Patent Grant
10557330
This disclosure relates to wellbore cleaning.
Wellbores can be drilled into geologic formations for a variety of reasons, such as hydrocarbon production, fluid injection, water production, or any other reason. Once a wellbore has been formed, it can be prepared for completion. Preparation for completion can include cleaning the walls of the wellbore, casing, liner, or a combination. Cleaning can be necessary due to debris falling downhole or loose material existing within the wellbore. Such issues can make completing a well costlier or more difficult.
This present disclosure describes technologies relating to interchangeable wellbore cleaning modules.
In a general implementation, a system for cleaning a wellbore can include a bottom hole assembly that is designed to be run downhole into a wellbore after the wellbore has been drilled and before the wellbore has been cleaned. A control sub-assembly is mounted on and carried by the bottom hole assembly. The control sub-assembly is designed to be positioned within the wellbore. Multiple cleaning sub-assemblies are interchangeably mounted on and carried by the bottom hole assembly. Each cleaning sub-assembly is designed to be positioned within the wellbore. The multiple cleaning sub-assemblies include at least two of the following sub-assemblies: a scraping sub-assembly that scrapes an interior of the wellbore, a brushing sub-assembly that brushes the interior of the wellbore, or a magnetic sub-assembly that magnetically captures debris within the wellbore.
In an aspect combinable with the general implementation, the wellbore can include an open hole, cased, or lined wellbore.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects, the control sub-assembly can include one or more processors. A computer-readable medium stores instructions executable by the one or more processors to perform operations. For example, cleaning instructions to perform cleaning operations within the wellbore are received from a surface of the wellbore. In another example, at least a portion of the cleaning instructions are transmitted to at least one of the cleaning sub-assemblies.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects, the operations can further include receiving, from at least one of the plurality of cleaning sub-assemblies, status signals representing a cleaning status of the at least one of the plurality of cleaning sub-assemblies; and transmitting, to the surface of the wellbore, the status signals.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects, the status signals can include a state of a cleaning sub-assembly. The state can include either an on state or an off state, and a hydraulic pressure of the cleaning sub-assembly.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects, the system can further include one or more transmitters at the surface of the wellbore. The one or more transmitters can transmit the cleaning instructions to the one or more processors. One or more receivers at the surface of the wellbore can also be included. The one or more receivers can receive the status signals from the one or more processors.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects, the one or more transmitters and the one or more receivers are can communicate wirelessly with the one or more processors.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects, the system can further include one or more repeaters that can be positioned between the surface and the bottom hole assembly within the wellbore. The one or more repeaters can boost a strength of a wireless signal between the one or more transmitters or the one or more receivers and the one or more processors.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects, the control sub-assembly further includes a power source that can be positioned within the wellbore. The power source can be operatively coupled to the one or more processors and can provide operating power to the one or more processors.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects, the power source can be a wireless, stand-alone power source.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects, the system further includes a smart sub-assembly capable of receiving, from at least one of the cleaning sub-assemblies, status signals representing a cleaning status of the at least one of the plurality of cleaning sub-assemblies.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects each of the plurality of cleaning sub-assemblies can include a hydraulic power unit operatively coupled to the one or more processors. The hydraulic power unit can receive at least the portion of the cleaning instructions from the one or more processors. A cleaning tool can be operatively coupled to the hydraulic power unit. The hydraulic power unit can mechanically activate the cleaning tool. The cleaning tool is can implement a cleaning operation within the wellbore responsive to being mechanically activated by the hydraulic power unit.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects, the hydraulic power unit can include a hydraulic pump fluidically connected to the cleaning tool. The hydraulic pump can supply hydraulic fluid at a pressure sufficient to activate the cleaning tool.
In a general implementation, a first method of cleaning a wellbore includes receiving, by a control sub-assembly deployed within a wellbore and from a surface of the wellbore, cleaning instructions to perform cleaning operations within the wellbore. At least a portion of the cleaning instructions are transmitted by the control assembly to at least one of a plurality of cleaning sub-assemblies. The cleaning sub-assemblies include at least two of the following: a scraping sub-assembly that can scrape an interior of the wellbore, a brushing sub-assembly that can brush the interior of the wellbore, or a magnetic sub-assembly that can magnetically capture debris within the wellbore. Each of the cleaning sub-assemblies includes a cleaning tool that can clean within the wellbore. A respective cleaning tool is activated by the at least one of the plurality of cleaning sub-assemblies to clean within the wellbore.
In an aspect combinable with the general implementation of the first method, status signals representing a cleaning status of the at least one of the cleaning sub-assemblies can be transmitted from at least one of the cleaning sub-assemblies to the control assembly. The status signals can be received by the control assembly from the at least one of the cleaning sub-assemblies.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects of the first method, the status signals are transmitted from the at least one of the plurality of cleaning sub-assemblies, by the control assembly, to the surface of the wellbore.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects of the first method, each cleaning sub-assembly can include a respective hydraulic power unit that includes a hydraulic pump. Activating the respective cleaning tool, by the at least one of the cleaning sub-assemblies, to clean within the wellbore, can include pumping, by the hydraulic pump, hydraulic fluid to mechanically activate the respective cleaning tool.
In a general implementation, a second method of cleaning a wellbore includes forming a bottom hole assembly that is designed to be deployed in a wellbore to clean the wellbore, by assembling a control assembly with one or more processors and a computer-readable medium storing instructions executable by the one or more processors to clean the wellbore, and at least one of a scraping sub-assembly that scrapes an interior of the wellbore, a brushing sub-assembly that brushes the interior of the wellbore, or a magnetic sub-assembly that magnetically capture debris within the wellbore. the bottom hole assembly is deployed in the wellbore. the control assembly is controlled from a surface of the wellbore and using wireless signals to activate at least one of the scraping sub-assembly: the brushing sub-assembly, or the magnetic sub-assembly to clean the wellbore.
In an aspect combinable with the general implementation of the second method, at least two of the cleaning sub-assemblies, the scraping sub-assembly, the brushing sub-assembly, and the magnetic sub-assembly, can be assembled to form the bottom hole assembly.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects of the second method, the scraping sub-assembly, the brushing sub-assembly and the magnetic sub-assembly can be assembled to form the bottom hole assembly.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects of the second method, status signals representing a status of cleaning operations can be received by the control assembly and from the at least one of the scraping sub-assembly, the brushing sub-assembly or the magnetic sub-assembly. The status signals can be wirelessly transmitted by the control assembly to the surface of the wellbore.
In another aspect combinable with any of the previous aspects of the second method, the status signals can include a state of the at least one of the scraping sub-assembly, the brushing sub-assembly, or the magnetic sub-assembly. The state can include either an on state or an off state, and a hydraulic pressure of the at least one of the scraping sub-assembly, the brushing sub-assembly, or the magnetic sub-assembly.
The details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the following description. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.
Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements.
Before a wellbore can be completed, the wellbore must be cleaned. Cleaning the wellbore involves removing loose debris from the wall of the wellbore and increasing the uniformity of the wellbore wall. Such cleaning can at least partially prevent sections of the wellbore from collapsing during the completion process and can improve the quality of cementing jobs. If a wellbore is not properly cleaned, then the wellbore could collapse during the completion process and need to be re-drilled. Such a repair takes a significant amount of time and expense to perform.
There are several types of tools that can be used to clean a wellbore. Often times, multiple passes need to be made so that different types of tools can be used to ensure the wellbore is properly prepared for completions. Such tools can include scrapers, brushes, magnets, or any other cleaning tool. Cleaning a wellbore can take multiple trips with a variety of tools and can take considerable time and effort. In some instances, after the well has been completed, the internal walls of a casing or liner 105 can also need cleaning.
This specification describes a system that can be attached to a bottom hole assembly (BHA) and is designed to clean the wellbore without removing the BHA from the wellbore. The system can include a control module and at least one of the following cleaning modules: a scraping module, a brushing module, or a magnetic module. The cleaning module(s) are individually controlled by the control module. The control module is able to communicate with a topside facility via a wireless connection, such as a radio frequency connection or mud pulse communication. Each module can contain its own battery pack and can be actuated multiple times while within the wellbore. In some implementations, the control module may communicate or be powered by a wired connection to a topside facility. Each cleaning module is able to send diagnostics to the control module which can then relay the diagnostics to a topside facility The system can be deployed either while drilling or after drilling operations. If deployed while drilling, a dedicated clean out run is not required.
The cleaning system 100 can also include one or more transmitters 112 at the surface 116 of the wellbore 106. The one or more transmitters 112 can transmit cleaning instructions to the control sub-assembly 101. In addition to the transmitters 112, one or more receivers 113 can also be positioned at the surface 116 of the wellbore 106. The one or more receivers 113 can receive one or more status signals from the control sub-assembly 101. Each of the one or more transmitters 112 and the one or more receivers 113 can communicate wirelessly with the control sub-assembly 101. In some implementations, the wireless communication can include radio frequency communication, such as Wi-Fi. In some implementations, the cleaning system 100 can also include one or more repeaters 114 that can be positioned between the surface 116 and the BHA 102 within the wellbore 106. The repeaters 114 can boost a strength of a wireless signal between the one or more transmitters 112 or the one or more receivers 113 and the control sub-assembly 101. Details of the control sub-assembly 101 are described later within this specification. The cleaning system 100 can be used in vertical, deviated, and horizontal wellbores. In some implementations, the cleaning system 100 can include a smart sub 103 that can receive status signals of the BHA 102 and transmit instructions to the BHA 102. In such an implementation, data received from the BHA 102 can be stored in the smart sub 103 and can be retrieved after the smart sub is returned to the topside facility.
In some implementations, at least one of the cleaning sub-assemblies can include a brushing sub-assembly 204, which includes one or more brushes 210 that are designed to brush the interior of the wellbore. The brushing sub-assembly 204 could be considered the “fine” cleaning sub-assembly. That is, the brush can be used in a later cleaning step than the scraping sub-assembly 202 and can result in less material loss than the scraping sub-assembly 202. The brushes 210 can include bristles, needles, or other flexible, abrasive geometries arranged in any arrangement that allows for sufficient material removal. The brushes 210 work by extending radially from the brushing sub-assembly 204 and at least partially contact the wall of the wellbore 106. The brushes 210 can be retractable within the brushing sub-assembly 204. In some implementations, the brushing sub-assembly 204 can include a respective hydraulic power unit that includes a hydraulic pump used to extend the brushes 210. Such an implementation is described later in this specification.
In some implementations, at least one of the cleaning sub-assemblies can include a magnetic sub-assembly 206, which includes one or more electromagnetic bars 212 that are designed to magnetically capture debris within the wellbore. Debris can include drill bit fragments, nuts, bolts, or other tool components that have become deposited within the wellbore. The electromagnetic bars 212 can be remotely activated and de-activated as needed by applying a current to the electromagnetic bars. The applied current creates a magnetic field that draws any ferrous debris to the outer surface of the magnetic sub-assembly 206. The electromagnetic bars 212 can remain energized while the tool is pulled from the wellbore 106 to the topside facility to retain all of the collected ferrous debris.
The scraping sub-assembly 202, the brushing sub-assembly 204, and the magnetic sub-assembly 206 can be assembled to the BHA 102 with one, two, or all three sub-assemblies. For example, the scraping sub-assembly 202 can be utilized as the first sub-assembly 102a and the brushing sub-assembly 204 can be utilized as the second sub-assembly 102b. In some implementations, the brushing sub-assembly 204 can be utilized as the first sub-assembly 102a and the magnetic sub-assembly 206 can be utilized as the second sub-assembly 102b. In some implementations, all three sub-assemblies can be used. For example, the scraping sub-assembly 202 can be utilized as the first sub-assembly 102a, the brushing sub-assembly 204 can be utilized as the second sub-assembly 102b, and the magnetic sub-assembly 206 can be utilized as a third sub-assembly (not shown). In some implementations, two of the same cleaning sub-assembly can be assembled to the BHA 102. For example, the scraping sub-assembly 204 can be utilize for both the first sub-assembly 102a and the second sub assembly 102b. In some implementations, the brushing sub-assembly can be utilized as both the first sub-assembly 102a and the second sub assembly 102b. In some implementations, the magnetic sub-assembly 206 can be utilized as both the first sub-assembly 102a and the second sub assembly 102b.
The control sub-assembly also includes a power source 308 that can be positioned within the wellbore. The power source 308 can be operatively coupled to the one or more processors 306 and can provide operating power to the one or more processors 306. In some implementations, the power source can be a stand-alone power source positioned within the wellbore 106, such as a lithium ion battery. The wellbore cleaning system 100 can include one or more hydraulic power units, such as a first hydraulic power unit 310, a second hydraulic power unit 312, or a third hydraulic power unit 314, operatively coupled to the one or more processors 306. Any of the hydraulic power units can receive at least a portion of a set of cleaning instructions from the one or more processors 306. The hydraulic power units may receive instructions to change states (“on” command or “off” command) of the hydraulic pump, set a target pressure for the hydraulic pump, or any other command that can be executed by the hydraulic power unit. In some implementations, the different hydraulic power units may be interconnected to allow fluidic communication between each hydraulic power unit. The interconnection can allow a hydraulic power unit to control multiple cleaning sub-assemblies in the event of a hydraulic power unit failure. In some implementations, each of the cleaning modules can include a separate control module to facilitate communications with the control sub-assembly 101. The one or more processors 306 can also be coupled to an electrical power source 316 that can send electrical power to a cleaning module.
Once the hydraulic power unit 401 has received a signal to activate the scraping sub-assembly 202, the hydraulic pump 404 moves hydraulic fluid from a full hydraulic reservoir 402a to an unexpanded expansion member 406a. The unexpanded expansion member 406a begins to expand and become expanded expansion member 406b. Similarly, the full hydraulic reservoir 402a becomes the depleted hydraulic reservoir 402b during the activation of the scraping sub-assembly 202. That is, activating at least one of the cleaning sub-assemblies, such as the scraping sub-assembly 202, includes pumping hydraulic fluid to mechanically activate the respective cleaning tool with the hydraulic pump 404. The expanded expansion member 406b moves a wedged mandrel 408 towards the scrapers 208. The wedge shaped mandrel causes the scrapers 208 to extend radially outward from the scraping sub-assembly 202 and towards the wall of the wellbore 106. The hydraulic pump 404 can include a check-valve that prevents back-flow from the expanded expansion member 406b to the depleted hydraulic reservoir 402b. In some implementations, the hydraulic power unit 401 can include one or more pressure sensors to measure a pressure of the hydraulic fluid. The pressure value detected by the one or more pressure sensors can be sent to the controller sub-assembly 101. The controller sub-assembly 101 can then transmit the pressure value to the surface 116. Once scraping operations are completed, the control sub-assembly 101 can send a signal to the hydraulic pump 404 to pump hydraulic fluid from the expanded expansion member back into the depleted hydraulic fluid reservoir. The scraping sub-assembly 202 can include a retraction device, such as a spring 412, to return the mandrel 408 and scrapers 208 back into the retracted position once the hydraulic fluid has been removed from the expanded expansion member 406b. The expansion member can include a bladder, a piston, or any other expandable actuation device. In some implementations, the hydraulic power unit 401 may be fluidically connected to a separate hydraulic power unit in another cleaning sub-assembly. Such a connection allows for a single hydraulic power unit to control multiple cleaning sub-assemblies in the event of a failure of one of the hydraulic power units, such as hydraulic power unit 401.
Once the hydraulic power unit 501 has received a signal to activate the brushing sub-assembly 204, the hydraulic pump 504 moves hydraulic fluid from a full hydraulic reservoir 502a to an unexpanded expansion member 506a. The unexpanded expansion member 506a begins to expand and become expanded expansion member 506b. Similarly, the full hydraulic reservoir 502a becomes the depleted hydraulic reservoir 502b during the activation of the brushing sub-assembly 204. That is, activating at least one of the cleaning sub-assemblies, such as the brushing sub-assembly 204, includes pumping hydraulic fluid to mechanically activate the respective brushes 210 with the hydraulic pump 504. The expanded expansion member 506b moves a wedged mandrel 508 towards the brushes 210. The wedge shaped mandrel 408 causes the brushes 210 to extend radially outward from the brushing sub-assembly 204 and towards the wall of the wellbore 106. Once scraping operations are completed, the control sub-assembly 101 can send a signal to the hydraulic pump to pump hydraulic fluid from the expanded expansion member back into the depleted hydraulic fluid reservoir. The brushing sub-assembly 204 can include a retraction device, such as a spring 512, to return the mandrel 508 and brushes 210 back into the retracted position once the hydraulic fluid has been removed from the expanded expandable member 506b. In some implementations, the hydraulic power unit 501 may be fluidically connected to a separate hydraulic power unit in another cleaning sub-assembly. Such a connection allows for a single hydraulic power unit to control multiple cleaning sub-assemblies in the event of a failure of one of the hydraulic power units, such as hydraulic power unit 501.
While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any inventions or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular implementations of particular inventions. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the implementations described above should not be understood as requiring such separation in all implementations, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products.
Thus, particular implementations of the subject matter have been described. Other implementations are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In certain implementations, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20180306005 A1 | Oct 2018 | US |
