Patent Grant
9144037
I. Field
The following description relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to mitigating interference for a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) by puncturing a transmission of an interfering cell in a wireless communication system.
II. Background
Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as, for example, voice, data, and so on. Typical wireless communication systems can be multiple-access systems capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, . . . ). Examples of such multiple-access systems can include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, and the like. Additionally, the systems can conform to specifications such as third generation partnership project (3GPP), 3GPP long term evolution (LTE), ultra mobile broadband (UMB), multi-carrier wireless specifications such as evolution data optimized (EV-DO), one or more revisions thereof, etc.
Generally, wireless multiple-access communication systems can simultaneously support communication for multiple user equipments (UEs). Each UE can communicate with one or more base stations via transmissions on forward and reverse links. The forward link (or downlink) refers to the communication link from base stations to UEs, and the reverse link (or uplink) refers to the communication link from UEs to base stations. Further, communications between UEs and base stations can be established via single-input single-output (SISO) systems, multiple-input single-output (MISO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, and so forth. In addition, UEs can communicate with other UEs (and/or base stations with other base stations) in peer-to-peer wireless network configurations.
Heterogeneous wireless communication systems (e.g., heterogeneous networks (HetNets), . . . ) commonly can include various types of base stations, each of which can be associated with differing cell sizes. For instance, macro cell base stations typically leverage antenna(s) installed on masts, rooftops, other existing structures, or the like. Further, macro cell base stations oftentimes have power outputs on the order of tens of watts, and can provide coverage for large areas. The femto cell base station is another class of base station that has recently emerged. Femto cell base stations are commonly designed for residential or small business environments, and can provide wireless coverage to UEs using a wireless technology (e.g., 3GPP Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) or Long Term Evolution (LTE), 1× Evolution-Data Optimized (1×EV-DO), . . . ) to communicate with the UEs and an existing broadband Internet connection (e.g., digital subscriber line (DSL), cable, . . . ) for backhaul. A femto cell base station can also be referred to as a Home Evolved Node B (HeNB), a Home Node B (HNB), a femto cell, or the like. Examples of other types of base stations include pico cell base stations, micro cell base stations, and so forth.
In a heterogeneous network, a cell can potentially cause significant interference to a neighboring cell. For instance, a UE can attempt to access a macro cell base station, but the UE can be located closer to a femto cell base station or a pico cell base station. By way of example, the UE may be unable to access the femto cell base station if the femto cell base station has restricted association. Thus, the femto cell base station can be a strong interferer to the macro cell base station. Pursuant to another example, the pico cell base station can impose significant interference to the macro cell base station when implementing range extension.
Interference from a neighboring cell in a heterogeneous network can detrimentally impact distribution of system information. More particularly, a Master Information Block (MIB) can include a limited number of parameters that can be used by a UE for initial access to a cell. The MIB can be carried on a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The PBCH conveys time-critical information which is essential for decoding control and data channels. Further, in a synchronous system, PBCH signals from neighboring cells can collide with each other since the PBCH signals from the neighboring cells are typically sent at a common time on a common set of resource elements. Conventional techniques for sending and decoding the PBCH signals are oftentimes detrimentally impacted in a strong interference environment.
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more embodiments in order to provide a basic understanding of such embodiments. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated embodiments, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all embodiments nor delineate the scope of any or all embodiments. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more embodiments in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
In accordance with one or more embodiments and corresponding disclosure thereof, various aspects are described in connection with facilitating control of interference in a heterogeneous wireless communication environment. A Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) transmission from an interfering base station can be punctured based upon a puncturing pattern as a function of a cell identifier (ID) and a transmit time. Puncturing can be effectuated by applying power control. Thus, a punctured symbol or subframe can have a reduced transmit power or a transmit power set to zero. Further, the puncturing pattern can be defined on a subframe basis or on a symbol basis.
According to related aspects, a method that facilitates controlling interference in a heterogeneous wireless communication environment is described herein. The method can include determining a transmit power for a transmission symbol from a puncturing pattern as a function of a cell identifier (ID) and a transmit time. Moreover, the method can include sending the transmission symbol at the transmit power.
Another aspect relates to a wireless communications apparatus. The wireless communications apparatus can include a memory that retains instructions related to determining a transmit power for a transmission symbol from a puncturing pattern as a function of a cell identifier (ID) and a transmit time, and broadcasting the transmission symbol at the transmit power. Further, the wireless communications apparatus can include a processor, coupled to the memory, configured to execute the instructions retained in the memory.
Yet another aspect relates to a wireless communications apparatus that enables managing interference in a heterogeneous wireless communication environment. The wireless communications apparatus can include means for determining a transmit power for a transmission symbol from a puncturing pattern as a function of a cell identifier (ID) and a transmit time. Further, the wireless communications apparatus can include means for sending the transmission symbol at the transmit power.
Still another aspect relates to a computer program product that can comprise a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium can include code for determining a transmit power for a transmission symbol from a puncturing pattern as a function of a cell identifier (ID) and a transmit time. Moreover, the computer-readable medium can include code for sending the transmission symbol at the transmit power.
In accordance with another aspect, a wireless communications apparatus can include a processor, wherein the processor can be configured to determine a transmit power for a transmission symbol from a puncturing pattern as a function of a cell identifier (ID) and a transmit time. Further, the processor can be configured to send the transmission symbol at the transmit power.
According to other aspects, a method that facilitates detecting system information in a heterogeneous wireless communication environment is described herein. The method can include identifying at least one punctured transmission symbol sent by a base station from a puncturing pattern as a function of a cell identifier (ID) and a transmit time. Moreover, the method can include decoding system information from the base station by ignoring log likelihood ratios (LLRs) from the at least one punctured transmission symbol.
Another aspect relates to a wireless communications apparatus. The wireless communications apparatus can include a memory that retains instructions related to identifying at least one punctured transmission symbol sent by a base station from a puncturing pattern as a function of a cell identifier (ID) and a transmit time, and decoding system information from the base station by ignoring log likelihood ratios (LLRs) from the at least one punctured transmission symbol. Further, the wireless communications apparatus can include a processor, coupled to the memory, configured to execute the instructions retained in the memory.
Yet another aspect relates to a wireless communications apparatus that enables obtaining system information in a wireless communication environment. The wireless communications apparatus can include means for identifying at least one punctured transmission symbol sent by a base station from a puncturing pattern as a function of a cell identifier (ID) and a transmit time. Further, the wireless communications apparatus can include means for decoding system information from the base station by ignoring log likelihood ratios (LLRs) from the at least one punctured transmission symbol.
Still another aspect relates to a computer program product that can comprise a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium can include code for recognizing at least one punctured transmission symbol sent by a base station from a puncturing pattern as a function of a cell identifier (ID) and a transmit time. Moreover, the computer-readable medium can include code for decoding system information from the base station by ignoring log likelihood ratios (LLRs) from the at least one punctured transmission symbol.
In accordance with another aspect, a wireless communications apparatus can include a processor, wherein the processor can be configured to identify at least one punctured transmission symbol sent by a base station from a puncturing pattern as a function of a cell identifier (ID) and a transmit time. Further, the processor can be configured to decode system information from the base station by ignoring log likelihood ratios (LLRs) from the at least one punctured transmission symbol.
Toward the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more embodiments comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth herein detail certain illustrative aspects of the one or more embodiments. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various embodiments can be employed and the described embodiments are intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.
Various aspects of the claimed subject matter are now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more aspects. It may be evident, however, that such aspects(s) may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to facilitate describing one or more aspects.
As used in this application, the terms “component,” “module,” “system,” and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an integrated circuit, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a computing device and the computing device can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. In addition, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components can communicate by way of local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems by way of the signal).
Various techniques described herein can be used for various wireless communication systems, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier-frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and other such systems. The terms “system” and “network” are often used interchangeably. A CDMA system can implement a radio technology such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), CDMA2000, etc. UTRA includes Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and other variants of CDMA. CDMA2000 covers IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. A TDMA system can implement a radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). An OFDMA system can implement a radio technology such as Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part of Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is an upcoming release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA, which employs OFDMA on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE and GSM are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP). Additionally, CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” (3GPP2). Further, such wireless communication systems can additionally include peer-to-peer (e.g., mobile-to-mobile) ad hoc network systems often using unpaired unlicensed spectrums, 802.xx wireless LAN, BLUETOOTH and any other short- or long-range, wireless communication techniques.
Single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) utilizes single carrier modulation and frequency domain equalization. SC-FDMA has similar performance and essentially the same overall complexity as those of an OFDMA system. A SC-FDMA signal has lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) because of its inherent single carrier structure. SC-FDMA can be used, for instance, in uplink communications where lower PAPR greatly benefits UEs in terms of transmit power efficiency. Accordingly, SC-FDMA can be implemented as an uplink multiple access scheme in 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) or Evolved UTRA.
Furthermore, various aspects are described herein in connection with a user equipment (UE). A UE can refer to a device providing voice and/or data connectivity. A UE can be connected to a computing device such as a laptop computer or desktop computer, or it can be a self-contained device such as a personal digital assistant (PDA). A UE can also be called a system, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, user device, or access terminal. A UE can be a cellular telephone, a cordless telephone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device having wireless connection capability, computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem. Moreover, various aspects are described herein in connection with a base station. A base station can be utilized for communicating with UE(s) and can also be referred to as an access point, Node B, Evolved Node B (eNodeB, eNB) or some other terminology. A base station can refer to a device in an access network that communicates via an over the air interface, through one or more sectors, with UEs. The base station can act as a router between the wireless terminal and the rest of the access network, which can include an Internet Protocol (IP) network, by converting received air interface frames to IP packets. The base station can also coordinate management of attributes for the air interface.
Moreover, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or.” That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from the context, the phrase “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, the phrase “X employs A or B” is satisfied by any of the following instances: X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from the context to be directed to a singular form.
Various functions described herein can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions can be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc (BD), where disks usually reproduce data magnetically and discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
Various aspects will be presented in terms of systems that can include a number of devices, components, modules, and the like. It is to be understood and appreciated that the various systems can include additional devices, components, modules, etc. and/or one or more of the devices, components, modules etc. discussed in connection with the figures need not be included. A combination of these approaches can also be used.
Base station 102 can communicate with one or more user equipments (UEs) such as UE 116 and UE 122; however, it is to be appreciated that base station 102 can communicate with substantially any number of UEs similar to UE 116 and UE 122. UE 116 and UE 122 can be, for example, cellular phones, smart phones, laptops, handheld communication devices, handheld computing devices, satellite radios, global positioning systems, PDAs, and/or any other suitable device for communicating over system 100. As depicted, UE 116 is in communication with antennas 112 and 114, where antennas 112 and 114 transmit information to UE 116 over a forward link 118 and receive information from UE 116 over a reverse link 120. Moreover, UE 122 is in communication with antennas 104 and 106, where antennas 104 and 106 transmit information to UE 122 over a forward link 124 and receive information from UE 122 over a reverse link 126. In a frequency division duplex (FDD) system, forward link 118 can utilize a different frequency band than that used by reverse link 120, and forward link 124 can employ a different frequency band than that employed by reverse link 126, for example. Further, in a time division duplex (TDD) system, forward link 118 and reverse link 120 can utilize a common frequency band and forward link 124 and reverse link 126 can utilize a common frequency band.
Each group of antennas and/or the area in which they are designated to communicate can be referred to as a sector of base station 102. For example, antenna groups can be designed to communicate to UEs in a sector of the areas covered by base station 102. In communication over forward links 118 and 124, the transmitting antennas of base station 102 can utilize beamforming to improve signal-to-noise ratio of forward links 118 and 124 for UE 116 and UE 122. Also, while base station 102 utilizes beamforming to transmit to UE 116 and UE 122 scattered randomly through an associated coverage, UEs in neighboring cells can be subject to less interference as compared to a base station transmitting through a single antenna to all its UEs.
System 100 can be part of a heterogeneous network. Further, it is contemplated that base station 102 can be any type of base station (e.g., macro cell base station, micro cell base station, pico cell base station, femto cell base station, . . . ). Moreover, any type(s) of disparate base station(s) (not shown) can be within proximity of base station 102.
According to an example, base station 102 can be an interfering base station. Following this example, a transmission by base station 102 can interfere with a transmission by a disparate base station located nearby base station 102. For instance, if base station 102 is a femto cell base station or a pico cell base station, then base station 102 can be an interfering base station, which can interfere with a nearby macro cell base station; however, it is to be appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not so limited.
By way of another example, base station 102 can be an interfered base station. Hence, a transmission by a disparate base station (e.g., interfering base station, femto cell base station, pico cell base station, . . . ) (not shown) positioned nearby base station 102 can interfere with a transmission by base station 102. For instance, if base station 102 is a macro cell base station, then base station 102 can be an interfered base station; yet, it is contemplated that the claimed subject matter is not so limited.
Since significant interference can be encountered in a heterogeneous network, system 100 can support making decoding of a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) robust to such interference. In an interference-limited environment, system 100 can enhance PBCH decoding via employing puncturing. In particular, a transmission by a strong neighbor cell (e.g., interfering base station, . . . ) can be punctured when a weak cell (e.g., interfered base station, . . . ) is transmitting a PBCH signal. Such puncturing of the transmission by the strong neighbor cell can be beneficial to PBCH decoding of UE(s) (e.g., UE 116, UE 122, . . . ) in the weak cell. Without limitation or loss of generality, as used herein, the terms “puncture,” “puncturing,” and the like can, for example, mean decrease a transmit power or use zero power to inhibit transmission.
Interfering base station 202 and interfered base station 204 can be located near each other. A transmission by interfering base station 202 can interfere with a transmission by interfered base station 204. For example, a PBCH signal sent by interfering base station 202 can collide with a PBCH signal sent by interfered base station 204. If UE 206 is unable to access interfering base station 202 and the PBCH signal sent by interfering base station 202 is interfering with the PBCH signal sent by interfered base station 204, then UE 206 may be unable to decode the PBCH. Since the PBCH conveys time-critical information (e.g., Master Information Block (MIB), . . . ) used for decoding control and data channels, strong PBCH interference can detrimentally impact initial access to interfered base station 204 by UE 206.
According to an example, interfering base station 202 can be a femto cell base station or a pico cell base station, and interfered base station 204 can be a macro cell base station; however, it is to be appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not so limited. UE 206, for instance, can be nearby interfering base station 202 (e.g., femto cell base station, pico cell base station, . . . ). However, UE 206 can be unable to access interfering base station 202. Accordingly, interfering base station 202 can interfere with interfered base station 204.
By way of example, when UE 206 enters system 200, it can recognize interfering base station 202 as being associated with a strongest cell. UE 206 can be unaware of whether interfering base station 202 is a macro cell base station, pico cell base station, femto cell base station, or the like. UE 206 can attempt to access interfering base station 202 by evaluating a received PBCH signal from interfering base station 202. Yet, upon reading the PBCH signal from interfering base station 202, UE 206 can realize that UE 206 is barred from accessing interfering base station 202. For instance, UE 206 can be unable to access interfering base station 202 due to interfering base station 202 having restricted association as recognized from the PBCH signal; however, the claimed subject matter is not so limited. Accordingly, UE 206 can attempt to find another cell to access. When trying to find another cell (e.g., associated with interfered base station 204, . . . ), the PBCH signal from interfering base station 202 can interfere with a PBCH signal from interfered base station 204, thereby impacting an ability of UE 206 to receive, decode, and analyze the PBCH signal from interfered base station 204. However, in system 200, transmission by interfering base station 202 can be punctured as a function of cell identifier (ID) and transmit time to enable UE 206 to decode the PBCH signal from interfered base station 204. Accordingly, interference coming from interfering base station 202 (e.g., femto cell base station, pico cell base station, . . . ) can be reduced to allow UE 206 to read the PBCH signal sent by interfered base station 204 (e.g., macro cell base station, . . . ).
Interfering base station 202 can include a coding component 208 that encodes system information 210. System information 210 encoded by coding component 208 can be a MIB for interfering base station 202, and can include parameters used for initial access to interfering base station 202. For instance, system information 210 (e.g., the parameters included in the MIB, . . . ) can include downlink system bandwidth, Physical Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) Indicator Channel (PHICH) structure, and the most-significant eight bits of a System Frame Number; however, the claimed subject matter is not so limited. Coding component 208 can be a convolution coder, which can use a code rate of ⅓, after which a high degree of repetition of systematic bits and parity bits can be used. Hence, the MIB can be coded by coding component 208 at a very low code-rate to provide strong error protection. Coded bits yielded by coding component 208 can be mapped to resource elements used for the PBCH.
As described in more detail herein, a transmission time interval (TTI) of the PBCH can be 40 ms. PBCH can use four orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols from a subframe in a radio frame (e.g., four OFDM symbols from subframe 0 of each radio frame, . . . ). Further, PBCH can use a center six resource blocks (RBs) (e.g., middle 1.08 MHz, center 72 subcarriers, . . . ).
Moreover, interfering base station 202 can include a power control component 212 that determines a transmit power for a transmission symbol such as a PBCH symbol from a puncturing pattern 214 as a function of a cell ID associated with interfering base station 202 and a transmit time. The cell ID, for instance, can be a femto cell ID, a macro cell ID, or the like. Accordingly, power control component 212 can alter a transmit power used by interfering base station 202. Applying power control to PBCH can achieve a puncturing effect in system 200. Puncturing pattern 214 can hop over time, for instance. Moreover, puncturing pattern 214 can be defined on a subframe basis or a symbol basis. Interfering base station 202 can also include a broadcast component 216 that sends the PBCH symbol at the transmit power determined by power control component 212.
Interfered base station 204 can include a coding component 218 that encodes system information 220. System information 220 encoded by coding component 218 can be a MIB for interfered base station 204, and can include parameters used for initial access to interfered base station 204. For instance, system information 220 (e.g., the parameters included in the MIB, . . . ) can include downlink system bandwidth, PHICH structure, and the most-significant eight bits of a System Frame Number; however, the claimed subject matter is not so limited. Coding component 218 can be substantially similar to coding component 208 of interfering base station 202, and can be a convolution coder, which can use a code rate of ⅓, after which a high degree of repetition of systematic bits and parity bits can be used. Hence, the MIB can be coded by coding component 218 at a very low code-rate to provide strong error protection. Coded bits yielded by coding component 218 can be mapped to resource elements used for the PBCH. Thus, the coded bits can be mapped to PBCH symbols. Moreover, interfered base station 204 can include a broadcast component 222 that sends the PBCH symbols.
According to an example, interfered base station 204 need not employ a puncturing pattern. Thus, power control component 212 can set a transmit power level for a PBCH symbol sent by broadcast component 216 from interfering base station 202 based upon puncturing pattern 214 (e.g., to puncture a PBCH transmission from interfering base station 202 from time to time, . . . ), while interfered base station 204 need not leverage a puncturing pattern (e.g., interfered base station 204 need not have a PBCH transmission punctured, . . . ). Hence, a PBCH transmission sent by broadcast component 222 from interfered base station 204 need not be punctured from time to time.
UE 206 can include a decoding component 224 and an information detection component 226. Decoding component 224 can decode received PBCH symbols. Further, information detection component 226 can analyze the decoded PBCH symbols to identify information carried thereby. For instance, information detection component 226 can recognize system information (e.g., MIB, . . . ) carried by the PBCH symbols. The system information can be utilized by UE 206 for initial access to a base station (e.g., interfering base station 202, interfered base station 204, . . . ) corresponding to the PBCH symbols.
According to another example, UE 206 can be in a punctured cell (e.g., interfering base station 202 may be accessible by UE 206, . . . ). Utilization of PBCH power control described herein to effectuate puncturing can result in decoding component 224 of UE 206 having a slightly longer decoding time. By way of illustration, UE 206 can be a legacy UE (e.g., release 8 UE, . . . ). Following this illustration, puncturing described herein can be backward compatible and transparent to the legacy UE, which can be unaware of puncturing pattern 214 employed by interfering base station 202. For instance, if a symbol is completely punctured by power control component 212 such that its transmit power is zero, the legacy UE can receive noise, which can result in slightly longer decoding time for PBCH. Pursuant to another illustration, UE 206 can be an enhanced UE (e.g., Release 10 UE, . . . ) that can know puncturing pattern 214 in advance of PBCH transmission by interfering base station 202. Hence, the enhanced UE can ignore log likelihood ratios (LLRs) from punctured preambles or symbols for better performance. For instance, the enhanced UE can know that a first OFDM symbol is punctured with a transmit power set to zero, and thus, decoding component 224 of the enhanced UE can ignore LLRs in the first symbol.
PBCH has a 40 ms TTI. Structure 300 includes four consecutive radio frames, namely, radio frame 302, radio frame 304, radio frame 306, and radio frame 308; the four consecutive radio frames are included in the PBCH TTI. A radio frame (e.g., radio frame 302, radio frame 304, radio frame 306, radio frame 308, . . . ) can have a duration of 10 ms. Moreover, a radio frame (e.g., radio frame 302, radio frame 304, radio frame 306, radio frame 308, . . . ) can include ten subframes, where a subframe can have a duration of 1 ms.
PBCH can be transmitted in four bursts in the 40 ms TTI: burst 310, burst 312, burst 314, and burst 316. A PBCH burst (e.g., burst 310, burst 312, burst 314, burst 316, . . . ) can utilize four OFDM symbols in a second slot of a first subframe of a radio frame. Thus, for instance, burst 310 can use OFDM symbols 0, 1, 2, and 3 of a second slot of subframe 0 from radio frame 302, burst 312 can use OFDM symbols 0, 1, 2, and 3 of a second slot of subframe 0 from radio frame 304, burst 314 can use OFDM symbols 0, 1, 2, and 3 of a second slot of subframe 0 from radio frame 306, and burst 316 can use OFDM symbols 0, 1, 2, and 3. The OFDM symbols used for burst 310, burst 312, burst 314, and burst 316 can be referred to as PBCH symbols. Accordingly, sixteen PBCH symbols can be included in one PBCH TTI.
Moreover, PBCH can be transmitted on a center six RBs. Accordingly, a central 72 subcarriers can be used for the PBCH, regardless of an actual system bandwidth. The center six RBs can correspond to a middle 1.08 MHz of an overall system bandwidth.
Subframe 400 can have a duration of 1 ms, and can include two slots (e.g., each having a duration of 0.5 ms, . . . ). In the depicted example, a slot of subframe 400 can include seven symbols in the case of normal CP length; thus, subframe 400 can include fourteen symbols. By way of another example, it is contemplated that a subframe (not shown) that employs extended CP can include two slots, each of which can include six symbols. It is to be appreciated, however, that the claimed subject matter is not limited to the foregoing examples.
In the frequency domain, resources of subframe 400 can be grouped in units of twelve subcarriers (e.g., 180 kHz, . . . ). A unit of twelve subcarriers for a duration of one slot (e.g., 0.5 ms, . . . ) can be referred to as a resource block (RB) (e.g., an example is RB 402, . . . ). The smallest unit of resource can be referred to as a resource element (RE), which can be one subcarrier for a duration of one symbol (e.g., an example is RE 404 included in RB 402, . . . ). An RB can include 84 REs for normal CP (or 72 REs for extended CP).
In the illustrated example, subframe 400 can be a first subframe (e.g., subframe 0, . . . ) of a radio frame. For instance, subframe 400 can be a first subframe of radio frame 302, radio frame 304, radio frame 306, or radio frame 308 of
Further, as set forth herein, a center six RBs can be used for PBCH transmission. Thus, RB 402 can be one of the center six RBs. The other five RBs from the center six RBs can be substantially similar to RB 402. Accordingly, RB 402 can include twelve of the central 72 subcarriers.
Puncturing pattern 500 can be utilized to apply power control on PBCH symbols of the interfering base station (e.g., femto cell base station, pico cell base station, . . . ), which can be a potentially strong interferer to a UE (e.g., UE 206 of
Further, puncturing pattern 500 can be based upon cell ID. Thus, different cells (e.g., interfering base station 202 of
It is contemplated that transmit powers identified for different PBCH symbols from puncturing pattern 500 can be the same or different. Thus, the transmit power for the first PBCH symbol (P1) can be the same or different as compared to the transmit power for the second PBCH symbol (P2), and so forth. For example, the transmit power for the first PBCH symbol (P1), the transmit power for the third PBCH symbol (P3), and the transmit power for the fourth PBCH symbol (P4) can be set at a first level, while the transmit power for the second PBCH symbol (P2) can be set at a second level that is lower than the first level. Following this example, the second PBCH symbol sent by the interfering base station can be punctured by reducing the transmit power, P2, to the second level. However, it is to be appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited to the foregoing example (e.g., one or more PBCH symbols from the PBCH TTI in addition to or instead of the second PBCH symbol can be punctured by reducing a corresponding transmit power, . . . ).
According to another example, a PBCH symbol can be punctured by inhibiting transmission. Following this example, a transmit power of the PBCH symbol that is punctured can be set to zero. By way of illustration, the seventh PBCH symbol (e.g., the third PBCH symbol in burst 504, . . . ) can be inhibited from being sent by the interfering base station, and thus, the transmit power of the seventh PBCH symbol (P7) can be set at zero. It is contemplated, however, that the claimed subject matter is not limited to the foregoing (e.g., one or more PBCH symbols from the PBCH TTI in addition to or instead of the seventh PBCH symbol can be punctured by having a transmit power set to zero, . . . ).
By way of example, puncturing pattern 500 can hop over time. Following this example, during a first TTI, the transmit power of the first PBCH symbol in the first TTI can be P1, the transmit power of the second PBCH symbol in the first TTI can be P2, the transmit power of the third PBCH symbol in the first TTI can be P3, the transmit power of the fourth PBCH symbol in the first TTI can be P4, the transmit power of the fifth PBCH symbol in the first TTI can be P5, and so forth. Further, during a next TTI, transmit powers for the PBCH symbols can be altered. Hence, the transmit power of the first PBCH symbol in the next TTI can be P17 (e.g., P17 can be the same or different compared to P1, . . . ), the transmit power of the second PBCH symbol in the next TTI can be P18 (e.g., P18 can be the same or different compared to P2, . . . ), the transmit power of the third PBCH symbol in the next TTI can be P19 (e.g., P19 can be the same or different compared to P3, . . . ), the transmit power of the fourth PBCH symbol in the next TTI can be P20 (e.g., P20 can be the same or different compared to P4, . . . ), the transmit power of the fifth PBCH symbol in the next TTI can be P21 (e.g., P21 can be the same or different compared to P4, . . . ), and so forth. It is to be appreciated, however, that the claimed subject matter is not limited to the foregoing example.
Puncturing pattern 600 can be utilized to apply power control on PBCH symbols of the interfering base station (e.g., femto cell base station, pico cell base station, . . . ), which can be a potentially strong interferer to a UE (e.g., UE 206 of
Moreover, puncturing pattern 600 can be based upon cell ID. Accordingly, different cells (e.g., interfering base station 202 of
It is contemplated that transmit powers identified for different bursts from puncturing pattern 600 can be the same or different. Thus, the transmit power for PBCH symbols in burst 602 (P1) can be the same or different compared to the transmit power for PBCH symbols in burst 604 (P2), and so forth. According to an example, the transmit power for PBCH symbols in burst 602 (P1), the transmit power for PBCH symbols in burst 604 (P2), and the transmit power for PBCH symbols in burst 608 (P4) can be set at a first level, while the transmit power for PBCH symbols in burst 606 (P3) can be set at a second level that is lower than the first level. Following this example, PBCH symbols in burst 606 sent by interfering base station can be punctured by reducing the transmit power, P3, to the second level. However, it is to be appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited to the foregoing example (e.g., one or more of burst 602, burst 604, and burst 608 from the PBCH TTI in addition to or instead of burst 606 can be punctured by reducing a corresponding transmit power, . . . ).
In accordance with another example, PBCH symbols in a burst can be punctured by inhibiting transmission. Hence, a transmit power of the PBCH symbols in the burst that are punctured can be set to zero. For instance, the PBCH symbols in burst 602 can be inhibited from being sent by the interfering base station, and thus, the transmit power of the PBCH symbols in burst 602 can be set at zero. It is contemplated, however, that the claimed subject matter is not limited to the foregoing (e.g., one or more of burst 604, burst 606, and burst 608 from the PBCH TTI in addition to or instead of burst 602 can be punctured by having a transmit power set to zero, . . . ).
By way of further example, puncturing pattern 600 can hop over time. Pursuant to this example, during a first TTI, the transmit power of PBCH symbols in burst 602 in the first TTI can be P1, the transmit power of PBCH symbols in burst 604 in the first TTI can be P2, the transmit power of PBCH symbols in burst 606 in the first TTI can be P3, and the transmit power of PBCH symbols in burst 608 in the first TTI can be P4. Further, during a next TTI, transmit powers for the PBCH symbols can be modified. Hence, the transmit power of PBCH symbols in burst 602 in the next TTI can be P5 (e.g., P5 can be the same or different compared to P1, . . . ), the transmit power of PBCH symbols in burst 604 in the next TTI can be P6 (e.g., P6 can be the same or different compared to P2, . . . ), the transmit power of PBCH symbols in burst 606 in the next TTI can be P7 (e.g., P7 can be the same or different compared to P3, . . . ), and the transmit power of PBCH symbols in burst 608 in the next TTI can be P8 (e.g., P8 can be the same or different compared to P4, . . . ). However, it is to be appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited to the above example.
Again, reference is made to
By way of another example, puncturing pattern 214 can cluster punctured PBCH symbols within a 40 ms PBCH frame (e.g., PBCH TTI, . . . ) when interfering base station 202 is a strong interferer. Thus, rather than scattering the punctured PBCH symbols within the PBCH frame, higher PBCH detection probability of decoding component 224 for the weak cell (e.g., from interfered base station 204, . . . ) can result from clustering the punctured PBCH symbols. For instance, if three PBCH symbols are punctured out of the sixteen PBCH symbols in a PBCH frame, then the three punctured PBCH symbols can be clustered together (e.g., three consecutive PBCH symbols, three PBCH symbols out of Y consecutive PBCH symbols in the PBCH frame where Y is an integer less than sixteen, . . . ) rather than scattering the three punctured PBCH symbols across the sixteen PBCH symbols in the PBCH frame.
Pursuant to yet another example, puncturing pattern 214 can distribute punctured PBCH symbols. For instance, the punctured PBCH symbols can be distributed within a 40 ms PBCH frame (e.g., PBCH TTI, . . . ). According to another illustration, the punctured PBCH symbols can be distributed across multiple PBCH frames (e.g., multiple PBCH TTIs, . . . ).
In accordance with a further example, in a weak cell (e.g., associated with interfered base station 204, . . . ), if UE 206 lacks knowledge of puncturing pattern 214, then UE 206 can have a higher PBCH detection probability when more punctured PBCH symbols are in a lower redundancy version (RV) number. Yet, it is to be appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not so limited.
In a semi-synchronous system, a subframe boundary can be common to neighbor cells, but a subframe index can differ across cells. As shown in subframe timing diagram 700 and subframe timing diagram 702, subframe boundaries can align between an interfered base station (e.g., interfered base station 204 of
Accordingly, the interfering base station can puncture a PDSCH transmission on the center six RBs when PBCH of the interfered base station is being transmitted. For instance, the power control component can puncture PDSCH symbols or subframes that collide with PBCH signals from the interfered base station based upon the puncturing pattern. By way of illustration, an entire subframe (e.g., subframe 1 from subframe timing diagram 700, subframe 9 from subframe timing diagram 702, . . . ) or a slot (e.g., second slot of subframe 1 from subframe timing diagram 700, second slot of subframe 9 from subframe timing diagram 702, . . . ) corresponding to the PBCH symbols of the interfered base station can be punctured (e.g., a subframe or slot corresponding to PBCH symbols of a weak cell can be avoided in scheduling PDSCH of a strong cell, . . . ). Similar to the above discussion, the puncturing pattern can be a function of cell ID and can hop over time.
Although embodiments described herein use 3GPP terminology, it is to be understood that the embodiments may be applied to 3GPP (Re199, Re15, Re16, Re17) technology, as well as 3GPP2 (1×RTT, 1×EV-DO Re10, RevA, RevB) technology and other known and related technologies. In such embodiments described herein, the owner of HeNB 810 can subscribe to mobile service, such as, for example, 3G mobile service, offered through the mobile operator core network 850, and UE 820 can be capable to operate both in a macro cellular environment via a macro cell base station 860 and in a residential small scale network environment. Thus, HeNB 810 can be backward compatible with any existing UE 820.
According to an example, the puncturing pattern can be defined on a subframe basis. By way of illustration, the puncturing pattern can set a transmit power for a particular set of transmission symbols (e.g., a particular set of PBCH symbols, . . . ) in a particular subframe from a frame (e.g., PBCH frame, . . . ) at a first level and can set a transmit power for a disparate set of transmission symbols (e.g., a disparate set of PBCH symbols, . . . ) in a disparate subframe from the frame at a second level that is lower than the first level to puncture the disparate set of transmission symbols in the disparate subframe. Pursuant to another illustration, the puncturing pattern can set a transmit power for a particular set of transmission symbols (e.g., a particular set of PBCH symbols, . . . ) in a particular subframe from a frame (e.g., PBCH frame, . . . ) at a given level and can inhibit transmission of a disparate set of transmission symbols (e.g., a disparate set of PBCH symbols, . . . ) in a disparate subframe from the frame by setting a corresponding transmit power to zero to puncture the disparate set of transmission symbols in the disparate subframe.
In accordance with another example, the puncturing pattern can be defined on a symbol basis. According to an illustration, the puncturing pattern can set a transmit power for a particular transmission symbol (e.g., a particular PBCH symbol, . . . ) from a frame (e.g., PBCH frame, . . . ) at a first level and can set a transmit power for a disparate transmission symbol (e.g., a disparate PBCH symbol, . . . ) from the frame at a second level that is lower than the first level to puncture the disparate transmission symbol. By way of another illustration, the puncturing pattern can set a transmit power for a particular transmission symbol (e.g., a particular PBCH symbol, . . . ) from a frame (e.g., PBCH frame, . . . ) at a given level and can inhibit transmission of a disparate transmission symbol (e.g., a disparate PBCH symbol, . . . ) from the frame by setting a corresponding transmit power to zero to puncture the disparate transmission symbol.
According to a further example, a transmit power of a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) transmission on a center six resource blocks (RBs) can be reduced when the PDSCH transmission collides with PBCH signals from a neighbor base station. For instance, the transmit power can be reduced for a subframe or a slot. Reduction of the transmit power of the PDSCH transmission can occur in a semi-synchronous wireless communication environment.
It will be appreciated that, in accordance with one or more aspects described herein, inferences can be made pertaining to puncturing transmission symbols in a wireless communication environment. As used herein, the term to “infer” or “inference” refers generally to the process of reasoning about or inferring states of the system, environment, and/or user from a set of observations as captured via events and/or data. Inference can be employed to identify a specific context or action, or can generate a probability distribution over states, for example. The inference can be probabilistic—that is, the computation of a probability distribution over states of interest based on a consideration of data and events. Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composing higher-level events from a set of events and/or data. Such inference results in the construction of new events or actions from a set of observed events and/or stored event data, whether or not the events are correlated in close temporal proximity, and whether the events and data come from one or several event and data sources.
Processor 1314 can be a processor dedicated to analyzing information received by receiver 1310, dedicated to generating information for transmission by transmitter 1320, or dedicated to controlling one or more components of base station 1302. According to another example, processor 1314 can analyze information received by receiver 1310, generate information for transmission by transmitter 1320, and control one or more components of base station 1302. The one or more components of base station 1302 can include, for example, coding component 208, power control component 212, broadcast component 216, coding component 218, and/or broadcast component 222. Moreover, although not shown, it is contemplated that the one or more components of base station 1302 can be part of processor 1314 or a plurality of processors (not shown).
Processor 1412 can be a processor dedicated to analyzing information received by receiver 1408, dedicated to generating information for transmission by transmitter 1418, or dedicated to controlling one or more components of UE 1402. According to another example, processor 1412 can analyze information received by receiver 1408, generate information for transmission by transmitter 1418, and control one or more components of UE 1402. The one or more components of UE 1402 can include, for example, decoding component 224 and/or information detection component 226. Moreover, although not shown, it is contemplated that the one or more components of UE 1402 can be part of processor 1412 or a plurality of processors (not shown).
At base station 1510, traffic data for a number of data streams is provided from a data source 1512 to a transmit (TX) data processor 1514. According to an example, each data stream can be transmitted over a respective antenna. TX data processor 1514 formats, codes, and interleaves the traffic data stream based on a particular coding scheme selected for that data stream to provide coded data.
The coded data for each data stream can be multiplexed with pilot data using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques. Additionally or alternatively, the pilot symbols can be frequency division multiplexed (FDM), time division multiplexed (TDM), or code division multiplexed (CDM). The pilot data is typically a known data pattern that is processed in a known manner and can be used at UE 1550 to estimate channel response. The multiplexed pilot and coded data for each data stream can be modulated (e.g., symbol mapped) based on a particular modulation scheme (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM), etc.) selected for that data stream to provide modulation symbols. The data rate, coding, and modulation for each data stream can be determined by instructions performed or provided by processor 1530.
The modulation symbols for the data streams can be provided to a TX MIMO processor 1520, which can further process the modulation symbols (e.g., for OFDM). TX MIMO processor 1520 then provides NT modulation symbol streams to NT transmitters (TMTR) 1522a through 1522t. In various embodiments, TX MIMO processor 1520 applies beamforming weights to the symbols of the data streams and to the antenna from which the symbol is being transmitted.
Each transmitter 1522 receives and processes a respective symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals, and further conditions (e.g., amplifies, filters, and upconverts) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for transmission over the MIMO channel. Further, NT modulated signals from transmitters 1522a through 1522t are transmitted from NT antennas 1524a through 1524t, respectively.
At UE 1550, the transmitted modulated signals are received by NR antennas 1552a through 1552r and the received signal from each antenna 1552 is provided to a respective receiver (RCVR) 1554a through 1554r. Each receiver 1554 conditions (e.g., filters, amplifies, and downconverts) a respective signal, digitizes the conditioned signal to provide samples, and further processes the samples to provide a corresponding “received” symbol stream.
An RX data processor 1560 can receive and process the NR received symbol streams from NR receivers 1554 based on a particular receiver processing technique to provide NT “detected” symbol streams. RX data processor 1560 can demodulate, deinterleave, and decode each detected symbol stream to recover the traffic data for the data stream. The processing by RX data processor 1560 is complementary to that performed by TX MIMO processor 1520 and TX data processor 1514 at base station 1510.
A processor 1570 can periodically determine which available technology to utilize as discussed above. Further, processor 1570 can formulate a reverse link message comprising a matrix index portion and a rank value portion.
The reverse link message can comprise various types of information regarding the communication link and/or the received data stream. The reverse link message can be processed by a TX data processor 1538, which also receives traffic data for a number of data streams from a data source 1536, modulated by a modulator 1580, conditioned by transmitters 1554a through 1554r, and transmitted back to base station 1510.
At base station 1510, the modulated signals from UE 1550 are received by antennas 1524, conditioned by receivers 1522, demodulated by a demodulator 1540, and processed by a RX data processor 1542 to extract the reverse link message transmitted by UE 1550. Further, processor 1530 can process the extracted message to determine which precoding matrix to use for determining the beamforming weights.
Processors 1530 and 1570 can direct (e.g., control, coordinate, manage, etc.) operation at base station 1510 and UE 1550, respectively. Respective processors 1530 and 1570 can be associated with memory 1532 and 1572 that store program codes and data. Processors 1530 and 1570 can also perform computations to derive frequency and impulse response estimates for the uplink and downlink, respectively.
It is to be understood that the aspects described herein can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or any combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing units can be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described herein, or a combination thereof.
When the embodiments are implemented in software, firmware, middleware or microcode, program code or code segments, they can be stored in a machine-readable medium, such as a storage component. A code segment can represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment can be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. can be passed, forwarded, or transmitted using any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.
For a software implementation, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. The software codes can be stored in memory units and executed by processors. The memory unit can be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, in which case it can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means as is known in the art.
What has been described above includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the aforementioned aspects, but one of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that many further combinations and permutations of various aspects are possible. Accordingly, the described aspects are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, to the extent that the term “includes” is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as “comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/233,107 entitled “INTERFERENCE MITIGATION BY PUNCTURING TRANSMISSION OF INTERFERING CELLS” which was filed Aug. 11, 2009. The entirety of the aforementioned application is herein incorporated by reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 61233107 | Aug 2009 | US |
