first conductive path that connects a first input port of the connector to a first output port of the connector, a second conductive path that connects a second input port of the connector to a second output port of the connector, a resonant coupling network that is coupled to the first and second conductive paths, and an RFID transmission device that is coupled to the resonant coupling network.
In some embodiments, the first and second conductive paths may be configured as a first differential pair of conductive paths that is configured to carry a differential signal. The communications connector may be an RJ-45 jack that includes second third and fourth differential pairs of conductive paths. The RFID transmission device may be an RFID tag or an RFID transceiver. The resonant coupling network may be directly wired to the RFID transmission device. The resonant coupling network may be configured to couple a signal from the RFID transmission device to the first and second conductive paths as a common mode signal.
Pursuant to yet additional embodiments of the present invention, methods of providing identification information for a communications connector are provided in which an RFID interrogation signal is transmitted from an RFID transceiver to a remote connector port that includes an associated RFID tag via a resonant coupling network that couples the RFID interrogation signal onto at least one pair of conductors of an Ethernet cable. A responsive RFID signal is thereafter received from the RFID tag via the resonant coupling circuit and the Ethernet cable.
In some embodiments, the RFID transceiver may be co-located with a local connector port, and the Ethernet cable may be at least part of an Ethernet cabling connection that extends between the local connector port and the remote connector port. The RFID interrogation signal may be transmitted over the Ethernet cabling connection. The RFID interrogation signal may be transmitted as a phantom mode signal that is carried on at least first and second differential pairs of conductors of the Ethernet cabling connection. The RFID interrogation signal may be coupled from the Ethernet cabling connection to the RFID tag via a second resonant circuit. The RFID interrogation signal and/or the responsive RFID signal may be differential signals.
Pursuant to still more embodiments of the present invention, communications connectors are provided that are configured to be inserted into a connector port on a device that have a housing that has a plug end that includes a plurality of plug blades and a jack end that includes a plurality of spring contacts. The plug end of the housing is configured to lock into place within a plug aperture of the connector port on the device. These connectors further include a plurality of conductive paths within the housing, each of which connects a respective one of the plug blades to a respective one of the spring contacts, wherein the conductive paths are arranged as a plurality of differential pairs of conductive paths. The connectors also include an RFID tag and a coupling circuit that electrically connects the RFID tag to at least one of the differential pairs of conductive paths.
Pursuant to embodiments of the present invention, methods and systems (and related equipment) for automatically tracking cabling connections in a communications system are provided in which RFID tags are installed at the connector ports of the communications system. In order to track cabling connections in these communications systems, one or more RFID transceivers may be used to transmit RFID interrogation signals over the cabling to excite the RFID tags at various of the connector ports of the communications system. In response to these RFID interrogation signals, the RFID tags may emit responsive RFID signals that are transmitted back to an RFID transceiver over the cabling. The responsive RFID signals may include, for example, unique identifiers that identify the connector ports that are associated with each RFID tag. These identifiers may be used to identify or “track” patching connections between patch panel connector ports and/or to track horizontal cabling connections between patch panel connector ports and work area outlets.
Both the RFID interrogation signals and the responsive RFID signals (which are collectively referred to herein as “RFID control signals”) that are used to identify a cabling connection between two connector ports may be transmitted over one or more of the differential pair of conductors of the communications cabling that extends between the two connector ports. The RFID control signals may be coupled to and from the differential pair(s) in a variety of different ways, including capacitive coupling, inductive coupling and/or by using a resonant coupling network.
The RFID control signals may be transmitted over the conductive paths that carry the underlying network traffic. Various different techniques may be used to isolate the RFID control signals from the underlying network traffic. For example, in some embodiments, the RFID control signals may be transmitted outside the frequency band that is used to carry the underlying network traffic in order to reduce and/or minimize interference between the RFID control signals and the network traffic. In other embodiments, the RFID control signals may be transmitted over one of the differential pairs that is included within the cabling as a common mode signal (i.e., as the part of a signal transmitted between two devices over the conductors of a pair that is extracted by taking the voltage average of the signals carried on the conductors of the pair). As the differential signal is extracted from the differential pair by taking the difference between the signals carried by the two conductors, the common mode RFID control signal is removed by this subtraction process, and hence theoretically does not interfere with the differential signal. Likewise, since the equal but opposite components of the differential signal cancel out during the averaging process used to recover the common mode signal, the differential signal does not (theoretically) interfere with the common mode signal. In still further embodiments, the RFID control signals may be transmitted over two or more of the twisted pairs in the cabling as so-called “phantom mode” signals. A phantom mode signal refers to a differential signal whose positive and negative components are each transmitted as a common mode signal on at least one pair of conductors (and hence is transmitted over at least four conductors). As phantom mode signals use common mode signalling techniques, phantom mode signals likewise do not (theoretically) interfere with differential network traffic signals that may be simultaneously transmitted over the pairs. In still other embodiments, the conductive paths may be sensed, and the RFID control signal may only be transmitted during time periods when there is no underlying network traffic. Thus, one or more of a variety of different techniques may be used according to embodiments of the present invention to isolate the RFID control signals from the underlying network traffic that is carried over the same conductors.
As the RFID control signals may be transmitted on the same conductive paths that carry the underlying network traffic, in some embodiments of the present invention, standard cabling and patch cords may be used, which can reduce the overall costs of these solutions and increase the convenience of the solution to customers. Moreover, as RFID tags are passive devices that draw their operating power from the RFID interrogation signals, the connector ports according to embodiments of the present invention may not require a separate power source. As such, the intelligent tracking capabilities may be extended to connector ports that do not have power connections such as most modular wall jacks in the work areas.
The methods and systems disclosed herein may be used to track patching connections between two patch panel fields (i.e., in cross-connect patching systems) and/or may be used to track horizontal cabling connections between a patch panel field and a plurality of work area outlets. Additionally, in some embodiments, “interposer” connectors and/or customized patch cords may be used that may allow tracking patch cord connections between a plurality of patch panels and a plurality of network switches (i.e., in inter-connect patching systems) and even to track connections all the way to end devices in the work area and/or in the computer room.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in
A first equipment rack 30 is provided in the computer room 14. A plurality of patch panels 32 are mounted on the first equipment rack 30. Each patch panel 32 includes a plurality of connector ports 34. Each cable 28 from the wall jacks 24 in the work area 12 is terminated onto the back end of one of the connector ports 34 of one of the patch panels 32. In
A rack controller 36 may also be mounted on the first equipment rack 30. The rack controller 36 may include a central processing unit (“CPU”) 38 and a display 39. The rack controller 36 may be interconnected with rack controllers that are provided on other patch panel equipment racks of the communications system (only two such rack controllers 36 are shown in the example of
The communications patching system 10 further includes a second set of patch panels 32′ that are mounted on a second equipment rack 30′. Each patch panel 32′ includes a plurality of connector ports 34′, and a rack controller 36 may also be mounted on the second equipment rack 30′. A first set of patch cords 50 is used to interconnect the connector ports 34 on the patch panels 32 to respective ones of connector ports 34′ on the patch panels 32′.
As is further shown in
As will be discussed in more detail below, the RFID signalling techniques according to embodiments of the present invention may be used to automatically determine and/or confirm patching connections between the patch panels mounted on the first equipment rack 30 and the patch panels mounted on the second equipment rack 30′ of
Herein, the term “Ethernet cable” refers to a cable that includes at least four twisted pairs of insulated conductors, where each twisted pair is configured to carry a differential signal and is suitable for use as a transmission medium for computer communications. The term “Ethernet cabling connection” refers to one or more Ethernet cables and any intervening connectors that define a channel between two connectors (or end devices). Thus, for example, in the cross-connect system of
Referring to
An exemplary patch cord 130 is depicted in
As is also shown in
The processor 117 may be any suitable microprocessor, controller, application specific integrated circuit or the like. The processor 117 may control various control signalling operations that are used to identify cabling connections that run through the connector ports 111-113 on patch panel 110. The processor 117 may be in communication with processor 38 of
The RFID transceiver 118 may be any appropriate RFID transceiver that is configured to, for example, generate an RFID interrogation signal that may be used to excite an RFID tag. The RFID transceiver 118 may also receive and/or read a responsive RFID signal that is transmitted by an RFID tag in response to an RFID interrogation signal. The RFID transceiver 118 may generate an RFID interrogation signal in response to a control signal from the processor 117. The RFID interrogation signal that is generated by the RFID transceiver 118 in response to such a control signal may be passed to the multiplexer 119, The RFID transceiver 118 may also receive responsive RFID signals that are passed to the RFID transceiver 118 through the multiplexer 119. The RFID transceiver 118 may pass data that is embedded in any received responsive RFID signals to the processor 117.
The multiplexer 119 may receive RFID interrogation signals from the RFID transceiver 118 and pass those RFID interrogation signals to a selected one of a plurality of coupling circuits 114, 115, 116. The multiplexer 119 may likewise receive responsive RFID signals that are extracted from the respective channels at the coupling circuits 114, 115, 116 and pass these signal to the RFID transceiver 118. The multiplexer 119 may comprise, for example, an analog multiplexer that is configured to pass signals in the frequency ranges of the RFID control signals discussed herein. In some embodiments, the multiplexer 119 may be replaced with a switching circuit. Various examples of switching circuits that may be used to selectively connect an RFID transceiver to the connector ports on a patch panel in place of the multiplexer 119 of
The coupling circuits 114, 115, 116 are provided to couple RFID control signals between the RFID signalling circuitry 117, 118, 119 and the respective channels that run through connector ports 111, 112, 113. For example, an RFID interrogation signal that is generated by RFID transceiver 118 may be routed by the multiplexer 119 to an output thereof that is connected to, for example, coupling circuit 114. The appropriate output of the multiplexer 119 is selected based on a control signal that is provided to the multiplexer 119 from the processor 117. The coupling circuit 114 couples the RFID interrogation signal that is received from the multiplexer 119 onto one of the differential pairs of conductors of the channel that passes through connector port 111. In some embodiments, the RFID interrogation signal may be coupled as a phantom mode control signal that is coupled onto two (or more) of the four differential pairs of conductive paths through the connector port 111. The coupling circuits 114, 115, 116 likewise are used to extract responsive RFID signals from the channel that are transmitted by an RFID tag in response to an RFID interrogation signal so that these signals may be passed to the RFID transceiver 118 via the multiplexer 119. Exemplary coupling circuits are discussed below with reference to
As is further shown in
The RFID tags 127-129 may each comprise a small integrated circuit chip that is mounted, for example, within or adjacent to its respective connector port 121-123. The RFID tags 127-129 may each have a computer memory in which data may be stored specifically including, for example, a unique identifier. The RFID tags 127-129 are designed to receive an RFID interrogation signal from the RFID transceiver 118 (or another RFID transceiver) which is used to energize or “excite” the RFID tag 127-129. When excited, the RFID tags 127-129 transmit a responsive signal that may include the data (e.g., the unique identifier) that is stored in the memory of the RFID tag 127-129. The RFID tags 127-129 may not require a separate power source, as they may be designed to use the energy from the received RFID interrogation signal to transmit the responsive RFID signal. As will be discussed in greater detail herein, the RFID tags 127-129 may differ from many conventional RFID tags in that they may be designed to be energized via a hard-wired (as opposed to wireless) connection, and as they may transmit their responsive signal over the hard-wired connection.
Referring to
In some embodiments, the RFID interrogation signal may be transmitted at a frequency that is outside the frequency band used to transmit the regular network traffic that is carried by the communication system. In particular, as known to those of skill in the art, Ethernet signals according to the IEEE 802.3 series are transmitted at frequencies between 0.15 and 800 MHz with a 3 dB roll-off at approximately 400 MHz for a 10 Gigabit/second Ethernet signal (“the Ethernet spectrum”). The upper and lower frequency limits of the Ethernet spectrum are subject to change as the relevant standards evolve. In order to reduce possible interference between the RFID interrogation signal and the underlying network traffic that is carried as differential signals on the channels of the communications system, the RFID interrogation signals may be transmitted, for example, at frequencies below 0.15 MHz (e.g., at about 140 kHz) or at frequencies above 400 MHz (e.g., at frequencies of about 800 MHz). However, at frequencies below 0.15 MHz, the supportable data rate for the RFID control signals may be low, and mode conversion and/or attenuation may increase substantially at frequencies above 400 MHz. Thus, it will be appreciated that, in other embodiments, the RFID interrogation signal may be transmitted as common mode or phantom mode signals at frequencies that are within the Ethernet spectrum, and the inherent isolation between common mode/phantom mode signals and underlying differential information signals (or other appropriate isolation techniques) may be relied upon for keeping interference between the RFID interrogation signal and the underlying information signals at acceptable levels. In still further embodiments, the RFID interrogation signal may be transmitted within the Ethernet spectrum, but only during time periods where there is no underlying network traffic on the channel.
The RFID interrogation signal that is received at the connector port 111 is next coupled onto the channel that runs through connector port 111 (block 145). Coupling circuit 114 in
The coupling circuit 114 may couple or “inject” the RFID interrogation signal onto one or more of the eight conductive paths that run through connector port 111 (which, as noted above, are configured as four differential pairs of conductive paths). In some embodiments, the RFID interrogation signal may be injected as a common mode signal onto, for example, one of the differential pairs of conductive paths. In other embodiments, the RFID interrogation signal may be injected as a phantom mode signal that has a first component that is transmitted over a first of the differential pairs of conductive paths as a common mode signal and a second component—that has a polarity that is opposite the first component—that is transmitted as a common mode signal over a second of the differential pairs of conductive paths. As noted above, when a signal such as an RFID interrogation signal is transmitted on one or more differential pairs of conductors using common mode or phantom mode signalling techniques, the common mode/phantom mode signal theoretically should not interfere with any underlying differential information signals that are being transmitted over the differential pair(s). In still other embodiments, the RFID interrogation signal may be transmitted at a frequency that is outside the frequency range of the regular network traffic that is carried by the communication system 100 and/or during time periods when no network traffic is present on the channel. Accordingly, in each of the above-described embodiments, the RFID interrogation signal may be transmitted over a channel simultaneously with any data signals that are transmitted over the channel.
Once the RFID interrogation signal is injected into the channel at the first connector port 111, it will be transmitted over the patch cord 130 to the second connector port 122 (block 150). The RFID interrogation signal is extracted from the channel at the second connector port 122 using the coupling circuit 125 which, in turn, provides the RFID interrogation signal to the RFID tag 128 (block 155). The coupling circuit 125 may be implemented, for example, using any of the circuits described herein that may be used to implement coupling circuit 114.
The RFID interrogation signal is designed to excite the RFID tag 128. As described above, when an RFID tag 128 is excited, it is configured to emit a responsive RFID signal. This responsive RFID signal may include information that is stored in a memory of the RFID tag 128. In some embodiments, the memory of the RFID tag 128 may include a unique identifier that identifies the second connector port 122. The memory may also include other information such as, for example, location information for the second connector port 122. Thus, in response to the RFID interrogation signal, the RFID tag 128 transmits a responsive RFID signal that includes the unique identifier from the memory of the RFID tag 128 to the second connector port 122 (block 160).
The responsive RFID signal may be coupled onto one or more of the four differential pairs of conductive paths of the second connector port 122 (block 165). In some embodiments, the responsive RFID signal may be coupled as a common mode signal onto, for example, one of the differential pairs of conductive paths. In other embodiments, the responsive RFID signal may be coupled as a phantom mode signal onto two of the differential pairs of conductive paths. In still other embodiments, the responsive RFID signal may be coupled as a differential signal onto one of the differential pairs of conductive paths, where the frequency of the responsive RFID signal is outside the frequency range of the regular network traffic that is carried by the communication system 100 (i.e., outside the Ethernet spectrum) and/or during time periods when no regular network traffic is present on the channel. In each of these cases, the responsive RFID signal should not substantially interfere with any underlying differential information signals that are being transmitted over the channel.
Once the responsive RFID signal is injected onto the conductive paths of the second connector port 122, it passes to the corresponding conductive paths of the first connector port 111 over the conductors of the patch cord 130 (block 170). The responsive RFID signal is then extracted from the channel at the first connector port 111 by the coupling circuit 114 and provided to the RFID transceiver 118 via the multiplexer 119 (block 175).
In some cases, multiple responsive RFID signals may be received at the RFID transceiver 118 from the channel that runs between the first connector port 111 and the second connector port 122 (block 180). This may occur, for example, because a responsive RFID signal from another channel may couple into the channel at issue (e.g., by coupling from one patch cord to an adjacent patch cord when a plurality of patch cords are bundled together). If multiple responsive RFID signals are received, the RFID transceiver 118 may select the responsive RFID signal that has the largest received signal strength as being the signal that was forwarded from the second connector port 122 (block 185), as signals that are capacitively or inductively coupled though, for example, the cabling should have significantly lower received signal strengths. Next, the unique identifier in the responsive RFID signal (or of the selected responsive RFID signal, if multiple responsive RFID signals are received) is used to identify the patch cord connection between connector ports 111 and 122, and this connection may be logged in a connectivity database (block 190). Operations for identifying the patching connection between the first connector port 111 and the second connector port 122 may then be completed.
A number of approaches have been proposed for using RFID tags to track cabling connections in communications systems. Examples of such approaches are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,002,331, 7,170,393 and 7,605,707. The approaches for identifying patching and horizontal cabling connections described herein differ significantly from these other proposed approaches. In particular, the other proposed approaches typically embed an RFID tag in each plug of the patch cords of a communications system (where the RFID tags on each end of a given patch cord include the same identifier). One or more RFID transceivers are mounted on each patch panel, and various RFID antenna arrangements have been proposed which may be used to wirelessly transmit RFID interrogation signals to the RFID tags in any plugs that are connected to the patch panel and to receive responsive RFID signals that are transmitted by these RFID tags and forward the received signals to the RFID transceiver. By sending out a series of RFID interrogation signals, these systems can identify the specific patch cord plug that is inserted into each connector port on the patch panel. If such tracking is done at each patch panel in the communications system, the patch cord connections between the various patch panel connector ports may be identified.
In contrast to these previously proposed approaches, embodiments of the present invention associate each RFID tag with a specific connector port as opposed to with a patch cord plug. As a result, the need for specialized patch cords that have RFID tags embedded therein may be eliminated in various of the embodiments disclosed herein. Moreover, as the RFID tags are located at the connector ports as opposed to in the patch cord plugs, the communications systems according to embodiments of the present invention may track cabling connections through horizontal cabling connections (which typically do not include plugs), thereby allowing tracking of connections into the work areas. Additionally, as the RFID control signals are transmitted using the cabling as a transmission media as opposed to the air interface used in prior approaches, the possibility of false positives that may occur in the prior approaches when an RFID antenna associated with a first connector port excites an RFID tag on a plug that is inserted within an adjacent connector port may be reduced or eliminated. Moreover, the use of the cabling as a transmission medium for the RFID control signals allows using RFID transceivers that are located at one location (e.g., within a computer room) to interrogate RFID tags that are located at remote locations (e.g., at work area outlets or even at work area end devices).
As noted above, embodiments of the present invention may use coupling circuits such as circuits 114-116 and 124-126 of
Turning first to
The RFID transmission device 195 may be configured to transmit and receive either single-ended or differential RFID control signals. If configured to transmit/receive single-ended RFID control signals, then the RFID transmission device 195 will include a single output port 196, while if configured to transmit/receive differential RFID control signals, then the RFID transmission device 195 will include a pair of output ports 196, 197. The coupling circuit 200 may have a single input port 201 (if the RFID transmission device 195 is a single-ended device) or a pair of input ports 201, 202 (if the RFID transmission device 195 outputs differential RFID control signals).
The coupling circuit 200 further includes a pair of output ports 203, 204. If the coupling circuit 200 is designed to operate on single-ended RFID control signals, then the coupling circuit 200 is configured to pass a single-ended control signal that is received at input port 201 to both of the output ports 203, 204. If, instead, the coupling circuit 200 is designed to operate on differential RFID control signals, then the coupling circuit 200 is configured to pass the first component of a differential RFID control signal (or some portion thereof) that is received at input port 201 to the output port 203, and to pass the second component of the differential RFID control signal (or some portion thereof) that is received at input port 202 to the output port 204. As shown in
As is further shown in
Most RFID transceivers are single-ended devices that output single-ended RFID interrogation signals, and that receive single-ended RFID control signals. As discussed above with respect to
As will be discussed below with respect to
It will also be appreciated that the RFID tags that are used in embodiments of the present invention may or may not be designed to have an appropriate output impedance such as a 100 ohm impedance. Thus, as illustrated in
As noted above, the coupling circuit 200 may couple the RFID control signals to and from the channel in a variety of different ways, including via resonant coupling, capacitive coupling and/or inductive coupling.
As shown in
As shown in
As is further shown in
The plate 370 and the contact pads 361 and 262 are separated by a layer of the printed circuit board 359. These components together form a pair of capacitors that may be used to capacitively couple a portion of an RFID control signal to and/or from the respective first and second conductors of one of the four differential pairs of conductive paths that run through the connector port 350. In particular, the plate 370 and the contact pad 361 form a first capacitor that is disposed between the RFID transmission device 195 (see
The plate 380 and the contact pads 363 and 364 are also separated by a layer of the printed circuit board 359. These components together form another pair of capacitors that may be used to capacitively couple a portion of a differential RFID control signal to and/or from the respective first and second conductors of a second of the differential pairs of conductive paths that run through the connector port 350. In particular, the plate 380 and the contact pad 363 form a third capacitor that is disposed between the RFID transmission device 195 and the seventh conductive path through the connector port 350, and the plate 380 and the contact pad 364 together form a fourth capacitor that is disposed between the RFID transmission device 195 and the eighth conductive path through the connector port 350. Thus, the first pair of capacitors formed by elements 370, 361, 362 and the second pair of capacitors formed by elements 380, 363, 364, along with their corresponding electrical connections (e.g., traces 372, 382 and posts 374, 384) together form the capacitive coupling circuit 360 that may be used to couple differential RFID control signals between the RFID transmission device 195 and differential pairs 2 and 4 of the connector port 350. In the embodiment of
A differential RFID control signal may be coupled as a phantom mode signal onto the conductive paths of pairs 2 and 4 of connector port 350 from the RFID transmission device 195 as follows. A first component of the RFID control signal (e.g., the positive component) is passed from the RFID transmission device 195 to the conductive plate 370, and the second component of the RFID control signal (e.g., the negative component) is passed from the RFID transmission device 195 to the conductive plate 380. A portion of the first component of the RFID control signal is capacitively coupled from the conductive plate 370 through the dielectric substrate of printed circuit board 359 to the contact pads 361 and 362, and a portion of the second component of the RFID control signal is capacitively coupled from the conductive plate 380 through the dielectric substrate of printed circuit board 359 to the contact pads 363 and 364. When a plug is received within the plug aperture (not shown) of the connector port 350, the plug blades press the spring contacts 351-358 downwardly so that the distal ends of spring contacts 351, 352, 357, 358 make firm mechanical and electrical contact with their respective mating contact pads 361-364. When this occurs, the first component of the differential RFID control signal passes from the contact pad 361 to spring contact 351 and from the contact pad 362 to spring contact 352, thereby injecting the first component of the differential RFID control signal onto the conductive paths of pair 2 as a common mode signal. Likewise, the second component of the differential RFID control signal passes from the contact pad 363 to spring contact 357 and from the contact pad 364 to spring contact 358, thereby injecting the second component of the differential RFID control signal onto the conductive paths of pair 4 as a common mode signal. In this manner, a reduced magnitude version of the first component of the RFID control signal (e.g., a magnitude that is reduced by 70 dB) is transferred from plate 370 to the spring contacts of pair 2, and a reduced magnitude version of the second component of the RFID control signal (e.g., a magnitude that is reduced by 70 dB) is transferred from plate 380 to the spring contacts of pair 4.
The coupling circuit 360 may likewise be used to extract phantom mode RFID control signals from pairs 2 and 4 of the conductive paths of connector port 350 and pass the extracted RFID control signal to the RFID transmission device 195. As the process is identical except that the direction of transmission of the RFID control signals is reversed, description of this reverse coupling process will be omitted.
As shown in
As shown in
The RFID interrogation signal that is injected onto the conductive paths of connector port 422 passes to the conductors of a patch cord 421 that extends between connector port 422 on patch panel 420 and connector port 432 on patch panel 430. As shown in
The portion of the RFID interrogation signal that is passed to the RFID tag 436 energizes the RFID tag 436. When energized, the RFID tag 436 emits a responsive RFID signal that includes, for example, some or all of the information stored in the RFID tag memory, specifically including the unique identifier. The differential responsive RFID signal is passed to the coupling circuit 434 where it is injected onto one or more of the differential pairs of connector port 432. The responsive RFID signal is then passed over the patch cord 421 back to connector port 422 of patch panel 420. At the connector port 422, the responsive RFID signal is passed from the one or more differential pairs of connector port 422 to the coupling circuit 424, where it is passed to the RFID transceiver 428 via the multiplexer 426, The RFID transceiver 428 receives the responsive RFID signal and extracts the unique identifier and any other data that is included in the responsive RFID signal. This unique identifier is passed to the processor 429, thereby notifying the processor 429 that a patching connection exists between connector port 422 and connector port 432. The processor 429 may provide this information to, for example, a rack manager (e.g., rack manager 36 of
Once the RFID interrogation signal is injected into the channel 400 that runs through the connector port 422, the RFID interrogation signal will pass along the entire length of the channel 400. Consequently, the RFID interrogation signal will also pass through the patch panel connector port 432 and over the horizontal cable 431 to the wall jack 440, and will then pass over the patch cord 441 to the interposer 454 that is mounted on the end device connector port 452. Likewise, the RFID interrogation signal will pass in the other direction over the patch cord 411 that connects patch panel connector port 422 to the interposer 414 mounted in the switch connector port 412. The interposers 414 and 454 are special connectors that each convert a standard connector port into a connector port that works in conjunction with one of the coupling circuits according to embodiments of the present invention. The design and operation of an exemplary interposer is discussed below with reference to
Focusing first on the RFID interrogation signal that travels over horizontal cable 431, this signal will enter the wall jack 440 where a portion of it is coupled from the channel by the coupling circuit 442. The coupling circuit 442 is electrically connected to an RFID tag 444 that has memory that may include, for example, a unique identifier and location information for the wall jack 440. The portion of the RFID interrogation signal that is passed to the RFID tag 444 energizes the RFID tag 444 so that it emits a responsive RFID signal that includes, for example, some or all of the information stored in the RFID tag memory, specifically including the unique identifier. The responsive RFID signal is passed back to the coupling circuit 442 where it is injected onto one or more of the differential pairs of conductive paths running through the wall jack 440. The responsive RFID signal will pass over the horizontal cable 431 and the patch cord 421 back to the connector port 422 on patch panel 420. At the connector port 422, the responsive RFID signal is passed from the differential pair(s) of conductive paths of connector port 422 to the coupling circuit 424, where it is passed to the RFID transceiver 428 via the multiplexer 426. The RFID transceiver 428 receives the responsive RFID signal and extracts the unique identifier for wall jack 440 therefrom. This unique identifier is passed to the processor 429, thereby notifying the processor 429 that connector port 422 is also connected to the wall jack 440. The processor 429 may provide this information to, for example, a rack manager (e.g., rack manager 36 of
The RFID interrogation signal will also travel over patch cord 441 to the interposer 454 that is inserted into the end device connector port 452, and will likewise travel from connector port 422 on patch panel 420 over the cable 411 to the interposer 414 that is inserted into the switch connector port 412. The RFID interrogation signal will be coupled from the coupling circuits 456 and 416 to the RFID tags 458 and 418, respectively, which will in turn each generate a responsive RFID signal that is injected back into the channel and received by the RFID transceiver 428. The manner in which the interposers 414 and 454 may be used to inject and extract RFID control signals to and from a channel will be described in detail below with reference to
Note that in the above-described embodiment, a single RFID interrogation signal can energize multiple RFID tags at approximately the same time (e.g., RFID tags 436, 444, 418 and 458 in the example of
For example, in some embodiments, the above-described arbitration capability may be provided by using specialized RFID tags that support an arbitration procedure. The arbitration procedure can, for example, provide a method ensuring that only one RFID tag that is coupled to a particular channel transmits information at a time and/or provide a way of obtaining the unique identification codes even when multiple RFID tags transmit information simultaneously. In particular, in some embodiments, RFID tags may be used that are designed to automatically perform an arbitration procedure when multiple RFID tags are excited at the same time by an RFID transceiver. If such RFID tags are used, the RFID transceiver may issue a command that takes the RFID tags out of transponder talk first mode. The RFID transceiver then issues a command that causes each RFID tag to transmit its unique identification code at a well defined rate, such that each RFID tag transmits each bit of its identification code at the same time that the other RFID tags are transmitting the corresponding bit of their identification codes. At some point, the identification bits being transmitted by the multiple RFID tags will not all match. This will be recognized by the RFID transceiver as a “collision,” and the RFID transceiver will then transmit an instruction telling only the RFID tags that were transmitting, for example, a “1” when the collision occurred to continue sending the remainder of their identification bits. Each time a subsequent collision occurs, the RFID transceiver transmits another instruction that commands only the RFID tags that were transmitting, for example, a “1” to continue transmitting. This process continues until only a single RFID tag is transmitting and that tag has transmitted its full unique identification code. The RFID transceiver then returns to a previous branch point (i.e., a point where an instruction was transmitted) and takes a different path (i.e., if the previous instruction commanded only the RFID tags transmitting a “1” to continue transmitting, then the “different path” would be an instruction commanding only the RFID tags transmitting a “0” to continue transmitting) to obtain another unique identification code. This process continues until the RFID transceiver has a complete list of the unique identification codes of each excited RFID tag. It will be appreciated that various other techniques may be used to address the potential problem of multiple RFID tags transmitting responsive signals at the same time such as, for example, assigning each RFID tag a particular time slot in a time division multiple access communication scheme or the use of a frequency division multiple access scheme. Other procedures and techniques may also be used.
Thus, as described above with respect to
It may also be desirable to automatically track the identity of the end devices that are coupled to a particular channel. By way of example, if the end devices are automatically tracked, then it may be possible to have security measures in place that automatically disable network switch connector ports when an unauthorized device is connected to a channel. As another example, when end devices are automatically tracked, the communications system can be designed to automatically reconfigure virtual local area networks upon sensing the connection of an authorized end device in order to provision pre-defined services to the newly-connected end device.
Unfortunately, the end devices that typically connected to communications systems of the type described herein are manufactured by a large number of manufacturers, and hence it is unlikely that these manufacturers would all agree to include coupling circuits on the connector ports of these end devices that could be used to inject and extract RFID control signals from the channel and to further include RFID tags for their devices. As such, the connector ports on most if not all end devices will not allow discovery of information regarding the end device. To address this potential shortcoming, interposer communications connectors are provided that may be used on network switches and/or work area end devices to facilitate automatically tracking patching connections and/or automatically identifying end devices according to certain embodiments of the present invention.
Referring first to
Turning to
Moreover, to prevent a particular interposer 500 from being removed from one end device and placed on another end device (which would result in misidentification of the end device), the plug portion of each interposer 500 may include a locking mechanism that a network administrator may use to lock the interposer 500 into a connector port on an end device. This locking mechanism may be designed such that it is difficult (or impossible) for someone without an unlocking key to remove the interposer 500 from an end device without damaging the interposer 500 and rendering it inoperable. For example, a locking mechanism such as the locking mechanism disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0136809 may be used.
The interposer 500 preferably should be nearly invisible electrically so that the inclusion of the interposer 500 does not appear as another connection in the channel. This may be accomplished, for example, by designing different interposers 500 for use with different end devices, where the interposer 500 is specifically tuned to provide a high degree of crosstalk cancellation and low return losses when used in the connector port on the end device at issue.
Pursuant to still further embodiments of the present invention, customized patch cords may be used instead of interposers to track patching connections to end devices that have standardized connector ports that do not include the coupling circuits or RFID tags that are used in embodiments of the present invention. These customized patch cords may be used, for example, to track patching connections in inter-connect communications systems.
As shown in
As shown in
The RFID transceiver 118 on patch panel 110 transmits an RFID interrogation signal over the patch cord 550 in the exact same manner that an RFID interrogation signal is transmitted over patch cord 130 in the communications system of
In particular, when the RFID interrogation signal reaches the second plug 554, a portion thereof is extracted from the channel by the coupling circuit 556, which feeds this RFID interrogation signal to the antenna 558. The antenna 558 transmits this RFID interrogation signal wirelessly to the RFID antenna 579 on the label 577 that is associated with connector port 572. The RFID antenna 579 passes this RFID interrogation signal to its associated RFID tag 578, The RFID tag 578 is excited by the received RFID interrogation signal and, in turn, emits a responsive RFID signal that includes a unique identifier that is stored in the memory of RFID tag 578. This responsive RFID signal is passed to the RFID antenna 579, which transmits the responsive RFID signal to the antenna 558 on patch cord 550. The responsive RFID signal is passed by the coupling circuit 556 onto the channel of patch cord 550, where it can then pass to the RFID transceiver 118 on patch panel 110 in the same manner described above with respect to
The antenna 558 and/or the RFID antennas 576, 579, 582 may be designed so that the signals that they transmit are transmitted directionally and/or for a very short distance, in order to ensure that only a single responsive RFID signal will be received by the antenna 558 in response to an RFID interrogation signal that is transmitted by antenna 558. Suitable RFID antenna designs that will achieve this are disclosed, for example, in the above-referenced U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/871,448.
As noted above, signal attenuation increases with increasing frequency. Accordingly, when RFID control signals are used that are at frequencies above the Ethernet spectrum, signal attenuation may raise challenges, particularly in communications systems that have long cabling runs (e.g., cabling runs exceeding 100 meters) or communications systems that reactively (as opposed to resonantly) couple the RFID control signals to and from the channels of the communications system. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the RFID control signals can inject higher magnitude RFID control signals, specifically including signals having magnitudes that exceed the magnitudes permitted for Ethernet signals under the above-referenced Category 5, 5E, 6 and 6a standards. These higher magnitude RFID control signals may be used because significant isolation may be provided between the RFID control signals and the underlying network traffic by frequency separation, time separation and/or by use of common mode or phantom mode signalling techniques.
Pursuant to further embodiments of the present invention, the transmit power used for the RFID interrogation signals may be adjusted in order to reduce or minimize parasitic responses from RFID tags that are on channels other than the channel on which an RFID interrogation signal was transmitted. Such parasitic responses may arise because of unwanted coupling between channels that can occur when connector ports are located in very close proximity (which is typically the case with patch panels, network switches, and some multi-socket modular wall jacks) and/or when patch cords or horizontal communications cables are bundled together. In some embodiments, the power level of the RFID interrogation signals may be set to be sufficiently high such that the RFID interrogation signal can energize each RFID tag on its channel, and so that the responsive RFID signals from the RFID tags have sufficient magnitude to be detected by the RFID transceiver, yet preferably not be so high that the RFID interrogation signal gives rise to parasitic responsive RFID signals and/or interferes too much with underlying network traffic.
In some embodiments, the magnitude of the RFID interrogation signals may be adaptively adjusted. For example, in some embodiments, the RFID transceiver may transmit a series of RFID interrogation signals having increasing magnitudes until a responsive RFID signal is received from an RFID tag associated with a particular connector port along the channel. The specific methodology used to adaptively adjust the power level of the RFID interrogation signal may depend on the configuration of the system (e.g., a different methodology may be used depending upon the number of RFID tags that may potentially be provided on a given channel). For purposes of illustration, the flow chart of
As shown in
Pursuant to further embodiments of the present invention, RFID interrogation systems are provided that may make use of new variations of the Ethernet standard that define energy efficient Ethernet (IEEE 802.3az). In this new flavour of the IEEE 802.3 standard, the Ethernet transmitters are turned off when no data needs to be send, which will reduce the interference. In systems that transmit according to the IEEE 802.3az standard, the RFID transceivers according to embodiments of the present invention may transmit control signals in the gaps between the regular network traffic, and hence may transmit at lower power levels and avoid interfering with the regular network traffic. Moreover, the RFID control signals could be transmitted using the spectrum that the regular network traffic usually occupies.
Returning again to
As explained above, each RFID tag may be read from a remote location (e.g., from each patch panel). Additionally, the RFID tags may also be accessed locally. By way of example, a portable interrogation device may have a patch cord attached thereto that may be plugged into work area connector ports. The portable device may include an RFID transceiver that transmits an RFID interrogation signal onto the patch cord. The RFID interrogation signal is passed from the patch cord onto the channel in the manner described above where it excites the RFID tag in the work area connector port. The RFID tag generates a responsive RFID signal that is injected into the channel and then extracted from the channel at the connector port of the portable device (which may be a connector port according to embodiments of the present invention).
In some embodiments, such a portable interrogation device may also be used to program information into the RFID tags (e.g., at the remote connector ports) when a communications system is first installed. For example, the portable device may be connected to a tablet personal computer or other processing device. The tablet personal computer may be used to program information into the memory of the RFID tag such as, for example, location information specifying the location of the connector port at issue. Thus, once the connector ports in a building are installed, a technician can use the above-referenced portable device and tablet computer to program location information into each RFID tag.
Pursuant to still further embodiments of the present invention, work area outlets may optionally include an RFID antenna that is connected in parallel to the RFID tag. This RFID antenna may be used to wirelessly read information from, or write information to, the RFID tag. Hence, by providing the RFID antenna, a technician may wirelessly read information from, or program information into, each RFID tag, thereby avoiding the need to plug a patch cord of a portable device into each work area outlet.
As shown in
When connector ports are provided that have the design of work area outlet 600, portable devices (not shown) may be used that include an RFID transceiver and an antenna to wirelessly excite the RFID tag 620 that is associated with outlet 600. In particular, the RFID transceiver of the portable device may transmit an RFID interrogation signal through an antenna of the portable device. This RFID interrogation signal may be received by the RFID antenna 630 that is hard-wired to the RFID tag 620, and the received RFID interrogation signal may be used to excite the RFID tag 620. Once excited, the RFID tag 620 generates a responsive RFID signal that is transmitted by the RFID antenna 630. This responsive RFID signal may be received by the antenna on the portable device and passed to the RFID transceiver thereof.
The portable device may likewise be used to place the RFID tag into a program mode in order to download information (e.g., a unique identifier, location information, etc.) into the memory of the RFID tag. By providing a wireless link it may be possible for technicians to more quickly program information into the memories of the RFID tags 620 mounted on the work area outlets 600.
In some embodiments, each of the connector ports in the communications system may also include a plug insertion/removal detection circuit. Suitable circuits for detecting plug insertions and removals are known in the art including, for example, the circuits disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/787,486, 13/111,112 and 13/111,015, and in U.S. Pat. No. 6,424,710. The provision of these plug insertion/removal detection circuits allows the intelligent tracking system to operate as an event-driven system. In particular, instead of performing periodic scans to determine all patching connections in a communications network, the system can monitor for plug insertions and/or removals and only transmit RFID interrogation signals after the detection of such plug insertions and removals to update the connectivity information. In some embodiments, connectivity information could be tracked and updated using both event driven signalling and periodic scans that may be performed on a less frequent basis.
As discussed above, RFID tags may be provided for each connector port in the communications system. In some embodiments, the RFID tags may be mounted in or on a housing of the connector port. In other embodiments, the RFID tags may be mounted on an associated mounting structure such as a face plate for a modular wall jack or a mounting frame of a patch panel. In some embodiments, the RFID tag may be mounted directly on a printed circuit board that includes some or all of the conductive paths of the connector port. Thus, it will be appreciated that the RFID tag may be mounted in any appropriate location.
In some embodiments, the RFID control signals may be used to monitor for changes in the transmission line characteristics of the patch cords and/or horizontal cabling in a communications system. This is possible because the characteristics of the responsive RFID signals are known, and hence if changes in the transmission line such as increased temperature occur, this can be detected via detected changes in the characteristics of the received responsive RFID control signals.
Pursuant to still further embodiments of the present invention, the RFID tags that are embedded in the connector ports of a communications system may be used to combat counterfeiting. In recent years, counterfeiting of connector ports, patch cords and horizontal cables has increased significantly. Typically, this counterfeiting involves a third party manufacturer directly copying another manufacturer's products, specifically including the other manufacturers external look and feel, color scheme, product names, product numbers and the like so that the counterfeit product is indistinguishable from the genuine product when viewed by an end user. In some cases, the counterfeiter also directly copies the internal characteristics of the genuine product, while in other cases the counterfeiter uses different internal designs that almost always exhibit inferior performance. Such counterfeiting inevitably damages a manufacturer in the form of lost sales, and may also cause significant reputational damages (which results in additional lost sales) when the counterfeit products perform more poorly than the genuine products. The unique identifiers that are stored in the memory of the RFID tags according to embodiments of the present invention may be used to combat counterfeiting as follows.
The unique identifiers can be stored in the RFID tags using a secret key encryption algorithm. The provider of the connector ports may maintain a list of the unique identifiers. Once a system is installed, the unique identifiers for all of the RFID tags may be collected by a system manager. This list may be provided to the manufacturer of the connector ports, who can then compare the list to production records to determine whether or not all of the unique identifiers match the unique identifier of a connector port that was manufactured by the manufacturer. The manufacturer may also keep track of where each connector port is installed, and thus if the same unique identifier is submitted multiple times the manufacturer will be able to identify that counterfeiting is incurring. The manufacturer can, for example, require that the list of unique identifiers be provided as a condition for issuance of a warranty certificate. The above techniques may be particularly effective in identifying distributors who purchase counterfeit products and mix them in with legitimate products.
As noted above, in addition to a unique identifier, other useful information may be programmed into the memory of each RFID tag. Such information may include location information that identifies the location of the connector port on which the RFID tag is mounted. In some embodiments, this location information may be a floor number, a room number and a socket number. In other embodiments, it may be the GPS coordinates of the connector port location (perhaps with a floor number as well, as GPS generally will not provide such information). Additional information such as, for example, a picture of the room and outlet, a drawing of the outlet position, date of manufacture information, etc. may also be stored in the memory of the RFID tag. This information may be stored in a write-protected mode and/or as encrypted information. This allows the system manager to read this information directly from each RFID tag, thereby eliminating the need to manually enter and/or import such information into the system manager.
According to still further embodiments of the present invention, multiple RFID tags may be included in some or all of the work area outlets, where each RFID tag is designed to emit responsive RFID signals that are at different frequencies. For example, a first of the RFID tags may transmit responsive RFID signals at 150 kHz, and the second of the RFID tags may transmit responsive RFID signals at 433 MHz. The provision of multiple RFID tags per connector port may be used, for example, to monitor the frequency characteristics of the horizontal cables that are attached to the respective work area outlets. For example, low quality Ethernet cables tend to exhibit lower margins (or even negative margins) at higher frequencies. By measuring the signal-to-noise ratio of the responsive RFID signals that are received from the multiple RFID tags, it may be determined if lower quality cable is connected to specific connector ports. Additionally, if the attenuation is known as a function of temperature and frequency, the frequency-dependent attenuation of the responsive RFID signals that may be measured based on the responsive RFID signals received from the multiple RFID tags.
Embodiments of the present invention may have a number of distinct advantages over prior art intelligent patching approaches. For example, some embodiments of the present invention may use conventional communications cables and patch cords that do not include extra conductors, identification chips, special contacts and the like. The inclusion of such extra elements as required by various prior art intelligent patching approaches can increase the cost of the cabling infrastructure, can prevent use of the already installed cabling and patch cord base, may increase the size, weight and cost of the cabling and has various other potential disadvantages. Some embodiments of the present invention also may require only minimal changes to the connector ports in a communications system such as, for example, the provision of capacitors that are used to transfer the RFID control signals to and from the connectors and the provision of an RFID tag that may be implemented at relatively low cost. Moreover, the RFID protocol is well established and very robust, and hence has the potential to provide a highly reliable intelligent tracking system.
Moreover, while the provision of the RFID transceiver, processor and multiplexer may increase the cost of the systems according to embodiments of the present invention, only a few of these components may be required as they may be shared across all of the channels that run through a patch panel, and hence the overall impact on the cost of the system may be manageable. Moreover, the intelligent tracking capabilities of the communications systems according to embodiments of the present invention may extend to the work area in order to track patch cord and cabling connections to consolidation points and wall jacks, and interposers or other techniques may be used to perform tracking all the way to end devices in both the work area and the computer room to provide full end-to-end tracking. Such tracking of end devices may also enable a host of other capabilities such as, for example, automatic enablement of switch ports upon detection of the connection of an authorized device, the automatic deployment of services in response to detection of the connection of an authorized device, etc. Such capabilities may, for example, simplify network operation, result in power savings (by allowing unused switch ports to be set to a non-enabled state).
The present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which certain embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments that are pictured and described herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Herein, references are made to the “positive” component and the “negative” component of the RFID control signal. Note that since the RFID may be an alternating current signal, in some cases the signal on each pair may oscillate between being a positive signal and a negative signal. Consequently, it will be appreciated that references herein to a “positive component” or a “negative component” of an RFID control signal are used to refer to the components of the RFID control signal at a given point in time in order to conveniently be able to distinguish between the two components of the signal.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms that are used in this disclosure have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the above description is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this disclosure, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that when an element (e.g., a device, circuit, etc.) is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present.
Certain embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to flowchart illustrations. It will be understood that some blocks of the flowchart illustrations may be combined or split into multiple blocks, and that the blocks in the flow chart diagrams need not necessarily be performed in the order illustrated in the flow charts.
In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed typical embodiments of the invention and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims.
