Patent Application
20240229485
The invention relates to an interlockable wall reinforcement panel, a wall reinforcement assembly and a method for wall reinforcement.
It is known from practice that buildings with damaged walls, such as buildings with damage due to seismic events, need to be reinforced or, alternatively, broken down to ensure the safety of its inhabitants or users.
Damaged walls, especially when caused by seismic events, may show one or more different types of damage. A first type of damage is in-plane damage of the wall, which occurs when parts of the wall are displaced with regard to the other parts. This is often visible as cracks or fissures and can occur in brick walls, concrete walls and, in some cases, even in wooden structures such as timber frame constructions.
A second type of damage is the out-of-plane damage, in which parts of the wall structure are displaced transversely to the side surface of the wall. This occurs most often in brick or concrete walls. It is noted that in some cases both types of damage may occur simultaneously in a single wall.
In practice, reinforcement of damaged walls comes down to stabilizing the wall structure in-plane, out-of-plane or both by applying a (rigid) timber frame construction against a side, often the building inner side, of the wall. The timber frame is subsequently covered with wooden boards for support and plaster wall boards to provide a straight inner wall.
Such a timber frame construction for wall reinforcement has several disadvantages. First of all, a timber frame construction has a relatively high thickness due to the posts that constitute the timber frame. As a result, the inner space of the building is decreased after the timber frame has been placed. In addition, many alterations are required to fit window and/or door posts, (plug)sockets and gas pipes to the new situation, which significantly increases costs.
Secondly, the transfer of forces within the stabilizing structure of the wall takes place by transfer from a wall board to a timber frame post and subsequently to the next, adjacent wall board. This results in a high amount of force on the connection means between the different components and requires expensive connections means to withstand these forces.
The invention is aimed at obviating or at least reducing the abovementioned disadvantages.
To that end, the invention provides an interlockable wall panel for reinforcing walls, the panel having a wall panel surface extending in a plane defined by a first and a second direction, the wall surface having a number of side edges, wherein at least one of the number of side edges comprises:
It is noted that the third direction is substantially perpendicular to the plane and/or to the first and second directions.
It is noted that, in this application, the wording interlockable wall panel for wall reinforcement is used interchangeably with other similar wording, such as interlockable wall reinforcement panel, interlockable wall panel, wall panel and interlockable panel, and in general is directed to the same subject unless specifically noted otherwise.
It is furthermore noted that the words ‘reinforcement’ and ‘reinforcing’ are used interchangeably with the words ‘stability’ and ‘stabilizing’. In this application, these words may be considered to relate to a change in the structural integrity of a wall.
It is also noted that the word ‘indentation’ is used interchangeably with the word ‘recess’ in this application and these words are considered to have a similar meaning for the purpose of this application.
Similarly, the wording wall panel assembly may also be used interchangeably with the wording interlockable wall panel assembly, interlockable wall reinforcement panel assembly, wall assembly and panel assembly and in general is directed to the same subject unless specifically noted otherwise.
An advantage of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention is that it has a relatively low thickness, when viewed in the third direction (i.e. perpendicular to the wall), thus leading to a relatively small increase in wall thickness after applying the wall panel. As a result, the cost for adapting window and/or door posts and/or (plug)socket connections to the (only slightly) increased wall thickness is significantly less than for existing solutions.
Another advantage of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention is that, due to fact that the wall panel is connectable in the third direction, the wall panel (especially when connected with second and/or further wall panels) provides excellent stability both in-plane (parallel to the wall) and out-of-plane (perpendicular to the wall). As a result, an improved stability (or reinforcement) is achieved compared to known solutions.
Another advantage of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention is that, due to the fact that the interlockable wall reinforcement panel according to the invention is connectable to a second or further wall panel in the third direction, the connection is not subjected to tension, stress or deformations during connecting. Although it would in theory be possible to provide a connection that is established in-plane, this would incur at least some stress and/or deformation in the material and would therewith reduce effectiveness of the wall panel. Because deformation does not occur when connecting the wall panel with a second or further wall panel in the third direction, a connection with improved safety is achieved.
Yet another advantage of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention is that, due to the fact that the interlockable wall reinforcement panel is connectable in the third direction, it provides a seamless fit of the projections and/or indentations between the wall panel and second or further wall panels.
Another advantage of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention is that the wall panel is easy to connect to the wall that is to be reinforced.
Yet another advantage of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention is that the wall panel according to the invention can be manufactured at relatively low cost, and may, for example, be manufactured at a central manufacturing plant.
An even further advantage of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention is that the wall panel can be provided in standardized form, yet may also be provided in custom sizes for specific situations. As a result, the interlockable wall panel provides a flexible device for reinforcement of damaged walls and can be applied in most buildings.
Yet another advantage of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention is that the wall panel may alternatively also be applied to reinforce ceilings and/or floors. To that end, the interlockable wall reinforcement panel may be combined with other interlockable wall reinforcement panels to construct a ‘box’ of panels that may reinforce both wall(s) and ceiling and/or floor.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the interlockable wall panel may be manufactured based on a 3D-scan of the wall or walls to be reinforced.
The interlockable wall panels, when manufactured based on a 3D scan of the wall or walls to be reinforced, provide several advantages.
First of all, the interlockable wall panels are manufactured with high amount of precision, especially with regard to the dimensions of the panels required to cover the wall.
Another advantage is that it allows a highly precise positioning of interlockable wall panels that are to be connected across walls that are at an angle with each other.
Yet another advantage of the wall panels being manufactured based on a 3D-scan is that the wall panel or panels can be manufactured using pre-fab techniques. This allows a more efficient manufacturing while simultaneously providing a high-quality, precise fit on the wall that is to be reinforced.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the wall panel may be combined with a number of standardized components, which increases production and delivery speed and reduces costs.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the interlockable wall panel is not connectable in-plane, yet only connectable in the third direction, and thus not connectable in the first and/or the second direction.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the interlockable wall panels are connectable to the wall that is to be reinforced using connections means, which for example may comprise screws, bolt-and-nut connectors or other suitable connection means.
Due to the low thickness of the interlockable wall panels (seen in the third direction), the wall panels can easily be connected to the wall that is to be reinforced. This may for example be provided with screws or bolt-and-nut connections, which provide a reliable and strong connection. Due to the fact that the interlockable wall panel is, in use, situated directly adjacent the wall, the connection means may in principle be applied at any location of the wall panel. This provides a significant improvement over the prior art solutions, which necessitates a connection to the timber frame.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the one or more projections and/or one or more indentations extend, when measured in a third direction that is perpendicular to the plane, over an entire thickness of the interlockable wall panel.
An advantage of providing the projections and/or indentations of the entire thickness of the interlockable wall panel is that it is easy to connect to adjacent wall panels. Another advantage is that it is easier to manufacture, and therefore more cost-effective.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the interlockable wall panel may only connectable to the second or further interlockable wall panel in the third direction.
An advantage of providing the connectability only in the third direction, that is, only in a direction substantially transverse to the plane formed by the first and second direction, in-plane movement of the connected interlockable wall panels is substantially prevented. This provides a strong resistance against in-plane movement of the wall that is to be reinforced. Surprisingly, it also provides a strong resistance against out-of-plane movement of the wall to be reinforced.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the interlockable wall panel may comprise a single layer, or may comprise multiple layers.
An advantage of the interlocking wall panel according to the invention is that it can be provided as a single layer or in multiple layers. In most cases, a single layer in itself already provides sufficient support to a damaged wall without substantially increasing the thickness of said wall.
In some exemplary cases, an even stronger reinforcement needs to be applied to reinforce the damaged wall. In that case, an interlocking wall panel with an increased thickness or multiple layers, often two layers, of interlocking wall panels are applied. This is especially interesting in case the different layers of wall panels are provided with different sizes of interlockable wall panels, which results in the interlocking projections and/or indentations being positioned at different places in the wall after placement.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the interlockable wall panel may be manufactured from wood, metal, plastic or a combination of one or more thereof, and preferably may be manufactured from wood, wherein the wood preferably comprises multiplex, oriented strand board (OSB), cross-laminated timber (CLT) or glued laminated timber (GLT).
An advantage of providing the abovementioned materials, and especially wood, is that they can easily be manufactured to the required specifications at a central location, such as a manufacturing plant.
In addition, the panels, especially when manufactured of wood, can be manufactured with a high precision with regard to the specifications. This is even more so, when the panels are manufactured based on a 3D scan of the wall to be reinforced.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, a thickness of the interlockable wall panel, when measured in the third direction, may be in the range of 6-30 mm, preferably may be in the range 8-24 mm, and more preferably may be in the range of 12-18 mm.
It has been found that panels, especially wood panels, having a thickness that is at any point in the range between 6-30 mm is usable to reinforce a wall. It has also been found that wall panels, especially when made of wood or plastic, having a thickness in the range of 12-18 mm provide an excellent trade-off between the required reinforcement strength for the wall and the reduction of inner space of the building due to the increase in overall wall thickness.
In addition, in case of wood, it is noted that wood panels for building purposes are often manufactured in standard thicknesses, which include for example 12 mm and 18 mm.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the connection may be a slidable connection.
In this embodiment, the projection or indentation of the wall panel may be configured to be slidably inserted into an associated indentation or projection of a second or further wall panel. An advantage of sliding the (projections/indentations of the) wall panels together is that it provides a snug fit of the projection in an indentation of a second or further wall panel (or conversely), while at the same time the projections and/or indentations are relatively easy to manufacture.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the at least one side edge may be provided with a plurality of indentations and projections that are alternately positioned along the side edge.
An advantage of providing a side edge (or multiple side edges) with alternately positioned projections and indentations is that a (semi-)continuous series of projections and indentations is formed that provides a high in-plane and out-of-plane strength to the wall to be reinforced.
Another advantage is that, due to the alternating pattern of projections and indentations, the wall panels can easily be positioned in the correct position with respect to each other before connection them to each other.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, at least two side edges, preferably opposing side edges, of the interlockable wall panel may be provided with one or more indentations and/or one or more projections.
An advantage of providing multiple edges of an interlockable wall panel with one or more projections and/or indentations is that the wall panel can be connected to multiple adjacent wall panels, which provides a completely interlocked series of wall panels that may cover substantially the entire wall. This increased wall stability and improves the reinforcement.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the interlockable wall panel may substantially be rectangular-shaped or may be substantially square-shaped. Preferably each side edge of the interlockable wall panel may be provided with a plurality of projections and a plurality of indentations that are alternately spaced along the side edge.
Although the interlockable wall panel according to the invention may be provided in substantially any shape, it is preferred to provide it as a rectangular or a square shape.
An advantage of these shapes is that they often match the shape of the wall to be reinforced. In addition, an interlockable wall panel having such abovementioned shape can easily be connected with a mating connection of a second or further panel due to the similar shape.
Another advantage is that rectangular or square interlockable wall panels are easy to transport from a manufacturing site to the place of use.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the one or more projections may have a T-shaped profile, preferably in which the bottom of the T-shaped projection is connected to the side edge of the interlockable wall panel and extends therefrom.
An advantage of the abovementioned shape is that allows a seamless fit with a corresponding (but oppositely shaped) indentation of a second or further wall panel (according to the invention). As a result of this seamless fit, in-plane movement, that is movement in the first and/or second direction, is substantially prevented and an improved wall stabilization is achieved. Surprisingly, it has been found that this shape also provides an increase of out-of-plane stability to the wall to be reinforced and increases resistance against (further) out-of-plane damage to the wall.
It has been found that the T-shape provides several advantages over other shapes, including but not limited to, rectangular, (isosceles) trapezoid and square shapes.
First of all, it has been found that the failure loads on a (reinforced) wall under stress, including earthquake induced stress, can more easily be calculated when a T-shape is used.
Secondly, it has been found that the T-shape has an improved resistance against disassociation of the connection, especially compared to square and rectangular shapes. This is mainly due to the fact that, when such connections, and especially the square and rectangular connection, are subjected to for example earthquake-induced forces, the connections provide insufficient holding force. This is especially true for sliding forces.
Furthermore, the T-shape has been found to be especially resistant against earthquake induced damage compared to other types of shapes. This is mainly due to the fact that the T-shape provides multiple anti-failure mechanisms.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the indentations have a T-shaped profile, preferably in which the T-shape extends inwardly from the side edge of the interlockable wall panel, and/or wherein the bottom of the T-shape is positioned at the side edge of the interlockable wall panel.
An advantage of the abovementioned shape is that allows a seamless fit with a corresponding (but oppositely shaped) projection of a second or further wall panel (according to the invention). As a result of this seamless fit, in-plane movement, that is movement in the first and/or second direction, is substantially prevented and an improved wall stabilization is achieved. Surprisingly, it has been found that this shape also provides an increase of out-of-plane stability to the wall to be reinforced and increases resistance against (further) out-of-plane damage to the wall.
Furthermore, the advantages as mentioned above for the T-shaped projection are equally applicable for the T-shaped indentation according to this particular embodiment.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the indentations may have a trapezium-shaped profile, preferably in which the small base of the trapezium-shape is positioned at the side edge of the interlockable wall panel and the large base is positioned inwardly from the side edge, and more preferably wherein the trapezium-shape is a isosceles trapezium shape.
An advantage of the abovementioned shape is that allows a seamless fit with a corresponding (but oppositely shaped) projection of a second or further wall panel (according to the invention). As a result of this seamless fit, in-plane movement, that is movement in the first and/or second direction, is substantially prevented and an improved wall stabilization is achieved. Surprisingly, it has been found that this shape also provides an increase of out-of-plane stability to the wall to be reinforced and increases resistance against (further) out-of-plane damage to the wall.
In an embodiment of the interlockable wall panel according to the invention, the projections may have a trapezium-shaped profile, preferably in which the small base of the trapezium-shape is positioned at the side edge of the interlockable wall panel and the projections extends outwardly from the side edge, such that the wide base is located at a distance from the side edge, and more preferably wherein the trapezium-shape is a isosceles trapezium shape.
An advantage of the abovementioned shape is that allows a seamless fit with a corresponding (but oppositely shaped) indentation of a second or further wall panel (according to the invention). As a result of this seamless fit, in-plane movement, that is movement in the first and/or second direction, is substantially prevented and an improved wall stabilization is achieved. Surprisingly, it has been found that this shape also provides an increase of out-of-plane stability to the wall to be reinforced and increases resistance against (further) out-of-plane damage to the wall.
The invention also relates to a wall panel assembly comprising a plurality of interlockable wall panels according to the invention.
The wall panel assembly according to the invention provides similar effects and advantages as the interlockable wall panel according to the invention. The embodiments disclosed above with respect to the interlockable wall panel according to the invention may freely and individually each be combined with the wall panel assembly according to the invention.
In an embodiment of the wall panel assembly according to the invention, the wall panel assembly is configured to cover an entire wall to be reinforced.
It is preferred that the interlockable wall panel assembly covers substantially the entire wall to provide optimal stability.
In an embodiment of the wall panel assembly according to the invention, the interlockable wall panels may be configured to be placed against a single side of a wall that is to be reinforced.
An advantage of connecting the wall panels of the wall panel assembly a single side of the wall that is to be reinforced, is that it provides good wall stabilization, while simultaneously reducing the costs for stabilizing the wall.
In an embodiment of the wall panel assembly according to the invention, the wall panel assembly comprises a first subset of interlockable wall panels that is configured to be connected with a first side wall of a wall that is to be reinforced, and a second subset of interlockable wall panels that is configured to be connected with a second side wall of a wall that is to be reinforced that is opposite the first side wall, such that the first and second subset enclose the wall to be reinforced to form a sandwich structure.
In some cases, a wall may be reinforced by providing a sandwich structure by providing two subsets of interlockable wall panels that are connected to opposite sides of the wall. This provides an even further improved stabilization of the wall to be reinforced/stabilized.
It is noted that it is particularly useful when this embodiment is combined with the embodiment mentioned above, in which the interlockable wall panels are manufactured based on a 3D-scan of the wall (or walls). By two-sided 3D scanning both scan results may be linked to each other to provide a good view of the wall to be reinforced.
In addition, the interlockable wall panels of the first and second subset may, in some cases or at at least at some locations, be connected using the same set of connectors.
Furthermore, it allows an even more accurate detailing of aspects of the wall and/or floor and/or ceiling, such as by the determination of the location of a beam or beams of a floor.
In an embodiment of the wall panel assembly according to the invention, the interlockable wall panels that, in use of the assembly, are connected to each other, are substantially immovable with respect to each other in the first and/or the second direction.
An advantage of the wall panel assembly according to the invention is that is provides a rigid structure that prevents movement in the first and the second direction and therewith obviates (further) in-plane damage of the wall. In addition, the rigidity of the wall panel assembly also prevents out-of-plane movement of the wall, therewith (also) obviating further out-of-plane damage to the wall.
In an embodiment of the wall panel assembly according to the invention, the assembly comprises a support subset of interlockable wall panels that is configured to be connected to a ceiling or floor that is to be reinforced, wherein the interlockable wall panels of the support subset have a side edge comprising one or more indentations and/or projections that are shaped to providing a mating and interlocking connection with an interlockable wall panel that extends substantially perpendicular to the plane of an interlockable wall panel of the support subset, wherein the mating and interlocking connection is configured to substantially prevent in plane-movement with respect to the substantially perpendicularly extending wall panel.
An advantage of additionally providing a support subset is that a ‘box-like’ structure can be created that stabilizes walls and ceilings and/or floors of a building. The use of a box-like structure provides an even higher stabilization to the building (including walls, ceiling and/or floor) due to the increased rigidity of the entire assembly.
Another advantage is that a seamless transition of forces is achieved between the walls on the one hand and the ceiling and/or floor on the other hand.
The invention also relates to a reinforced wall of a building comprising:
It is noted that the wall thickness is measured between side surfaces and generally is less than a length and/or width of the planar side surfaces.
It is further noted that the reinforced wall may also comprise a wall panel assembly according to the invention (instead of a plurality of wall panels according to the invention).
The reinforced or stabilized wall according to the invention provides all effects and advantages as mentioned for the interlockable wall panel and/or the wall panel assembly according to the invention. The reinforced or stabilized wall according to the invention may therefore freely be combined with embodiments, together or individually, as described for the interlockable wall panel according to the invention.
An advantage of the reinforced wall according to the invention is that, due to the fact that the plurality of wall panels is connected to each other in an interlocking manner and connected to the wall of the building, the wall is provided with an improved stability and therewith has an increased resistance against future (seismic) damage.
Another advantage of the reinforced wall according to the invention is that the unity check of the wall is below 1.0, and often is below 0.8, and can even be below 0.6. The unity check is a ratio between the maximum stress on a wall (before breaking/collapsing) compared with the stress induced by external forces, such as earthquakes. The maximum stress is indicated with for example 10, whereas the actual stress is measured and, in acceptable cases, be below 10 to provide a ratio below 1.0.
In an embodiment of the reinforced wall according to the invention, the plurality of interlockable wall panels may cover substantially the entire planar side surface of the wall to be reinforced.
It is preferred that the interlockable wall panels cover substantially the entire wall to provide optimal stability.
In an embodiment of the reinforced wall according to the invention, the plurality of interlockable wall panels may comprise a first set of interlockable wall panels that is connected to a first planar side surface of the wall, and a second set of interlockable panels that is connected to a second planar side surface of the wall that is opposite the first planar side surface.
It is preferred in this embodiment that both the first and the second set cover substantially the entire planar side surface of the wall to be reinforced.
By providing the wall with two subsets of interlockable wall panels on adjacent side surfaces, an even higher stability of the wall is achieved.
The invention also relates to a building stabilization assembly, the assembly comprising a plurality of subsets of interlockable wall panels according to the invention, the plurality comprising:
An advantage of building stabilization assembly is that a ‘box-like’ structure is created, which secures a building against earthquake damage. This is mainly due to the fact that horizontal forces, especially those induced by earthquakes, are transferred via the floor or ceiling subset to the wall subset or wall subsets and subsequently to the foundation of the building. Therewith, the stabilization assembly is capable of effectively and efficiently mitigating forces (i.e. stress) on the building to the foundation.
Another advantage of the stabilization assembly is that it provides an increased rigidity by connecting the at least one wall subset with the floor or ceiling subset. It is preferred that multiple walls are covered with a wall subset, which is connected to the floor or ceiling subset, since each additional wall that is covered with wall panels and connected to a floor or ceiling subset further increases stabilizing effect.
Another advantage is that a seamless transition of forces is achieved between the walls on the one hand and the ceiling and/or floor on the other hand.
Another advantage is that the mating and interlocking connection is configured to substantially prevent in plane-movement (of the floor or ceiling) with respect to the wall panels, which preferably extend substantially perpendicularly to the floor or ceiling panels.
The invention also relates to a method for reinforcing a damaged wall, the method comprising:
The method according to the invention provides similar effects and advantages as the interlockable wall panel, the wall panel assembly and the reinforced wall according to the invention. The embodiments disclosed above with respect to the interlockable wall panel according to the invention may freely and individually each be combined with the method according to the invention.
In an embodiment of the method according to the invention, the step of connecting the plurality of interlockable wall panels to the wall to be reinforced and to each other, comprises:
An advantage of positioning, placing and interlocking the interlockable wall panels with respect to each other before fixating them to the wall is that the step of interlocking can be performed in the third direction (i.e. perpendicular to the wall).
The invention also relates to a reinforcement construction kit for reinforcing a damaged wall, the construction kit comprising:
The reinforcement construction kit according to the invention provides similar effects and advantages as the interlockable wall panel, the wall panel assembly, the reinforced wall and the method according to the invention. The embodiments disclosed above with respect to the interlockable wall panel according to the invention may freely and individually each be combined with the method according to the invention.
It is noted that the interlockable wall panel according to the invention can, in addition to reinforcing or stabilizing, also be used in the construction of new (undamaged) buildings with timber frame construction.
The invention therefore also relates to a timber frame construction comprising:
An advantage of the timber frame construction according to the invention is that it provides increased stiffness compared to traditional timber frame constructions due to the interlockable wall panels according to the invention.
As a result, a timber frame construction according to the invention has an increased resistance against both in-plane and out-of-plane forces acting on the construction. This is, in part, due to the fact that the forces are not only transferred via the connection means that connect the panels to the timber frame, but also via the connection between the interlocking, mating parts of the interlockable wall panels according to the invention.
The timber frame construction according to the invention provides similar effects and advantages as the interlockable wall panel and the wall panel assembly according to the invention. The embodiments disclosed above with respect to the interlockable wall panel according to the invention may freely and individually each be combined with the timber frame construction according to the invention.
In an embodiment of the timber frame construction according to the invention, the timber frame construction may additionally comprises one or more of: isolation material that is positioned between posts of the timber frame, an isolation layer that is positioned on a side of the interlockable wall panels that is opposite the side that is connected to the timber frame, or a moisture reduction layer.
Further advantages, features and details of the invention are elucidated on the basis of preferred embodiments thereof, wherein reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
In an example (see
In more detail (see
In a first example, projection 112 has a T-shape, with bottom end 112b of the T being connected side edge 104 of interlockable wall panel 102 and upper end 112a projecting from side edge 104. Due to the shape of projection 112, indentation 114 is automatically provided with an inverted T-shape, in which bottom end 114b points upward in the second direction y and bottom end 114a is positioned at side edge 104. This alternating pattern allows interlockable wall panel 102 to be connected to a second or further interlockable wall panel in the third direction z (not shown) and substantially prevents any movement in the plane formed by first direction x and second direction y.
In a second example (see
In an example of wall panel assembly 250 (see
In an example of reinforced wall W (see
The present invention is by no means limited to the above described preferred embodiments thereof. The rights sought are defined by the following claims within the scope of which many modifications can be envisaged.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2028247 | May 2021 | NL | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NL2022/050274 | 5/19/2022 | WO |
