Patent Application
20200374608
Bandwidth demand and total deployment cost (capital cost and operational cost) of an advanced optical access communication system are increasing, while a return on investment (ROI) is decreasing. This has created a significant business dilemma.
More than ever before, we have become more mobile and global. Intelligent pervasive and always-on internet access via convergence of all (e.g., an electrical/optical/radio/electromagnetic/sensor/biosensor) communication networks can provide connectivity at anytime, from anywhere, to anything is desired.
The present invention is related to a dynamic bidirectional optical access communication system with an intelligent subscriber subsystem that can connect/couple/interact (via one/more/all the networks as listed hereinafter: electrical/optical/radio/electromagnetic/sensor/biosensor communication network(s)) with an object and an intelligent appliance, utilizing internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and its subsequent versions.
An intelligent subscriber system and/or an object and/or an intelligent appliance includes one/more of the following: (a) modules (wherein a module is defined as a functional integration of critical electrical/optical/radio/sensor components, circuits and algorithms needed to achieve a desired function/property of a module): a laser, a photodiode, a modulator, a demodulator, a phase-to-intensity converter, an amplifier, a wavelength combiner/decombiner, an optical power combiner/decombiner, a cyclic arrayed waveguide router, a micro-electrical-mechanical-system (MEMS) space switch, an optical switch, an optical circulator, an optical filter, an optical intensity attenuator, a processor, a memory, a display, a microphone, a camera, a sensor, a biosensor, a radio, a near-field-communication (NFC), a scanner, a power source, (b) an embedded and/or a cloud based operating system software module (wherein a software module is defined as a functional integration of critical algorithms needed to achieve a desired function/property of a software module) and/or (c) an embedded and/or a cloud based intelligence rendering software module.
Furthermore, an object can sense/measure/collect/aggregate/compare/map and connect/couple/interact (via one/more/all the networks as listed hereinafter: electrical/optical/radio/electromagnetic/sensor/biosensor communication network(s)) with another object, an intelligent subscriber subsystem and an intelligent appliance, utilizing internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and its subsequent versions.
A dynamic intelligent bidirectional optical access communication system utilizes two critical optical modules: a phase modulator and an intensity modulator at an intelligent subscriber subsystem. Together, these two critical optical modules can reduce the Rayleigh backscattering effect on the propagation of optical signals.
The reduced Rayleigh backscattering effect can enable a longer-reach optical access communication network (longer-reach than a currently deployed optical access communication network) between an intelligent subscriber subsystem and a super node (e.g., many neighboring nodes collapsed into a preferred super node). Such a longer-reach optical access communication network can eliminate significant costs related to a vast array of middle equipment (e.g., a router/switch), which otherwise would be needed between a standard node (without a super node configuration) and a large number of remote nodes, according to a currently deployed optical access communication network.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a bidirectional optical access communication system can be configured to be capable of a longer-reach optical access communication network.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a bidirectional optical access communication system can be configured to be capable of dynamically providing wavelength on-Demand and/or bandwidth on-Demand and/or service on-Demand.
In another embodiment of the present invention, fabrication and construction of a wavelength tunable laser component/module is described.
In another embodiment of the present invention, an optical signal can be routed to an intended destination securely by extracting an intended destination from a destination marker optical signal.
In another embodiment of the present invention, fabrication, construction and applications of an object are described.
In another embodiment of the present invention, an object can sense/measure/collect/aggregate/compare/map and connect/couple/interact (via one/more/all the networks as listed hereinafter: electrical/optical/radio/electromagnetic/sensor/biosensor communication network(s)) with another object, an intelligent subscriber subsystem and an intelligent appliance, utilizing Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and its subsequent versions.
In another embodiment of the present invention, an intelligence rendering software module allows a subscriber subsystem to adapt/learn/relearn a user's interests/preferences/patterns, thereby rendering intelligence to a subscriber subsystem.
In another embodiment of the present invention, an intelligence rendering software module allows an appliance to adapt/learn/relearn a user's interests/preferences/patterns, thereby rendering intelligence to an appliance.
In another embodiment of the present invention, fabrication and construction of a near-field communication enabled micro-subsystem/intelligent appliance is described.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a portfolio of applications (e.g., an intelligent, location based and personalized social network and direct/peer-to-peer marketing) is also described.
The present invention can be better understood in the description below with accompanying drawings.
A bidirectional optical access communication network 100 is connected/coupled/interacted with the super node 101, many local nodes 102, many remote nodes 103 and a large number of intelligent subscriber subsystems 340s (located at homes/businesses) over a dispersion-compensated single-mode optical fiber 280. At the super node 101, a number of laser modules (high power fast wavelength switching-wavelength tunable semiconductor laser modules are preferred) 120s provide a first set of downstream wavelengths, where each downstream wavelength is modulated at 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s, by a corresponding intensity modulator module (an electro-absorption/Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator module is preferred) 140 to provide optical signals. These modulated downstream wavelengths (embedded with the optical signals) are combined by a wavelength combiner module 160 and amplified by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) module 220. These amplified downstream wavelengths are passed through a 3-port circulator module 260 and transmitted over the dispersion-compensated single-mode optical fiber (with a distributed Raman amplifier is preferred) 280 to the remote node 103. A distributed Raman amplifier can provide distributed amplification of the optical signal over the dispersion-compensated single-mode optical fiber 280 by nonlinear coupling/interaction between the optical signal and an optical pump signal, thereby effectively increasing the reach of an optical access communication network more than a currently deployed optical access communication network. At the remote node 103, the modulated downstream wavelengths from the super node 101, are decombined by an integrated wavelength combiner/decombiner module 300, filtered by a bandpass optical filter module (a wavelength switching-wavelength tunable bandpass optical filter module is preferred) 240, are power split by an integrated optical power combiner/decombiner module 320 and are transmitted to a number of intelligent subscriber subsystems 340s. However, all the optical modules at the remote node 103 must be temperature insensitive to operate within a wide temperature range at the remote node 103, as there may not be an option of an electrical power at the remote node 103. The downstream wavelengths from the super node 101 to the number of intelligent subscriber subsystems 340s can be transmitted and correspondingly received by photodiode modules 200s at the intelligent subscriber subsystems 340s, utilizing a time division multiplexed statistical bandwidth allocation and/or a broadcasting method.
The local node 102 includes the laser module 120, which is connected/coupled/interacted with the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) module 220 to provide an upstream wavelength from the intelligent subscriber subsystems 340s, which is offset in wavelength with respect to the first set of downstream wavelengths generated at the super node 101. The upstream wavelength power splits through the integrated optical power combiner/decombiner module 320 at the remote node 103 and is transmitted to the number of intelligent subscriber subsystems 340s for further optical processing by an optical processing micro-subsystem 360. An optically processed upstream wavelength (embedded with the optical signals) by the optical processing micro-subsystem 360 (within the intelligent subscriber subsystem 340) is looped/returned back through the integrated optical power combiner/decombiner module 320, the bandpass optical filter module 240 and the integrated wavelength combiner/decombiner module 300 at the remote node 103. The optically processed upstream wavelength is transmitted over the dispersion-compensated single-mode optical fiber 280 and passed through the 3-port circulator module 260 at the super node 101. The 3-port circulator module 260 provides the upstream wavelengths from a number of intelligent subscriber subsystems 340s to the bandpass optical filter 240, the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) module 220, the wavelength decombiner module 180, a number of external fiber-optic interferometer modules 180As (to convert a phase modulation signal into an intensity modulation signal) and the photodiode modules 200s at the super node 101, wherein each photodiode module 200 is detecting the distinct upstream wavelength. Furthermore, each photodiode module 200 includes one or more of the following optical/electronic components: a 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s linear photodiode chip, a 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s mesa-type/waveguide-type avalanche photodiode chip (APD), a 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s burst-mode transimpedance amplifier, a 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR), the bandpass optical filter 240 and a semiconductor optical amplifier 380 (if the semiconductor optical amplifier 380 is needed for optical gain in conjunction with a 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s linear photodiode chip). The upstream wavelength from a number of intelligent subscriber subsystems 340s to the super node 101 can be transmitted and correspondingly received by the photodiode modules 200s at the super node 101, utilizing a time division multiplexed statistical bandwidth allocation and/or a broadcasting method.
A method of providing bandwidth-specific service on-Demand can be realized by including at least the steps: (a) the user requesting a specific service (e.g., an ultra-high definition movie on-Demand) at the specific intelligent subscriber subsystem 340, (b) delivering the specific service over a wavelength by the laser module 120 from the super node 101, (c) modulating the wavelength at a required modulation rate (e.g., 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s) by the intensity modulator module 140 at the super node 101 and (d) then dynamically routing the said wavelength (embedded with the user requested specific service) by the M:M cyclic wavelength arrayed waveguide grating router module 250 at the remote node 103 and to the specific intelligent subscriber subsystem 340.
Furthermore, rapid wavelength routing (in space, wavelength and time) by the M:M cyclic wavelength arrayed waveguide grating router module 250 can be fabricated/constructed as an optical packet/interconnect router between many printed circuit boards/integrated circuits/processors.
Additionally, outputs of the M:M cyclic wavelength arrayed waveguide grating router module 250 at the remote node 103 can be connected/coupled/interacted with inputs of a large-scale N:N (e.g., a 1000:1000) micro-electrical-mechanical-system space switch module at the remote node 103 to provide much greater flexibility of wavelength routing.
An input-output echelle grating module and/or a negative-index photonic crystal super-prism module can be utilized as alternatives to the wavelength combiner module 160, the wavelength decombiner module 180 and the integrated wavelength combiner/decombiner module 300. A multi-mode interference (MMI) module and/or a Y-combiner module can be utilized as alternatives to the integrated optical power combiner/decombiner module 320 and the optical power combiner module 320A.
Furthermore, the generic intensity modulator module 140 can be replaced by an electro-absorption intensity modulator module 420, which is designed for integration with the semiconductor optical amplifier module 380, the phase modulator module 400 and the variable optical intensity attenuator module 440 on a monolithic photonic integrated circuit (PIC) and/or an active-passive hybrid planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology.
Numerous permutations (e.g., modulating a CW optical signal from the laser module 120 at the local node 102 by the intensity modulator 140/420 and then by the phase modulator 400) of all optical modules within the optical processing micro-subsystem 360 are possible to create optimum quality of the upstream wavelength for an intended reach. Use of the phase modulator module 400 and the intensity modulator module 420 together can reduce the Rayleigh backscattering effect on the propagation of optical signals, enabling a longer-reach optical access communication network between the super node 101 and the remote node 103, thus eliminating a vast array of middle equipment such as routers and switches, which would otherwise be needed between a standard node (without the super node configuration) and a large number of the remote nodes 103s, according to a currently deployed optical access communication network.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, an upstream second set of wavelengths (which are offset in wavelengths with respect to the first set of wavelengths transmitted from the super node 101) can be internally generated by a wavelength tunable laser module within the intelligent subscriber subsystem 340, without the need for external wavelength generation by the laser module 120 at the local node 102. Generation of the upstream wavelength (fast switching-widely tunable laser module is preferred) within the intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 simplifies fabrication and construction of a dynamic bidirectional optical access communication network 100.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a single-mode/mode-hopp free wavelength tunable (about 32 nm) laser module can be constructed by utilizing an ultra-low anti-reflection coated (both facets) semiconductor optical amplifier (a quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier is preferred) and a triple-ring resonator waveguide on a planar lightwave circuit platform. The front facet of the triple-ring resonator waveguide has an ultra-low anti-reflection coating, while the back facet of that has a high-reflection coating. The anti-reflection coated back facet of the semiconductor optical amplifier and the anti-reflection coated front facet of the triple-ring resonator waveguide are intimately attached (“butt-coupled”) to each other. The phases of a triple-ring resonator waveguide can be controlled by a metal strip heater along a straight segment of the triple-ring resonator waveguide. Furthermore, the semiconductor optical amplifier 380 can be monolithically integrated with the electro-absorption (EAM)/Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator.
A stacked multi-quantum well cross-sectional layer design of the electro-absorption modulator with the DR laser is illustrated in Table 1 below.
1.5 × 10{circumflex over ( )}3
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a subset of a second set of wavelengths (which are offset in wavelengths with respect to a first set of wavelengths transmitted from the super node 101) can be modulated at a bit-rate (e.g., 10 Gb/s or higher Gb/s, but a variable modulation bit-rate is preferred) and thus configured to be shared with a number of intelligent subscriber subsystems 340s to generate a symmetric upstream bandwidth/bandwidth on-Demand.
Both downstream and upstream wavelengths can be protected by a 2×2 optical protection switch module and separated via an optical ring-network including redundant/multiple dispersion-compensated single-mode optical fibers 280s.
A pilot tone modulation can be added to the semiconductor optical amplifier module 380 within the optical processing micro-subsystem 360 (within the intelligent subscriber subsystem 340) and to the laser modules 120s (at the super node 101 and the local node 102) to reduce the Rayleigh backscattering effect.
An electronic dispersion compensation circuit and a forward error correction circuit can be added to relax the specifications of the optical and/or electronic modules. Furthermore, all optical single-mode fibers can be polished at an angle (about 7 degree) to reduce any optical back-reflection.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, an upstream wavelength may be shared/transmitted by a number of the intelligent subscriber subsystems 340s, utilizing a time division multiplexed statistical bandwidth allocation method. Therefore, a burst mode receiver circuit is needed at the super node 101 to process bursty optical signals embedded in the upstream wavelengths from a number of the intelligent subscriber subsystems 340s.
Furthermore, to enable higher bit-rate, a modulator/demodulator of an advanced modulation format (e.g., differential quadratic phase-shift keying-DQPSK and/or quadratic amplitude modulation-QAM) can be utilized.
Furthermore, a System-on-a-Chip (SoC), integrating a processor module and module specific software 760 with a graphic processor module, an internet firewall, spyware and the user-specific security control/authentication can simplify fabrication and construction of the intelligent subscriber subsystem 340.
The intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 includes a set top box/personal video recorder/personal server component/module. The intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 includes a voice-to-text-to-voice processing module and module specific software. (e.g., Crisp Sound is real-time audio signal processing software for echo cancellation, background noise reduction, speech enhancement and equalization), a video compression module and module specific software, a photo-editing software module and a software module for automatically uploading content to a preferred remote/cloud server.
The intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 has multiple radio modules with multiple antennas. A tunable radio-frequency carbon nanotube (CNT) cavity can tune in between 2 GHz and 3 GHz. The merger of many antennas, utilizing a tunable carbon nanotube cavity and an analog/digital converter can enable a simplified software-defined radio.
The intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 can enable content over-IP, (e.g., Skype service) thus disrupting a traditional carrier controlled fixed telephony business model.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the secure delivery of a content optical signal to an intended destination can be achieved by utilizing a low bit-rate destination marker optical signal, which is modulated at a different plane with a different modulation format, simultaneously in conjunction with a higher-bit rate content optical signal. The low bit-rate destination marker optical signal is extracted and converted from an optical domain to an electrical domain to determine the intended destination of the content optical signal, while the content optical signal remains in an optical domain until it is delivered to the intended destination—thus both routing and security in the delivery of the content optical signal can be significantly enhanced.
A battery/solar cell (e.g., silicon)/micro fuel-cell/wired power supply/resonant electromagnetic inductive coupling energy transfer (wireless) power supply module and module specific software 840 can include a thick/thin film (e.g., 3.6V-12 μAh Cymbet thin-film lithium battery) printed/three-dimensional/nano-engineered battery (e.g., cellulose-a spacer ionic liquid electrolyte, electrically connected/coupled/interacted with a carbon nanotube electrode and a lithium oxide electrode), a nano supercapacitor (e.g., utilizing carbon nanotube ink or operating due to fast ion transport at a nanoscale), a nano-electrical generator of piezoelectric PZT nanowires (e.g., 20,000 n-/p-type zinc oxide nanowires can generate about 2 mW), a nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) cell (e.g., a motor protein cell) and a microbial nano fuel-cell.
A motor protein (macromolecule) named prestin, which is expressed in outer hair cells in the organ of Corti of a human ear and is encoded by the SLC26A5 gene. Prestin converts an electrical voltage into a motion by elongating and contracting outer hair cells. This motion amplifies sound in a human ear. However, prestin can work in a reverse mode, producing an electrical voltage in response to a motion. To increase conductivity, a microbe (e.g., a bacterium Pili) can act as a conducting nanowire to transfer electrons generated by prestin. Each prestin cell is capable of making only nano watts of electricity. A prestin cell (array of prestins connected/coupled/interacted between two electrodes) can electrically charge a battery/micro fuel-cell/wired power supply module. A prestin cell can grow and self-heal, as it is constructed from biological components. Furthermore, a nano-electrical generator of piezoelectric PZT nanowires can be integrated with prestin.
A memristor component can replace both the processor component and/or the memory/storage component. Furthermore, a memristor component and a nano-sized radio component can reduce power consumption of the object 720.
A sensor module and module specific software 820 can include a biosensor (e.g., to monitor/measure body temperature, % oxygen, heart rhythm, blood glucose concentration and a biomarker for a disease parameter).
The object 720 with a biosensor, a transistor, a light emitting diode, a nano-sized radio, a prestin cell (for electrical power) and an object specific software can be incorporated onto a support material (e.g., a silk membrane) to monitor/measure (and transmit) a disease parameter.
Another example of a biosensor sensor can be an assassin protein (macromolecule) perforin, the immune system's weapon of mass destruction. Perforin is encoded by the PRF1 gene. Perforin is expressed in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Interestingly, perforin resembles a cellular weapon employed by a bacterium (e.g., anthrax). Perforin has an ability to embed itself to form a pore in a cell membrane. The pore by itself may be damaging to a cell and it enables the entry of a toxic enzyme granzyme B, which induces apoptosis (a programmed suicide process) of a diseased cell. However, perforin occasionally misfires—killing the wrong cell (e.g., an insulin producing pancreas) and significantly accelerating a disease like diabetes. Defective perforin leads to an upsurge in cancer malignancy (e.g., leukemia). Up regulation of perforin can be effective against cancer and/or an acute viral disease (e.g., cerebral malaria). Down regulation of perforin can be effective against diabetes. The ramification of a pore-forming macromolecule like perforin is enormous, if it can be tailored/tuned to a specific disease.
Like perforin, ultrasonically guided microbubbles can break into a cell membrane. A pore-forming microbubble (ultrasonically guided)/nanovessel (e.g., a cubisome/liposome) encapsulating a suitable chemical(s)/drug(s), a surface modified red fluorescent protein (e.g., E2-Crimson) and perforin (if needed) can be an effective imaging/drug delivery method. A surface coating (e.g., a pegylation) on the microbubble/nano vessel can avoid the immune surveillance of a human body. A surface coating of disease-specific ligand (e.g., an antibody) on a microbubble/nano-vessel can enhance the targeting to specific disease cells. Furthermore, an encapsulation of magnetic super-paramagnetic nano-particles within a microbubble/nano-vessel can significantly enhance the targeting to specific disease cells, when it is guided by a magnet. The microbubbles/nano-vessels can be incorporated within a silicone micro catheter (coated with silver nanoparticles) tube or a micro-electrical-mechanical-system reservoir/micropump (integrated with an array of silicon microneedles) on a support material.
For utilizing the object 720 within and/or on a human body, all components must be biocompatible (bio dissolvable is preferred).
If a disease parameter measurement is perceived to be abnormal with respect to a reference disease parameter measurement, a biosensor module connects/couples/interacts with the object 720 for a programmed drug delivery. Furthermore, the object 720 can connect/couple/interact (via one/more/all the networks as listed hereinafter: electrical/optical/radio/electromagnetic/sensor/biosensor communication network(s)) with another object 720, the intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and/or an intelligent appliance 880 for location based/assisted emergency help without human input.
The object 720 can be fabricated and constructed, utilizing a System-on-a-Chip/System-in-a-Package (SiP)/multi-chip module.
The object 720 can sense/measure/collect/aggregate/compare/map and connect/couple/interact/share (via one/more/all the networks as listed hereinafter: electrical/optical/radio/electromagnetic/sensor/biosensor communication network(s)) with another object 720), the intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and the intelligent appliance 880, utilizing internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) and its subsequent versions.
A method of securing information by the object 720, includes at least the following steps: (a) sensing 900, (b) measuring 920, (c) collecting 940, (d) aggregating/comparing/mapping 960, (e) connecting/coupling/interacting/sharing 980 (in real-time) with the plurality of objects 720s, intelligent subscriber subsystems 340s and intelligent appliances 880s, (f) developing a learning algorithm (e.g., a machine learning/iterative learn-by-doing/natural learning algorithm in a software module 700) 1300 from the activities of the plurality of objects 720s, intelligent subscriber subsystems 340s and intelligent appliances 880s, (g) utilizing a learning algorithm 1320 and (h) re-iterating all the previous steps from (a) to (g) in a loop cycle 1340 to enable intelligent decision based on information from the plurality of objects 720s, the intelligent subscriber subsystems 340s and the intelligent appliances 880s.
Furthermore, a System-on-a-Chip, integrating a processor module and module specific software 760 with a graphic processor module, internet firewall, spyware and the user-specific security control/authentication can simplify construction and fabrication of the intelligent appliance 880.
Details of the holographic display have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/602,404 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF AMBIENT/PERVASIVE USER/HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCE”, filed on Sep. 28, 2019 and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
Further details of the holographic display have been have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/999,601 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF AMBIENT/PERVASIVE USER/HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCE”, filed on Jun. 1, 2016, (which resulted in a U.S. Pat. No. 9,923,124, issued on Mar. 20, 2018) and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
Furthermore, a System-on-a-Chip can be replaced by a Super System on Chip (SSoC) for fast (or ultrafast) data processing, image processing/image recognition, deep learning/meta-learning, or/and self-learning;
wherein the Super System on Chip can include:
(i) a processor-specific electronic integrated circuit (EIC),
and/or
(ii) an array or a network of memristors for neural processing,
and/or
(iii) a photonic component or a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), wherein the photonic component comprises an optical waveguide,
wherein the processor-specific electronic integrated circuit in said (i), the array or the network of memristors in said (ii) and the photonic component or the photonic integrated circuit in said (iii) of the Super System on Chip can be interconnected or coupled in two-dimension (2-D) or in three-dimension (3-D) electrically and/or optically.
Details of the Super System on Chip have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/602,404 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF AMBIENT/PERVASIVE USER/HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCE”, filed on Sep. 28, 2019 and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
Further details of the Super System on Chip have been have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/999,601 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF AMBIENT/PERVASIVE USER/HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCE”, filed on Jun. 1, 2016, (which resulted in a U.S. Pat. No. 9,923,124, issued on Mar. 20, 2018) and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
The Super System on Chip can be coupled with a first artificial eye or a second artificial eye. The first artificial eye can include light activated and/or electrically activated switches. The second artificial eye can include an array of photodiodes.
For example, the artificial eye can be fabricated/constructed utilizing a very large scale integration of the atomic scaled switches. Photocurrent is induced in a photoconductive layer (which is coupled between a metal electrode and a solid-electrolyte electrode) by light irradiation. The photocurrent reduces metal ions with positive charges in the solid-electrolyte electrode and this precipitates as metal atoms to form an atomic scaled metal connection between the metal electrode and the solid-electrolyte electrode-operating as an atomic scaled switch, turned on by light irradiation and/or an applied electrical activation (e.g., voltage).
Instead of a photoconducting layer, an array of (fast light) responsive photodiodes (e.g., made of graphene or tungsten diselenide or other suitable (fast light) responsive two-dimensional material) can be utilized also.
It should be noted that an array of (fast light) responsive photodiodes coupled with phase transition/phase change material (electrically/optically controlled) based switches can enable a fast responsive artificial eye.
Generally, a phase transition material is a solid material, wherein its lattice structure can change from a particular solid crystalline form to another solid crystalline form, still remaining crystal-graphically solid. Generally, a phase change material is a material, wherein its phase can change from (i) a solid to liquid or (ii) an amorphous to crystalline structure or (iii) crystalline structure to amorphous.
The first artificial eye or the second artificial eye can be coupled with a neural processor/Super System on Chip.
Details of the artificial eye have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/602,404 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF AMBIENT/PERVASIVE USER/HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCE”, filed on Sep. 28, 2019 and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
Furthermore, the Super System on Chip can be coupled with a radio (wireless) transceiver integrated circuit (e.g., 5G or a higher than 5G bandwidth).
The Super System on Chip can be coupled with an intelligent algorithm, which includes a digital security protection (DSP) algorithm submodule, a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm submodule and an application specific algorithm submodule (the application specific algorithm submodule is coupled with a public/consortium/private blockchain). The application specific algorithm submodule and a knowledge database (the knowledge database is coupled with a public/consortium/private blockchain) are coupled with a computer vision algorithm submodule, a pattern recognition algorithm submodule, a data mining algorithm submodule, Big Data analysis algorithm submodule, a statistical analysis algorithm submodule, a fuzzy logic (including neuro-fuzzy) algorithm submodule an artificial neural network/artificial intelligence algorithm submodule, a machine learning (including deep learning/meta-learning and self-learning) algorithm submodule, a predictive analysis algorithm submodule, a prescriptive algorithm module and a software agent algorithm submodule.
The fusion of a neural network algorithm and fuzzy logic algorithm is neuro-fuzzy, which can enable both learning as well as approximation of uncertainties. The neuro-fuzzy algorithm can use fuzzy inference engine (with fuzzy rules) for modeling uncertainties, which is further enhanced through learning the various situations with a radial basis function. The radial basis function consists of an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer with an activation function of hidden units. A normalized radial basis function with unequal widths and equal heights can be written as:
X is the input vector, uil is the center of the ith hidden node (i=1, . . . , 12) that is associated with the lth (l=1,2) input vector, σi is a common width of the ith hidden node in the layer and softmax (hi) is the output vector of the ith hidden node. The radial basis activation function is the softmax activation function. First, the input data is used to determine the centers and the widths of the basis functions for each hidden node. Second, it is a procedure to find the output layer weights that minimize a quadratic error between predicted values and target values. Mean square error can be defined as:
The connections between various algorithm submodules of the intelligent algorithm can be similar to synaptic networks to enable deep learning/meta-learning and self-learning of the intelligent algorithm. Meta-learning can enable a machine some human-level mental agility. It may be useful for achieving machine intelligence at human-level.
Details of the intelligent algorithm have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/602,404 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF AMBIENT/PERVASIVE USER/HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCE”, filed on Sep. 28, 2019 and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
Further details of the intelligent algorithm have been have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/999,601 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF AMBIENT/PERVASIVE USER/HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCE”, filed on Jun. 1, 2016, (which resulted in a U.S. Pat. No. 9,923,124, issued on Mar. 20, 2018) and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
Furthermore, a super-capacitor (manufactured by www.cap-xx.com) and/or proton exchange membrane micro fuel-cell can enhance the operational time of a battery/solar cell/micro fuel-cell/wired power supply component.
A foldable/stretchable display component can be constructed from a graphene sheet and/or an organic light-emitting diode connecting/coupling/interacting with a printed organic transistor and a rubbery conductor (e.g., a mixture of carbon nanotube/gold conductor and rubbery polymer) with a touch/multi-touch sensor.
The intelligent appliance 880 includes a voice-to-text-to-voice processing module and module specific software. (e.g., Crisp Sound is real-time audio signal processing software for echo cancellation, background noise reduction, speech enhancement and equalization), a video compression module and module specific software, a photo-editing software module and a software module for automatically uploading content to a preferred remote/cloud server.
The intelligent appliance 880 can be much thinner than 20 mm, if both the display and battery components are thinner.
A thinner photonic crystal display component can be fabricated and constructed as follows: optically pumping different-sized photonic crystals, whereas the photonic crystals can individually emit blue, green and red light based on their inherent sizes. Optical pumping can be generated from optical emission by electrical activation of semiconductor quantum-wells. Blue, green and red light can be then multiplexed/combined to generate white light.
Further details of the photonic crystal display have been have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/999,601 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF AMBIENT/PERVASIVE USER/HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCE”, filed on Jun. 1, 2016, (which resulted in a U.S. Pat. No. 9,923,124, issued on Mar. 20, 2018) and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
A thinner organic battery component can be fabricated and constructed as follows: an organic battery utilizes push-pull organic molecules, wherein after an electron transfer process, two positively charged molecules are formed which are repelled by each other like magnets. By installing a molecular switch, an electron transfer process can proceed in the opposite direction. Thus, forward and backward switching of an electron flow can form the basis of an ultra-thin, light weight and power efficient organic battery.
The intelligent appliance 880 can be integrated with a miniature surround sound (e.g., a micro-electrical-mechanical-system based silicon microphone component-Analog ADMP 401 or an equivalent component from www.akustica.com) module and module specific software, a miniature power efficient projection (e.g., a holographic/micromirror projector) module and module specific software, an infrared transceiver module and module specific software and a biometric sensor (e.g., a fingerprint/retinal scan) module and module specific software.
A projection module can be miniaturized by utilizing one tilt-able 1 mm diameter single crystal mirror. The mirror deflects a laser (blue, green and red) beam by rapidly switching its angle of orientation, building up a picture pixel by pixel.
An array of (at least four) front-facing cameras can provide stereo views and motion parallax (apparent difference in a direction of movement produced relative to its environment). Each camera can create a low dynamic range depth map. However, an array of cameras can create a high dynamic range depth map; thus, the intelligent appliance 880 can enable three-dimensional video conferencing.
The intelligent appliance 880 has multiple radio modules with multiple antennas. These multiple radio modules with multiple antennas can be simplified by a software-defined radio.
Augmented reality (AR) allows computer-generated content to be superimposed over a live camera-view in the real world. The intelligent appliance 880 can be integrated with an augmented reality to enrich the user's experience and need.
The intelligent appliance 880 can acquire information on a barcode/RFID/near-field communication tag on a product by utilizing its radio module. The intelligent appliance 880 is aware of its location via its indoor/outdoor position module (within the radio module and module specific software 640) and it can search for a price/distribution location. Thus, the intelligent appliance 880 can enable a real-world physical search.
The intelligent appliance 880 can enable content over-IP (e.g., Skype service) via an ambient Wi-Fi/Wi-Max network, thus disrupting the traditional carrier controlled cellular business model.
Near-field communication has a short range of about 35 mm-making it an ideal choice for a contact-less (proximity) application. A near-field communication module (with an antenna) and module specific software 680 can allow the user to learn/exchange/transfer/share/transact in a contactless (proximity) application in real-time. A standalone near-field communication enabled micro-subsystem (e.g., a SD/SIM card form factor) can integrate an IP/micro IP/light weight IP address module and module specific software 500, the storage/memory module and module specific software 780, the near-field communication module (with an antenna) and module specific software 680 and the software module 700. To exchange/transfer/share/transact content, the radio module and module specific software 640 can be integrated with a standalone near-field communication enabled micro subsystem. To enhance the security of the standalone near-field communication enabled micro-subsystem, the sensor module (e.g., a 0.2 mm thick fingerprint sensor component (manufactured by Seiko Epson) reads an electric current on the user's finger tip contact or a sensor component is uniquely synchronized with another sensor component) and module specific software 820 can be integrated. Furthermore, an advanced biometric (fingerprint) sensor module can be fabricated/constructed by combining a silica colloidal crystal with rubber, wherein the silica colloidal crystal can be dissolved in dilute hydrofluoric (HF) acid-leaving air voids in the rubber, thus creating an elastic photonic crystal. An elastic photonic crystal emits an intrinsic color, displaying three-dimensional shapes of ridges, valleys and pores of a fingerprint, when pressed. The processor module and module specific software 760 can be utilized to compare with the user's captured/stored fingerprint data. Non-matching fingerprint data would render the standalone near-field communication enabled micro-subsystem unusable in case of an abuse/fraud/theft.
The intelligent appliance 880 can include a sketch pad electronic module and a stylus, wherein the sketch pad electronic module include an electronic circuitry for capacitive coupling, a transparent input matrix component and a write-erase switch.
Details of the sketch pad electronic module have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/448,378 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MACHINE LEARNING BASED USER APPLICATION”, filed on Apr. 16, 2012 and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
The intelligent appliance 880 can also a personal awareness assistant electronic module, wherein the personal awareness electronic module includes a microphone and/or an audio recorder
The personal awareness assistant electronic module categorizes information or data received by the personal awareness assistant electronic module into a database.
Details of the personal assistant electronic module have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/448,378 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MACHINE LEARNING BASED USER APPLICATION”, filed on Apr. 16, 2012 and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
Five critical contactless (proximity) applications are: (a) product/service discovery/initiation, (b) peer-to-peer exchange/transfer/share/transaction, (c) machine-to-machine exchange/transfer/share/transaction, (d) remote access of an appliance/subsystem/system/terminal and (e) access authentication.
The standalone near-field communication enabled micro-subsystem, in contactless proximity of another near-field communication enabled appliance/subsystem/system/terminal, receives a URL (web site) to (a) provide information about a product/service, (b) receive direct and/or peer-to-peer marketing (e.g., coupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program) and (c) monitor/measure the effectiveness of a marketing campaign.
The user can share social network/business profile/microloan/microcontent in contactless proximity of the near-field communication enabled appliance/subsystem/system/terminal of another user.
The user can transact money/microloan/microcontent in contactless proximity of a near-field communication enabled appliance/subsystem/system/terminal.
An example, the standalone near-field communication enabled micro-subsystem can enable printing a stored photo, in contactless proximity of a near-field communication enabled printer and displaying a stored movie, in contact-less proximity of a near-field communication enabled TV.
A near-field communication enabled TV can be fabricated and constructed similarly to the intelligent appliance 880.
Another example, the standalone near-field communication enabled micro-subsystem can enable purchasing a travel ticket, in contactless proximity of a near-field communication enabled ticket appliance/subsystem/system/terminal. Such a ticket can be verified and/or located by an indoor position module without need of human input.
Another example, a near-field communication enabled a printer module integrated with an electro-mechanical weighing module, an electro-mechanical postage dispensing module and a software module for calculating the postage price based on weight, distance, priority level and delivery method can enable purchasing postage efficiently.
The user's profile, bookmarks, address book, preferences, settings, applications and contents of an appliance/subsystem/system/terminal could be stored securely in the standalone near-field communication enabled micro-subsystem, in contactless proximity of a near-field communication enabled appliance/subsystem/system/terminal, it will load an original version of the user's profile, bookmarks, address book, preferences, settings, applications and content.
The user can utilize the standalone near-field communication enabled micro-subsystem, in contactless proximity of a near-field communication enabled appliance/subsystem/system/terminal to enable authentication of an appliance/subsystem/system/terminal.
The standalone near-field communication enabled micro-subsystem (as discussed above) can be integrated (by inserting into an electro-mechanical socket) with the intelligent appliance 880.
Direct marketing (e.g., coupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program) exists via AdMob and Groupon. A static social network exists via MySpace and Facebook. The primary motivation of the user is social connections with other users in a social network website. However, a web based social network can limit a human bond.
The standalone near-field communication enabled micro-subsystem/intelligent appliance can enable an off-line social exchange and direct and/or peer-to-peer marketing.
A personalized social network can utilize an augmented identity (e.g., Recognizr) in addition to a profile. A personalized social network can keep track of information/discussion/interests, which are important to the user/users and make such information/discussion/interests available to the user/users when the user/users are either online and/off-line.
Direct marketing can be segmented by demographics/geographical locations (e.g., gender/marital status/age/religion/interests/education/work-position/income/credit profile/net asset/zip code). However, adding real-time geographical location to direct marketing can be useful (e.g., the user close to a stadium and minutes before an event can purchase a ticket and after an event can receive direct marketing based on the user's interests/preferences/patterns. This is personalized marketing)
Personalization can be enhanced by the intelligence rendering software module 700 (e.g., a machine learning/iterative learn-by-doing/natural learning algorithm in a software module). The intelligent software agent (a do-engine) can search the internet automatically and recommend to the user a product/service/content based on the user's interests/preferences/patterns. Integration of the user's social network profile, the user's interests/preferences/patterns, the user's real-time geographical location, data/information/images from the objects 720 and interaction (of the objects 720s with the intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and the intelligent appliance 880) collectively can embed physical reality into internet space and internet reality into a physical space thus, it can enrich the user's experience and need.
A method of enabling intelligent, location based and personalized peer-to-peer marketing (e.g., coupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program) can be realized by including at least the steps: (a) authenticating the user 1000, (b) understanding the first user's profile (an augmented identity is preferred) 1020, (c) authenticating a second user 1000A, (d) understanding the second user's profile (an augmented identity is preferred) 1020A, (e) determining the first user's location (real-time is preferred) 1100, (f) determining the second user's location (real-time is preferred) 1100A, (g) communicating and/or sharing with a plurality of users for a collective need (an augmented identity is preferred) 1180, (h) determining the users' locations (real-time is preferred) 1100B, (i) delivering marketing material (e.g., coupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program) from the first user to the second user and/or users, seeking marketing material (e.g., coupon/advertisement/promotion/brand loyalty program) 1160A, (j) developing the learning algorithm 1300 (e.g., a machine learning/iterative learning-by-doing/natural learning algorithm in the software module 700) from a plurality of the users' activities, (k) utilizing the learning algorithm 1320 and (o) re-iterating all previous steps from (a) to (k) in a loop cycle 1340.
A method of enabling an intelligent, location based and personalized peer-to-peer microloan transaction can be realized by including at least the steps: (a) authenticating the user 1000, (b) understanding the first user's profile (an augmented identity is preferred) 1020, (c) authenticating a second user 1000A, (d) understanding the second user's profile (an augmented identity is preferred) 1020A, (e) determining the first user's location (real-time is preferred) 1100, (f) determining the second user's location (real-time is preferred) 1100A, (g) communicating and/or sharing with a plurality of the users for a collective need (an augmented identity is preferred) 1180, (h) determining the users' locations (real-time is preferred) 1100B, (i) determining legal parameters of a microloan 1200, (j) agreeing on legal parameters of the microloan 1220, (k) establishing a security protocol between the first user and the second user and/or users, seeking the microloan 1240, (l) delivering the microloan from the first user to the second user and/or users, seeking the microloan 1160B, (m) developing the learning algorithm 1300 (e.g., a machine learning/iterative learning-by-doing/natural learning algorithm in the software module 700) from a plurality of the users' activities, (n) utilizing the learning algorithm 1320 and (o) re-iterating all previous steps from (a) to (n) in a loop cycle 1340.
A method of enabling an intelligent, location based and personalized peer-to-peer microcontent transaction can be realized by including at least the steps: (a) authenticating the user 1000, (b) understanding the first user's profile (an augmented identity is preferred) 1020, (c) authenticating a second user 1000A, (d) understanding the second user's profile (an augmented identity is preferred) 1020A, (e) determining the first user's location (real-time is preferred) 1100, (f) determining the second user's location (real-time is preferred) 1100A, (g) communicating and/or sharing with a plurality of users for a collective need (an augmented identity is preferred) 1080, (h) determining the users' locations (real-time is preferred) 1100B, (i) determining legal parameters of microcontent transfer 1200 (j) agreeing on legal parameters of the microcontent transfer 1220, (k) establishing a security protocol between the first user and the second user and/or users, seeking the microcontent transfer 1240, (l) delivering the microcontent from the first user to the second user and/or users, seeking the microcontent 1160C, (m) developing the learning algorithm 1300 (e.g., a machine learning/iterative learning-by-doing/natural learning algorithm in the software module 700) from a plurality of the users' activities, (n) utilizing the learning algorithm 1320 and (o) re-iterating all previous steps from (a) to (n) in a loop cycle 1340.
An intelligent software agent can also search the internet automatically and recommend to the user a product/service/content based on the user's interests/preferences/patterns. The intelligence rendering software algorithm in the software module 700, allows the intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and the intelligent appliance 880 to adapt/learn/relearn the user's interests/preferences/patterns, thereby rendering intelligence.
For example, a bedroom clock connects/couples/interacts with the intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and/or the intelligent appliance 880 to automatically check on a traffic pattern/flight schedule via the internet, before deciding whether to fiddle with an alarm time without human input. When a rechargeable toothbrush detects a cavity in the teeth, it sends a signal through its electrical wiring and connects/couples/interacts with the intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and/or the intelligent appliance 880, automatically accesses a location based/assisted dentist's electronic appointment book for a consultation without human input.
The intelligent appliance 880, can integrate a chemical/biosensor module (e.g., to monitor/measure body temperature, % oxygen, heart rhythm blood glucose concentration, carbonyl sulfide gas emission due to a liver/lung disease and a biomarker for a disease parameter) with module specific software.
A zinc oxide nanostructure can detect many toxic chemicals. Also, a quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR laser (with an emission wavelength in mid-to-far infrared range) can detect a part per billion amount of carbonyl sulfide gas. Wavelength switching of a quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR laser can be achieved by temperature, utilizing a thin-film resistor/heater, while electrically insulating a laser bias current electrode. Wavelength switching by temperature is a slow (about ten milliseconds) thermal process. However, wavelength switching by electrical currents on multiple segments of a quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR laser is a rapid (about one millisecond) process. A larger wavelength tuning range (nm) can be achieved by an array (a monolithic array is preferred) of multi-segment quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR lasers. Furthermore, a quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR laser can emit in terahertz wavelength (85 μm to 150 μm) range, where a metal has a high reflectivity. Thus, a quantum cascade DFB/DBR/DR laser is ideal for metal detection (security).
A compact biomarker-on-a-chip to monitor/measure a disease parameter can be fabricated and constructed by analyzing a change in reflectance and/or a Raman shift and/or surface electric current due to a disease-related biomarker presence (with a specific antibody at about a picogram per mL concentration) on a surface of a two-dimensional/three-dimensional photonic crystal of dielectric material. Confirmation of a single biomarker is not conclusive for the onset/presence of a disease. Identifications of many biomarkers are necessary to predict the onset/presence of a disease. However, a two-dimensional/three-dimensional photonic crystal of dielectric material, incident with a multi-wavelength (blue, green and red) light source can be utilized for simultaneous identifications of many biomarkers of a disease. A multi-wavelength (blue, green and red) light source can be fabricated and constructed as follows: optically pumping different-sized photonic crystals, whereas the photonic crystals can individually emit blue, green and red light based on their inherent sizes. Optical pumping can be generated from optical emission by electrical activation of semiconductor quantum-wells. Blue, green and red light can be multiplexed/combined to generate white light. A Raman shift scattered by the biomarker requires an expensive high-performance laser. However, a Raman sensor (requires an inexpensive CD laser and a wavelength tunable filter) can monitor/measure a Raman shift due to a disease-related biomarker presence. A biomarker molecule can induce a change in surface induced electric current when it binds to an atomically thin graphene surface (graphene's electronic sensitivity to biomolecular adsorption). Thin graphene surface may contain graphene oxide.
Alternatively, a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based Raman probe can be adopted, utilizing a substrate (e.g., a graphene/graphene oxide substrate), a miniature spectrophotometer and a laser (e.g., a 785 nm laser) to detect a presence of a disease-related biomarker. The substrate can have an array or a network of three-dimensional (metal) structures to enhance surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy based Raman signal.
Details of a three-dimensional (metal) structure(s) have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/602,906 entitled “OPTICAL BIOMODULE TO DETECT DISEASES AT AN EARLY ONSET”, filed on Jan. 6, 2020 and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
Details of a three-dimensional (metal) structure(s) have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/731,577 entitled “OPTICAL BIOMODULE TO DETECT DISEASES AT AN EARLY ONSET”, filed on Jul. 3, 2017 and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
Details of a three-dimensional (metal structure(s)) have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/663,376 entitled “OPTICAL BIOMODULE TO DETECT DISEASES”, filed on Oct. 29, 2012 and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
However, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy hot spot is generally less than 10 nm and a biomarker (e.g., bacteria/virus) is generally much larger in diameter than 10 nm. This size mismatch can yield poor reliability in detection of a biomarker.
A volume-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (VERS) based Raman probe signal of a biomarker can be obtained within a fluidic container, utilizing paramagnetic magnetic nanoparticles, Raman active molecules (wherein each Raman active molecule is functionalized with a biomarker selective/specific biomarker binder), a miniature spectrophotometer and a laser.
Alternatively, silver nanoparticles labeled with Raman active molecules (wherein each Raman active molecule is functionalized with a biomarker selective/specific biomarker binder) can be mixed with a biomarker. This mixture can propagate through a fluidic channel (alternatively, the fluidic channel can have an array of angled (about 70 degree angle) silver nanorods, without the need of silver nanoparticles in the first place) at the focus of a laser to generate surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy signal by the Raman active molecules.
In general, a Raman probe can include either a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy based Raman probe or a volume-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (VERS) based Raman probe.
The above Raman sensor/Raman probe may detect a presence of a disease-related biomarker in a virus laden pandemic.
The above Raman sensor/Raman probe can enable location based autonomous reporting/autonomous contact tracing, when it is coupled with the intelligent appliance 880 and/or a wearable device to measure health parameters (e.g., body temperature, oxygen saturation, heart rate and blood pressure).
Details of a wearable device have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/602,404 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF AMBIENT/PERVASIVE USER/HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCE”, filed on Sep. 28, 2019 and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
Furthermore, an array of graphene biosensors can detect many biomarkers of a disease thus, enabling a personalized ultra-compact diagnostic module, which can be connected/coupled/interacted with the intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and the intelligent appliance 880.
A biological lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is a module that integrates a few bioanalytical functions on a single chip to perform point-of-care disease diagnostics. A miniature biological lab-on-a-chip module manufactured by Ostendum (www.ostendum.com) can be integrated (by inserting into an electro-mechanical cavity) with the intelligent appliance 880 to perform point-of-care disease diagnostics reliably, quickly and economically. Such a lab result can be transmitted from the intelligent appliance 880 to a location based/assisted physician for interpretation without human input. Furthermore, electrically powered by a nano-generator, zinc oxide nanowires fabricated on gallium nitride/indium gallium nitride/aluminum gallium nitride can be a nanolight source for a biological lab-on-a-chip.
Holographic images of the user's genes/proteins can be stored in the intelligent appliance 880 and such holographic images can enable a physician/surgeon to design a personalized medical and/or surgical treatment.
Furthermore, the intelligent appliance 880 can store a user's encrypted heath data, coupled with a block chain. The intelligent appliance 880 can transmit the user's encrypted heath data (coupled with a block chain) to a medical professional (e.g., a doctor).
Details of a user's encrypted heath data, coupled with a block chain have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/602,404 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF AMBIENT/PERVASIVE USER/HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCE”, filed on Sep. 28, 2019 and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
Many software modules, as discussed above can consume significant electrical power due to computational complexities. Alternatively, many software modules can be processed at a secure remote/cloud server. Software modules can be embedded within the intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and/or the intelligent appliance 880, if electrical power consumption and/or thermal management are feasible. Effective thermal management is critical to fabricate and construct a high-performance intelligent appliance 880. Thermal resistance must be minimized at all material interfaces and materials with closely matching thermal expansion coefficients must be used.
Graphene can be viewed as a plane of carbon atoms extracted from a graphite crystal. Multiple-atomic layers of graphene are easier to fabricate than a single-atomic layer graphene and multiple-atomic layers of graphene retain thermal conductivity of a single-atomic layer graphene. A nanoscaled graphene heat pipe can be utilized to cool a hot spot within the intelligent appliance 880. For efficient thermal management, a heat sink/heat spreader of graphene/diamond/aluminum nitride/copper/aluminum/silicon/material with closely matching thermal expansion coefficients can be attached (e.g., to the processor module 760) by utilizing an interface heat transfer material (e.g., Indigo™ www.enerdynesolutions.com). However, a significant (about 10×) heat transfer of a heat sink/heat spreader can be gained by creating a nanostructured (e.g., zinc oxide nanostructures fabricated by microreactor assisted nanomaterial deposition process) surface on the heat sink/heat spreader. Furthermore, microchannels can be fabricated by a laser machining method onto the heat sink/heat spreader for passive air and/or active (air/liquid/micro-scale ion cloud) cooling.
A microscale ion cloud can be generated as follows: on one side of graphene based microchannels is a carbon nanotube negative electrode, when a negative voltage is switched on, electrons jump from a negative electrode toward a positive electrode, colliding with air molecules near a hot spot thus, dissipating heat and producing a microscale cloud of positively charge ions. A microscale cloud of positively charge ions drifts towards a present negative electrode. However, before it reaches the present negative electrode, voltage is switched on to another negative electrode at a different position. Forward and reverse wind of a microscale cloud of positively charge ions (created by changing the positions of negative electrodes) can cool a hot spot within the intelligent appliance 880. Alternatively, high-efficiency nanostructured 50 A° thick Sb2Te3/10 A° thick Bi2Te3-based thin-film superlattices thermoelectric cooler (TEC)/microrefrigerator (1 mm×3 mm) can also be utilized to cool a hot spot within the intelligent appliance 880. However, significant thermoelectric cooler (TEC)/microrefrigerator efficiency can be gained by fabricating a quantum wire/quantum dot, transitioning from a two-dimensional superlattice.
Furthermore, the intelligent appliance 880 can be charged via resonant electromagnetic inductive coupling energy transfer without a physical wire.
Aluminum/magnesium alloys have small building blocks-called nanocrystal grains with crystal defects. Nanocrystal grains with crystal defects are mechanically stronger than perfect aluminum/magnesium crystals. The intelligent appliance 880's outer package can be constructed from a nanoengineered aluminum/magnesium alloy, liquid Metal® alloy (www.liquidmetal.com), a carbon-polymer composite (carbon fiber embedded with a molten polymer injection mold) and magnesium metal. Furthermore, an antenna can be constructed from a carbon fiber embedded with a metal/conducting polymer.
The intelligent subscriber subsystem 340 and the intelligent appliance 880 are both context-aware (inferred from the user's past/present activities, extracted from the user's content/data and explicit in the user's profile) and sensor-aware (inferred from data/image/patterns from the object(s) 720).
Furthermore, the intelligent appliance 880 can be coupled with an augmented reality device and/or application (app). An augmented reality application can enable a user to share location based near real-time/real-time snapshots/holographic snapshots of the contextual world (or contextual situation) around the user—a way of viewing the world through someone else's eyes on his/her way to a place/event.
For example, the user is watching the 2016 NBA final game between the Cleveland Cavaliers v. Golden State Warriors, the user (along with his/her personalized social graph and/or social geotag of geographical data (latitude & longitude) with videos, photographs, websites, e-mails and status updates) may color enhance/edit/geofilter/geotag/personalize the near real-time/real-time snapshots/holographic snapshots of Lebron James blocking the shot of the Golden State Warriors' Andre Iguodala like “unbelievable—superman/batman performance by Lebron James” by either text input or text command in natural language or voice command in natural language from the intelligent appliance 880.
Furthermore, color enhanced/edited/geofiltered/geotagged/personalized holographic snapshots an individual player can enable a location based Pokémon Go like video game of an individual player.
Details of the augmented reality application have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/873,033 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MACHINE LEARNING AND AUGMENTED REALITY BASED USER APPLICATION”, filed on Jan. 18, 2020 and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
Details of the augmented reality device and application have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/602,404 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF AMBIENT/PERVASIVE USER/HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCE”, filed on Sep. 28, 2019 and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
Details of the augmented reality device have been described/disclosed in U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/120,835 entitled “AUGMENTED REALITY PERSONAL ASSISTANT APPARATUS”, filed on Jul. 1, 2014, (which resulted in a U.S. Pat. No. 9,823,737, issued on Nov. 21, 2017) and in its related U.S. non-provisional patent applications (with all benefit provisional patent applications) are incorporated in its entirety herein with this application.
In the above disclosed specifications “I” has been used to indicate an “or”.
As used in this application and in the claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include also the plural forms, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The term “includes” means “comprises”. The term “including” means “comprising”.
The term “couples” or “coupled” does not exclude the presence of an intermediate element(s) between the coupled items.
Any dimension in the above disclosed specifications is by way of an approximation only and not by way of any limitation.
Any example in the above disclosed specifications is by way of an example only and not by way of any limitation. Having described and illustrated the principles of the disclosed technology with reference to the illustrated embodiments, it will be recognized that the illustrated embodiments can be modified in any arrangement and detail with departing from such principles. The technologies from any example can be combined in any arrangement with the technologies described in any one or more of the other examples. Alternatives specifically addressed in this application are merely exemplary and do not constitute all possible examples. Claimed invention is disclosed as one of several possibilities or as useful separately or in various combinations. See Novozymes A/S v. DuPont Nutrition Biosciences APS, 723 F3d 1336,1347.
The best mode requirement “requires an inventor(s) to disclose the best mode contemplated by him/her, as of the time he/she executes the application, of carrying out the invention.” “ . . . [T]he existence of a best mode is a purely subjective matter depending upon what the inventor(s) actually believed at the time the application was filed.” See Bayer AG v. Schein Pharmaceuticals, Inc. The best mode requirement still exists under the America Invents Act (AIA). At the time of the invention, the inventor(s) described preferred best mode embodiments of the present invention. The sole purpose of the best mode requirement is to restrain the inventor(s) from applying for a patent, while at the same time concealing from the public preferred embodiments of their inventions, which they have in fact conceived. The best mode inquiry focuses on the inventor(s)′ state of mind at the time he/she filed the patent application, raising a subjective factual question. The specificity of disclosure required to comply with the best mode requirement must be determined by the knowledge of facts within the possession of the inventor(s) at the time of filing the patent application. See Glaxo, Inc. v. Novopharm Ltd., 52 F.3d 1043, 1050 (Fed. Cir. 1995). The above disclosed specifications are the preferred best mode embodiments of the present invention. However, they are not intended to be limited only to the preferred best mode embodiments of the present invention.
Embodiment by definition is a manner in which an invention can be made or used or practiced or expressed. “A tangible form or representation of the invention” is an embodiment.
Numerous variations and/or modifications are possible within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the disclosed preferred best mode embodiments are to be construed as illustrative only. Those who are skilled in the art can make various variations and/or modifications without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention. It should be apparent that features of one embodiment can be combined with one or more features of another embodiment to form a plurality of embodiments. The inventor(s) of the present invention is not required to describe each and every conceivable and possible future embodiment in the preferred best mode embodiments of the present invention. See SRI Int'l v. Matsushita Elec. Corp. of America, 775F.2d 1107, 1121, 227 U.S.P.Q. (BNA) 577, 585 (Fed. Cir. 1985) (enbanc).
The scope and spirit of this invention shall be defined by the claims and the equivalents of the claims only. The exclusive use of all variations and/or modifications within the scope of the claims is reserved. The general presumption is that claim terms should be interpreted using their plain and ordinary meaning. See Oxford Immunotec Ltd. v. Qiagen, Inc. et al., Action No. 15-cv-13124-NMG. Unless a claim term is specifically defined in the preferred best mode embodiments, then a claim term has an ordinary meaning, as understood by a person with an ordinary skill in the art, at the time of the present invention. Plain claim language will not be narrowed, unless the inventor(s) of the present invention clearly and explicitly disclaims broader claim scope. See Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co. v. Emcure Pharm. Ltd., Case Nos. 17-1798; -1799; -1800 (Fed. Cir. Apr. 16, 2018) (Stoll, J). As noted long ago: “Specifications teach. Claims claim”. See Rexnord Corp. v. Laitram Corp., 274 F.3d 1336, 1344 (Fed. Cir. 2001). The rights of claims (and rights of the equivalents of the claims) under the Doctrine of Equivalents-meeting the “Triple Identity Test” (a) performing substantially the same function, (b) in substantially the same way and (c) yielding substantially the same result. See Crown Packaging Tech., Inc. v. Rexam Beverage Can Co., 559 F.3d 1308, 1312 (Fed. Cir. 2009)) of the present invention are not narrowed or limited by the selective imports of the specifications (of the preferred embodiments of the present invention) into the claims.
There are number of ways the written description requirement is satisfied. Applicant(s) does not need to describe every claim element exactly, because there is no such requirement (MPEP § 2163). Rather to satisfy the written description requirement, all that is required is “reasonable clarity” (MPEP § 2163.02). An adequate description may be made in anyway through express, implicit or even inherent disclosures in the application, including word, structures, figures, diagrams and/or equations (MPEP §§ 2163(1), 2163.02). The set of claims in this invention generally covers a set of sufficient number of embodiments to conform to written description and enablement doctrine. See Ariad Pharm., Inc. v. Eli Lilly & Co., 598 F.3d 1336, 1355 (Fed. Cir. 2010), Regents of the University of California v. Eli Lilly & Co., 119 F.3d 1559 (Fed. Cir. 1997) & Amgen Inc. v. Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. 927 F.2d 1200 (Fed. Cir. 1991).
Drawings under 37 C.F.R. § 1.83(a): In particular, as outlined in MPEP 608.02 Drawing [R-07.2015], the statutory requirement for showing the claimed invention only requires that the “applicant shall furnish a drawing where necessary for the understanding of the subject matter to be patented . . . ” (See 35 U.S.C. § 113, See also 37 CFR § 1.81(a), which states “[t]he applicant for a patent is required to furnish a drawing of the invention where necessary for the understanding of the subject matter sought to be patented . . . ”).
Furthermore, Amgen Inc. v. Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. exemplifies Federal Circuit's strict enablement requirements. Additionally, the set of claims in this invention is intended to inform the scope of this invention with “reasonable certainty”. See Interval Licensing, LLC v. AOL Inc. (Fed. Cir. Sep. 10, 2014). A key aspect of the enablement requirement is that it only requires that others will not have to perform “undue experimentation” to reproduce it. Enablement is not precluded by the necessity of some experimentation, “[t]he key word is ‘undue’, not experimentation.” Enablement is generally considered to be the most important factor for determining the scope of claim protection allowed. The scope of enablement must be commensurate with the scope of the claims. However, enablement does not require that an inventor disclose every possible embodiment of his invention. The scope of enablement must be commensurate with the scope of the claims. The scope of the claims must be less than or equal to the scope of enablement. See Promega v. Life Technologies Fed. Cir., December 2014, Magsil v. Hitachi Global Storage Fed. Cir. August 2012.
The term “means” was not used nor intended nor implied in the disclosed preferred best mode embodiments of the present invention. Thus, the inventor(s) has not limited the scope of the claims as mean plus function.
An apparatus claim with functional language is not an impermissible “hybrid” claim; instead, it is simply an apparatus claim including functional limitations. Additionally, “apparatus claims are not necessarily indefinite for using functional language . . . [f]unctional language may also be employed to limit the claims without using the means-plus-function format.” See National Presto Industries, Inc. v. The West Bend Co., 76 F. 3d 1185 (Fed. Cir. 1996), R.A.C.C. Indus. v. Stun-Tech, Inc., 178 F.3d 1309 (Fed. Cir. 1998) (unpublished), Microprocessor Enhancement Corp. v. Texas Instruments Inc. & Williamson v. Citrix Online, LLC, 792 F.3d 1339 (2015).
The present application is a continuation patent application of (a) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/602,095 entitled “Intelligent Subsystem In Access Networks”, filed on Aug. 5, 2019,wherein (a) is a continuation patent application of (b) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/350,132 entitled “Intelligent Subsystem In Access Networks”, filed on Oct. 2, 2018,wherein (b) is a continuation patent application of (c) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/731,313 entitled “Access Communication System With Object/Intelligent Appliance-To-Object/Intelligent Appliance Interaction”, filed on May 23, 2017, (which resulted in a U.S. Pat. No. 10,154,326, issued on Dec. 11, 2018),wherein (c) is a continuation patent application of (d) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/999,984 entitled “Dynamic Intelligent Bidirectional Optical Access Communication System With Object/Intelligent Appliance-To-Object/Intelligent Appliance Interaction”, filed on Jul. 25, 2016, (which resulted in a U.S. Pat. No. 9,723,388, issued on Aug. 1, 2017),wherein (d) is a continuation patent application of (e) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/014,239 entitled “Dynamic Intelligent Bidirectional Optical Access Communication System With Object/Intelligent Appliance-To-Object/Intelligent Appliance Interaction”, filed on Aug. 29, 2013, (which resulted in a U.S. Pat. No. 9,426,545, issued on Aug. 23, 2016),wherein (e) is a continuation patent application of (f) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 12/931,384 entitled “Dynamic Intelligent Bidirectional Optical Access Communication System With Object/Intelligent Appliance-To-Object/Intelligent Appliance Interaction”, filed on Jan. 31, 2011, (which resulted in a U.S. Pat. No. 8,548,334, issued on Oct. 1, 2013),wherein (f) claims the benefit of priority to (g) U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/404,504 entitled “Dynamic Intelligent Bidirectional Optical Access Communication System With Object/Intelligent Appliance-To-Object/Intelligent Appliance Interaction”, filed on Oct. 5, 2010,wherein (f) is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of (h) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 12/238,286 entitled “Portable Internet Appliance”, filed on Sep. 25, 2008, andwherein (h) is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of (i) U.S. U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 11/952,001, entitled “Dynamic Intelligent Bidirectional Optical and Wireless Access Communication System, filed on Dec. 6, 2007, (which resulted in a U.S. Pat. No. 8,073,331, issued on Dec. 6, 2011),wherein (i) claims the benefit of priority to(j) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/970,487 entitled “Intelligent Internet Device”, filed on Sep. 6, 2007,(k) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/883,727 entitled “Wavelength Shifted Dynamic Bidirectional System”, filed on Jan. 5, 2007,(l) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/868,838 entitled “Wavelength Shifted Dynamic Bidirectional System”, filed on Dec. 6, 2006,a continuation-in-part (CIP) patent application of (m) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/602,404 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD OF AMBIENT/PERVASIVE USER/HEALTHCARE EXPERIENCE”, filed on Sep. 28, 2019,a continuation-in-part (CIP) patent application of (n) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/873,033 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MACHINE LEARNING AND AUGMENTED REALITY BASED USER APPLICATION”, filed on Jan. 18, 2020. The entire contents of all (i) U.S. Non-Provisional Pat. Applications, (ii) U.S. Provisional Patent applications, as listed in the previous paragraph and (iii) the filed (Pat.) Application Data Sheet (ADS) are hereby incorporated by reference, as if they are reproduced herein in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61404504 | Oct 2010 | US | |
| 60970487 | Sep 2007 | US | |
| 60883727 | Jan 2007 | US | |
| 60868838 | Dec 2006 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16602095 | Aug 2019 | US |
| Child | 16873521 | US | |
| Parent | 16350132 | Oct 2018 | US |
| Child | 16602095 | US | |
| Parent | 15731313 | May 2017 | US |
| Child | 16350132 | US | |
| Parent | 14999984 | Jul 2016 | US |
| Child | 15731313 | US | |
| Parent | 14014239 | Aug 2013 | US |
| Child | 14999984 | US | |
| Parent | 12931384 | Jan 2011 | US |
| Child | 14014239 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12238286 | Sep 2008 | US |
| Child | 12931384 | US | |
| Parent | 11952001 | Dec 2007 | US |
| Child | 12238286 | US | |
| Parent | 16602404 | Sep 2019 | US |
| Child | 11952001 | US | |
| Parent | 16873033 | Jan 2020 | US |
| Child | 16602404 | US |
