Patent Application
20230308949
The present application relates generally to the field of wireless communications, and more specifically to devices, methods, and computer-readable media that facilitate, enable, and/or improve mobility load balancing (MLB) between RAN nodes that are in different systems (e.g., associated with different core networks) of a wireless network.
Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is an umbrella term for so-called fourth-generation (4G) radio access technologies developed within the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and initially standardized in Release 8 (Rel-8) and Release 9 (Rel-9), also known as Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN). LTE is targeted at various licensed frequency bands and is accompanied by improvements to non-radio aspects commonly referred to as System Architecture Evolution (SAE), which includes Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network. LTE continues to evolve through subsequent releases.
An overall exemplary architecture of a network comprising LTE and SAE is shown in
As specified by 3GPP, E-UTRAN 100 is responsible for all radio-related functions in the network, including radio bearer control, radio admission control, radio mobility control, scheduling, and dynamic allocation of resources to UEs in uplink and downlink, as well as security of the communications with the UE. These functions reside in the eNBs, such as eNBs 105, 110, and 115. Each of the eNBs can serve a geographic coverage area including one more cells, including cells 106, 111, and 115 served by eNBs 105, 110, and 115, respectively.
The eNBs in the E-UTRAN communicate with each other via the X2 interface, as shown in
EPC 130 can also include a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 131, which manages user- and subscriber-related information. HSS 131 can also provide support functions in mobility management, call and session setup, user authentication and access authorization. The functions of HSS 131 can be related to the functions of legacy Home Location Register (HLR) and Authentication Centre (AuC) functions or operations. HSS 131 can also communicate with MMEs 134 and 138 via respective S6a interfaces.
In some embodiments, HSS 131 can communicate with a user data repository (UDR)-labelled EPC-UDR 135 in
The RRC layer controls communications between a UE and an eNB at the radio interface, as well as the mobility of a UE between cells in the E-UTRAN. After a UE is powered ON it will be in the RRC_IDLE state until an RRC connection is established with the network, at which time the UE will transition to RRC_CONNECTED state (e.g., where data transfer can occur). The UE returns to RRC_IDLE after the connection with the network is released. In RRC_IDLE state, the UE does not belong to any cell, no RRC context has been established for the UE (e.g., in E-UTRAN), and the UE is out of UL synchronization with the network. Even so, a UE in RRC_IDLE state is known in the EPC and has an assigned IP address.
Furthermore, in RRC_IDLE state, the UE's radio is active on a discontinous reception (DRX) schedule configured by upper layers. During DRX active periods (also referred to as “DRX On durations”), an RRC_IDLE LE receives system information (SI) broadcast by a serving cell, performs measurements of neighbor cells to support cell reselection, and monitors a paging channel for pages from the EPC via an eNB serving the cell in which the UE is camping.
A UE must perform a random-access (RA) procedure to move from RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED state. In RRC_CONNECTED state, the cell serving the UE is known and an RRC context is established for the UE in the serving eNB, such that the UE and eNB can communicate. For example, a Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI)—a UE identity used for signaling between UE and network—is configured for a UE in RRC_CONNECTED state.
Logical channel communications between a UE and an eNB are via radio bearers. Signaling radio bearers (SRBs) SRB0, SRB1, and SRB2 are used for transport of RRC and NAS messages. For example, SRB0 is used for RRC connection setup, RRC connection resume, and RRC connection re-establishment. Once any of these operations has succeeded, SRB1 is used for handling RRC messages (including piggybacked NAS messages) and for NAS messages prior to SRB2 establishment. SRB2 is used for NAS messages and lower-priority RRC messages (e.g., logged measurement information). SRB0 and SRB1 are also used to establish and modify data radio bearers (DRBs) that carry user data between UE and eNB.
3GPP Rel-10 supports bandwidths larger than 20 MHz. One important Rel-10 requirement is backward compatibility with Rel-8. As such, a wideband LTE Rel-10 carrier (e.g., >20 MHz) should appear as a plurality of carriers (“component carriers” or CCs) to a Rel-8 (“legacy”) terminal. Legacy terminals can be scheduled in all parts of the wideband Rel-10 carrier. One way to achieve this is by Carrier Aggregation (CA), whereby a Rel-10 terminal can receive multiple CCs, each preferably having the same structure as a Rel-8 carrier.
Dual connectivity (DC) was introduced in LTE Rel-12. In DC operation, a UE in RRC_CONNECTED state consumes radio resources provided by at least two different network points connected to one another with a non-ideal backhaul. In LTE, these two network points may be referred to as a “Master eNB” (MeNB) and a “Secondary eNB” (SeNB). More generally, the terms master node (MN), anchor node, and MeNB can be used interchangeably, while the terms secondary node (SN), booster node, and SeNB can also be used interchangeably. DC can be viewed as a special case of CA, in which the aggregated carriers (or cells) are provided by network nodes that are physically separated and not connected via a robust, high-capacity connection.
Currently the fifth generation (“5G”) of cellular systems, also referred to as New Radio (NR), is being standardized within the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). NR is developed for maximum flexibility to support a variety of different use cases. These include enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), machine type communications (MTC), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), side-link device-to-device (D2D), and several other use cases. 5G/NR technology shares many similarities with fourth-generation LTE. For example, both PHYs utilize similar arrangements of time-domain physical resources into 1-ms subframes that include multiple slots of equal duration, with each slot including multiple OFDM-based symbols. As another example, NR RRC layer includes RRC_IDLE and RRC_CONNECTED states, but adds another state known as RRC_INACTIVE. In addition to providing coverage via “cells,” as in LTE, NR networks also provide coverage via “beams.” In general, a DL “beam” is a coverage area of a network-transmitted RS that may be measured or monitored by a UE.
DC is also envisioned as an important feature for 5G/NR networks. Several DC (or more generally, multi-connectivity) scenarios have been considered for NR. These include NR-DC that is similar to LTE-DC discussed above, except that both the MN and SN (referred to as “gNBs”) employ the NR interface to communicate with the UE. In addition, various multi-RAT DC (MR-DC) scenarios have been considered, whereby a UE can be configured to uses resources provided by two different nodes, one providing E-UTRA/LTE access and the other one providing NR access. One node acts as the MN providing the UE's master cell group (MCG) including the primary cell (PCell) and the other as the SN providing the UE's secondary cell group (SCG) including the primary SCG cell (PSCell). The MN and SN are connected via a network interface and at least the MN is connected to a core network (e.g., EPC or 5GC).
A common mobility procedure for UEs in RRC_CONNECTED state (i.e., with an active connection) is handover (HO) between cells. A UE is handed over from a source or serving cell provided by a source node to a target cell provided by a target node. In general, for LTE (or NR), HO source and target nodes are different eNBs (or gNBs), although intra-node HO between different cells provided by a single eNB (or gNB) is also possible. Seamless handovers are a key feature of 3GPP technologies. Successful handovers ensure that the UE moves around in the coverage area of different cells without causing too many interruptions in the data transmission.
There are other DC-related mobility procedures. The MN can initiate an SN Addition procedure to establish a UE context at the SN such that the SN can provide resources to the UE. Also, the MN or SN can initiate an SN modification procedure to perform configuration changes of the SCG provided the SN (“intra-SN”), e.g., modification/release of UP resource configuration and PSCell changes. For PSCell changes, once a better cell in the same frequency as the UE's current PSCell triggers an event, a UE measurement report and preparation of the target SN is needed before sending the UE an RRCReconfiguration message to execute addition/modification.
To support mobility (e.g., handover or reselection) between cells and/or beams, a UE can perform periodic cell search and measurements of signal power (e.g., reference signal received power, RSRP), signal quality (e.g., reference signal received quality, RSRQ), and/or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Different measurements can be performed in different RRC states. In general, a UE is responsible for detecting new neighbor cells, and for tracking and monitoring already detected cells. A UE can perform such measurements on various downlink reference signals (RS) available in LTE or NR networks. These include cell-specific Reference Signal (CRS); demodulation RS (DM-RS) associated with PDSCH or PDCCH; Positioning RS (PRS), channel state information RS (CSI-RS); and synchronization signal/PBCH block (SSB).
Detected cells and measurement values associated with monitored and/or detected cells are reported to the network. Reports to the network can be configured to be periodic or aperiodic based a particular event. Such reports are commonly referred to as mobility measurement reports and contain CSI. These reports can be used to make decisions on UE mobility (e.g., handover) and/or dynamic activation or deactivation of SCells in a UE's CA configuration.
In mobile networks, the load of each RAN node (e.g., eNB or gNB) is frequently measured. Load reporting involves exchanging cell-specific load information between neighbor RAN nodes over the X2 (or Xn) interface for intra-RAT or over the S1 (or NG) interface for inter-RAT. When the measured load in a particular cell exceeds a pre-configured threshold, this can trigger procedures to transfer part of that cell's load to a neighbor cell using the same or different radio access technology (RAT) and/or frequency as the overloaded cell. A mobility load balancing (MLB) algorithm running at a RAN node must decide which UEs will be handed over and to which neighbor cells. These decisions are typically made based on load reports received from neighbor RAN nodes and measurement reports received from UE handover candidates.
In some cases, MLB may be needed between RAN nodes that use different RATs (e.g., LTE and NR) and are connected to difference core networks (CNs). This is often called inter-system load balancing, and requires signaling between two different RANs (e.g., E-UTRAN and NG-RAN) and two different CNs (e.g., EPC and 5GC) to convey cell- or beam-specific information. This information can include load and/or capacity status for particulars cells and/or coverage areas of particular DL RS beams. However, such signaling for inter-system load balancing can be burdensome on the various CN and RAN resources involved.
Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure can provide specific improvements to inter-system load balancing operations in wireless networks, such by addressing various exemplary problems summarized above and described in more detail below.
Some embodiments include methods (e.g., procedures) for inter-system mobility load balancing (MLB) with a second RAN node in a second RAN. These exemplary methods can be performed by a first RAN node (e.g., base station, eNB, gNB, ng-eNB, en-gNB, etc. or component thereof, such as a gNB-CU or gNB-DU) in a first RAN (i.e., a different RAN than the second RAN).
These exemplary methods can include sending, to the second RAN node, a resource status request message that includes a reporting configuration. The reporting configuration can include one or more of the following:
These exemplary methods can also include receiving one of the following from the second RAN node in response to the resource status request message: a resource status response message indicating successful configuration of at least a portion of the reporting configuration, or a resource status failure message indicating unsuccessful configuration for all of the reporting configuration.
In some embodiments, these exemplary methods can also include, after receiving the resource status response message, receiving, from the second RAN node, one or more resource status update messages comprising one or more metrics for which triggering events were fulfilled, in accordance with the corresponding reporting formats. In some of these embodiments, the reporting configuration can include a plurality of metrics. In some cases, each resource status update message indicates that one of the metrics fulfilled the corresponding triggering event. In some cases, each resource status update message can also include values for metrics that did not fulfil their corresponding triggering events. Combination of these cases is also possible.
In some embodiments, these exemplary methods can also include sending, to the second RAN node, a resource status acknowledge message in response to one or more of the following: the resource status response message; the resource status failure message; and the resource status update message.
In some embodiments, each of the one or more metrics is related to one of the following:
In some of these embodiments, each of the one or more metrics is also related to one or more of the following:
In some embodiments, each triggering event can be specified in relation to its corresponding metric based on one or more of the following:
In some embodiments, for each metric, the reporting format can indicate that the second RAN node should transmit one of the following:
In some of these embodiments, a first metric can be associated with first and second triggering events. In such embodiments, occurrence of the first triggering event initiates a single report of the first metric and occurrence of the second triggering event initiates periodic reports of the first metric. In some of these embodiments, the reporting format can also include respective reporting periods for all configured periodic reports. For example, resource status update messages can be received periodically according to the reporting period associated with the metric(s) being reported.
In some embodiments, the first RAN (including the first RAN node) is one of an E-UTRAN and an NG-RAN and the second RAN (including the second RAN node) is the other of the E-UTRAN and the NG-RAN.
In some embodiments, the resource status response message includes at least one of the following:
In some embodiments, the resource status failure message includes at least one of the following:
In some embodiments, the resource status request message is sent in a first message container to a first core network (CN) node coupled to the first RAN. The first message container includes an explicit indication that the first message container includes the resource status request message. Additionally, the resource status response message or the resource status failure message is received in a second message container from the first CN node.
Other embodiments include methods (e.g., procedures) for inter-system mobility load balancing (MLB) with a first RAN node in a first RAN. These exemplary methods can be performed by a second RAN node (e.g., base station, eNB, gNB, ng-eNB, en-gNB, etc. or component thereof, such as a gNB-CU or gNB-DU) in a second RAN.
These exemplary methods can include receiving, from the first RAN node, a resource status request message that includes a reporting configuration. The reporting configuration can include one or more of the following:
These exemplary methods can also include determining whether the second RAN node can support the reporting configuration. These exemplary methods can also include sending, to the first RAN node, one the following: a resource status response message based on determining that the second RAN node can support least a portion of the reporting configuration, a resource status failure message based on determining that the second RAN node cannot support any of the reporting configuration.
In some embodiments, these exemplary methods can also include determining that triggering events were fulfilled for one or more of the metrics and sending, to the first RAN node, one or more resource status update messages comprising the one or more metrics for which triggering events were fulfilled, in accordance with the corresponding reporting formats. In some of these embodiments, the reporting configuration can include a plurality of metrics. In some cases, each resource status update message indicates that one of the metrics fulfilled the corresponding triggering event. In some cases, each resource status update message can also include values for metrics that did not fulfil their corresponding triggering events.
In some embodiments, these exemplary methods can also include receiving, from the first RAN node, a resource status acknowledge message in response to one or more of the following: the resource status response message; the resource status failure message; and the resource status update message.
In various embodiments, the one or more metrics can have any of the characteristics summarized above in relation to first RAN node embodiments. Likewise, in various embodiments, each triggering event can have any of the characteristics summarized above in relation to first RAN node embodiments. In addition, in various embodiments, the reporting format can have any of the characteristics summarized above in relation to first RAN node embodiments.
In some of these embodiments, a first metric can be associated with first and second triggering events. In such embodiments, occurrence of the first triggering event initiates a single report of the first metric and occurrence of the second triggering event initiates periodic reports of the first metric. In some of these embodiments, the reporting format an also include respective reporting periods for all configured periodic reports. For example, resource status update messages can be sent periodically according to the reporting period associated with the metric(s) being reported.
In some embodiments, the first RAN (including the first RAN node) is one of an E-UTRAN and an NG-RAN and the second RAN (including the second RAN node) is the other of the E-UTRAN and the NG-RAN.
In various embodiments, the resource status response message can have any of the characteristics summarized above in relation to the first RAN node embodiments. In various embodiments, the resource status failure message can have any of the characteristics summarized above in relation to the first RAN node embodiments.
In some embodiments, the resource status request message is received in a first message container from a second CN node coupled to the second RAN. The first message container includes an explicit indication that the first message container includes the resource status request message. Additionally, the resource status response message or the resource status failure message is sent in a second message container to the second CN node.
More generally, operations performed by second RAN node can be complementary to operations performed by the first RAN node, and vice versa.
Other embodiments include first and second RAN nodes (e.g., base stations, eNBs, gNBs, ng-eNBs, en-gNBs, etc. or components thereof, such as gNB-CUs and/or gNB-DUs) configured to perform operations corresponding to any of the exemplary methods described herein. Other embodiments include non-transitory, computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by processing circuitry, configure a first RAN node or a second RAN node to perform operations corresponding to any of the exemplary methods described herein.
These and other embodiments provide effective and processing-efficient techniques for signaling load and capacity metrics across different systems. For example, embodiments can reduce signaling load in core networks, thereby freeing up signaling, processing, and energy capacity for other important tasks. Additionally, embodiments can reduce long signaling delays experience by conventional techniques, thereby increasing the effectiveness and/or usefulness of periodic measurements of load/capacity metrics used in and/or related to inter-system MLB.
These and other objects, features, benefits, and/or advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure will become apparent upon reading the following Detailed Description in view of the Drawings briefly described below.
Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other embodiments, however, are contained within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein, the disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limited to only the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.
Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and/or is implied from the context in which it is used. All references to a/an/the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any methods and/or procedures disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as following or preceding another step and/or where it is implicit that a step must follow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein can be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments can apply to any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description.
Furthermore, the following terms are used throughout the description given below:
Note that the description herein focuses on a 3GPP cellular communications system and, as such, 3GPP terminology or terminology similar to 3GPP terminology is oftentimes used. However, the concepts disclosed herein are not limited to a 3GPP system. Furthermore, although the term “cell” is used herein, it should be understood that (particularly with respect to 5G NR) beams may be used instead of cells and, as such, concepts described herein apply equally to both cells and beams.
As discussed above, inter-system load balancing requires signaling between two different RANs (e.g., E-UTRAN and NG-RAN) and two different CNs to convey cell- or beam-specific information. This can include load and/or capacity status for particular cells and/or coverage areas of particular DL RS beams. However, such signaling for inter-system load balancing can be burdensome on the various CN and RAN resources involved. These aspects are discussed in more detail after the following discussion of 5G/NR network architecture.
NG-RAN 399 is layered into a Radio Network Layer (RNL) and a Transport Network Layer (TNL). The NG-RAN architecture, i.e., the NG-RAN logical nodes and interfaces between them, is defined as part of the RNL. For each NG-RAN interface (NG, Xn, F1) the related TNL protocol and the functionality are specified. The TNL provides services for user plane transport and signaling transport. In some exemplary configurations, each gNB is connected to all 5GC nodes within an “AMF Region,” which is defined in 3GPP TS 23.501 (v16.4.0).
The NG RAN logical nodes shown in
A gNB-CU connects to gNB-DUs over respective F1 logical interfaces, such as interfaces 322 and 332 shown in
Each of the gNBs 410 can support the NR radio interface including frequency division duplexing (FDD), time division duplexing (TDD), or a combination thereof. In contrast, each of ng-eNBs 420 can support the LTE radio interface but, unlike conventional LTE eNBs (such as shown in
As mentioned above, a UE in RRC_CONNECTED mode can be configured by the network to perform measurements and send measurement reports to the network node hosting its current serving cell. For example, the network can configure a UE to perform measurements on various carrier frequencies and various radio access technologies (RATs) corresponding to neighbor cells, as well as for various purposes including, e.g., mobility and positioning. The configuration for each of these measurements is referred to as a “measurement object.” Furthermore, the UE can be configured to perform the measurements according to a “measurement gap pattern” (or “gap pattern” for short), which can comprise a measurement gap repetition period (MGRP) (i.e., how often a regular gap available for measurements occurs) and a measurement gap length (MGL) (i.e., the length of each gap).
Upon receiving measurement reports that meet predetermined triggering criteria, the network may send a handover command to the UE. In LTE, this command is an RRConnectionReconfiguration message with a mobilityControlInfo field. In NR, this command is an RRCReconfiguration message with a reconfigurationWithSync field.
There are two approaches to handover UEs to the target eNBs. First, by applying a HO offset between the cells, the “border” of a congested and/or heavily loaded cell can be effectively “moved” to reduce its coverage area. With this approach, the source eNB negotiates with target eNBs for the HO offset settings to avoid handover bouncing (also referred to as “ping-pong”) between source and target cells. The agreed offset will be signalled to the UEs served by the source eNB and no specific set of UEs will be selected in this case.
In a second approach, a source eNB may command HOs to a specific set of UEs towards a selected target eNB. In general, a mobility load balancing (MLB) algorithm running at a radio access node (e.g., eNB or gNB) has to decide which UEs will be handed over (“UE selection”) and to which neighbor cells (“cell selection”). These decisions are typically made based on the load reports and any available radio measurements of source cell and neighbor cells, such as measurements reported by UEs operating in RRC_CONNECTED and RRC_IDLE states.
The algorithms for UE selection and cell selection are non-standardized and/or vendor proprietary. Besides cell-specific information (e.g., source and target cell load and capacity), these algorithms can also consider at least some of the following UE-specific information as input (e.g., depending on availability): radio measurement reports; traffic characteristics (e.g., heavy or light data usage); bearers (e.g., guaranteed bit-rate (GBR) or default); historical and/or current resource utilization; and UE profile (e.g., “gold”, “silver”, “bronze”). Of these parameters, the UE radio measurement reports are important to select UEs that have acceptable radio quality in the target eNB. On the other hand, it is also possible to command the HO blindly without the report, assuming that coverage is available. Given other inputs, algorithms with different targets may be developed, e.g., to prioritize heavy users, bronze users, default bear users, etc.
In general, however, the network considers both UE-reported measurements and the load of the respective cells when making handover (and, more generally, mobility) decisions for individual UEs. In the present disclosure, the term “load” (or equivalently “load information” or “load-related information”) can refer to a measure of resources being consumed (e.g., by the respective cells) or a measure of an available capacity (e.g., remaining in the respective cells). The loads of cells served by a radio access node are typically measured frequently. When the load of a cell exceeds a pre-configured threshold, procedures can be triggered to transfer some UE traffic from the overloaded cell to either a neighbor cell of the same radio access technology (RAT), a different RAT, a different frequency, etc.
Currently, 3GPP specifies the following components and/or functions for MLB in LTE networks: 1) load reporting; 2) load balancing action based on handovers; and 3) adapting handover (HO) and/or cell reselection (CR) configuration so that load remains balanced. The load reporting function is executed by exchanging cell specific load information between neighbor enhanced NodeBs (eNBs) over the X2 (intra-LTE scenario) or S1 (inter-RAT scenario) interfaces. In the case of intra-LTE load balance, the source eNB may trigger a RESOURCE_STATUS_REQUEST message to potential target eNBs at any point in time, for example when the load is above a pre-defined value and/or threshold.
In addition, UEs operating in a cell served by eNB1 (e.g., A1) may send measurement reports (RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.) to eNB1 for one or more neighbor cells (e.g., A2, B3). Based on these reports and the received load information for neighbor cells, eNB1 may decide to handover one or more UE from A1 to a neighbor cell such as B3 or A2. When eNB1 decides to offload a UE (e.g., to A2), it triggers an ordinary handover, including a handover preparation with a selected target node (e.g., eNB2). This can also include a Mobility Setting Change for the offloaded UE, as described above with reference to
The basic mobility solution in NR shares some similarities to LTE. The UE may be configured by the network to perform cell measurements and report them, to assist the network to take mobility decisions. However, an NR UE may be configured to perform L3 beam measurements based on different RS and report them for each cell (serving and non-serving/candidate) fulfilling triggering conditions for measurement report (e.g., an “A3 event”). In particular, NR UEs can be configured to perform/report measurements on SS/PBCH blocks (SSBs) in addition to the reference signals measured/reported by LTE UEs (e.g., CSI-RS). Each SSB is carried in four (4) adjacent OFDM symbols and includes a combination of primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), DM-RS, and physical broadcast channel (PBCH).
As described in 3GPP TS 38.300 (v15.4.0), an NR UE in RRC_CONNECTED mode measures one or more detected beams of a cell and then averages the measurements results (e.g., power values) to derive the cell quality. In doing so, the UE is configured to consider a subset of the detected beams. Filtering takes place at two different levels: at the physical layer to derive beam quality and then at RRC level to derive cell quality from multiple beams. Cell quality from beam measurements is derived in the same way for the serving cell(s) and for the non-serving/candidate cell(s). Measurement reports may contain the measurement results of the Xbest beams if the UE is configured to do so by the gNB.
As briefly mentioned above, the term “beam” is used herein to refer to the coverage area of a reference signal that may be measured by a UE. In NR, for example, such reference signals can include any of the following, alone or in combination: SSB; CSI-RS; tertiary reference signal (or any other sync signal); PRS; DM-RS; and any other reference signal that may be beamformed for transmission. Such beams can be correlated and/or coextensive with other beams used by eNBs or gNBs to transmit and/or receive physical data channels (e.g., PDSCH, PUSCH) and/or physical control channels (e.g., PDCCH, PUCCH).
The UE then consolidates these k beam measurements into a cell quality estimate (“B”) based on parameters configured by the network via RRC signalling. The behaviour of the Beam consolidation/selection is standardized. The cell-quality estimate “B” are reported to L3 at the same rate as the beam measurements “A1.”
The UE further time-filters the cell quality estimate (referred to as “layer 3 filtering”) resulting in filtered measurement “C” shown in the figure. The behaviour of these layer-3 filters is standardized and the configuration of the layer-3 filters is provided by RRC signalling. Filtering reporting period at “C” equals one measurement period at “B”.
The UE then checks whether actual measurement reporting is necessary at point D. The evaluation can be based on more than one flow of measurements at reference point C, e.g., to compare between different measurements. This is illustrated by inputs C and C1. The UE evaluates the reporting criteria at least every time a new measurement result is reported at point C, C1. The reporting criteria are standardized and the configuration is provided from the network by RRC signalling. The value “D” (which can be based on “C”) is reported to the network in an RRC measurement report.
In addition, the time-filtered beam measurements “A1” are further filtered at the RRC layer (“layer 3”) based on a network provided configuration, resulting in filtered beam measurements “E”. Filtering reporting period at “E” equals one measurement period at “A1”. The UE selects X beam measurements from these k filtered beam measurements for beam-quality reporting to the network (labelled “F” in the figure). The behaviour of the beam selection is standardized and the configuration is provided by the network by RRC signalling.
Measurement reports typically include the measurement identity of the associated measurement configuration that triggered the reporting. As mentioned above, cell and beam measurement quantities to be included in measurement reports are configured by the network. For example, the network can configure beam measurements as beam identifier only, measurement result and beam identifier, or no beam reporting. Furthermore, the number of non-serving cells to be reported can be limited through configuration by the network. In addition, cells belonging to a blacklist configured by the network are not used in event evaluation and reporting; conversely, when a whitelist is configured by the network, only the cells belonging to the whitelist are used in event evaluation and reporting.
Neighbor cell measurements can be intra- or inter-frequency with respect to the serving cell. A measurement is defined as an “SSB based intra-frequency measurement” provided that the centre frequency of the SSB of the serving cell and the center frequency of the SSB of the neighbor cell are the same, and the subcarrier spacing of the two SSBs is also the same. A measurement is defined as an “SSB based inter-frequency measurement” provided that the centre frequency of the SSB of the serving cell and the centre frequency of the SSB of the neighbor cell are different, or the subcarrier spacing of the two SSBs is different.
Similarly, a measurement is defined as a “CSI-RS based intra-frequency measurement” provided that the bandwidth of the CSI-RS resource on the neighbor cell configured for measurement is within the bandwidth of the CSI-RS resource on the serving cell configured for measurement, and the subcarrier spacing of the two CSI-RS resources is the same. A measurement is defined as a “CSI-RS based inter-frequency measurement” provided that the bandwidth of the CSI-RS resource on the neighbor cell configured for measurement is not within the bandwidth of the CSI-RS resource on the serving cell configured for measurement, or the subcarrier spacing of the two CSI-RS resources is different.
In LTE and NR, handovers or PSCell change decisions (e.g., when a UE is operating in DC, CA, etc.) are typically made based on the coverage and quality of a serving cell compared to the quality of a neighbor cell handover candidate. Quality is typically measured in terms of RSRQ or SINR, while coverage is typically measured based on RSRP. In NR, a cell may be comprised by a set of beams where PSS/SSS are transmitted in different downlink beams, each beam associated with a different SSB index.
As discussed above with reference to
Similar MLB-related signaling mechanisms are used in both E-UTRAN and NG-RAN. One difference is that MLB metrics are reported over a wider variety of interfaces. In particular, signaling for Resource Status Reporting has been introduced over Xn, F1, and E1 interfaces, and has been enhanced over the X2 for EN-DC. In addition, NG-RAN MLB functionality has been enhanced by new types of load metrics and with finer load granularity compared to LTE, where load information is reported on a per-cell basis only. In particular, NG-RAN MLB enhancements include:
The following text from 3GPP TS 38.423 (specifically sections 8.4.10-11, 9.1.3 and 9.2.2) specifies Resource Status Reporting over the Xn interface. This text should also be read in the context of
*** Begin text from 3GPP TS 38.423 ***
This procedure is used by an NG-RAN node to request the reporting of load measurements to another NG-RAN node. The procedure uses non UE-associated signalling.
NG-RAN node1 initiates the procedure by sending the RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message to NG-RAN node2 to start a measurement, stop a measurement or add cells to report for a measurement. Upon receipt, NG-RAN node2:
If any of the requested measurements cannot be initiated, NG-RAN node2 shall send the RESOURCE STATUS FAILURE message.
This procedure is initiated by an NG-RAN node to report the result of measurements admitted by the NG-RAN node following a successful Resource Status Reporting Initiation procedure.
The procedure uses non UE-associated signalling.
NG-RAN node2 shall report the results of the admitted measurements in RESOURCE STATUS UPDATE message. The admitted measurements are the measurements that were successfully initiated during the preceding Resource Status Reporting Initiation procedure.
Not applicable.
. . .
This message is sent by NG-RAN node2 to NG-RAN node1 to report the results of the requested measurements.
The TNL Capacity Indicator IE indicates the offered and available capacity of the Transport Network experienced by the NG RAN cell.
The Radio Resource Status IE indicates the usage of the PRBs per cell and per SSB area for all traffic in Downlink and Uplink and the usage of PDCCH CCEs for Downlink and Uplink scheduling.
The Composite Available Capacity Group IE indicates the overall available resource level per cell and per SSB area in the cell in Downlink and Uplink.
The Composite Available Capacity IE indicates the overall available resource level in the cell in either Downlink or Uplink.
The Cell Capacity Class Value IE indicates the value that classifies the cell capacity with regards to the other cells. The Cell Capacity Class Value IE only indicates resources that are configured for traffic purposes.
The Capacity Value IE indicates the amount of resources per cell and per SSB area that are available relative to the total NG-RAN resources. The capacity value should be measured and reported so that the minimum NG-RAN resource usage of existing services is reserved according to implementation. The Capacity Value IE can be weighted according to the ratio of cell capacity class values, if available.
The Slice Available Capacity IE indicates the amount of resources per network slice that are available per cell relative to the total NG-RAN resources per cell. The Slice Capacity Value Downlink IE and the Slice Capacity Value Uplink IE can be weighted according to the ratio of the corresponding cell capacity class values contained in the Composite Available Capacity Group IE, if available.
The RRC Connections IE indicates the overall status of RRC connections per cell.
The Number of RRC Connections IE indicates the absolute number of UEs in RRC_CONNECTED mode.
The Available RRC Connection Capacity Value IE indicates the residual percentage of the number of RRC connections, relative to the maximum number of RRC connections supported by the cell.
*** End text from 3GPP TS 38.423 ***
As described above and shown in
For example, the inter-system signaling from many RAN nodes (e.g., eNBs) is received at one CN node (e.g., MME). Due to this high signaling load, the CN node may experience reduced processing capacity, e.g., for other necessary tasks. Likewise, forwarding the signaling between CNs can create additional burdens. In the case of signaling from E-UTRAN to NG-RAN, the signaling has to be triggered by an eNB towards an MME, then it has to be forwarded from the MME to an AMF via inter-CN interfaces, then it has to be signaled from the AMF to the target NG RAN node. This process can involve relatively long delays, high signaling load, and increased energy consumption by the involved RAN and CN nodes. Furthermore, the long delays experienced by inter-CN signaling can reduce effectiveness and/or usefulness of periodic measurements aimed at providing frequent status updates of the load/capacity metrics.
Embodiments of the present disclosure address these and other problems, difficulties, and/or issues by providing effective and processing-efficient techniques for signaling load and capacity metrics across different systems, e.g., different CNs.
Some embodiments include signaling, between two RAN nodes of two different systems (e.g., RANs), metrics that can represent load and capacity based on the occurrence of events. In some of these embodiments, the metrics can be configured via cross system signaling. For example, the metrics can be configured by a first RAN node in system 1 signaling a Resource Status Request message as part of self-organizing network (SON) Information, to a second RAN node in system 2. This message can request the second RAN node to configure reporting of the measurements listed in the message from the first RAN node and according to the reporting conditions stated by the sending node. The second RAN node can reply with a RESOURCE STATUS RESPONSE, where the metrics to be reported are confirmed together with the reporting configuration that the target RAN node will follow.
In various embodiments, the reporting configuration can include one of the following:
The embodiments summarized above will now be described in more detail. In this following description, the respective groups of terms listed below will be used interchangeably:
Some embodiments include a method, performed by a first RAN node of a first system, for inter-system resource monitoring and load balancing. This method can include the first RAN node transmitting a RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message, to a second RAN node of a second system, indicating a reporting configuration that includes one or more of the following:
The first RAN node can then receive from the second RAN node a response message comprising one of the following:
In general, the RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message can request the second RAN node of system 2 to configure the reporting of the measurements listed in the message from the first RAN node, and according to the reporting conditions indicated by the first RAN node.
Accordingly, in various embodiments, the RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message may indicate to the second RAN node a reporting configuration comprising one or more of the following:
In some embodiments, the report triggering event indicated by the RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message may include one or more of the following:
In some embodiments, the list of metrics to be reported indicated in the RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST may include metrics representing load and/or capacity based on the occurrence of one or more reporting events. Example metrics may include any of the following:
In some embodiments, for each metric to be reported, the first RAN node may request the metric to be reported based on the occurrence of one or more reporting events. Each reporting event can be associated with one or more of the following:
In some embodiments, the first RAN node can configure one or more of the following triggering events for reporting:
As mentioned above, the first RAN node of system 1 can receive from the second RAN node of system 2 a RESOURCE STATUS RESPONSE message indicating the successful configuration of all or part of the measurements requested by the first RAN node. The RESOURCE STATUS RESPONSE message can include one or more of the following (which can be information elements, IEs, in the message):
In some embodiments, the first RAN node of system 1 can receive from the second RAN node of system 2 a RESOURCE STATUS FAILURE message indicating the unsuccessful configuration for reporting the measurement requested by the first RAN node (e.g., in the RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message). The RESOURCE STATUS FAILURE message can include one or more of the following (which can be information elements, IEs, in the message):
In case of a successful configuration (e.g., as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the first RAN node can also transmit a RESOURCE STATUS ACKNOWLEDGE message to the second RAN node to acknowledge a message from the second RAN node, such as the RESOURCE STATUS RESPONSE message (shown in
The signaling methods described above and shown in
In some embodiments, the various messages shown in
In some embodiments, a new enumerated value (“MLB Info”) can be added to the SON Information Request field to indicate that the transfer is for MLB information. If SONInformation Request is set to “MLB Info”, then the SONInformation IE can also include a Resource Status Request IE that includes the RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message sent by the first RAN node. These embodiments are illustrated by the exemplary text below for 3GPP TS 38.413.
In addition,
*** Begin exemplary text for 3GPP TS 38.413 ***
This IE contains the configuration information, used by e.g., SON functionality, and additionally includes the NG-RAN node identifier of the destination of this configuration information and the NG-RAN node identifier of the source of this information.
This IE identifies the nature of the configuration information transferred, i.e., a request, a reply or a report.
*** End exemplary text for 3GPP TS 38.413 ***
In some embodiments, if the first RAN node a SON Information IE containing the Resource Status Request IE, shown above, the second RAN Node may reply by sending a SON Information IE containing a SONInformation Reply IE (see above). This IE can be enhanced to include a Resource Status Response IE that includes the RESOURCE STATUS RESPONSE message (or its contents) discussed above.
Once the first and second RAN nodes have successfully completed configuration of reporting, the second RAN node can report metrics values to the first RAN node by signaling a SONInformation IE containing a SONInformation Report IE. This IE can be enhanced to include aMLBInformation IE that includes the RESOURCE STATUS UPDATE message (or its contents) discussed above.
These embodiments are illustrated by the exemplary text below for 3GPP TS 38.413.
*** Begin exemplary text for 3GPP TS 38.413 ***
This IE contains the configuration information to be replied to the NG-RAN node.
This IE contains the configuration information to be transferred.
*** End exemplary text for 3GPP TS 38.413 ***
Other embodiments include complementary methods performed by the second RAN node of a second system for inter-system resource reporting and MLB. The second RAN node can receive a RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message from the first RAN node of the first system indicating a reporting configuration comprising one or more of the following:
In response to receiving the RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message, the second RAN node can transmit to the first RAN node a response comprising one of the following:
In some embodiments, the second RAN node can also perform one or more of the following operations:
In some embodiments, the second RAN node can also receive a RESOURCE STATUS ACKNOWLEDGE message from the first RAN node, indicating the successful reception of the RESOURCE STATUS RESPONSE message, the RESOURCE STATUS UPDATE message, and/or the RESOURCE STATUS FAILURE message.
These embodiments described above can be further illustrated by
In particular,
The exemplary method can include the operations of block 1410, where the first RAN node can send, to the second RAN node, a resource status request message (e.g., RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST) that includes a reporting configuration. The reporting configuration can include one or more of the following:
In some embodiments, the exemplary method can also include the operations of block 1430, in which after receiving the resource status response message, the first RAN node can receive, from the second RAN node, one or more resource status update messages comprising one or more metrics for which triggering events were fulfilled, in accordance with the corresponding reporting formats. In some of these embodiments, the reporting configuration can include a plurality of metrics. In some cases, each resource status update message indicates that one of the metrics fulfilled the corresponding triggering event. In some cases, each resource status update message can also include values for metrics that did not fulfil their corresponding triggering events. Combination of these cases is also possible.
In some embodiments, the exemplary method can also include the operations of block 1440, in which the first RAN node send, to the second RAN node, a resource status acknowledge message in response to one or more of the following: the resource status response message; the resource status failure message; and the resource status update message.
In some embodiments, each of the one or more metrics is related to one of the following:
In some embodiments, each triggering event can be specified in relation to its corresponding metric based on one or more of the following:
In some embodiments, for each metric, the reporting format can indicate that the second RAN node should transmit one of the following:
In some of these embodiments, a first metric can be associated with first and second triggering events. In such embodiments, occurrence of the first triggering event initiates a single report of the first metric and occurrence of the second triggering event initiates periodic reports of the first metric. In some of these embodiments, the reporting format (e.g., sent in block 1410) can also include respective reporting periods for all configured periodic reports. For example, resource status update messages can be received periodically in block 1430 according to the reporting period associated with the metric(s) being reported.
In some embodiments, the first RAN (including the first RAN node) is one of an E-UTRAN and an NG-RAN and the second RAN (including the second RAN node) is the other of the E-UTRAN and the NG-RAN.
In some embodiments, the resource status response message (e.g., received in block 1420) includes at least one of the following:
In some embodiments, the resource status failure message (e.g., received in block 1420) includes at least one of the following:
In some embodiments, the resource status request message is sent (e.g., in block 1410) in a first message container to a first CN node coupled to the first RAN. The first message container includes an explicit indication that the first message container includes the resource status request message. Additionally, the resource status response message or the resource status failure message is received (e.g., in block 1420) in a second message container from the first CN node.
In addition,
The exemplary method can include the operations of block 1510, where the second RAN node can receive, from the first RAN node, a resource status request message that includes a reporting configuration. The reporting configuration can include one or more of the following:
The exemplary method can also include the operations of block 1520, where the second RAN node can determine whether it can support the reporting configuration. The exemplary method can also include the operations of block 1530, where the second RAN node can send, to the first RAN node, one the following: a resource status response message based on determining that the second RAN node can support least a portion of the reporting configuration, a resource status failure message based on determining that the second RAN node cannot support any of the reporting configuration.
In some embodiments, the exemplary method can also include the operations of blocks 1540-1550. In block 1540, after sending the resource status response message, the second RAN node can determine that triggering events were fulfilled for one or more of the metrics. In block 1550, the second RAN node can send, to the first RAN node, one or more resource status update messages comprising the one or more metrics for which triggering events were fulfilled, in accordance with the corresponding reporting formats. In some of these embodiments, the reporting configuration can include a plurality of metrics. In some cases, each resource status update message indicates that one of the metrics fulfilled the corresponding triggering event. In some cases, each resource status update message can also include values for metrics that did not fulfil their corresponding triggering events. Combination of these cases is also possible.
In some embodiments, the exemplary method can also include the operations of block 1560, where the second RAN node can receive, from the first RAN node, a resource status acknowledge message in response to one or more of the following: the resource status response message; the resource status failure message; and the resource status update message.
In some embodiments, each of the one or more metrics is related to one of the following:
In some of these embodiments, each of the one or more metrics is also related to one or more of the following:
In some embodiments, each triggering event can be specified in relation to its corresponding metric based on one or more of the following:
In some embodiments, for each metric, the reporting format can indicate that the second RAN node should transmit one of the following:
In some of these embodiments, a first metric can be associated with first and second triggering events. In such embodiments, occurrence of the first triggering event initiates a single report of the first metric and occurrence of the second triggering event initiates periodic reports of the first metric. In some of these embodiments, the reporting format (e.g., received in block 1510) can also include respective reporting periods for all configured periodic reports. For example, resource status update messages can be sent periodically in block 1550 according to the reporting period associated with the metric(s) being reported.
In some embodiments, the first RAN (including the first RAN node) is one of an E-UTRAN and an NG-RAN and the second RAN (including the second RAN node) is the other of the E-UTRAN and the NG-RAN.
In some embodiments, the resource status response message (e.g., sent in block 1530) includes at least one of the following:
In some embodiments, the resource status failure message (e.g., sent in block 1530) includes at least one of the following:
In some embodiments, the resource status request message is received (e.g., in block 1510) in a first message container from a second CN node coupled to the second RAN. The first message container includes an explicit indication that the first message container includes the resource status request message. Additionally, the resource status response message or the resource status failure message is sent (e.g., in block 1530) in a second message container to the second CN node.
Although the subject matter described herein can be implemented in any appropriate type of system using any suitable components, the embodiments disclosed herein are described in relation to a wireless network, such as the example wireless network illustrated in
The wireless network can comprise and/or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, and/or radio network or other similar type of system. In some embodiments, the wireless network can be configured to operate according to specific standards or other types of predefined rules or procedures. Thus, particular embodiments of the wireless network can implement communication standards, such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and/or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G standards; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the IEEE 802.11 standards; and/or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-Wave and/or ZigBee standards.
Network 1606 can comprise one or more backhaul networks, core networks, IP networks, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs), packet data networks, optical networks, wide-area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wired networks, wireless networks, metropolitan area networks, and other networks to enable communication between devices.
Network node 1660 and WD 1610 comprise various components described in more detail below. These components work together in order to provide network node and/or wireless device functionality, such as providing wireless connections in a wireless network. In different embodiments, the wireless network can comprise any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, base stations, controllers, wireless devices, relay stations, and/or any other components or systems that can facilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signals whether via wired or wireless connections.
Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs)). Base stations can be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and can then also be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station can be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node can also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units and/or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station can also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS).
Further examples of network nodes include multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell/multicast coordination entities (MCEs), core network nodes (e.g., MSCs, MMEs), O&M nodes, OSS nodes, SON nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., E-SMLCs), and/or MDTs. As another example, a network node can be a virtual network node as described in more detail below. More generally, however, network nodes can represent any suitable device (or group of devices) capable, configured, arranged, and/or operable to enable and/or provide a wireless device with access to the wireless network or to provide some service to a wireless device that has accessed the wireless network.
In
Similarly, network node 1660 can be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), which can each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which network node 1660 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components), one or more of the separate components can be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC can control multiple NodeB's. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, can in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, network node 1660 can be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some components can be duplicated (e.g., separate device readable medium 1680 for the different RATs) and some components can be reused (e.g., the same antenna 1662 can be shared by the RATs). Network node 1660 can also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 1660, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies can be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 1660.
Processing circuitry 1670 can be configured to perform any determining, calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being provided by a network node. These operations performed by processing circuitry 1670 can include processing information obtained by processing circuitry 1670 by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
Processing circuitry 1670 can comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic operable to provide various functionality of network node 1660, either alone or in conjunction with other network node 1660 components (e.g., device readable medium 1680). Such functionality can include any of the various wireless features, functions, or benefits discussed herein.
For example, processing circuitry 1670 can execute instructions stored in device readable medium 1680 or in memory within processing circuitry 1670. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1670 can include a system on a chip (SOC). As a more specific example, instructions (also referred to as a computer program product) stored in medium 1680 can include instructions that, when executed by processing circuitry 1670, can configure network node 1660 to perform operations corresponding to various exemplary methods (e.g., procedures) described herein.
In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1670 can include one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1672 and baseband processing circuitry 1674. In some embodiments, radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1672 and baseband processing circuitry 1674 can be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1672 and baseband processing circuitry 1674 can be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being provided by a network node, base station, eNB or other such network device can be performed by processing circuitry 1670 executing instructions stored on device readable medium 1680 or memory within processing circuitry 1670. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality can be provided by processing circuitry 1670 without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readable medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a device readable storage medium or not, processing circuitry 1670 can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry 1670 alone or to other components of network node 1660 but are enjoyed by network node 1660 as a whole, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally.
Device readable medium 1680 can comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that can be used by processing circuitry 1670. Device readable medium 1680 can store any suitable instructions, data or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry 1670 and, utilized by network node 1660. Device readable medium 1680 can be used to store any calculations made by processing circuitry 1670 and/or any data received via interface 1690. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1670 and device readable medium 1680 can be considered to be integrated.
Interface 1690 is used in the wired or wireless communication of signaling and/or data between network node 1660, network 1606, and/or WDs 1610. As illustrated, interface 1690 comprises port(s)/terminal(s) 1694 to send and receive data, for example to and from network 1606 over a wired connection. Interface 1690 also includes radio front end circuitry 1692 that can be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, antenna 1662. Radio front end circuitry 1692 comprises filters 1698 and amplifiers 1696. Radio front end circuitry 1692 can be connected to antenna 1662 and processing circuitry 1670. Radio front end circuitry can be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1662 and processing circuitry 1670. Radio front end circuitry 1692 can receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry 1692 can convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1698 and/or amplifiers 1696. The radio signal can then be transmitted via antenna 1662. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 1662 can collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuitry 1692. The digital data can be passed to processing circuitry 1670. In other embodiments, the interface can comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
In certain alternative embodiments, network node 1660 may not include separate radio front end circuitry 1692, instead, processing circuitry 1670 can comprise radio front end circuitry and can be connected to antenna 1662 without separate radio front end circuitry 1692. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of RF transceiver circuitry 1672 can be considered a part of interface 1690. In still other embodiments, interface 1690 can include one or more ports or terminals 1694, radio front end circuitry 1692, and RF transceiver circuitry 1672, as part of a radio unit (not shown), and interface 1690 can communicate with baseband processing circuitry 1674, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).
Antenna 1662 can include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals. Antenna 1662 can be coupled to radio front end circuitry 1690 and can be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly. In some embodiments, antenna 1662 can comprise one or more omni-directional, sector or panel antennas operable to transmit/receive radio signals between, for example, 2 GHz and 66 GHz. An omni-directional antenna can be used to transmit/receive radio signals in any direction, a sector antenna can be used to transmit/receive radio signals from devices within a particular area, and a panel antenna can be a line of sight antenna used to transmit/receive radio signals in a relatively straight line. In some instances, the use of more than one antenna can be referred to as MIMO. In certain embodiments, antenna 1662 can be separate from network node 1660 and can be connectable to network node 1660 through an interface or port.
Antenna 1662, interface 1690, and/or processing circuitry 1670 can be configured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signals can be received from a wireless device, another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly, antenna 1662, interface 1690, and/or processing circuitry 1670 can be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signals can be transmitted to a wireless device, another network node and/or any other network equipment.
Power circuitry 1687 can comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry and can be configured to supply the components of network node 1660 with power for performing the functionality described herein. Power circuitry 1687 can receive power from power source 1686. Power source 1686 and/or power circuitry 1687 can be configured to provide power to the various components of network node 1660 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component). Power source 1686 can either be included in, or external to, power circuitry 1687 and/or network node 1660. For example, network node 1660 can be connectable to an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry 1687. As a further example, power source 1686 can comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry 1687. The battery can provide backup power should the external power source fail. Other types of power sources, such as photovoltaic devices, can also be used.
Alternative embodiments of network node 1660 can include additional components beyond those shown in
In some embodiments, a wireless device (WD, e.g., WD 1610) can be configured to transmit and/or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a WD can be designed to transmit information to a network on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the network. Examples of a WD include, but are not limited to, smart phones, mobile phones, cell phones, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, desktop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless cameras, gaming consoles or devices, music storage devices, playback appliances, wearable devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, tablets, laptops, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), laptop-mounted equipment (LME), smart devices, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE), mobile-type communication (MTC) devices, Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, etc.
A WD can support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and can in this case be referred to as a D2D communication device. As yet another specific example, in an Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, a WD can represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another WD and/or a network node. The WD can in this case be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which can in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the WD can be a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) standard. Particular examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home or personal appliances (e.g., refrigerators, televisions, etc.) personal wearables (e.g., watches, fitness trackers, etc.). In other scenarios, a WD can represent a vehicle or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation. A WD as described above can represent the endpoint of a wireless connection, in which case the device can be referred to as a wireless terminal. Furthermore, a WD as described above can be mobile, in which case it can also be referred to as a mobile device or a mobile terminal.
As illustrated, wireless device 1610 includes antenna 1611, interface 1614, processing circuitry 1620, device readable medium 1630, user interface equipment 1632, auxiliary equipment 1634, power source 1636 and power circuitry 1637. WD 1610 can include multiple sets of one or more of the illustrated components for different wireless technologies supported by WD 1610, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, WiMAX, or Bluetooth wireless technologies, just to mention a few. These wireless technologies can be integrated into the same or different chips or set of chips as other components within WD 1610.
Antenna 1611 can include one or more antennas or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals, and is connected to interface 1614. In certain alternative embodiments, antenna 1611 can be separate from WD 1610 and be connectable to WD 1610 through an interface or port. Antenna 1611, interface 1614, and/or processing circuitry 1620 can be configured to perform any receiving or transmitting operations described herein as being performed by a WD. Any information, data and/or signals can be received from a network node and/or another WD. In some embodiments, radio front end circuitry and/or antenna 1611 can be considered an interface.
As illustrated, interface 1614 comprises radio front end circuitry 1612 and antenna 1611. Radio front end circuitry 1612 comprise one or more filters 1618 and amplifiers 1616. Radio front end circuitry 1614 is connected to antenna 1611 and processing circuitry 1620 and can be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1611 and processing circuitry 1620. Radio front end circuitry 1612 can be coupled to or a part of antenna 1611. In some embodiments, WD 1610 may not include separate radio front end circuitry 1612; rather, processing circuitry 1620 can comprise radio front end circuitry and can be connected to antenna 1611. Similarly, in some embodiments, some or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1622 can be considered a part of interface 1614. Radio front end circuitry 1612 can receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry 1612 can convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1618 and/or amplifiers 1616. The radio signal can then be transmitted via antenna 1611. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 1611 can collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuitry 1612. The digital data can be passed to processing circuitry 1620. In other embodiments, the interface can comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
Processing circuitry 1620 can comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software, and/or encoded logic operable to provide WD 1610 functionality either alone or in combination with other WD 1610 components, such as device readable medium 1630. Such functionality can include any of the various wireless features or benefits discussed herein.
For example, processing circuitry 1620 can execute instructions stored in device readable medium 1630 or in memory within processing circuitry 1620 to provide the functionality disclosed herein. More specifically, instructions (also referred to as a computer program product) stored in medium 1630 can include instructions that, when executed by processor 1620, can configure wireless device 1610 to perform operations corresponding to various exemplary methods (e.g., procedures) described herein.
As illustrated, processing circuitry 1620 includes one or more of RF transceiver circuitry 1622, baseband processing circuitry 1624, and application processing circuitry 1626. In other embodiments, the processing circuitry can comprise different components and/or different combinations of components. In certain embodiments processing circuitry 1620 of WD 1610 can comprise a SOC. In some embodiments, RF transceiver circuitry 1622, baseband processing circuitry 1624, and application processing circuitry 1626 can be on separate chips or sets of chips. In alternative embodiments, part or all of baseband processing circuitry 1624 and application processing circuitry 1626 can be combined into one chip or set of chips, and RF transceiver circuitry 1622 can be on a separate chip or set of chips. In still alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1622 and baseband processing circuitry 1624 can be on the same chip or set of chips, and application processing circuitry 1626 can be on a separate chip or set of chips. In yet other alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1622, baseband processing circuitry 1624, and application processing circuitry 1626 can be combined in the same chip or set of chips. In some embodiments, RF transceiver circuitry 1622 can be a part of interface 1614. RF transceiver circuitry 1622 can condition RF signals for processing circuitry 1620.
In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein as being performed by a WD can be provided by processing circuitry 1620 executing instructions stored on device readable medium 1630, which in certain embodiments can be a computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality can be provided by processing circuitry 1620 without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a device readable storage medium or not, processing circuitry 1620 can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to processing circuitry 1620 alone or to other components of WD 1610, but are enjoyed by WD 1610 as a whole, and/or by end users and the wireless network generally.
Processing circuitry 1620 can be configured to perform any determining, calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations) described herein as being performed by a WD. These operations, as performed by processing circuitry 1620, can include processing information obtained by processing circuitry 1620 by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored by WD 1610, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
Device readable medium 1630 can be operable to store a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry 1620. Device readable medium 1630 can include computer memory (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., a hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/or computer executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that can be used by processing circuitry 1620. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1620 and device readable medium 1630 can be considered to be integrated.
User interface equipment 1632 can include components that allow and/or facilitate a human user to interact with WD 1610. Such interaction can be of many forms, such as visual, audial, tactile, etc. User interface equipment 1632 can be operable to produce output to the user and to allow and/or facilitate the user to provide input to WD 1610. The type of interaction can vary depending on the type of user interface equipment 1632 installed in WD 1610. For example, if WD 1610 is a smart phone, the interaction can be via a touch screen; if WD 1610 is a smart meter, the interaction can be through a screen that provides usage (e.g., the number of gallons used) or a speaker that provides an audible alert (e.g., if smoke is detected). User interface equipment 1632 can include input interfaces, devices and circuits, and output interfaces, devices and circuits. User interface equipment 1632 can be configured to allow and/or facilitate input of information into WD 1610 and is connected to processing circuitry 1620 to allow and/or facilitate processing circuitry 1620 to process the input information. User interface equipment 1632 can include, for example, a microphone, a proximity or other sensor, keys/buttons, a touch display, one or more cameras, a USB port, or other input circuitry. User interface equipment 1632 is also configured to allow and/or facilitate output of information from WD 1610, and to allow and/or facilitate processing circuitry 1620 to output information from WD 1610. User interface equipment 1632 can include, for example, a speaker, a display, vibrating circuitry, a USB port, a headphone interface, or other output circuitry. Using one or more input and output interfaces, devices, and circuits, of user interface equipment 1632, WD 1610 can communicate with end users and/or the wireless network and allow and/or facilitate them to benefit from the functionality described herein.
Auxiliary equipment 1634 is operable to provide more specific functionality which may not be generally performed by WDs. This can comprise specialized sensors for doing measurements for various purposes, interfaces for additional types of communication such as wired communications etc. The inclusion and type of components of auxiliary equipment 1634 can vary depending on the embodiment and/or scenario.
Power source 1636 can, in some embodiments, be in the form of a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic devices or power cells, can also be used. WD 1610 can further comprise power circuitry 1637 for delivering power from power source 1636 to the various parts of WD 1610 which need power from power source 1636 to carry out any functionality described or indicated herein. Power circuitry 1637 can in certain embodiments comprise power management circuitry. Power circuitry 1637 can additionally or alternatively be operable to receive power from an external power source; in which case WD 1610 can be connectable to the external power source (such as an electricity outlet) via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Power circuitry 1637 can also in certain embodiments be operable to deliver power from an external power source to power source 1636. This can be, for example, for the charging of power source 1636. Power circuitry 1637 can perform any converting or other modification to the power from power source 1636 to make it suitable for supply to the respective components of WD 1610.
In
In
In the depicted embodiment, input/output interface 1705 can be configured to provide a communication interface to an input device, output device, or input and output device. UE 1700 can be configured to use an output device via input/output interface 1705. An output device can use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a USB port can be used to provide input to and output from UE 1700. The output device can be a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. UE 1700 can be configured to use an input device via input/output interface 1705 to allow and/or facilitate a user to capture information into UE 1700. The input device can include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display can include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor can be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, another like sensor, or any combination thereof. For example, the input device can be an accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microphone, and an optical sensor.
In
RAM 1717 can be configured to interface via bus 1702 to processing circuitry 1701 to provide storage or caching of data or computer instructions during the execution of software programs such as the operating system, application programs, and device drivers. ROM 1719 can be configured to provide computer instructions or data to processing circuitry 1701. For example, ROM 1719 can be configured to store invariant low-level system code or data for basic system functions such as basic input and output (I/O), startup, or reception of keystrokes from a keyboard that are stored in a non-volatile memory. Storage medium 1721 can be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, or flash drives.
In one example, storage medium 1721 can be configured to include operating system 1723; application program 1725 such as a web browser application, a widget or gadget engine or another application; and data file 1727. Storage medium 1721 can store, for use by UE 1700, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems. For example, application program 1725 can include executable program instructions (also referred to as a computer program product) that, when executed by processor 1701, can configure UE 1700 to perform operations corresponding to various exemplary methods (e.g., procedures) described herein.
Storage medium 1721 can be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), floppy disk drive, flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as a subscriber identity module or a removable user identity (SIM/RUIM) module, other memory, or any combination thereof. Storage medium 1721 can allow and/or facilitate UE 1700 to access computer-executable instructions, application programs or the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system can be tangibly embodied in storage medium 1721, which can comprise a device readable medium.
In
In the illustrated embodiment, the communication functions of communication subsystem 1731 can include data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. For example, communication subsystem 1731 can include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and GPS communication. Network 1743b can encompass wired and/or wireless networks such as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another like network or any combination thereof. For example, network 1743b can be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and/or a near-field network. Power source 1713 can be configured to provide alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power to components of UE 1700.
The features, benefits and/or functions described herein can be implemented in one of the components of UE 1700 or partitioned across multiple components of UE 1700. Further, the features, benefits, and/or functions described herein can be implemented in any combination of hardware, software or firmware. In one example, communication subsystem 1731 can be configured to include any of the components described herein. Further, processing circuitry 1701 can be configured to communicate with any of such components over bus 1702. In another example, any of such components can be represented by program instructions stored in memory that when executed by processing circuitry 1701 perform the corresponding functions described herein. In another example, the functionality of any of such components can be partitioned between processing circuitry 1701 and communication subsystem 1731. In another example, the non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components can be implemented in software or firmware and the computationally intensive functions can be implemented in hardware.
In some embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein can be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in one or more virtual environments 1800 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes 1830. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node is not a radio access node or does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node), then the network node can be entirely virtualized.
The functions can be implemented by one or more applications 1820 (which can alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) operative to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein. Applications 1820 are run in virtualization environment 1800 which provides hardware 1830 comprising processing circuitry 1860 and memory 1890. Memory 1890 contains instructions 1895 executable by processing circuitry 1860 whereby application 1820 is operative to provide one or more of the features, benefits, and/or functions disclosed herein.
Virtualization environment 1800 can include general-purpose or special-purpose network hardware devices (or nodes) 1830 comprising a set of one or more processors or processing circuitry 1860, which can be commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) processors, dedicated Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), or any other type of processing circuitry including digital or analog hardware components or special purpose processors. Each hardware device can comprise memory 1890-1 which can be non-persistent memory for temporarily storing instructions 1895 or software executed by processing circuitry 1860. For example, instructions 1895 can include program instructions (also referred to as a computer program product) that, when executed by processing circuitry 1860, can configure hardware node 1820 to perform operations corresponding to various exemplary methods (e.g., procedures) described herein. Such operations can also be attributed to virtual node(s) 1820 that is/are hosted by hardware node 1830.
Each hardware device can comprise one or more network interface controllers (NICs) 1870, also known as network interface cards, which include physical network interface 1880. Each hardware device can also include non-transitory, persistent, machine-readable storage media 1890-2 having stored therein software 1895 and/or instructions executable by processing circuitry 1860. Software 1895 can include any type of software including software for instantiating one or more virtualization layers 1850 (also referred to as hypervisors), software to execute virtual machines 1840 as well as software allowing it to execute functions, features and/or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein.
Virtual machines 1840, comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and can be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 1850 or hypervisor. Different embodiments of the instance of virtual appliance 1820 can be implemented on one or more of virtual machines 1840, and the implementations can be made in different ways.
During operation, processing circuitry 1860 executes software 1895 to instantiate the hypervisor or virtualization layer 1850, which can sometimes be referred to as a virtual machine monitor (VMM). Virtualization layer 1850 can present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to virtual machine 1840.
As shown in
Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV). NFV can be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high-volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
In the context of NFV, virtual machine 1840 can be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of virtual machines 1840, and that part of hardware 1830 that executes that virtual machine, be it hardware dedicated to that virtual machine and/or hardware shared by that virtual machine with others of the virtual machines 1840, forms a separate virtual network elements (VNE).
Still in the context of NFV, Virtual Network Function (VNF) is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more virtual machines 1840 on top of hardware networking infrastructure 1830 and corresponds to application 1820 in
In some embodiments, one or more radio units 18200 that each include one or more transmitters 18220 and one or more receivers 18210 can be coupled to one or more antennas 18225. Radio units 18200 can communicate directly with hardware nodes 1830 via one or more appropriate network interfaces and can be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. Nodes arranged in this manner can also communicate with one or more UEs, such as described elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, some signaling can be performed via control system 18230, which can alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes 1830 and radio units 18200.
With reference to
Telecommunication network 1910 is itself connected to host computer 1930, which can be embodied in the hardware and/or software of a standalone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server or as processing resources in a server farm. Host computer 1930 can be under the ownership or control of a service provider or can be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. Connections 1921 and 1922 between telecommunication network 1910 and host computer 1930 can extend directly from core network 1914 to host computer 1930 or can go via an optional intermediate network 1920. Intermediate network 1920 can be one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private or hosted network; intermediate network 1920, if any, can be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular, intermediate network 1920 can comprise two or more sub-networks (not shown).
The communication system of
Example implementations, in accordance with an embodiment, of the UE, base station and host computer discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to
Communication system 2000 can also include base station 2020 provided in a telecommunication system and comprising hardware 2025 enabling it to communicate with host computer 2010 and with UE 2030. Hardware 2025 can include communication interface 2026 for setting up and maintaining a wired or wireless connection with an interface of a different communication device of communication system 2000, as well as radio interface 2027 for setting up and maintaining at least wireless connection 2070 with UE 2030 located in a coverage area (not shown in
Base station 2020 also includes software 2021 stored internally or accessible via an external connection. For example, software 2021 can include program instructions (also referred to as a computer program product) that, when executed by processing circuitry 2028, can configure base station 2020 to perform operations corresponding to various exemplary methods (e.g., procedures) described herein.
Communication system 2000 can also include UE 2030 already referred to, whose hardware 2035 can include radio interface 2037 configured to set up and maintain wireless connection 2070 with a base station serving a coverage area in which UE 2030 is currently located. Hardware 2035 of UE 2030 can also include processing circuitry 2038, which can comprise one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions.
UE 2030 also includes software 2031, which is stored in or accessible by UE 2030 and executable by processing circuitry 2038. Software 2031 includes client application 2032. Client application 2032 can be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE 2030, with the support of host computer 2010. In host computer 2010, an executing host application 2012 can communicate with the executing client application 2032 via OTT connection 2050 terminating at UE 2030 and host computer 2010. In providing the service to the user, client application 2032 can receive request data from host application 2012 and provide user data in response to the request data. OTT connection 2050 can transfer both the request data and the user data. Client application 2032 can interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides. Software 2031 can also include program instructions (also referred to as a computer program product) that, when executed by processing circuitry 2038, can configure UE 2030 to perform operations corresponding to various exemplary methods (e.g., procedures) described herein.
It is noted that host computer 2010, base station 2020 and UE 2030 illustrated in
In
Wireless connection 2070 between UE 2030 and base station 2020 is in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to UE 2030 using OTT connection 2050, in which wireless connection 2070 forms the last segment. More precisely, the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein can improve flexibility for the network to monitor end-to-end quality-of-service (QoS) of data flows, including their corresponding radio bearers, associated with data sessions between a user equipment (UE) and another entity, such as an OTT data application or service external to the 5G network. These and other advantages can facilitate more timely design, implementation, and deployment of 5G/NR solutions. Furthermore, such embodiments can facilitate flexible and timely control of data session QoS, which can lead to improvements in capacity, throughput, latency, etc. that are envisioned by 5G/NR and important for the growth of OTT services.
A measurement procedure can be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other network operational aspects on which the one or more embodiments improve. There can further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection 2050 between host computer 2010 and UE 2030, in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring OTT connection 2050 can be implemented in software 2011 and hardware 2015 of host computer 2010 or in software 2031 and hardware 2035 of UE 2030, or both. In embodiments, sensors (not shown) can be deployed in or in association with communication devices through which OTT connection 2050 passes; the sensors can participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or by supplying values of other physical quantities from which software 2011, 2031 can compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of OTT connection 2050 can include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not affect base station 2020, and it can be unknown or imperceptible to base station 2020. Such procedures and functionalities can be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements can involve proprietary UE signaling facilitating host computer 2010's measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like. The measurements can be implemented in that software 2011 and 2031 causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using OTT connection 2050 while it monitors propagation times, errors, etc.
The foregoing merely illustrates the principles of the disclosure. Various modifications and alterations to the described embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the teachings herein. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise numerous systems, arrangements, and procedures that, although not explicitly shown or described herein, embody the principles of the disclosure and can be thus within the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Various exemplary embodiments can be used together with one another, as well as interchangeably therewith, as should be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art.
The term unit, as used herein, can have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and/or electronic devices and can include, for example, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein.
Any appropriate steps, methods, features, functions, or benefits disclosed herein may be performed through one or more functional units or modules of one or more virtual apparatuses. Each virtual apparatus may comprise a number of these functional units. These functional units may be implemented via processing circuitry, which may include one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digital hardware, which may include Digital Signal Processor (DSPs), special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or several types of memory such as Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or data communications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one or more of the techniques described herein. In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause the respective functional unit to perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
As described herein, device and/or apparatus can be represented by a semiconductor chip, a chipset, or a (hardware) module comprising such chip or chipset; this, however, does not exclude the possibility that a functionality of a device or apparatus, instead of being hardware implemented, be implemented as a software module such as a computer program or a computer program product comprising executable software code portions for execution or being run on a processor. Furthermore, functionality of a device or apparatus can be implemented by any combination of hardware and software. A device or apparatus can also be regarded as an assembly of multiple devices and/or apparatuses, whether functionally in cooperation with or independently of each other. Moreover, devices and apparatuses can be implemented in a distributed fashion throughout a system, so long as the functionality of the device or apparatus is preserved. Such and similar principles are considered as known to a skilled person.
Furthermore, functions described herein as being performed by a wireless device or a network node may be distributed over a plurality of wireless devices and/or network nodes. In other words, it is contemplated that the functions of the network node and wireless device described herein are not limited to performance by a single physical device and, in fact, can be distributed among several physical devices.
In addition, certain terms used in the present disclosure, including the specification, drawings and exemplary embodiments thereof, can be used synonymously in certain instances, including, but not limited to, e.g., data and information. It should be understood that, while these words and/or other words that can be synonymous to one another, can be used synonymously herein, that there can be instances when such words can be intended to not be used synonymously. Further, to the extent that the prior art knowledge has not been explicitly incorporated by reference herein above, it is explicitly incorporated herein in its entirety. All publications referenced are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It will be further understood that terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
In addition, certain terms used in the present disclosure, including the specification and drawings, can be used synonymously in certain instances (e.g., “data” and “information”). It should be understood, that although these terms (and/or other terms that can be synonymous to one another) can be used synonymously herein, there can be instances when such words can be intended to not be used synonymously. Further, to the extent that the prior art knowledge has not been explicitly incorporated by reference herein above, it is explicitly incorporated herein in its entirety. All publications referenced are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Example embodiments of the techniques and apparatus described herein include, but are not limited to, the following enumerated examples:
A1. A method, for a first radio access network (RAN) node in a first system of a wireless network, for inter-system mobility load balancing (MLB) with a second RAN node in a second system of the wireless network, the method comprising:
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE2021/050637 | 6/28/2021 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63061573 | Aug 2020 | US |
