Patent Application
20060149851
The present invention relates to an inter-router adjustment method, router priority calculation device and router device for deciding master and backup routers in a virtual router system having a plurality of physical router devices to operate virtually as one router device.
There is known a system using a virtual router redundancy protocol (hereinafter, referred to as “VRRP”) described in “Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol for IPv6”, the Internet <URL: http://www.ietf/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-vrrp-ipv6-spec-03.txt>, to realize a virtual router system on an IP (Internet Protocol) network. This system has a plurality of physical router devices, for communication with external networks, belonged to the same sub-network. This is constituted with a master router for communication between the external network and the sub-network, and a backup router as a stand-by router device to act as an alternative in the event of a trouble occurring in the router device operating as a master router.
Within the same sub-network, one is taken as a master router out of a group of routers having the same VRID, to actually deliver a packet. In the event that a trouble occurs in the master router, a backup router 1002 switches itself into a master router and delivers a packet. The master router and the backup router indicate virtually the same address (virtual router address) to the nodes. The host nodes transmits a packet with use of a virtual router address as a default router without the consciousness of master and backup routers.
The master router 1001 transmits regularly a VRRP advertisement packet containing a priority for the relevant device that is to become a master router, to the backup router 1002. The backup router 1002, when receiving a VRRP advertisement packet from the master router having a priority higher than the priority of its own in a constant time period (master down-timeout), resets a master down-timeout timer and confirms that the master router 1001 is operating. Meanwhile, the backup router, when receiving a VRRP advertisement packet from the master router 1001 having a priority lower than the priority of its own, discards the VRRP advertisement packet as it is without resetting the master down-timeout timer. The backup router 1002, when the master down-timeout timer expires, decides that a trouble occurred in the master router 1001, thus becoming a master router and transmitting a VRRP advertisement packet to the routers within the same group. Incidentally, the master down-timeout value is set shorter for the higher priority and longer for the lower priority. For this reason, the router device having the highest priority is to become a master router. Therefore, the master router 1001 can be set up in accordance with priority.
Meanwhile, there is disclosed an art that is to exchange mutual-monitoring messages at regular intervals between master and backup routers thereby detecting a trouble earlier and speeding up the switchover process (see JP-A-7-264233, for example).
However, there is a problem, in the VRRP, that the user is required to previously set up a priority for deciding master and backup routers based on a system operating policy.
Meanwhile, there is a problem that the priority once established on each router could not be changed flexibly during operation of the system.
Particularly, when considering that a configuration in which, of a plurality of physical router devices belonging to the same sub-network, a certain physical router device utilizes a cellular telephone network in connection to an external network while the other physical router device uses a local area network, is applied to a mobile network to continue communication even when the sub-network entirety moves, there is a dynamic change in the connection status to the external network in accordance with movement. Thus, there is a need of occasional switchover to a router device in good connection status. Therefore, it is requisite to flexibly change the setting during system operation.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an inter-router adjustment method, router priority calculation device and router device capable of determining priorities of physical router devices for deciding master and backup routers and switching over flexibly the master router in accordance with the determined priorities.
The inter-router adjustment method, router priority calculation device and router device of the invention is adapted for obtaining, by calculation, the priorities of physical router devices that are to constitute master and backup routers from at lest one of pieces of router status information of a line status, a process burden and a battery remaining capacity of the physical router device. By forwarding the obtained priorities onto the network, notification can be made to the physical router devices.
This can automatically set up the priorities of physical router devices and flexibly change the master router during system operation, in a system to constitute master and backup routers by means of a plurality of physical router devices.
An inter-router adjustment method of the invention comprises: an information request step of requesting router status information to all router devices belonging to a same sub-network; a step of acquiring the router status information and calculating priorities for deciding a router device that is to become an operating status based on the router status information so that the plurality of router devices can operate virtually as one router device; and a step of deciding a first router device that is to become an operating status and a second router device to be in a standby status, according to the priorities.
This can provide a function to dynamically constitute master and backup routers by utilization of the priorities determined from router status information of the plurality of physical router devices.
Meanwhile, an inter-router adjustment method of the invention comprises: an information request step of requesting router status information to all router devices belonging to a same sub-network; a step of acquiring the router status information and calculating a priority for deciding a router device that is to become an operating status based on the router status information so that the plurality of router devices can operate virtually as one router device; a step of transmitting the priorities calculated for the router devices respectively to the router devices; and a step of deciding whether a first router device which received the priority becomes an operating status, depending upon the priority of its own and the priority of a second router device received from the second router device being in an operating status.
Due to this, because the plurality of physical router devices are allowed to know their own priorities, dynamic switchover is possible between master and backup routers.
Meanwhile, an inter-router adjustment method of the invention further includes a step of adjusting the priorities between the router devices depending upon a significance of the router status information.
This can provide a function to flexibly adjusting the priority of the physical router device determined from the router status information of a plurality of physical router devices by taking account of the statuses of the other physical routers belonging to the same sub-network, and to dynamically constitute master and backup routers by notifying the priority adjusted.
Meanwhile, in an inter-router adjustment method of the invention, request for the router status information is periodically made in the information request step. This provides a function that, because master and backup routers are to be dynamically constituted by utilization of the priorities determined at a regular interval, efficient system operation is made feasible that is to follow up the dynamically changing physical-router status.
Meanwhile, in an inter-router adjustment method of the invention, request for the router status information is made according to a request from a communication device including the router devices connected to the same sub-network. This provides a function that efficient system operation is made feasible by receiving a notification with detection of master or backup router trouble from another device and re-constituting master and backup routers immediately.
Meanwhile, in an inter-router adjustment method of the invention, calculating the priorities is made when there is a change in the router status information acquired. This makes it possible to grasp the change of router status information about the physical router device. Accordingly, there is provided a function that, by automatically re-constituting master and backup routers by utilization of the determined priority, efficient system operation is made feasible.
Meanwhile, in an inter-router adjustment method of the invention, the router status information is at least any one of a line status, a processing burden and a battery remaining capacity of the router device itself.
Because this can obtain a priority as to the physical router device, there is provided a function that master and backup routers can be dynamically constituted by utilization of the priority determined.
A router priority calculation device of the invention comprises: a router information gathering section for gathering router status information of router devices belonging to a same sub-network; a priority calculating section for calculating priorities deciding a router device that is to become an operating status based on the router status information so that a plurality of router devices can operate virtually as one router device; and a priority notifying section for notifying the priorities calculated respectively for the router devices to the router device.
This provides a function to dynamically constitute master and backup routers by notifying a priority determined from the router status information about a plurality of physical router devices.
A router priority calculation device of the invention comprises: a router information gathering section for gathering router status information of router devices belonging to a same sub-network; a priority calculating section for calculating priorities deciding a router device that is to become an operating status based on the router status information so that a plurality of router devices can operate virtually as one router device; a master deciding section for deciding a first router device that is to become an operating status and a second router device to be in a standby status, according to the priorities; and a master notifying section for notifying information identifying the decided router device to the router device.
Because this can decide unambiguously a router device that is to become a master router and notification is possible to that router device, there is provided a function that master and backup routers can be dynamically configured without encountering a conflict between the router devices.
Meanwhile, the router information gathering section of a router priority calculation device of the invention has a comparing section for comparing the router status information newly acquired with existing router status information, to instruct the priority calculating section to re-calculate a priority when the comparing section detects a difference in the router status information. Due to this, by calculating and notifying a priority only when there is a change from the router status information received earlier, there is provided a function that efficient system operation is made feasible.
Meanwhile, in a router priority calculation device of the invention, the router information gathering section has an information request section for requesting the router status information to the router device.
Because this enables to grasp the status of the physical router device by request of the router priority calculation device, there is provided a function that master and backup routers can be dynamically constituted by notifying the priority determined.
Meanwhile, in a router priority calculation device of the invention, the router information gathering section has a timer, the information request section requesting the router status information when receiving a time-up notification from the timer.
This can notify the priorities determined regularly from the status of the physical router device. By dynamically constituting master and backup routers by utilization of the priorities determined regularly, there is provided a function that efficient system operation is made feasible that is to follow up the physical router status varying dynamically.
Meanwhile, the router information gathering section of a router priority calculation device of the invention further includes an update request receiving section for receiving an update request for the priority from a communication device including the router devices connected to the same sub-network, the update request receiving section, when receiving the update request, making a notification to the information request section whereby the information request section requests the router status information to the router device.
This can receive a notification with a detection of trouble on the virtual router device from another device, request router status information to the router devices and notify the newest priority. By dynamically re-configuring master and backup routers with utilization of the determined priority, there is provided a function to enable efficient system operation.
Meanwhile, a router priority calculation device of the invention, is comprised of: a router information gathering section for gathering router status information of router devices belonging to a same sub-network; a priority calculating section for calculating priorities deciding, from the router status information, a router device that is to become an operating status so that a plurality of router devices can operate virtually as one router device; a master deciding section for deciding a router device that is to become an operating status according to the priorities; and a master notifying section for notifying information identifying the decided router device to the router device.
This can determine and notify a priority depending upon a change in the router status information about the physical router device. By dynamically re-configuring master and backup routers with utilization of the determined priority, there is provided a function to enable efficient system operation.
Meanwhile, a router device of the invention comprises: a status notifying section for forwarding router status information comprising at least any one of a line status, a process burden and a battery remaining capacity; a priority receiving section for receiving a priority deciding a router device that is to become an operating status so that a plurality of router devices belonging to a same sub-network can operate virtually as one router device; and a master deciding section for deciding whether to become an operating status or a standby status, according to the priority received and a priority of the first router device notified from a first router device in an operating status.
This can switch over the router operation depending upon a priority determined from the physical routers connected to the same sub-network, thereby making it possible to dynamically configure master and backup routers. Thus, there is provided a function to enable efficient system operation.
Meanwhile, in a router device of the invention, the status notifying section forwards periodically the router status information onto the sub-network.
This can grasp the status of the physical router device regularly. By dynamically configuring master and backup routers with utilization of the regularly determined priority, there is provided a function to enable efficient system operation.
Meanwhile, in a router device of the invention, there is further included an information request receiving section for receiving a request for the router status information, to forward the router status information onto the sub-network depending upon the request the status notifying section received.
Due to this, by receiving a router status information notification request and notifying the router status information about the device concerned, the status of the physical router device can be grasped. By dynamically configuring master and backup routers with utilization of the determined priority, there is provided a function to enable efficient system operation.
Meanwhile, in a router device of the invention, there is further included a status monitor section for monitoring a change in the router status information, the status monitor section, when detecting a change in the router status information, making a notification to the information notifying section whereby the information notifying section forwards a latest router status information onto the sub-network.
This can grasp a change in the router status information about the physical router device. By dynamically configuring master and backup routers with utilization of the determined priority, there is provided a function to enable efficient system operation.
Meanwhile, a local network system of the invention comprises a router device according to the invention, and a router priority calculation device according to the invention.
This can automatically set up priorities of the physical router devices that are to constitute master and backup routers, according to a priority notified by the router priority calculation device. Also, the priority of the physical router device can be flexibly changed during system operation. Communication can be efficiently continued even where there is a dynamic change in the status of physical router device due to movement thereof, e.g. mobile network.
As described above, according to the invention, physical-router-device priority setting can be made automatically and flexibly depending upon a change in the physical router device status.
Hereunder, embodiments of the present invention will be explained by using the drawings.
In
The operation of the network system arranged as above is explained on the basis of a sequence of
In the network system shown in
Then, the physical router devices, 21 and 22 forward the status information about the physical router 21, 22 to the router priority calculation device 20 through the local network 11 (step S72).
Then, the priority calculation device 20 which received the router status information calculates a priority of the router device depending thereupon (step S73). The router calculation device 20 notifies the obtained priority to the router device 21, 22 through the local network (step S74).
Of the physical router devices 21, 22 notified of priorities, the physical router device which is the highest in priority operates as a master router (step S75) while the other router device operates as a backup router (step S76), in accordance with the priorities notified.
Incidentally, although the present embodiment, at step S71, allows the router priority calculation device 20 to request router status information to the physical router device 21, 22, the physical router device 21, 22 may forward router status information spontaneously.
The operation of the network system arranged as above is explained below on each of its constituent devices.
First of all, the physical router 21 or 22 in embodiment 1 is shown as an example of its detailed configuration diagram in
In
The physical router device 21 configured as above is explained below as to its operation by using
In the physical router 21, the information gathering section 112 gathers information about the physical router device (step S1101). The information to be gathered assumably includes line status, line information, etc. of the physical link 117, battery remaining capacity status of the physical router device 21 provided that the physical router 21 is a portable device, the current process burden on the physical router 21, and so on. The circuit status includes connection status to an external network, transmission speed, error condition and congestion degree. Circuit information refers to billing information, e.g. fee charge per 1-bite transfer, security and the like. Incidentally, the information noted above is mere one example. It is possible to gather information other than the above in order for use in priority calculation.
Then, the packet generating section 113 packetizes the respective pieces of information gathered by the information gathering section 112, in order to notify those to the priority calculation device 20 (step S1102). Incidentally, the packet used here can be considered a packet as in the second layer or third layer of the OSI reference model.
Then, the network interface 114 forwards the packet generated by the packet generating section 113, onto the local network 11 (step S1103). There is shown in
In
Besides the above, congestion degree is represented in a time communication is actually done on a unit-time-averaged basis. Process load is normalized as a division of transfer packet count per unit time by the maximum transferable packet count. The normalization process of status information is not limited to the above but is satisfactorily defined so as not to cause incorrectness between the router devices. Incidentally, transmission is by selecting a router having its own status and allowed for communication.
In the above process of from a gathering of to a transmission of information as to the status of the physical router device 21, 22, router status information is forwarded regularly or at a constant time interval. Otherwise, router status information is forwarded when receiving a transmission request for status information from the priority calculation device 20 or other device connected to the local network 11. Meanwhile, although not shown in
Using
When the network interface 114 receives a packet from the local network 11, packet type is first decided at the routing control section 111 (step S1104).
Then, when the received packet is decided to be a packet notifying the priority of physical router 21 or 22, the routing control section 111 reports it to the priority setting section 110. The priority setting section 110 set/update, in the management function table 118, a priority notified by the packet that the priority of physical router device 21 or 22 has been received from the routing control section 111 (step S1105).
Then, the priority setting section 110 compares the priority of the relevant device with a priority of the other device depending upon the set/updated priority of from the management function table 118, and outputs, to the routing control section 111, an instruction for a switchover as a master router when the priority of the relevant device is the higher (step S1106) or as a backup router when the priority of the relevant device is the lower. Thus, the routing control section 111 makes a switchover operation (step S1107).
In the case of operation as a master router, packet transfer process is carried out as the usual router function shown in the following. In the case of a backup router, the transfer process is not made.
The packet transfer process is explained for the case of operation as a master router. The routing control section 111, when deciding that the packet the network interface 114 received from the local network 11 is a packet to be transferred onto the external network 12, forwards the relevant packet from the network interface 115 to the external network 12.
Meanwhile, the routing control section 111, when deciding that the packet the network interface 115 received from the local network 12 is a packet to be transferred onto the external network 11, forwards the relevant packet from the network interface 114 onto the local network 11.
Explanation is now made on the router priority calculation device 20.
Using
At first, the router priority calculation device 20, when receiving a packet from the network interface 121 (step S1201), decides a packet type at the packet-type deciding section 122 (step S1202).
Then, when the packet-type deciding section 122 decides the received packet as router-status information concerning the status of the physical router device 21 or 22, the priority calculating section 123 calculates a priority of the physical router 21 or 22, or transmission source of the information, depending upon the foregoing information (step S1203). How to calculate a priority, in concrete, is referred later.
Then, the packet generating section 124 packetizes the calculated priority in order to notify the physical router 21 or 22 thereof. Incidentally, the packet used here is a packet as in the second or third layer of the OSI reference model.
Then, the network interface 121 forwards the packet generated by the packet generating section 124, onto the local network 11 (step S1204).
Here, one example is shown as to how to calculate a priority in the priority calculating section 123.
In the router device 21 or 22, provided that the status (0: link disconnected, 1: link connected) of the physical link 116, physical-link error rate (0: high error rate to 1: low error rate) and battery remaining capacity (0: insufficient remaining capacity to 1: sufficient remaining capacity) are taken as pieces of information for use in priority calculation, then the priority Pr is calculated by (Equation 1) given in the following.
Pr=A×(status)+B(error rate)+C×(battery remaining capacity) (1)
Incidentally, A, B and C are constants given as A+B+C=255 and assumed as weights on the foregoing information in priority calculation. Namely, provided that A=128, B=82 and C=45, significance is given the most to the physical link status in calculating a priority Pr while significance is given the least to the battery remaining capacity. Incidentally, although (Equation 1) calculates a priority from three pieces of information, the information for use in the priority calculation is not limited to these three information but may be used more other information, e.g. physical router device process burden, connected line band, congestion degree, etc.
Meanwhile, although router priority is calculated within the range of 0-255 in (Equation 1), the range of priority can be set up desirably.
There is shown in
Incidentally, in the present embodiment, although the router priority calculating device 20 was explained as an independent device connected to the local network 11, it can be built in the physical router 21, 22 and further in the host 23-25.
From the above, according to the present embodiment, in a local network connected, by transmission mediums, with at least one host, at least one physical router device and at least one router priority calculation device, the router priority calculation device automatically calculates priorities of physical router devices from the router status information about physical router devices and reports those to the physical router devices. Accordingly, the physical router device is allowed to perform a switchover automatically and flexibly between operating status (master router status) and standby status (backup router status) by utilization of a priority reported.
Embodiment 2 of the invention is based on the addition of an information request section 141, for requesting the physical router device to notify router status information, to the router priority calculating device configuration of embodiment 1, wherein the other is the same as embodiment 1.
Using
Incidentally, the operation in the case the router priority calculation device 20 received a packet at its network interface 121 is the same as that shown in
The difference in operation from embodiment 1 lies in that, when an information request section 141 decides to require router-status information about physical router device (step S1301), a packet generating section 124 generates a packet for notifying the physical router devices of an information notification request, thereby multicasting the same onto the local network (step S1302). There is shown in
Meanwhile, the information request section 141 requests an information notification at a regular or constant time interval or as a result of a decision, at a packet-type deciding section 122, on the packet received by the network interface 141, in the case of a decision of as a notification packet requesting for information update from the apparatus connected to the local network 11.
Incidentally, although this embodiment explained the router priority calculation device 20 as an independent device connected to the local area network 11, it can be built in the physical router device 21 or 22 and further in the host 23-25.
From the above, according to the present embodiment, priority update is made when the router priority calculation device requires to update the priority or when there is a change in the router-device line status over the local network, or so. Therefore, switchover is feasible between master and backup routers without unnecessarily increasing the traffic over the local network.
Using
In the router priority calculation device 20, when the network interface 131 receives a packet (step S1401), the packet-type deciding section 122 decides the type of the packet (step S1402). In the case of a decision that the packet received at the packet-type deciding section 122 is a packet notifying the information about the status of physical router device 21 or 22, the priority calculating section 123 calculates a priority of the physical router 21 or 22, or information transmission source, depending upon the foregoing information (step S1403). Incidentally, how to calculate a priority is similar to embodiment 1.
Then, the priority calculating section 123 registers the obtained priority to the priority database 151 (step S1401). There is shown in
Meanwhile, the priority calculating section 123, when registering the calculated priority 602 in the priority database 151, examines the entries already registered. In the case there are those of data having the same identifier, the priority 602 is updated. In the absence thereof, a new entry is prepared for registration. Furthermore, to the priority database 151 is registered the router-status information of a physical router device used in calculating the priority 602 (step S1404).
Then, the priority calculating section 123 compares the obtained priority 602 with the priority 602 of physical router device already stored in the priority database 151. When deciding a physical router device having the same priority 602, priority adjustment is carried out. Namely, in the case of the example in
In this case, following the constants A, B and C in (Equation 1), adjustment is made so as to provide a higher priority to the physical router well in the status as to the significant information. Namely, because the link status that significance is given the most is the same in this case, adjustment is made so as to provide a higher priority to the physical router device having an identifier 192.168.1.1 well in the congestion degree status the next significance is given, than that of the physical router device having an identifier 192.168.1.2.
Meanwhile, when a plurality of physical router devices same in priority are same in every status, priority adjustment is made by selecting a physical router device, whose priority is to be adjusted, by suitable means of random number, the order of identifier decrease or increase, etc.
Incidentally, in priority adjustment, when the physical router device whose priority is currently calculated by the priority calculating section 123 is a physical router device whose priority is to be raised, processing is made to raise the priority of the relevant physical router device. Meanwhile, in the case of providing a higher priority to the physical router device whose priority is stored in the priority database 151 than the physical router device whose priority is currently calculated by the priority calculating section 123, processing is made to lower the priority of physical router device calculated by the priority calculating section 123. In this manner, no adjustment is made for the router-device priority stored in the priority database 151.
Then, the packet generating section 124 packetizes the calculated priority in order for notification to the physical router device 21 or 22, and transmits it to the router device concerned through the network interface 121 (step S1406). Incidentally, the operation of the information request section 141 is the same as that of embodiment 3.
Meanwhile, although the present embodiment explained the router priority calculation device 20 as an independent device connected to the local network 11, it can be incorporated in the physical router device 21 or 22 and further in the host 23-25.
According to the above present embodiment, the priority of the router device on a local network can be adjusted occasionally by using a best-suited weighting, flexible switchover is available between master and backup routers.
Using
When the router priority calculation device 20 receives a packet (step S1801), the packet deciding section 122 decides whether or not it is router-status information (step S1802). When it is not router-status information, the process is ended as it is.
Meanwhile, when it is router-status information, the priority calculating section 123 makes a priority calculation (step S1803), a registration/update to the priority database 151 (step S1804) and a priority adjustment (step S1805), similarly to embodiment 3.
Then, the master deciding section 1601 looks up the priority database 151 and decides a physical router device that is to become a master router (step S1806). It further multicasts an identifier 601 of a physical router device that is to become a master router to all the physical routers through the network interface 131 (step S1807).
When the physical router device 21 receives the multicast (step S1701), the packet-type deciding section 122 decides whether or not it is information of master router (step S1702). When not master router information, the process is ended as it is.
Meanwhile, in the case of master router information, the master-backup deciding section 1501 decides whether or not the notified identifier refers to its own device (step S1703). The master-backup deciding section 1501, when referred to its own device, instructs the routing control section 111 for making a shift to a master router whereby the routing control section 111 makes a switch processing (step S1704).
Meanwhile, when not referred to the own device and it is currently a master router (step S1705), a switchover process to a master router is instructed to the routing control section 111 to make a change to a backup router whereby the routing control section 111 makes a switchover operation (step S1706). When currently not a master router, the process is ended as it is without taking any action.
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the router priority calculation device is allowed to unambiguously decide a physical router device that is to become a master router. Therefore, conflictions, etc. can be avoided between the physical router devices, and switchover can be made flexibly between master and backup routers.
As described above, the present invention is useful for a virtual router system that a plurality of physical router devices are to operate virtually as one router device, and suited for a inter-router adjustment method, router priority calculation device and router device which can flexibly change the priorities of the physical router devices for deciding master and backup routers.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003-041132 | Feb 2003 | JP | national |
| 2004-039430 | Feb 2004 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP04/01906 | 2/19/2004 | WO | 3/10/2006 |
