The present invention relates to a combustion engine comprising a device adapted to detect operating conditions of the engine, and which device comprises a device adapted to detect pressure changes in the cylinder chamber of at least one cylinder in the engine, and a method to detect pressure changes in the cylinder chamber of at least one cylinder in the engine.
There is a constant aspiration to achieve control of a combustion engine, in such a manner that fuel used therein is burned in the engine's cylinders, while generating a maximum amount of energy/fuel mass output from the engine and a minimum amount of emissions. It is of decisive importance in such aspiration to have constant knowledge of the combustion engine's operating conditions. The pressure changes that take place during operation in the cylinder chambers of such an engine's cylinders contain valuable information about the engine's operating conditions.
In order to access such information, combustion engines have been equipped with said devices which have included pressure sensors reaching into said cylinder chambers, via holes bored through the engine walls, in order to detect the pressure inside the cylinder chamber.
The objective of the present invention is to provide a combustion engine and a method, which are improved in at least one respect in relation to prior art such combustion engines and methods.
Surprisingly, it has become apparent that when a sensor element is placed on a part of a cylinder head or on parts adjacent thereto in the engine, for example adjacent to the cylinder, but outside the cylinder, for example adjacent to the outlet from the cylinder or adjacent to inlet channel to the cylinder, movements or vibrations, generated by pressure changes in said cylinder chamber, and propagating in said cylinder head or said parts, may be detected, and as a result indirect pressure changes in the cylinder chamber may be detected in a reliable manner. Thus, e.g. the development of the gas pressure over time in the cylinder chamber of the relevant cylinder in the engine may be reliably derived. Accordingly, this is possible without any holes having to be bored in the combustion chamber, and in addition to a cost saving thus achieved, through the invention disruptions, which pressure sensors inserted into the cylinder chamber may cause, are also avoided.
The movements which in this manner may be detected, and which are generated by pressure changes in a cylinder chamber (combustion chamber), may for example be vibrations, noise, i.e. gas movements, various types of shape changes, such as protrusions, in said cylinder head or in parts adjacent thereto in the engine.
The fact that said at least one sensor element is arranged separately from the cylinder chamber, i.e. the cylinder's combustion chamber, means that it does not participate in any direct contact with the inside volume of the cylinder chamber, but is completely separate therefrom. However, some form of external recess could be adapted in the wall of the cylinder chamber, in which a sensor element could be arranged.
According to one embodiment of the invention, said sensor element is arranged inside or on said cylinder head. Such a placement of the sensor element, preferably near the top dead center of the cylinder's piston, has been shown to be advantageous for purposes of ensuring that easily readable signals with minor noise reach the sensor element.
According to another embodiment of the invention, said sensor element is adapted to detect movements with a frequency of 250 Hz, 0.5 Hz-250 Hz or 0.5 Hz-200 Hz, i.e. large-scale movements. The sensor element is in this case adapted to detect movements occurring with relatively low frequency, and the basic frequency of the gas pressure variation inside said cylinder chamber lies within these intervals, which is the same as the engine speed of the combustion engine, which may e.g. typically be 60 revolutions per minute (1Hz) for a marine diesel engine and as high as 12 000 revolutions per minute (approximately 200 Hz) for an Otto engine in a motorcycle. Since the sensor element is adapted to detect movements within these frequency areas, useful information about the combustion engine's operating conditions may be extracted from the information about the movements attributable to the pressure changes in the cylinder chamber. The sensor element may in another embodiment be arranged to detect higher frequencies. Such higher frequencies may be in the range of kHz. For example, the sensor element may be arranged to detect frequencies in the range of 1 kHz-20 kHz. Other frequency areas or combinations of frequency areas may be detected depending on the application.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the engine has a cylinder head which is common to several cylinders in the engine, and said device has at least one said sensor element placed and adapted to detect and differentiate movements derived from pressure changes in several said cylinder chambers. Thanks to this suitable placement of a sensor element in a combustion engine with such a cylinder head, information may thus be obtained from pressure changes in several cylinder chambers with the use of only one sensor element, and thus a cost saving is achieved.
According to another embodiment of the invention, said device comprises several sensor elements adapted to separately together detect movements generated by pressure changes in all the cylinder chambers in the engine. By detecting such movements derived from pressure changes separately in each one of the cylinder chambers of the engine, voluminous information may be obtained about the engine's operating conditions, leading to suitable measures in the combustion engine's different control systems, diagnoses and similar.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the engine has a cylinder head for each cylinder in the engine, and the device comprises a separate said sensor element for each cylinder in the engine.
According to another embodiment of the invention, said sensor element is adapted to detect said movement optically or via piezo electricity or resistivity. These are some types of suitable sensor elements for detection of movements derived from pressure changes in the cylinder chamber, when placed on a part of a cylinder head or on parts adjacent thereto in a combustion engine.
According to another embodiment of the invention, said device comprises a unit adapted to receive information about said detected movements from said sensor element, to process them, and to compare such information with values stored in the engine for the relevant operating conditions and, based thereon, to deliver measured values relating to performance and/or the state of the engine and/or processes in the engine. Via such comparisons, it becomes possible to obtain valuable information, based on the movements detected by said sensor elements, about the combustion engine's operating condition, in order to use these in a suitable manner.
The above mentioned objective is achieved in relation to the method by way of carrying out the detection, in a method of the type defined above, by detecting movements in a cylinder head or in parts adjacent thereto in the engine, generated by pressure changes in said cylinder chamber. The discussion above about the different embodiments of the innovative combustion engine identifies what may be achieved thanks to such a method and the advantages thereof.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a development over time of the gas pressure in the cylinder chamber of at least one cylinder in the engine, a so-called cylinder pressure curve, is calculated, based on information of said detected movements. It has been shown that such a cylinder pressure curve may be produced based on said detected movements.
According to another embodiment of the invention, a measured value of an amount of heat released in at least one cylinder of the engine is calculated, based on information of said detected movements. For example, the heat amount may be calculated by integrating the heat release (dQ), which is obtained from the pressure volume change corrected for losses.
dQ=((Cp/Cv)/((Cp/Cv)−1))*P*dV+1/((Cp/Cv)−1)*V*dP+losses).
Losses are typically heat losses and leakage of gas from the cylinder.
The invention also relates to a computer program, a computer program product, an electronic control device and a motor vehicle arranged to use the combustion engines and methods described herein.
Additionally, the invention relates to a device adapted to detect the operating conditions in a combustion engine. The function of such a device and the possibilities it offers is described in the discussion above of the innovative combustion engine.
The invention is not limited to any specific type of combustion engine, but encompasses Otto engines as well as compression ignited engines, nor to any specific fuel, non-exhaustive examples of which may comprise fuel in the form of petrol, ethanol, diesel and gas.
Likewise, the invention comprises combustion engines intended for all types of use, such as in industrial applications, in crushing machines and various types of motor vehicles, wheeled motor vehicles as well as trucks and buses, and boats and crawlers or similar vehicles.
Other advantageous features and advantages with the invention are set out in the description below.
Below are descriptions of example embodiments of the invention, with reference to the enclosed drawings, in which:
The device 4 has, in order to be able to detect said pressure changes in the cylinder chambers, one sensor element 7 per cylinder 6, and this is arranged separately from the one belonging to the cylinder chamber 5 on the cylinders' cylinder heads 8. The sensor elements are here piezo resistive sensors, adapted to detect propagating movements, for example in the form of vibrations, generated by pressure changes in the relevant cylinder chambers.
The device 3 also comprises a unit 9, which may consist of the vehicle's electronic control device, adapted to receive information about the detected movements from the sensor elements 7 and to compare such information, or of information calculated based on such sensor information, with values stored in relation to the desired operating conditions in the engine, and based on such comparison, to deliver measured values for the performance and/or state and/or processes in the engine, such as pressure increases in the relevant cylinder. Thus, information about the engine's operating conditions or divergences from these, which suitably provide the bases for control of various components in the combustion engine, such as for example fuel injection, may be obtained, based on the sensor elements' detection.
It has been shown that, by arranging such sensor elements in the manner described, so that they have the ability to detect movements propagating in the cylinder head or in parts adjacent thereto in the engine, derived from pressure changes in the cylinder chamber, high quality signals may be obtained, which signals do not require filtering or further processing, or alternatively, which require a simple filtering or processing, to function as measured values for pressure changes in the relevant cylinder chamber. In one embodiment, the sensor elements are preferably adapted to detect movements, which propagate in the relevant cylinder head or in parts adjacent thereto in the engine with a relatively low frequency, for example within the interval 0.5 Hz-250 Hz, when large-scale movements is to be detected. In other applications, movements or vibrations with a higher frequency, for example in the kHz region, are detected with the help of the sensor element.
In another embodiment (not displayed) the sensor element may be placed in a corresponding manner as when placed on the engine at the outlet of the exhaust channel from a cylinder, but instead placed in a corresponding location on the engine, at the suction channel's inlet to a cylinder.
The sensor elements 7 of the innovative device could also be supported by other sensors, such as sensors measuring the charge air pressure, the exhaust engine pressure, the crankshaft angle, etc. in order to obtain information from the unit 9 about the engine's operating conditions, which information may be used to control different components in the engine. Such information as is stored in a memory device may also be obtained, and may then be considered at future service or maintenance of the engine. If said data is of a more serious type, i.e. is suggesting some serious malfunction in a component of the engine, they may also cause a direct emission of an alarm signal.
The signal detected by the sensor may be treated in various ways. For example, the following signal treatment steps may be carried out. First the sensor's electrical signal is entered into a control device/signal treatment device. The signal is filtered with a bandpass filter, in order to remove superfluous information which does not belong to the frequency range around which information is required. The signal is evened out by way of filtering, averaging or by being replaced with one or several continuous function(s) with good likeness. Subsequently, the signal is scaled, e.g. with the help of the correlation between pressure and volume at compression. Subsequently, (a) suitable part(s) of the signal is/are transformed to the pressure domain. Supplemental modeling closes gaps in the signal's reliability, in order to form a pressure curve. The pressure curve thus created is used to calculate different values at engine control, e.g. Start of Combustion, SOC, different crank angles at a certain amount of burned fuel, for example 10%, 50% and 90% (CA10, CA50, CA90), End of Combustion, EOC, Indicated Mean Effective Pressure; IMEP and maximum pressure Pmax. In some embodiments one or several of the steps above may be omitted.
A computer program code for the implementation of a method according to the invention is suitably included in a computer program, loadable into the internal memory of a computer, such as the internal memory of an electronic control device of a combustion engine. Such a computer program is suitably provided via a computer program product, comprising a data storage medium readable by an electronic control device, which data storage medium has the computer program stored thereon. Said data storage medium is e.g. an optical data storage medium in the form of a CD-ROM, a DVD, etc., a magnetic data storage medium in the form of a hard disk drive, a diskette, a cassette, etc., or a Flash memory or a ROM, PROM, EPROM or EEPROM type memory.
The invention is obviously not limited in any way to the embodiments described above, but numerous possible modifications thereof should be obvious to a person skilled in the area, without such person departing from the spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
For example, the combustion engine could have another number of cylinders than displayed. A sensor element to detect movements derived from the cylinder chambers in all cylinders is also unnecessary, and it is even plausible that the device may have only one sensor element, intended to detect movements derived from pressure changes in only one of the engine's cylinders.
The sensor elements may be adapted to detect said movements also when there is no combustion in the engine's cylinders, but when there are still changes in the pressure inside the cylinder chambers, for example when starting the combustion engine with a starting engine.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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1450746-1 | Jun 2014 | SE | national |
This application is a national stage application (filed under 35 § U.S.C. 371) of PCT/SE15/050693, filed Jun. 16, 2015 of the same title, which, in turn claims priority to Swedish Application No. 1450746-1, filed Jun. 17, 2014 of the same title; the contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/SE2015/050693 | 6/16/2015 | WO | 00 |