Patent Application
20210206469
The technical field relates generally to interior panels for an aircraft, and more particularly, relates to interior panels having micro-perforated holes, for example, for noise attenuation for an interior of an aircraft, aircraft including such interior panels, and methods for making such interior panels.
Many aircraft have interiors that include one or more areas such as a cabin area, lavatory area, galley area, and/or the like for passengers and/or other occupants. These interior areas are typically designed with passenger comfort in mind and may include and/or be separated by interior panels that form part of a bulkhead, a decorative trim and/or decorative surface, a furniture item such as a chair, a seat assembly, a desk, a cabinet, and/or a drawer, a storage bin and/or compartment, a countertop, a credenza, and/or the like.
Aircraft interiors in general can be relatively noisy, especially during taxi, take-off, flight, and landing. While on board an aircraft, passengers and/or other occupants may want to sleep, read, or relax without the disruption of relatively loud, extraneous noises around them. Many aircraft include active and/or passive systems for reducing unwanted noise. For example, some aircraft include active noise cancellation devices, such as, for example, microphones, speakers, amplifiers, and/or the like that cooperate to generate out-of-phase signals for canceling, reducing, or otherwise attenuating noise. Independently or in addition to these active noise cancellation devices, some aircraft include passive noise cancellation devices such as, for example, sound absorbing insulation that is disposed in the walls of the fuselage and that is covered by one or more interior panels and/or other hard interior surface(s).
Unfortunately, active noise cancellation devices can be relatively expensive and/or add additional weight to the aircraft. Further, passive noise reduction devices disposed in the walls of the fuselage and covered by interior panels and/or other hard interior surface(s) not only add additional weight to the aircraft but are also relatively ineffective at attenuating noise that is produced within the aircraft interior since such noise is primarily reflected by the hard interior walls back into the interior without interacting with the passive noise reduction device inside the walls. Rather, such passive noise reduction devices are more effective at preventing noise produced outside the aircraft from entering into the aircraft interior.
Accordingly, it is desirable to provide an interior panel for an interior of an aircraft that addresses one or more of the foregoing issues, aircraft including such interior panels, and methods for making such interior panels. Furthermore, other desirable features and characteristics of the various embodiments described herein will become apparent from the subsequent detailed description and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and this background.
Various non-limiting embodiments of an interior panel for an interior of an aircraft, an aircraft, and a method for making an interior panel for an interior of an aircraft are provided herein.
In a first non-limiting embodiment, the interior panel includes, but is not limited to, a first relatively hard layer having a first surface that is configured to receive noise from the interior and a second surface that is disposed opposite the first surface. The first relatively hard layer has micro-perforated holes that are formed therethrough and that are spaced apart from each other. The interior panel further includes, but is not limited to, a second layer that is disposed adjacent to the second surface and that has a plurality of openings in fluid communication with the plurality of micro-perforated holes. The interior panel further includes, but is not limited to, a third layer that is disposed adjacent to the second layer. The first relatively hard layer, the second layer, and the third layer are cooperatively configured to attenuate the noise.
In another non-limiting embodiment, the aircraft includes, but is not limited to, an aircraft structure having an interior. The aircraft further includes, but is not limited to, an interior panel that is disposed in the interior. The interior panel includes, but is not limited to, a first relatively hard layer having a first surface that is configured to receive noise from the interior and a second surface that is disposed opposite the first surface. The first relatively hard layer has micro-perforated holes that are formed therethrough and that are spaced apart from each other. The interior panel further includes, but is not limited to, a second layer that is disposed adjacent to the second surface and that has a plurality of openings in fluid communication with the plurality of micro-perforated holes. The interior panel further includes, but is not limited to, a third layer that is disposed adjacent to the second layer. The first relatively hard layer, the second layer, and the third layer are cooperatively configured to attenuate the noise.
In another non-limiting embodiment, the method includes, but is not limited to, obtaining a first relatively hard layer that has a first surface configured to receive noise from the interior and that has a second surface disposed opposite the first surface. The first relatively hard layer has micro-perforated holes that are formed therethrough and that are spaced apart from each other. The method further includes, but is not limited to, obtaining a second layer having a plurality of openings. The method further includes, but is not limited to, disposing the second layer adjacent to the second surface such that the plurality of openings is in fluid communication with the plurality of micro-perforated holes. The method further includes, but is not limited to, obtaining a third layer. The method further includes, but is not limited to, disposing the third layer adjacent to the second layer such that the first relatively hard layer, the second layer, and the third layer are cooperatively configured to attenuate the noise.
The various embodiments will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the following drawing figures, wherein like numerals denote like elements, and wherein:
The following Detailed Description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the various embodiments or the application and uses thereof. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding background or the following detailed description.
Various embodiments contemplated herein relate to interior panels for interiors of aircraft, aircraft including interior panels, and methods for making interior panels for interiors of aircraft. The exemplary embodiments taught herein provide an aircraft having an aircraft structure. The aircraft structure has an interior with an interior panel disposed therein. The interior panel includes a first relatively hard layer having a first surface that is configured to receive noise from the interior and a second surface that is disposed opposite the first surface. The first relatively hard layer has micro-perforated holes that are formed therethrough and that are spaced apart from each other. A second layer is disposed adjacent to the second surface and has a plurality of openings in fluid communication with the plurality of micro-perforated holes. A third layer is disposed adjacent to the second layer. In an exemplary embodiment, the third layer is a continuous, nonporous-solid layer. The first relatively hard layer, the second layer, and the third layer cooperate to attenuate the noise, for example, to reduce undesirable noise in the interior of the aircraft.
Without being limited by theory, in an exemplary embodiment, it is believed that noise is transmitted by wavelike movement of air molecules and that by permitting the oscillation of these air molecules in the micro-perforated holes of the first relatively hard layer, the noise is at least partially converted into thermal energy (e.g., heat), thereby attenuating the noise. Further and without being limited by theory, in an exemplary embodiment, it is believed that the remaining portion(s) of noise that passes through the micro-perforated holes travels through the openings of the second layer to the third layer where the noise is reflected, traveling back again through the openings of the second layer to the first relatively hard layer for further attenuation of the noise in the micro-perforated holes.
In an exemplary embodiment, advantageously by attenuating the noise, which for example is generated within the aircraft interior, with the interior panel, the noise is efficiently and effectively attenuated proximate to its source without additional weight and/or expense often associated with using conventional active and/or passive systems for reducing unwanted noise.
In an exemplary embodiment, the various areas 50, 52, 54, and 56 of the interior 14 of the aircraft 10 are designed with occupant comfort in mind and include and/or are separated by one or more interior panels 16. The various interior panel(s) 16 may form part of a bulkhead 24, a decorative trim and/or decorative surface, a furniture item, and/or at least a portion of any article of the aircraft 10 having a relatively hard outer layer or surface. In the illustrated example, one of more of the interior panels 16, independently, form at least a portion of a table 18, a wall 20, a credenza 22, the bulkhead 24, a chair 26, a countertop 28, a flooring 29, a ceiling (indicted by dashed line 58), a drawer (indicated by dashed line 60), a cabinet 62, and/or the like.
As illustrated, the relatively hard layer 30 has a continuous solid portion 66 disposed about the spaced apart microperforated holes 32. As used herein, the phrase “continuous solid portion 66 of the relatively hard layer 30” refers to the portion(s) of the relatively hard layer 30 that is free of any micro-perforated holes 32. This means, for example, that the continuous solid portion 66 includes the portion(s) of the relatively hard layer 30 that surrounds the micro-perforated holes 32 but does not include the micro-perforated holes 32 themselves.
In an exemplary embodiment, the continuous solid portion 66 of the relatively hard layer 30 is relatively hard. As used herein, the phrase “relatively hard” means a layer, material, or surface having a hardness that is measurable on a Shore D hardness scale and/or on a hardness scale that measures hardness values that are greater than Shore D hardness values. In an exemplary embodiment, the continuous solid portion 66 of the relatively hard layer 30 has a Shore D hardness of from about 10 to about 100. In an exemplary embodiment, the continuous solid portion 66 of the relatively hard layer 30 has a density of from about 51b/ft3 to about 2001b/ft3. The relatively hard layer 30 is or otherwise formed of, for example, wood, a composite material (e.g., fiber reinforced plastic or polymeric material or the like), veneer, a relatively hard plastic, a finished or decorated relatively hard material, and/or the like.
As indicated above, the micro-perforated holes 32 formed through the relatively hard layer 30 are spaced apart from each other. In an exemplary embodiment, the micro-perforated holes 32 are spaced apart (indicated by double-headed arrows 34) substantially equidistant from each other. As used herein, the phrase “spaced apart substantially equidistant from each other” refers to elements that have equal or nearly equal spacing distance between each other within standard manufacturing or production tolerances such as within or having a variability of +/−10%, such as +/−5%, for example+/−3%, from the mean spacing distance. Alternatively, the microperforated holes 32 may be spaced apart from each other at non-equidistant distances. For example, a portion(s) of the microperforated holes 32 may be spaced relatively closely to each other while another portion(s) of the microperforated holes 32 may be spaced further apart from each other to form a pattern or logo in the outer surface 31. In an exemplary embodiment, the micro-perforated holes 32 are spaced apart from each other (e.g., adjacent microperforated holes 32) a distance of less than 0.5 inches such as, for example, a distance of from about 0.05 to about 0.49 inches.
In an exemplary embodiment, the micro-perforated holes 32 have substantially equal diameters 36 (indicated by double-headed arrows 36). As used herein, the phrase “substantially equal diameters” refers to elements that have “equal or nearly equal diameters or dimensions (e.g., if not circular)” within standard manufacturing or production tolerances such as within or having a variability of +/−10%, such as +/−5%, for example+/−3%, from the mean diameter or dimension. Alternatively, the microperforated holes 32 may have different diameters from each other. In an exemplary embodiment, the micro-perforated holes 32 each have a diameter of less than 0.05 inches such as, for example, a diameter of from about 0.0003 inches to about 0.049 inches.
The intermediate layer 38 is disposed adjacent to the relatively hard layer 30. In an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate layer 38 is disposed adjacent to the second surface 33 of the relatively hard layer 30. The intermediate layer 38 has a plurality of openings 42 in fluid communication with the plurality of micro-perforated holes 32. Although the interior panel 16 is illustrated as having corresponding micro-perforated holes 32 in fluid communication with corresponding openings 42, various embodiments of the interior panel 16 may include more than one opening 42 in fluid communication with an individual micro-perforated hole 32, or alternatively, more than one micro-perforated hole 32 in fluid communication with an individual opening 42.
The intermediate layer 38 extends from a first or top surface 35 to a second or bottom surface 37. In an exemplary embodiment, the openings 42 extend from the top surface 35 to or otherwise towards the bottom surface 37. In an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate layer 38 is or includes a honeycomb structure 71 in which each of the openings 42 in the honeycomb structure 71 have a diameter or maximum cross-sectional dimension (indicated by double-headed arrow 72) of from about 0.125 to about 1.5 inches. In an exemplary embodiment, the honeycomb structure 71 is formed of a structural material such as a metal material, e.g., metal honeycomb structure, a composite material such as a Nomex® honeycomb product, or the like. In an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate layer 38 has a thickness (indicated by double-headed arrow 39) of more than 0.125 inches such as, for example, a thickness of from about 0.126 inches to about 1.5 inches.
The solid layer 40 is disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer 38 opposite the relatively hard layer 30. In an exemplary embodiment, the solid layer 40 is a nonporous solid structural material, such as a fiber reinforced composite material, a metal material, or the like, and is effective at reflecting or substantially reflecting noise. In an exemplary embodiment, the interior panel 16 has a total thickness (indicated by double headed arrow 78) of from about 0.1 to about 3 inches, such as from about 0.25 to about 1.0 inches.
The relatively hard layer 30, the intermediate layer 38, and the solid layer 40 cooperate to attenuate noise. Without being bound by theory and as discussed above, in an exemplary embodiment, it is believed that noise is transmitted by wavelike movement of air molecules and that by permitting the oscillation of these air molecules in the micro-perforated holes 32, noise that travels into and/or through the micro-perforated holes 32 is at least partially converted into thermal energy, thereby attenuating the noise. Further and without being limited by theory, in an exemplary embodiment, it is believed that a remaining portion of the noise that passes through the micro-perforated holes 32 travels through the openings 42 of the intermediate layer 38 to the hard layer 40 where the noise is reflected, traveling back again through the openings 42 of the intermediate layer 38 to the relatively hard layer 30 for further attenuation of the noise in the micro-perforated holes 32.
In an exemplary embodiment, the relatively hard layer 30 is hidden from the interior 14. A table covered underside surface, a credenza covered underside surface, a ceiling covered upper surface facing opposite the interior 14, a flooring covered bottom surface, a counter covered underside surface, and/or the like are examples where the relatively hard layer 30 is hidden from the interior 14. In an exemplary embodiment, arranging the the relatively hard layer 30 such that it is hidden from the interior 14 helps to attenuate the noise in the interior 14 by positioning the micro-perforated holes 32 to readily receive the noise from the interior 14 while not impacting the aesthetics of conventional solid surface finishing.
Referring to
Referring to
A second layer having a plurality of openings is obtained (STEP 104). For example, the second layer may be obtained by forming the second layer, procuring the second layer, and/or locating the second layer. The second layer is disposed (STEP 106) adjacent to the second surface such that the plurality of openings is in fluid communication with the plurality of micro-perforated holes.
A third layer is obtained (STEP 108). For example, the third layer may be obtained by forming the third layer, procuring the third layer, and/or locating the third layer. The third layer is disposed (STEP 110) adjacent to the second layer such that the first relatively hard layer, the second layer, and the third layer are cooperatively configured to attenuate the noise.
While at least one exemplary embodiment has been presented in the foregoing detailed description of the disclosure, it should be appreciated that a vast number of variations exist. It should also be appreciated that the exemplary embodiment or exemplary embodiments are only examples, and are not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure in any way. Rather, the foregoing detailed description will provide those skilled in the art with a convenient road map for implementing an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. It being understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements described in an exemplary embodiment without departing from the scope of the disclosure as set forth in the appended claims.
