(a) Field of the Invention
The current invention relates to a device that provides for interaction with a user during recording, playing, composing and modifying musical selections.
(b) Description of Related Art
Various devices capable of composing a musical piece automatically have been developed, such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,399,731. These devices are based on synthesizers of instrumental sounds on which are applied, for instance as per the MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) standard, “scores” of notes that are composed automatically. Various devices capable of recording or playing video recordings have already been developed, such as digital or analog camcorders and other video recorders. These devices can possess one or several audio inputs, which permit mixing or replacement of the sound track that was recorded originally during the recording of the image with an external audio source.
Furthermore, there also exist various devices that are capable of playing recorded pieces, such as digital compact disc players, players of compressed files (for instance as per the MPEG-level 3 standard), etc. Finally, there exist devices incorporating a tuner, which permit reception of radio broadcasts via electromagnetic waves.
An interactive digital multi-media device provides a user with multiple related features, wherein it is not necessary that the user have training in musical or sound handling arts. A programmable memory is used to store digital audio and voice samples. External sound recovers provide external sound signals, such as radio and TV signals that may also be stored. Playback means is provided connected to the stored audio and voice samples and the external sound signals. Automatic musical composition instructions are stored so that the user is able to create unique musical compositions. Components are provided that function to mix externally obtained sound with the unique musical compositions and stored audio and voice samples to provide altered audio and voice presentations.
The present invention includes an improved automatic composition device that adds to instrumental sounds some previously recorded sound samples wherein the sound samples are mixed with a melody in the process of the automatic composition. The sound samples will typically, but not exclusively, be human voice samples.
The invention herein further represents an improvement over prior art devices by integrating in a video recorder or player a module that generates music or other sounds which either can be mixed with the originally recorded sound (sound mixing), or can replace the originally recorded sound (sound dubbing). This sound mixing or dubbing can be performed either at video/audio record time or at play time.
Additionally the invention envisions selection of musical pieces either out of a library stored for instance in the form of digitized musical files, MIDI files or other types of files, or from pieces that are composed in a pseudo-random fashion using, for example, a synthesizer function to play original musical pieces.
The invention further envisions selection of musical pieces according to a specified musical style, in a pseudo-random fashion, or according to predefined criteria, wherein the audio files meet the predefined criteria and are either extracted from a music library or are generated by an automatic composition function. The resulting sounds are used either during the video. recording or during the video playback.
The present invention represents an improvement of the aforementioned devices by simulating the reception of a radio station by the use of one or several of the aforementioned functions. Further, the invention permits selection of musical pieces, by a user, either from a library in which musical pieces are stored as compressed musical files, MIDI files or other similar types of files, from pieces recorded from the output of a radio receiver, or from pieces that are composed in a pseudo-random fashion using a synthesizer function to play original musical pieces.
Thus, the present invention provides for selection according to a pre-selected musical style, in a pseudo-random fashion or according to a pre-defined criteria, of audio files to be played from a speaker, wherein the audio files meet the pre-defined criteria and are either extracted from the library or generated by an automatic composition function. Further, the recording of or the automatic generation of sentences that mimic the speech of a “disc jockey” or of an announcer permits combination of speech passages with the musical pieces being played, thereby giving the user the illusion that he is listening to an actual radio station.
The above objects and other advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings in which:
The present invention will be described in greater detail with reference to certain preferred and alternative embodiments. As described below, refinements and substitutions of the various embodiments are possible based on the principles and teachings herein.
The invention disclosed herein is an interactive digital music player that allows one or more users to listen to, compose, and interact with music in any environment. The device is a hand-held digital music player that offers numerous unique features that, until now, have not existed in a single music product. One of the many features, the Electronic DJ (e-DJ) automatically composes and plays in real-time music in a multitude of genres (such as a dance or techno), which can be mixed with user-supplied voice samples. The e-DJ offers a unique interactive way of playing with music. At any moment, the user can take the control of the music played by the e-DJ via an attractive interface (joystick, graphical display). The user can change the music patterns played by various instruments, change the relative level, apply effects, play pre-recorded samples, etc.
Further, the disclosed device allows the user to listen to, create, download, store, and interact with music, and includes an FM radio receiver. Users can listen to both compressed audio and MIDI karaoke music files, store music on a plug-in SmartMedia memory card (SSFDC storage device), and carry the unit to any location for playing. The device is capable of storing more than 1000 MIDI karaoke-file songs on a 64 MB smart media memory card and it can provide over 120 minutes of digital music play time. In addition, the disclosed device is able to create music files, accept music files created by the user, download music from the Internet via a PC, take a music transferred from a PC, or, accept music added from any other smart media memory card. When connected to a docking station, the device offers additional features like insertion of Karaoke lyrics in a video source for display on a TV screen, MIDI PC connection or remote control.
The device 10 is shown in the block diagram of
An electronic DJ and virtual radio functions are provided by a group of musical algorithms 21 that allow a user to automatically create and play many different types of music such as dance, techno, rap, easy listening, etc. Unlimited hours of random music may be generated by the musical algorithms. The device also operates as a musical composer assistant. An FM receiver 23 is provided in the DMM so that a user is able to tune to a favorite radio station or to a virtual radio station. While music is playing a user is able to take control over automatic composition being undertaken by the musical algorithms 21 and to add the users own touches. The user may interact with the music being played by way of changing the tempo and pitch. Consequently, interaction is available in as much as the user is able to play voice, music or sound samples that can be recorded with a built in microphone or obtained from the FM radio receiver or any other source. The samples are obtained through the use of a high quality audio compression circuit 24 and are stored in the SmartMedia memory section 19. The controls 13 on the face of the DMM (
Audio compression circuit 24 preferably is a circuit based on a speech compression algorithm using, for example, adaptive differential pulse coded modulation (ADPCM) that can be applied to a useful portion of the recording. As is known in the art, techniques such as PCM and ADPCM provide methods of compression of analog data that has been sampled and digitized, typically in which the samples have been digitized, and difference between samples are stored/sent (rather than the samples themselves), or with adaptive techniques a predicted sample/sample difference is computed, and what is stored/transmitted is the difference between the predicted value and the actual value, etc. Such compression techniques are known in the art and used, for example, in various telephony-type systems.
A built in microphone (not shown) in the DMM is used for Karaoke and DJ functions. Further, it is used with a music synthesizer 26 to provide for audio mixing and other audio sound effects. The synthesizer 26 provides a MIDI interface whereby, due to the small size of a MIDI file, a large number of songs may be made to fit in the flash memory 19 containing the SmartMedia cards. The SmartMedia Flash memory provides for storage of compressed digital/audio MIDI/Karaoke files and voice samples. This is currently the most compact Flash Memory form available. The digital nature of the MIDI files allows tempo and pitch of music to be dynamically adapted to the users requirements. Moreover, when a singer's voice is taken from the built in microphone within the DMM and mixed with synthesized or stored sound samples, lyrics may be displayed on a TV/video interface 27 or on the display 14 of
When the DMM is connected to the docking station 11 and playing MIDI or Karaoke songs, a digital light show is available through the TV/video interface 27. The resulting colorful patterns have movements and shapes following the beat of specific instruments or serve as a compliment to lyrics displayed on the screen 14 or just as a visual assist to the electronic DJ music.
A universal serial connection 28 to a personal computer allows transfer of audio files to and from the SmartMedia/flash memory 19. Additionally the serial connection is available to perform a firmware upgrade. The MIDI interface 26 in the DMM 10 converts to a synthesizer when connected to a MIDI sequencer through the USB PC interface 28. Firmware for the DMM is stored in the Flash Memory and can therefore be upgraded readily by a user by downloading through the MIDI PC interface 28. A digital instrument tuner for all modern and classical instruments is shown in
The compact design obtained in the DMM to afford the portable nature of the device is obtained by housing some functions required only when using the product in a nonmobile environment to be placed in the docking station 11 of
The invention disclosed herein is useable by persons having no appreciable musical expertise. It presents a new way of listening to music wherein a user may modify existing music, compose new music, and save and play back music. Music patterns composed by the user or taken from favorite composers may be retained in a music database or library. The composition device of the present invention utilizes a combination of notes rather than sounds. Notes, being represented digitally, require less memory for storage than sounds that are usually represented in analog form and take large amounts of memory, comparatively, when digitized.
Further, digital notes are easily altered while digital sounds are not readily changed. As a result, the instant invention may use a microprocessor operating at about 25 MHz and needs only about two (2) megabytes of storage, although, of course, the particular clock speed and storage size are exemplary embodiments and the invention is not limited thereto. This may be seen to be much less processor speed and memory than used in the least capable desktop computer, for example.
According to the functional diagram of
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the processor is made of a microprocessor or microcontroller having a synchronizing clock and being linked to one or several memories. Clock speed and memory capacity may be relatively low, 25 MHz and 2 MB being ample in the preferred embodiments. A RAM memory (volatile memory) can serve as the working memory of the microprocessor and can be used to store the sound samples in memory 38, whereas a ROM or EPROM memory can store the microprocessor program and the music database in memory 37 used by the automatic composition device. However, a greater flexibility will be granted by non-volatile memories: RAM memory saved by a disposable or rechargeable battery, or Flash EEPROM memory (electrically erasable). The non-volatile memory can be used at the very least to store the sound samples in memory 38, so that they are saved when the invention is powered off. It can also be used to store the music database in memory 37 for use by the automatic composition device, as well as a microprocessor operating program. This permits easy update of the music database and the microprocessor operating program by means of downloading updates.
The summing of output signal M2 of the synthesizer and of sound sample signal S2 is obtained using various methods and circuitry described as follows.
In a first scheme for performing the summing of M2 and S2 (
In a second manner of performing the summing of M2 and S2 (
In a variant of the second manner of performing the summing of M2 and S2 (
In a second variant of the second manner of performing the summing of M2 and S2 (
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, applicable to the case where synthesizer 39 itself comprises a processor, memory 38 for storing sound samples is linked to synthesizer 39 instead of processor 36. Given that synthesizer 39 already possesses a memory that contains instrumental sounds that are used as basic units for music synthesis, a variant of this embodiment consists in storing the two types of sounds, i.e., the basic instrumental sounds and the sound samples, in a sounds memory 48 as shown in
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the invention allows a user to record sound samples with a microphone via commands that permit the user to start and stop a recording. An internal microphone and/or an external microphone input is required. As seen in
Various processes may optionally be used to reduce the memory requirements to store the samples. The following examples are not limiting:
(a) once the recording is over, the silent periods which precede and follow the useful portion of the recording can be eliminated automatically;
(b) a speech compression algorithm such as Adaptive Differential Pulse Coded Modulation (ADPCM) 24 can then be applied to the useful portion of the recording.
In the process of automatic composition of music, the processor can treat the sound sample signals as a special case of a musical instrument. Thus, the association of sound sample signals with the notes sent by the instruments is an integral part of the automatic composition process. The processor then extracts information from the available pool of sound samples in the same way as from the music database.
However, the processing of sound samples has certain features. First of all, the invention is not restricted to using sound samples that have been pre-recorded for a given type of instrument, but also envisions using sound samples that have been recorded freely by the user. In addition to some special effects that will be described later, the processing of sound samples consists of selecting a sample in the pool of available samples according to a pseudo-random sequence, then selecting the moment to start playing the sample, taking into account the melody that the processor is simultaneously composing, in such a way that the sample starts at the beginning of a musical bar, or in specific cases at another moment that is governed by certain musical laws (which may depend on the music style). The sound sample can then be played either in its entirety or in part, and it can be repeated or not repeated.
Furthermore, the sound samples may be modified to include various special effects depending on the style of music created by the automatic composition device. To quote only a few of such special effects: echo addition, vibrato, distortion, frequency modulation, various filtering processes to shape the sound spectrum, etc.
One aspect of the current invention relates to a system such as described above that also may include, or be included in, an automatic soundtrack generator that operates to merge an independent sound track with a video sequence during recording or playback of the sequence (aspects of the other embodiments described herein could be used to record or playback desired audio tracks in conjunction with video that being recorded and/or played back, etc.).
According to the functional diagram of
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the processor 36 is made of a microprocessor or microcontroller linked to one or several memories. A RAM memory (volatile memory) can serve as the working memory of the microprocessor, whereas a ROM or EPROM memory can store the microprocessor program and the music database 37 of the automatic composition device. However, a greater flexibility will be granted by non-volatile memories: RAM memory saved by a disposable or rechargeable battery, or Flash EEPROM memory (electrically erasable). The non-volatile memory can be used to store the music database 37 of the automatic composition device and the digitized musical files of the library in sound samples memory 38, as well as the microprocessor program. This permits easy update for the music database and the microprocessor program.
The synthesizer 39 and the microprocessor 36 of
The processor 36 can also be used to select the sound source or sources described above. Furthermore, the processor can be used to select commands which permit activation functions such as playing a recording, selecting and mixing an audio source, or controlling any other functions that are commonly found in video recorder based equipment. This combines the functions of blocks 57 and 59 of
According to another feature of the present invention, a device is provided that simulates a radio station including a player of musical pieces, either recorded and digitized or synthesized. According to the functional diagram of
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the processor is made of a microprocessor or microcontroller linked to one or several memories. A RAM memory (volatile memory) can serve as the working memory of the microprocessor and can be used to store the sound samples 38, whereas a ROM or EPROM memory can store the microprocessor program and the music database 37 used by the automatic composition algorithm. However, a greater flexibility will be granted by non-volatile memories: RAM memory saved by a disposable or rechargeable battery, or Flash EEPROM memory (electrically erasable). The non-volatile memory can be used at the very least to store the sound samples in memory 38, so that they are saved when the invention is powered off It can also be used to store the music database in memory 37 for use by the automatic composition algorithm, the digitized musical files of the library 43, as well as a microprocessor operating program. This permits easy update of the music database and the microprocessor operating program by means of downloading updates.
Processor 36 can also be used to select the sound source or sources, including radio receiver 64 or one of the sources in memories 37, 38 and 43 described above. It can also be used to select one of a number of preset radio stations, including either actual radio stations or illusory radio stations. Illusory stations in reality play sound samples and musical pieces that have been stored in digital form or that are composed automatically as described herein. Moreover, a sound input device, such as a microphone 66, is useful to input voice signals, encoded in memory, to be used in construction of illusory radio station sound patterns.
The controls 13 to which reference was made in
To enter Electronic-DJ, press the [e-DJ] direct access key. The LCD will display “E-DJ” in the status line and a selection of music styles is proposed: Techno, Dance, Hip-Hop, etc.
To select the desired style, use Joystick Up/Down
To start playing auto-composed music of the selected style, press the play/pause key. the LCD will display the music I-way screen representing six instrument lanes: Drums, Bass, Riff, Lead, Samples and Microphone. The screen is animated with sound waves or pulses synchronized with music beats.
To change music tempo, press Pitch/Tempo key together with joystick left to speed up or right to slow down.
To change music pitch, press Pitch/Tempo key together with joystick left to speed up or right to slow down.
To change music pitch, press Pitch/Tempo key together with joystick up to higher the pitch or down to lower it.
Press play/pause to pause the music.
Press stop to stop the music and go back to style selection screen.
Press forward to start a new song.
Press backward to restart the current song.
Press Save/Edit key to save the current song as a user song on the SmartMedia card.
To select a specific lane, use joystick left/right.
The image on the screen will shift left or right and present the I-way seen from the new lane.
To change the relative volume of the current lane, press Effects key together with the joystick up or down.
To change the reverb on the current lane, press Effects key together with the joystick left or right.
To enter the Underground mode for the current lane and loop the current sequence, press joystick down.
The transition to music tunnel is marked by a screen animation and the under ground mode is entered for the selected instrument or sound source (sample or microphone). The U-ground screen shows the inside of a tunnel with sound waves on both sides and beat pulses coming towards the user. The shape of the far side of the tunnel is modified with the sound effect applied.
The music will loop as long as the user remains in the Underground mode.
In Instrument Tunnels (Drums, Bass, Riff and Lead):
Use Joystick right to select a new music pattern. Use joystick left to come back to previous patterns.
Press Joystick up to go back to music I-way.
To change the cutoff frequency of the filter on the current instrument, press Effects key together with joystick up or down.
To change the resonance of the filter on the current instrument, press Effects key together with joystick left or right.
Press stop to mute the instrument.
Press play/pause to un-mute the instrument.
In the Sample Tunnel:
Use Joystick left/right to select a sample.
Press Joystick up to go back to music I-way.
To change the sample volume, press Effects key together with joystick up or down.
To choose a different sample effect, press Effects key together with joystick left or right.
Press play/pause to play the sample. If sample playback had been previously disabled (see below), the first press on play/pause will re-enable it. Following presses will play the selected sample.
Pressing stop will disable the automatic playback of samples by the e-DJ when returning to I-way mode.
In the Microphone Tunnel:
Use Joystick left/right to select the active microphone: built-in or docking station. If the docking station is not connected, no selection is available.
Press Joystick up to go back to music I-way.
To change pitch on the microphone input, press Pitch/Tempo key together with joystick up or down.
To change the microphone volume, press Effects key together with joystick up or down.
To modify the microphone echo, press Effects key together with joystick left or right.
Press stop to mute microphone.
Press play/pause to un-mute the microphone.
To exit Electronic-DJ mode, choose any other mode by pressing the appropriate direct access key.
Playback of compressed audio and Karaoke is accessible in the “Songs” mode. This mode allows to play digitally recorded WMA (MP3) songs, MIDI songs, Karaoke songs and User songs saved during an e-DJ session.
To enter Songs mode, press the [Songs] direct access key. The LCD will display “e.Songs” in the status line and a list of available songs or song lists on the SmartMedia card to choose from. Song lists are identified by a specific icon.
To select the desired song or list, use Joystick Up/Down.
To start the playback of selected song or song list, press the play/pause key. The LCD will display the play song screen. The name of the song is scrolling in a banner in the center right part of the LCD while the audio output level is materialized by a frame around the name which size is changing following the audio level. The status line shows the elapsed time.
If the song is a Karaoke song, the Lyrics are displayed at the bottom of the LCD. Note: if the song is a user song (composed with the e-DJ), the music I-way mode is entered instead of the play song mode.
To change music tempo, press Pitch/Tempo key together with joystick left to speed up or right to slow down.
To change music pitch, press Pitch/Tempo key together with joystick up to higher the pitch or down to lower it.
Press play/pause to pause the music. Press play/pause again to resume playback.
Press stop to stop the music and go back to song selection screen.
Press forward to go to next song.
Press backward to go to previous song.
Pressing the Save/Edit key in the song select screen or while a song is playing enters the song edit mode. Depending on the type of the song (user song, MIDI or WMA), different parameters can be edited.
Pressing the Save/Edit key in the song select screen while the current item is a song list enters the song list edit screen. See “Editing items” below.
Pressing forward key in the song select screen will create a new song list.
To exit Songs mode, choose any other mode by pressing the appropriate direct access key.
Playback of compressed audio and Karaoke is accessible in the “Songs” mode. This mode allows to play digitally recorded WMA (MPA3) songs, MIDI songs, Karaoke songs and User songs saved during an e-DJ session.
To enter Songs mode, press the [Songs] direct access key. The LCD will display “e.Songs” in the status line and a list of available songs or song lists on the SmartMedia card to choose from. Song lists are identified by a specific icon.
To select the desired song or list, use Joystick Up/Down.
To start the playback of selected song or song list, press the play/pause key. The LCD will display the play song screen. The name of the song is scrolling in a banner in the center right part of the LCD while the audio output level is materialized by a frame around the name which size is changing following the audio level. The status line shows the elapsed time.
If the song is Karaoke song, the Lyrics are displayed at the bottom of the LCD. Note: if the song is a user song (composed with the e-DJ), the music I-way mode is entered instead of the play song mode.
To change music tempo, press Pitch/Tempo key together with joystick left to speed up or right to slow down.
To change music pitch, press Pitch/Tempo key together with joystick up to higher the pitch or down to lower it.
Press play/pause to pause the music. Press play/pause again to resume playback.
Press stop to stop the music and go back to song selection screen.
Press forward to go to next song.
Press backward to go to previous song.
Pressing the Save/Edit key in the song select screen or while a song is playing enters the song edit mode. Depending on the type of the song (user song, MIDI or WMA), different parameters can be edited.
Pressing the Save/Edit key in the song select screen while the current item is a song list enters the song list edit screen. See “Editing items” below.
Pressing forward key in the song select screen will create a new song list.
To exit Songs mode, choose any other mode by pressing the appropriate direct access key.
In the “playing samples” mode, the user can record or play voice, music or sound samples.
To enter Samples mode, press the [Samples] direct access key. The LCD will display “e.Samples” in the status line and a list of available samples or sample lists on the SmartMedia card to choose from. Sample lists are identified by a specific icon;
To select the desired sample or list, use Joystick Up/Down.
To select the desired sound effect, press Effect key together with joystick left/right.
To change the sample volume, press Effect key together with joystick up/down.
To start the playback of the selected sample, press the play/pause key. The LCD will display the play sample screen. The name of the sample is scrolling in a banner in the center right part of the LCD while the audio output level is materialized by a frame around the name which size is changing following the audio level. The status line shows the current effect.
Press stop to stop the sample and go back to sample selection screen.
Pressing the Save/Edit key in the sample select screen or while a sample is playing enters the sample edit mode.
Pressing the Save/Edit key in the sample select screen while the current item is a sample list enters the sample list edit screen. See “Editing items” below.
Pressing forward key in the sample select screen will create a new sample list.
To exit Sample mode, choose any other mode by pressing the appropriate direct access key.
Recording samples is a simple operation possible in almost any operating mode of the dB1.
Press record and keep record button down to record a sample. Release the record button to end the recording. Recording is stopped automatically if the sample duration exceeds 30 seconds.
The record source is chosen automatically depending on the operation mode.
While e-DJ is playing (I-way or U-ground modes), the record is inactive.
If no music is playing, the record source is the active microphone (built-in or docking station).
If music is playing (songs or radio), the record source is a mix of the music and the microphone input if not muted.
To enter Virtual radio mode, press the [v-Radio] direct access key. The LCD will display “v.Radio” in the status line and a list of available station presets to chose from as well as t currently tuned frequency. If no preset has been stored, only the currently tuned frequency is displayed.
To select the desired station, use Joystick Up/Down.
To listen to the selected station, press the play/pause key. The LCD will display the radio screen. The name of the radio station (or frequency if it is not a stored preset) is scrolling in a banner in the center right part of the LCD. An animation representing radio waves is also displayed. The status line shows the tuned frequency.
Use Joystick left/right to go to previous/next station is in the preset list.
Press play/pause to mute the radio.
Press stop to go back to station preset selection screen.
Press forward to tune up.
Press backward to tune down.
Pressing the Save/Edit key in the station preset selection screen enters the preset edit mode.
Pressing the Save/Edit key while a station is playing will store it in the preset list.
To exit v.Radio mode, choose any other mode by pressing the appropriate direct access key.
As long as no music is playing and in the v.Radio mode, the microphone settings are made as follows:
To change the pitch on the microphone input, press Pitch/Tempo key together with joystick up to increase the pitch or down to lower it.
To change the microphone volume, press Effects key together with joystick up/down.
To modify the microphone echo, press Effects key together with joystick left/right.
Reference is also made to co-pending U.S. application Ser. Nos. 09/691,302 and 09/690,911 filed on even date herewith for “Virtual Radio” and “Automatic Soundtrack Generator,” both of which are incorporated by reference herein and both of which may utilized, alternatively, with embodiments of the present invention.
Although the invention has been described in conjunction with specific preferred and other embodiments, it is evident that many substitutions, alternatives and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, the invention is intended to embrace all of the alternatives and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. For example, it should be understood that, in accordance with the various alternative embodiments described herein, various systems, and uses and methods based on such systems, may be obtained. The various refinements and alternative and additional features also described may be combined to provide additional advantageous combinations and the like in accordance with the present invention. Also as will be understood by those skilled in the art based on the foregoing description, various aspects of the preferred embodiments may be used in various subcombinations to achieve at least certain of the benefits and attributes described herein, and such subcombinations also are within the scope of the present invention. All such refinements, enhancements and further uses of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
99 13036 | Oct 1999 | FR | national |
99 14420 | Nov 1999 | FR | national |
This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/691,314, filed Oct. 17, 2000 now abandoned, which is a continuation in part of application Ser. No. 09/690,911, filed Oct. 17, 2000, now abandoned.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
4399731 | Aoki | Aug 1983 | A |
5054360 | Lisle et al. | Oct 1991 | A |
5177618 | Dunlap et al. | Jan 1993 | A |
5300723 | Ito | Apr 1994 | A |
5307456 | MacKay | Apr 1994 | A |
5386081 | Nakada et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
5496962 | Meier et al. | Mar 1996 | A |
5523525 | Murakami et al. | Jun 1996 | A |
5581530 | Iizuka et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
5590282 | Clynes | Dec 1996 | A |
5627335 | Rigopulos et al. | May 1997 | A |
5640590 | Luther | Jun 1997 | A |
5648628 | Ng et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
5655144 | Milne et al. | Aug 1997 | A |
5675557 | Hubinger | Oct 1997 | A |
5689081 | Tsurumi | Nov 1997 | A |
5753843 | Fay | May 1998 | A |
5763804 | Rigopulos et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
5787399 | Lee et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
5792971 | Timis et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
5801694 | Gershen | Sep 1998 | A |
5824933 | Gabriel | Oct 1998 | A |
5839108 | Daberko et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
5864868 | Contois | Jan 1999 | A |
5877445 | Hufford et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5886274 | Jungleib | Mar 1999 | A |
5900566 | Mino et al. | May 1999 | A |
5914941 | Janky | Jun 1999 | A |
5928330 | Goetz et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
5969716 | Davis et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
6011212 | Rigopulos et al. | Jan 2000 | A |
6072480 | Gorbet et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
6074215 | Tsurumi | Jun 2000 | A |
6083009 | Kim et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
6093880 | Arnalds | Jul 2000 | A |
6121533 | Kay | Sep 2000 | A |
6143973 | Kikuchi | Nov 2000 | A |
6182126 | Nathan et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
6281424 | Koike et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
20020023529 | Kurakake et al. | Feb 2002 | A1 |
20020033090 | Iwamoto et al. | Mar 2002 | A1 |
20020046899 | Mizuno et al. | Apr 2002 | A1 |
20030013497 | Yamaki et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030176206 | Taniguchi et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20030205125 | Futamase et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
20050190199 | Brown et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
484047 | Oct 1991 | EP |
0702366 | Sep 1995 | EP |
0747877 | Jun 1996 | EP |
0857343 | Oct 1996 | EP |
2306043 | Apr 1997 | GB |
WO 8805200 | Jul 1988 | WO |
WO 8902641 | Mar 1989 | WO |
WO 9715043 | Apr 1997 | WO |
WO 9735299 | Sep 1997 | WO |
WO 9833169 | Jul 1998 | WO |
WO 0163592 | Aug 2001 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20040074377 A1 | Apr 2004 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 09691314 | Oct 2000 | US |
Child | 10634622 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 09690911 | Oct 2000 | US |
Child | 09691314 | US |