The present application generally relates to an electrical panel having a plurality of circuit breaker switchers and more particularly to an interlock article which ensures that only one circuit breaker switch in a panel having multiple circuit breaker switches is active at one time.
Reliable, consistent and predictable power is necessary in many commercial and non-commercial applications and as such, back-up power generation systems are gaining in popularity. In some situations, a main power source (such as public utility power) is connected to the electrical system of a building or facility via an electrical panel (or circuit box) that contains a plurality of switches or circuit breakers, where at least one of the plurality of switches is placed in-line with the main power source to allow for the main power to be connected to and disconnected from the building as desired. In some cases, it may be desirable to have a back-up generator (or other secondary power source) for back-up power. As such, a back-up generator may be connected to the electrical system of the building or facility via the same electrical panel (or circuit box), where another of the plurality of switches or circuit breakers is placed in-line with the back-up generator to allow for the generator to be connected to and disconnected from the building as desired. Thus, the main power source and the back-up generator source are connected to the building or facility in a parallel fashion.
This parallel connection allows for one of the parallel circuits to be disconnected while the other of the parallel circuits is connected. This parallel configuration is important because for safety and compliance reasons it is required by local building codes and national electric codes that only one source of power is connected at any one time. If both the main power source and the back-up generator power source are connected at the same time, then back feeding may occur resulting in damage to the components connected to the system, fire and/or electrocution of a worker working on the power line. As such, devices meant to prevent or limit the occurrence of multiple power sources being connected to one system at the same time have been developed and implemented in commercial and non-commercial applications.
One such device currently in use is an automatic transfer switch which is placed in-line with both the main power source and a back-up power source. The transfer switch is configured to sense when the active power source (either the main power source or back-up power source) loses power. After a predetermined amount of time following the loss of power, the transfer switch then disconnects the source that lost power and connects the source with power. For example, if a main power source loses power for a period of time, then the transfer switch will disconnect the main power source and connect the back-up power source.
Unfortunately however, some systems do not have an automatic transfer switch due to the cost of installing a permanent back-up generator and automatic transfer switch and thus, rely on portable back-up generators which typically require human intervention to switch between the public utility power source and the back-up power source. This introduction of human intervention introduces the possibility of one power source being inadvertently connected while the other power source is active and connected. This is undesirable and may result in back feeding, damage and/or death from electrocution.
The present disclosure provides an interlock article for use with an electronic circuit having a plurality of switches, such as circuit breaker switches, where the interlock article ensures that only one power source is connected to a circuit at any one time.
An interlock for a circuit breaker having a first circuit breaker switch and a second circuit breaker switch is provided wherein the interlock includes an interlock housing, a first actuator movably associated with the first circuit breaker switch, a first limiter plate, and a first handle securely associated with the first actuator and first limiter plate. The first handle is moveably associated with the interlock housing to be configurable between a first handle first configuration and a first handle second configuration. A second actuator movably associated with the second circuit breaker switch is provided and includes a second limiter plate and a second handle securely associated with the second actuator and second limiter plate. The second handle is moveably associated with the interlock housing to be configurable between a second handle first configuration and a second handle second configuration, wherein when the first handle is in the first handle first configuration, the second handle is configurable between the second handle first configuration and the second handle second configuration, and when the first handle is in the first handle second configuration, the second handle is non-movably configured in the second handle first configuration, and when the second handle is in the second handle first configuration, the first handle is configurable between the first handle first configuration and the first handle second configuration, and when the second handle is in the second handle second configuration, the first handle is non-movably configured in the first handle first configuration.
An interlock for a panel having a first switch and a second switch is provided and includes a first actuator movably associated with the first switch, a first limiter plate, and a first handle securely associated with the first actuator and the first limiter plate, wherein the first limiter plate is configurable between a first plate first configuration and a first plate second configuration. A second actuator movably associated with the second switch is also provided and includes a second limiter plate, and a second handle securely associated with the second actuator and the second limiter plate, wherein the second limiter plate is configurable between a second plate first configuration and a second plate second configuration, wherein when the first limiter plate is in the first plate second configuration, the second limiter plate is non-movably configured in the second plate first configuration, and when the second limiter plate is in the second plate second configuration, the first limiter plate is non-movably configured in the first plate first configuration.
The foregoing and other features and advantages of the present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
In accordance with the present invention, an interlock article for use with a circuit box having circuit breakers used for multiple power inputs is provided and described herein, wherein the interlock article allows only one power source to be connected to the system at any one time. Generally, the invention includes a plurality of handles (one for each circuit breaker), where the handle is connected to a drive shaft. The drive shaft is supported by a bracket which acts as a pivot point and which is attached to the structure of the panel. An actuator is attached to the drive shaft such that when the drive shaft rotates, the actuator causes the switch arm of the circuit breaker to be configured between positions. For example, movement of the handle between a first and second position causes the switch arm of the circuit breaker to be configured between the on and off positions.
The invention also includes a limiter plate associated with the drive shaft of each handle, wherein the limiter plate is configured such that the limiter plate of one handle interacts with the limiter plate of the adjacent handle. For example, when one handle is in the off position, the associated limiter plate does not interact with the limiter plate of the adjacent handle and allows the adjacent switching apparatus to be configured between the on and off configuration. However, when the handle is in the on position, the associated limiter plate interacts with the limiter plate of the adjacent handle and prevents the adjacent switching apparatus from being configured into the on configuration.
It should be appreciated that although the present invention is disclosed herein with reference to two circuit breaker switches, it is contemplated that the scope of the invention covers two or more circuit breaker switches.
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Referring to the FIGS., the first interlock handle 106 is securely and non-movably associated with the first handle drive shaft 108 and the first handle drive shaft 108 is located within the first handle cavity 132 such that the first handle drive shaft 108 is adjacent the front surface 132 of the housing front panel 130 and the first handle drive shaft 108 is protruding from the rear surface 134 of the housing front panel 130. Additionally, the second interlock handle 114 is securely and non-movably associated with the second handle drive shaft 116 and the second handle drive shaft 116 is located within the second handle cavity 134 such that the second handle drive shaft 116 is adjacent the front surface 132 of the housing front panel 130 and the second handle drive shaft 116 is protruding from the rear surface 134 of the housing front panel 130. It should be appreciated that the first and second handle drive shafts 108, 116 are movable relative to the housing front panel 130 so as to rotate about an imaginary axis that runs along the length of the handle drive shafts 108, 116. It should be further appreciated that the first and second handle drive shafts 108, 116 are configured to be rotatable between a first configuration (in this embodiment such that the first and second interlock handles 106, 114 are oriented to be directed vertically downward) and a second configuration (in this embodiment such that the first and second interlock handles 106, 114 are oriented to be horizontal). As explained in more detail hereinafter, in this embodiment when the first and second handle drive shafts 108, 116 are in the first configuration, the respective circuit breaker switch is in the off position and when the in the second configuration, the respective circuit breaker switch is in the on position.
The first limiter plate 110 and the first actuator 112 is securely and non-movably associated with the first handle drive shaft 108 such that the first limiter plate 110 is located proximate the rear surface 134 of the housing front panel 130 and the first actuator 112 is located proximate the first limiter plate 110. Additionally, the second limiter plate 118 and the second actuator 120 is securely and non-movably associated with the second handle drive shaft 116 such that the second limiter plate 118 is located proximate the rear surface 134 of the housing front panel 130 and the second actuator 120 is located proximate the second limiter plate 118. The first limiter plate 110 and the first actuator 112 is oriented as shown in
The breaker housing 102 is then securely associated with a first circuit breaker switch 136 and a second circuit breaker switch 138, such that when the first interlock handle 106 is configured in the first configuration, a portion of the circuit switch interface surface 128 is located proximate the top of the first circuit breaker switch 136 and when the first interlock handle 106 is configured in the second configuration, a portion of the circuit switch interface surface 128 is located proximate the bottom of the first circuit breaker switch 136. Similarly, when the second interlock handle 114 is configured in the first configuration, a portion of the circuit switch interface surface 128 is located proximate the top of the second circuit breaker switch 138 and when the second interlock handle 114 is configured in the second configuration, a portion of the circuit switch interface surface 128 is located proximate the bottom of the first circuit breaker switch 138. It should be appreciated that when the first limiter plate 110 and the second limiter plate 118 are associated with the first handle drive shaft 108 and the second handle drive shaft 116, respectively, they are located adjacent each other such that if they are not oriented correctly, any rotation of one will cause the first and second limiter plates 110, 118 to contact each other preventing further rotation.
It should be further appreciated that the first limiter plate 110 and the second limiter plate 118 are arranged such that when the first and second interlock handles 106, 114 are in the first configuration, either one of the first and second interlock handles 106, 114 can be configured into the second configuration. If the first interlock handle 106 is configured into the second configuration, then the second interlock handle 114 must be in the first configuration. In this situation, the first limiter plate 110 will prevent the second limiter plate 118 (and thus the second interlock handle 114 and second actuator 120) from being configurable into the second configuration. Likewise, if the second interlock handle 114 is configured into the second configuration, then the first interlock handle 106 must be in the first configuration. In this situation, the second limiter plate 118 will prevent the first limiter plate 110 (and thus the first interlock handle 106 and first actuator 112) from being configurable into the second configuration. In this way, the interlock article 100 advantageously only allows one circuit breaker switch to be turned on at any one time.
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It should be appreciated that although the invention is disclosed herein with regards to an electrical panel (or circuit breaker panel) having a plurality of breaker switches, it is contemplated that the invention may be applied to any panel that incorporates actuators (or switches). Additionally, although the limiter plates are discussed as being associated with the shafts of each handle, other embodiments which use different arrangements are contemplated to be within the scope of the invention. For example, the limiter places do not necessarily have to be directly associated with the shaft of the handles and may be indirectly associated via gears, servos, belts, etc.
It should be appreciated that although the invention has been described as a mechanical interlock, the invention may be embodied, in whole or in part, via software, firmware and/or hardware. Moreover, it should be appreciated that although the invention may be implemented, in whole or in part, via software, hardware, firmware and/or any combination thereof, it is also contemplated that a method for carrying out the operation of the invention may also be implemented, in whole or in part, without the use of software, hardware, firmware and/or any combination thereof.
Moreover, it should be appreciated that each of the elements of the present invention may be implemented in part, or in whole, in any order suitable to the desired end purpose. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the processing required to practice the method of the present invention, either in whole or in part, may be implemented, wholly or partially, by a controller operating in response to a machine-readable computer program. In order to perform the prescribed functions and desired processing, as well as the computations therefore (e.g. execution control algorithm(s), the control processes prescribed herein, and the like), the controller may include, but not be limited to, a processor(s), computer(s), memory, storage, register(s), timing, interrupt(s), communication interface(s), and input/output signal interface(s), as well as combination comprising at least one of the foregoing. It should also be appreciated that the embodiments disclosed herein are for illustrative purposes only and include only some of the possible embodiments contemplated by the present invention.
Furthermore, the invention may be wholly or partially embodied in the form of a computer system or controller implemented processes. It should be appreciated that any type of computer system (as is well known in the art) may be used and that the invention may be implemented via any type of network setup, including but not limited to a LAN and/or a WAN (wired or wireless). The method of the invention may also be embodied in the form of computer program code containing instructions embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, and/or any other computer-readable medium, wherein when the computer program code is loaded into and executed by a computer or controller, the computer or controller becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. When implemented on a general-purpose controller the computer program code segments may configure the controller to create specific logic circuits.
While the invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, unless specifically stated any use of the terms first, second, etc. do not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another.