The disclosed embodiments relate generally to wireless network communications, and, more particularly, to interleaver design for dual subcarrier modulation (DCM) in wireless communications systems.
IEEE 802.11 is a set of media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specification for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) communication in the Wi-Fi (2.4, 3.6, 5, and 60 GHz) frequency bands. The 802.11 family consists of a series of half-duplex over-the-air modulation techniques that use the same basic protocol. The standards and amendments provide the basis for wireless network products using the Wi-Fi frequency bands. For example, IEEE 802.11ac is a wireless networking standard in the IEEE 802.11 family providing high-throughput WLANs on the 5 GHz band. Significant wider channel bandwidths (20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and 160 MHz) were proposed in the IEEE 802.11ac standard. The High Efficiency WLAN study group (HEW SG) is a study group within IEEE 802.11 working group that will consider the improvement of spectrum efficiency to enhance the system throughput in high-density scenarios of wireless devices. Because of HEW SG, TGax (an IEEE task group) was formed and tasked to work on IEEE 802.11ax standard that will become a successor to IEEE 802.11ac. Recently, WLAN has seen exponential growth across organizations in many industries.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is introduced in HE WLAN to enhance the user experiences by assigning subsets of subcarriers to different users, allowing simultaneous data transmission by several users. In OFDMA, each user is assigned with a group of subcarriers called a resource unit (RU). In HE WLAN, a wireless station (STA) can transmit one minimum size RU (which is about 2 MHz bandwidth) in uplink and downlink OFDMA. Compared to its 20 MHz preamble, the power density of its data portion is 9 dB higher than its preamble. This narrow band uplink OFDMA signal is hard to be detected by CCA because CCA is operated on bandwidth that is greater or equal to 20 MHz. Therefore, one STA can experience 9 dB higher interferences on subcarriers in a particular narrow band than other subcarriers. It can be seen that narrow band interferences are intrinsic in HE WLAN. A scheme to deal with such narrow band interferences is needed.
In Multi-User (MU) transmissions, performance of HE-SIG-B is encoded using 1× symbol duration. As a result, its performance is worse than data symbol with 4× symbol duration when used the same modulation and coding scheme (MCS). A more robust modulation scheme is needed for HE-SIGB. In addition, to extend the range for outdoor scenarios, a new modulation scheme that can operate at lower SNR than MCS0 is also desired. Dual Sub-Carrier Modulation (DCM) modulates the same information on a pair of subcarriers. DCM can introduce frequency diversity into OFDM systems by transmitting the same information on two subcarriers separated in frequency. DCM can be implemented with low complexity and provide better performance than existing modulation schemes used in WLAN. DCM enhances the reliability transmissions, especially under narrow band interferences.
The data field of an HE PPDU can be encoded using either the binary convolutional code (BCC) or the low-density parity check (LDPC) code. The encoder is selected by the Coding field in HE-SIG-A of the HE PPDU. When BCC is applied, the BCC interleaver and de-interleaver for IEEE 802.11ax can reuse the same formulas as IEEE 802.11ac with new values of some of the parameters. For different RU sizes in IEEE 802.11ax, new values are defined for non-DCM modulations. For DCM modulations on the RUs, interleaver parameters may also need to be redefined. In the next generation WLAN system that is based on upcoming IEEE 802.11ax standards, each STA can transmit signals using one or more RU. When DCM is applied for a given RU, a transmission procedure with a new interleaver design for DCM is desired to facilitate the enhanced transmission reliability under DCM.
A method of interleaver design for dual carrier modulation (DCM) is proposed in a wireless network. For HE PPDU transmission with DCM, information bits are first encoded by a BCC encoder. The BCC encoded bit streams are then interleaved by a BCC interleaver. More specifically, the BCC interleaved bits are repeated on two halves of a given resource unit (RU). The BCC interleaver parameters are defined based on half of the total number of the data tones of the RU if DCM is applied. The BCC interleaved bits are then modulated and mapped to two halves of the RU by a DCM constellation mapper. The modulated symbols are mapped to lower half of the data subcarriers of the RU and duplicated and mapped to the upper half of the data subcarriers of the same RU.
In one embodiment, a source station encodes a data packet to be transmitted to a destination station over a resource unit (RU) in a wireless local area network. The RU has a total number of data tones. The source station interleaves a set of the encoded bits to a set of interleaved bits. The set of encode bits corresponds to half of the total number of data tones of the RU if dual carrier modulation (DCM) is applied. Interleaving parameters are determined based on half of the total number of data tones of the RU. The source station modulates the set of interleaved bits onto a first half of frequency subcarriers of the RU using a first modulation scheme and modulates the set of interleaved bits onto a second half of frequency subcarriers of the RU using a second modulation scheme. The source station transmits the data packet to the destination station.
Other embodiments and advantages are described in the detailed description below. This summary does not purport to define the invention. The invention is defined by the claims.
Reference will now be made in detail to some embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is introduced in HE WLAN to enhance the user experiences by assigning subsets of subcarriers to different users, allowing simultaneous data transmission by several users. In OFDMA, each user is assigned with a group of subcarriers called a resource unit (RU). In HE WLAN, an STA can transmit one minimum size RU (which is about 2 MHz bandwidth) in uplink OFDMA. Compared to its 20 MHz preamble, the power density of its data portion is 9 dB higher than its preamble. This narrow band uplink OFDMA signal is hard to be detected by CCA. Therefore, one STA can experience 9 dB higher interferences on subcarriers in a particular narrow band than other subcarriers. It can be seen that narrow band interferences are intrinsic in HE WLAN. A scheme to deal with the narrow band interferences is thus needed. In addition, under dense deployment, robustness with narrow-band interference is important to HW WLAN. Enhance the PER performance of HE-data portion can extend the range for outdoor scenarios. A new modulation scheme for HE-data that can operate at lower SNR than MCS0 is also desired.
HE-SIG-B is mainly for intended users. In Multi-User (MU) transmissions, performance of HE-SIG-B is encoded using 1× symbol duration. As a result, its performance is worse than data symbol with 4× symbol duration when used the same modulation and coding scheme (MCS). It is shown that extending CP from 0.8 us to 1.6 us or even 3.2 us is not effective in ensuring that SIG-B is reliable relative to data. A more robust modulation scheme is thus needed for HE-SIG-B. HE-SIG-B may contain many bits for OFDMA/MU-MIMO transmissions. Given HE-SIG-B contains the information mainly for intended users, it is OK that not all other STAs receiving HE-SIG-B. The higher the MCS, the higher the efficiency. Therefore, variable MCS should be allowed for HE-SIG-B to enhance the efficiency.
Accordingly, dual sub-carrier modulation (DCM) is introduced in HE WLAN. DCM is a perfect solution to deal with narrow band interferences. DCM can introduce frequency diversity into OFDM systems by transmitting the same information on two subcarriers separated in frequency. For single user transmission, the DCM scheme modulates the same information on a pair of subcarrier n and m, i.e., 0<n<NSD/2 and m=NSD/2+n, where NSD is total number of subcarriers in one resource unit. For OFDMA transmissions, one frequency resource block is assigned to a given user. The DCM scheme for the one frequency block is the same as OFDM case for single user.
A DCM indication scheme can be applied such that encoding and decoding of DCM is really simple. As depicted in
Similarly, for wireless device 211 (e.g., a receiving device), antennae 217 and 218 transmit and receive RF signals. RF transceiver module 216, coupled with the antennae, receives RF signals from the antennae, converts them to baseband signals and sends them to processor 213. The RF transceiver 216 also converts received baseband signals from the processor, converts them to RF signals, and sends out to antennae 217 and 218. Processor 213 processes the received baseband signals and invokes different functional modules and circuits to perform features in wireless device 211. Memory 212 stores program instructions and data 220 to control the operations of the wireless device 211.
The wireless devices 201 and 211 also include several functional modules and circuits that can be implemented and configured to perform embodiments of the present invention. In the example of
In one example, at the transmitter side, device 201 generates an HE PPDU frame, and inserts both MCS and DCM indication bit in a signal field of the HE PPDU frame. Device 201 then applies corresponding MCS and DCM and transmits the HE PPDU to the receiver. At the receiver side, device 211 receives the HE PPDU, and decodes the MCS and DCM indication bit. If the DCM indication bit is zero, then the receiver calculates the logarithm likelihood ratio (LLR) of a received bit for each subcarrier based on the indicated MCS. On the other hand, if the DCM indication bit is equal to one, then the receiver calculates the LLR by performing LLR combining of the upper subcarrier and the lower subcarrier of the resource unit. Various embodiments of such transmitting device and receiving device are now described below with accompany drawings.
Assume the modulated signal for subcarrier n and subcarrier m are denoted as sn and sm respectively. For BPSK DCM, sn and sm can be obtained by mapping a 1-bit interleaved bit b0 on two identical or different BPSK constellation (e.g., BPSK and SBPSK). For QPSK DCM, sn and sm can be obtained by mapping a 2-bit stream b0 b1 on two identical or different QPSK constellation. For example, sn can be mapped using QPSK and sm can be mapped using staggered quadrature phase-shift keying (SQPSK) or other rotated QPSK schemes, respectively. For 16QAM DCM, sn and sm are obtained by mapping a 4-bit stream b0b1b2b3 on two different 16QAM constellation respectively.
In the example of
In the next generation WLAN system that is based on upcoming IEEE 801.11ax standards, each station (STA) can transmit signals using one or more resource units (RU). The RU size can be 26, 52, 106, 242, 484, or 996 tones with tone spacing of about 78.1 kHz. Correspondingly, the number of data tones NSD for each RU is 24, 48, 102, 234, 468, and 980, respectively. When DCM is applied for a given RU, the number of complex numbers generated using DCM of a given stream is the half of the number of data tones of the RU, i.e., NSD/2. For example, if the RU size is 102, then the number of complex number generated using DCM is NSD/2=51. The generated complex numbers will be mapped to data tones of the first half and the data tones of the second half of the frequency segments of the RU. The first half frequency segment of a RU contains tones 1 to NSD/2, and the second half frequency segment of a RU contains tones NSD/2 to tones NSD, where NSD is the RU size.
The two frequency subcarriers used for DCM can be pre-determined. For example, for single user transmission, DCM modulation can be applied to subcarrier k and k+N/2, where N is the total number of subcarriers in one OFDM symbol or RU. For OFDMA transmission, DCM modulation can be applied to two equal frequency resource blocks assigned to a given user. The transmission method of using DCM can be implemented even with interferences presented in one frequency band or frequency resource block. For example, for non-WiFi signals or OBSS signals, different clear channel assessment (CCA) threshold can be applied for two frequency bands.
rn=hnsn+vn
Upper subcarrier
rm=hmsm+vm
Lower subcarrier
Where
hn and hm are channel response matrixes for subcarriers n and m
vn and vm are modeled as AWGN noise
The DCM de-mapper/demodulator 1002 of the receiver can calculate the logarithm likelihood ratio (LLR) of a received bit by combining the received signals from the upper subcarrier and the lower subcarrier if the SNR is considered “good” for the upper and lower subcarriers. Alternatively, the receiver can choose to calculate the LLR of a received bit just from the upper subcarrier or from the lower subcarrier if the SNR is considered “bad” for the lower or the upper subcarriers, respectively. The demodulated signal is then fed to BCC de-interleaver 1003 and then decoded by BCC decoder 1004 for outputting the decoded signal.
There are many advantages of using DCM. No latency is added for modulation within one OFDM symbol. No extra complexity is introduced at modulator and demodulator. For modulation, no extra complexity, just modulate the subcarriers in the upper band and the subcarriers in lower band the similar way. For demodulation, LLR calculation is really simple. For QPSK, just add two LLRs. For 16QAM, just need a few simple additional subtractions. Simulation results show that PER performance improve more than 2 dB gain for MCS0 and MCS2 in 4× symbol. Such performance gain is significant. For wider bandwidth (>20 MHz), larger performance gain can be expected due to larger frequency diversity gain. Error floor is also reduced for outdoor channels. Overall, the DCM scheme results in more robustness to sub-band interferences and provides a very good data rate vs. PER tradeoff between QPSK ½ rate code and 16QAM ½ rate code.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with certain specific embodiments for instructional purposes, the present invention is not limited thereto. Accordingly, various modifications, adaptations, and combinations of various features of the described embodiments can be practiced without departing from the scope of the invention as set forth in the claims.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 from U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/268,620, entitled “Interleaver Design for DCM Modulations in 802.11ax,” filed on Dec. 17, 2015, the subject matter of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
7126533 | Fiore et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
8213527 | Wang et al. | Jul 2012 | B2 |
8619641 | Guo | Dec 2013 | B2 |
8929192 | Kainulainen et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
9615214 | Syrjarinne et al. | Apr 2017 | B2 |
9647868 | Jiao et al. | May 2017 | B2 |
20010006540 | Kim et al. | Jul 2001 | A1 |
20060158374 | Rahamin et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20080191941 | Saban et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
20080232485 | Niu et al. | Sep 2008 | A1 |
20090122890 | Wu | May 2009 | A1 |
20100246720 | Wang et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20110033004 | Wang | Feb 2011 | A1 |
20110193739 | Strauch | Aug 2011 | A1 |
20110243197 | Atarashi et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110261858 | Baldemair et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110274003 | Pare, Jr. et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20120258669 | Honkanen et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
20120263211 | Porat et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
20130070701 | Merlin et al. | Mar 2013 | A1 |
20130089121 | Koo | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20130265907 | Kim et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130321209 | Kalliola et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
20130343211 | Liu et al. | Dec 2013 | A1 |
20140070996 | Kneckt et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
20140219449 | Shattil et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
20140254648 | Van Nee | Sep 2014 | A1 |
20140328335 | Zhang | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20150023449 | Porat et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
20150124739 | Baik et al. | May 2015 | A1 |
20150139091 | Azizi et al. | May 2015 | A1 |
20150139115 | Seok | May 2015 | A1 |
20150230231 | Fornoles, Jr. | Aug 2015 | A1 |
20150296516 | Jung | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20160021568 | Yu et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
20160033614 | Wang et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
20160047885 | Wang et al. | Feb 2016 | A1 |
20160065467 | Wu | Mar 2016 | A1 |
20160248542 | Liu et al. | Aug 2016 | A1 |
20160249165 | Aldana | Aug 2016 | A1 |
20160323060 | Hassanin | Nov 2016 | A1 |
20160330055 | Tong | Nov 2016 | A1 |
20160352552 | Liu | Dec 2016 | A1 |
20160366548 | Wang et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
20160370450 | Thorn et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
20170064718 | Bharadwaj et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
20170070893 | Wang et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
20170070998 | Wu et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
20170093546 | Wu et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
20170099089 | Liu et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
20170104553 | Liu et al. | Apr 2017 | A1 |
20170134207 | Liu et al. | May 2017 | A1 |
20170171363 | Sun et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
20170171796 | Wu et al. | Jun 2017 | A1 |
20170214507 | Kang et al. | Jul 2017 | A1 |
20170215087 | Amizur et al. | Jul 2017 | A1 |
20170230220 | Anwyl et al. | Aug 2017 | A1 |
20170230981 | Ryu | Aug 2017 | A1 |
20180013527 | Sun | Jan 2018 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
102149192 | Aug 2011 | CN |
3098999 | Nov 2016 | EP |
2004049498 | Jun 2004 | WO |
2010022785 | Mar 2010 | WO |
2015069811 | May 2015 | WO |
2015077042 | May 2015 | WO |
2016178534 | Nov 2016 | WO |
2017003229 | Jan 2017 | WO |
2017027479 | Feb 2017 | WO |
2017035235 | Mar 2017 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Darryn Lowe et al, “Analysis and Evaluation of MB-OFDM Dual Carrier Modulation”, Telecommunicatins Information Technology Research Institute, University of Wollongong. |
EPO, Search Report for the EP Patent Application 15833049.8 dated Feb. 16, 2018 (9 Pages). |
International Search Report and Written Opinion of International Search Authority for PCT/CN2015/087365 dated Nov. 24, 2015 (10 Pages). |
EPO, Search Report for the EP Patent Application 16191047.6 dated Feb. 14, 2017 (7 Pages). |
Young Hoon Kwon, Newracom, SIG Field Design Principle for 11AZ, Doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0344R2, Mar. 2015 *Slides 5-14*. |
EPO, Search Report for the EP Patent Application 16193438.5 dated Mar. 17, 2017 (9 Pages). |
EPO, Search Report for the EP Patent Application 16187569.5 Dated Jan. 23, 2017 (12 Pages). |
Robert Stacey, Intel, Specification Framework for TGAX, IEEE P802.11 Wireless LANS, Jul. 2015 *p. 3, Line 25-39*, * p. 4, Line 1-5*, *Sections 3.2.2, 3.2.3, 3.3.2, 4.1*. |
Katsuo Yunoki, KDDI R&D Laboratories, Considerations on HE-SIG-A/B, Doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/827R2, Jul. 2015 *Slides 2-11*. |
Joonsuk Kim, Apple, HE-SIG-B Structure, Doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0821R2, Jul. 2015 *Slides 8-15*. |
Joonsuk Kim, et al., HE-SIG-B Structure, Doc. IEEE 802.11-15/0821R2, Sep. 2015 *Slides 11-15*. |
EPO, Search Report for the EP Patent Application 16197315.1 dated Mar. 31, 2017 (8 Pages). |
Kaushik Josiam et al., HE-SIG-B Contents, Doc.: IEEE802.11-15/1066R0, Sep. 2015, *Slide 8* *Slides 10, 11* *Slide 17*. |
M. Rahaim et al., Wife PHY Standards Review—From Early 802.11 to ‘AC’ and ‘AD’, MCL Technical Report No. Apr. 29, 2014. |
Robert Stacey, Intel, Specification Framework for TGAX, IEEE P802.11 Wireless LANS, Doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0132R8, Sep. 2015. *Paragraph [3.2.4]* |
Tim Schmidt, “Clause 6 OFSM PHY Draft”, Jan. 2010 IEEE P802. 15-10-0013-00-004G, IEEE P802.15 Wireless Personal Area Networks, Progect IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANS). |
EPO, Search Report for the EP Patent Application 16187569.5 dated Nov. 9, 2017(6 Pages). |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20170180177 A1 | Jun 2017 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
62268620 | Dec 2015 | US |