Patent Application
20160092511
This application relates to the technical fields of software and/or hardware technology and, in one example embodiment, to system and method to assist a user in formulating a search query.
An on-line social network may be viewed as a platform to connect people in virtual space. An on-line social network may be a web-based platform, such as, e.g., a social networking web site, and may be accessed by a use via a web browser or via a mobile application provided on a mobile phone, a tablet, etc. An on-line social network may be a business-focused social network that is designed specifically for the business community, where registered members establish and document networks of people they know and trust professionally. Each registered member may be represented by a member profile. A member profile may be represented by one or more web pages, or a structured representation of the member's information in XML (Extensible Markup Language), JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) or similar format. A member's profile web page of a social networking web site may emphasize employment history and education of the associated member. A member profile in an on-line social network system may also represent a group, a company, a school, etc. Member profiles in an on-line social network system may be referred to as simply profiles.
An on-line social network system may include a search system that permits members to search information, such as, e.g., jobs postings, people, etc., within an on-line social network. The searches within the on-line social network may be viewed as navigational (where the intent of the search—search intent—is to locate a specific item, e.g., a particular person) or exploratory (where the intent of the search is to scan through the available information in order to identify potentially interesting or useful items). A navigational search may be fairly specific (e.g., indicating the first and last name of a person). An exploratory search, on the other hand, may return a great number of search results, which may sometimes make it difficult to identify those search results that are most useful. A search system may process a search request by matching a search string against the stored content to determine, which documents or records contain the search string. The documents that contain the search string, or references to those documents, are returned as search results. A search system may obtain a search string, e.g., by accessing input provided by a user via a search box presented as part of Graphical User Interface (GUI).
Embodiments of the present invention are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate similar elements and in which:
A method and system to assist a user in formulating a search query in an on-line social network is described. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of an embodiment of the present invention. It will be evident, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
As used herein, the term “or” may be construed in either an inclusive or exclusive sense. Similarly, the term “exemplary” is merely to mean an example of something or an exemplar and not necessarily a preferred or ideal means of accomplishing a goal. Additionally, although various exemplary embodiments discussed below may utilize Java-based servers and related environments, the embodiments are given merely for clarity in disclosure. Thus, any type of server environment, including various system architectures, may employ various embodiments of the application-centric resources system and method described herein and is considered as being within a scope of the present invention.
For the purposes of this description the phrase “an on-line social networking application” may be referred to as and used interchangeably with the phrase “an on-line social network” or merely “a social network.” it will also be noted that an on-line social network may be any type of an on-line social network, such as, e.g., a professional network, an interest-based network, or any on-line networking system that permits users to join as registered members. For the purposes of this description, registered members of an on-line social network may be referred to as simply members.
Each member of an on-line social network is represented by a member profile (also referred to as a profile of a member or simply a profile). A member profile may be associated with social links that indicate the member's connection to other members of the social network. A member profile may also include or be associated with comments or recommendations from other members of the on-line social network, with links to other network resources, such as, e.g., publications, etc. As mentioned above, an on-line social networking system may be designed to allow registered members to establish and document networks of people they know and trust professionally. Any two members of a social network may indicate their mutual willingness to be “connected” in the context of the social network, in that they can view each other's profiles, provide recommendations and endorsements for each other and otherwise be in touch via the social network.
The profile information of a social network member may include personal information such as, e.g., the name of the member, current and previous geographic location of the member, current and previous employment information of the member, information related to education of the member, information about professional accomplishments of the member, publications, patents, etc. The profile information of a social network member may also include information about the member's professional skills, such as, e.g., “product management,” “patent prosecution,” “image processing,” etc.).
The profile of a member may also include information about the member's current and past employment, such as company identifications, professional titles held by the associated member at the respective companies, as well as the member's dates of employment at those companies. A professional title that may be present in a member profile and indicate a professional position of the member during a particular period of employment may be referred to as a title string. Thus, a title string that appears in a member profile may be associated with a particular company and also with a period of time during which the member held, at that company, a particular position.
As mentioned above, an on-line social network system may include a search system that permits members to search for a wide range of information. In one embodiment, a search system may be configured to generate structured queries using one or more techniques described below. Method and system are described for assisting users in the process of formulating search criteria and generating so-called structured queries (also referred to as compound graph queries). A query that is processed by matching one or more keywords against the entire content of a document or a record may be referred to as an unstructured query, A structured query, on the other hand, is a query that is processed by examining some but not all fields in a document to determine whether the content stored in those one or more selected fields contains a search string included in the query. A structured query that is processed by examining some but not all fields in a document may be referred to as a fielded query. A fielded query includes a string that is identified by the search system as an entity of a particular entity type. The search system is then able to determine whether that particular entity type is associated with one or more specific fields in the collection of documents and, if so, search only those specific fields in the documents from the collection. Strings that have been tagged with or identified as being of a particular entity type are entities of that particular entity type. For example, a string “Michael Smith” may be identified by the search system as an entity of type “people.” A string “LinkedIn” may be identified by the search system as an entity of type “companies.”
Another example of a structured query is a so-called faceted query, where, rather than matching text, a search system matches identifiers (ID's). For example, an entity of type “companies” may be a string “LinkedIn,” which also has an ID. In the member profiles, the company that corresponds to the “LinkedIn” string has the same ID. When a user requests a search for “LinkedIn,” the search system determines the ID assigned to the “LinkedIn” string and matches the ID assigned to the “LinkedIn” string with IDs stored in the member profiles. For example, if the entity “LinkedIn” is assigned company ID 1337 in the on-line social network system, a query including the entity “LinkedIn” would result in the search system returning member profiles that are assigned 1337 as an ID in the Current Company facet associated with the profiles.
A search system may obtain a search string, e.g., by accessing input provided by a user via a search box presented as part of Graphical User Interface (GUI). In one embodiment, a search system may be configured to assist and guide a user in building complex structured queries that may include a combination of one or more entities and entity types, together with one or more relationship operators. Thus configured search system may initiate the guidance process by first attempting to determine so-called search intent. In response to detecting activation of a search box (e.g., detecting a cursor placed in the search box), the search system causes presentation of one or more search intent options, such as, e.g., “Find LinkedIn members,” “Look for my dream job,” etc. on the display device of the user. An example presentation of suggested search intent options is shown on screen 500 in
In one embodiment, the initial list of search intent options may be personalized based on the information about the user that the search system may glean from the member profile information associated with the user and the related information (e.g., user's activities in the context of the on-line social network system, information based on data available with respect to the user's connections in the on-line social network system, etc.) The personalization aspect of the search system may be referred to as member understanding process. Thus generated personalized presentation of the search intent options may influence what entities or entries are being suggested to the user by the search system and also influence which relationship operators are being suggested to the user by the search system, based on the likely goals derived by the search system from the search intent option selected by the user. It will be noted, that a pre-query search intent selection by the user is not required for the search system to proceed with assisting and guiding a user in formulating a search request and in the resulting query construction.
The user may then either type one or more keywords into the search box and submit e search or select one of the search intent options presented in the area 510 shown in
“Find LinkedIn members,” as shown on screen 600 of
The search system recognizes the string typed into the search box as an entity and determines one or more relationship operators that are suitable for expressing a relationship with respect to the entity type associated with the entity. This is illustrated in
If the resulting query, expressed by the string “product manager in my network,” as shown in
The search system continue the guidance process by presenting a further set of suggestions, e.g., a set representing one or more entity types or a set representing one or more relationship operators. As shown on screen 800 in
The result of the guidance process performed by the search system is a query that includes two entities and two relationship operators, as shown in screen 11 of
In one embodiment, the search system may also utilize and provide as suggestions Boolean operators, e.g. after the last entity has been selected by a user, in order to permit a user to add additional entities of the same type as well as follow-on relationship operators and entities. An example of presenting suggestions in the form of Boolean operators is shown in screen 1200 of
As shown in
The client systems 110 and 120 may be capable of accessing the server system 140 via a communications network 130, utilizing, e.g., a browser application 112 executing on the client system 110, or a mobile application executing on the client system 120. The communications network 130 may be a public network (e.g., the Internet, a mobile communication network, or any other network capable of communicating digital data). As shown in
The query builder 230 may be configured to include an entity corresponding to the input string into a query as part of the process of building a structured query. A structured query may include one or more entities of the same or different entity types, and one or more relationship operators. A relationship operator may indicate a relationship with an entity of a certain entity type. An entity type identifies a group of profiles from the plurality of profiles that are grouped based on predetermined criteria. For example, an entity type may be associated with profiles that represent respective companies. A relationship operator may indicate relationships, such as current employment of a person represented by an entity at a company represented by another entity. Another relationship operator may indicate past employment of a person represented by an entity at a company represented by another entity. The connector module 240 may be configured to determine a relationship operator suitable for expressing a relationship with an entity of the entity type. The presentation module 250 may be configured to cause presentation, on a display device, a query suggestion as a link for activation of the structured query.
The input detector 210 may be configured to detect a selection of a relationship operator presented on the display device and also detect a further input string in the search box. The entity type detector 220 may then identify the further input string as being of a further entity type, and the query builder may append, to the query, the relationship operator and a further entity corresponding to the further input string to the query (the further entity being of the further entity type). the resulting query is a complete query and is submitted for processing, a results generator 260, also included in the system 200, may process the query and generate one or more search results. For example, in the query that corresponds to the string “product manager who works at LinkedIn,” the string “product manager” corresponds to an entity of type “title,” the string “LinkedIn” corresponds to an entity of type “company, and that the string “who works at” corresponds to a relationship operator. The results generator 250 may process this query by examining only those profiles in the on-line social network system that represent people (and not companies, or schools, etc.) and, in the profiles that represent people, only examine the profile sections that are designated by the on-line social network system 142 to store information indicative of the current employer of the member represented by the respective profile or to store information indicative of the current position of the member. The presentation module 250 may be configured is to cause presentation of the search results on a display device of the user who initiated the search.
In one embodiment, the entity type detector 220 may be configured to obtain information indicative of search intent associated with the search and to utilize the search intent for determining the entity type corresponding to the input string. The presentation module 250 may be configured to cause presentation of one or more search intent options, each search intent option associated with a respective entity type, in response to detecting activation of the search box. Some operations performed by the system 200 may be described with reference to
As shown in
As shown in
The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modules that operate to perform one or more operations or functions. The modules referred to herein may, in some example embodiments, comprise processor-implemented modules.
Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or more processors or processor-implemented modules. The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the processor or processors may be located in a single location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment or as a server farm), while in other embodiments the processors may be distributed across a number of locations.
The example computer system 1300 includes a processor 1302 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU) or both), a main memory 1304 and a static memory 1306, which communicate with each other via a bus 1312. The computer system 1300 may further include a video display unit 1310 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) or a cathode ray tube (CRT)). The computer system 1300 also includes an alpha-numeric input device 1312 (e.g., a keyboard), a user interface (UI) navigation device 1314 (e.g., a cursor control device), a disk drive unit 1316, a signal generation device 1318 (e.g., a speaker) and a network interface device 1320.
The disk drive unit 1316 includes a machine-readable medium 1322 on which is stored one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., software 1324) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The software 1324 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 1304 and/or within the processor 1302 during execution thereof by the computer system 1300, with the main memory 1304 and the processor 1302 also constituting machine-readable media.
The software 1324 may further be transmitted or received over a network 1326 via the network interface device 1320 utilizing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g., Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)).
While the machine-readable medium 1322 is shown in an example embodiment to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing and encoding a set of instructions for execution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of embodiments of the present invention, or that is capable of storing and encoding data structures utilized by or associated with such a set of instructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, optical and magnetic media. Such media may also include, without limitation, hard disks, floppy disks, flash memory cards, digital video disks, random access memory (RAMs), read only memory (ROMs), and the like.
The embodiments described herein may be implemented in an operating environment comprising software installed on a computer, in hardware, or in a combination of software and hardware. Such embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be referred to herein, individually, or collectively, by the term “invention” merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any single invention or inventive concept if more than one is, in fact, disclosed.
Certain embodiments are described herein as including logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules may constitute either software modules (e.g., code embodied (1) on a non-transitory machine-readable medium or (2) in a transmission signal) or hardware-implemented modules. A hardware-implemented module is tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner. In example embodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system) or one or more processors may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware-implemented module that operates to perform certain operations as described herein.
In various embodiments, a hardware-implemented module may be implemented mechanically or electronically. For example, a hardware-implemented module may comprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured (e.g., as a special-purpose processor, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)) to perform certain operations. A hardware-implemented module may also comprise programmable logic or circuitry (e.g., as encompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor) that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware-implemented module mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations.
Accordingly, the term “hardware-implemented module” should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired) or temporarily or transitorily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner and/or to perform certain operations described herein. Considering embodiments in which hardware-implemented modules are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware-implemented modules need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where the hardware-implemented modules comprise a general-purpose processor configured using software, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respective different hardware-implemented modules at different times. Software may accordingly configure a processor, for example, to constitute a particular hardware-implemented module at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware-implemented module at a different instance of time.
Hardware-implemented modules can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware-implemented modules. Accordingly, the described hardware-implemented modules may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple of such hardware-implemented modules exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) that connect the hardware-implemented modules. In embodiments in which multiple hardware-implemented modules are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware-implemented modules may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware-implemented modules have access. For example, one hardware-implemented module may perform an operation, and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware-implemented module may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware-implemented modules may also initiate communications input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information).
The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented modules that operate to perform one or more operations or functions. The modules referred to herein may, in some example embodiments, comprise processor-implemented modules.
Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or processors or processor-implemented modules. The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the one or more processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the processor or processors may be located in a single location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment or as a server farm), while in other embodiments the processors may be distributed across a number of locations.
The one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., Application Program Interfaces (APIs).)
Thus, method and system to assist a user in formulating a search query have been described. While the techniques for formulating a search query have been described with reference to searches in the context of an on-line social network system, the method and system to assist a user in formulating a search query may be used beneficially in any context where electronic search results are being requested and retrieved. Although embodiments have been described with reference to specific example embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader scope of the inventive subject matter. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
