Internal combustion engine and outboard motor provided with the same

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine installed in an engine compartment covered with an engine cover, and an outboard motor provided with the internal combustion engine. More specifically, the present invention relates to a construction of the intake air passage of an internal combustion engine.

2. Description of the Related Art

There are various known techniques for prevent water from flowing together with the combustion air into the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine. Particularly, an internal combustion engine included in a marine propulsion apparatus, such as an outboard motor, is required to be compact in construction and excellent in water eliminating function. For instance, a technique applied to an internal combustion engine included in an outboard motor disclosed in Japan Patent No. 2726718 uses a U-shaped intake air passage to prevent water from flowing into the internal combustion engine. In a technique disclosed in JP 2002-138912 A, the inlet of an intake air passage opens into an engine compartment, and the outlet of an air guide passage for carrying air into the engine compartment opens downward in the engine compartment.

Hot air heated by heat generated an internal combustion engine in an engine compartment tends to flow through the inlet of an intake air passage into the intake air passage when the inlet of the intake air passage opens in an engine compartment encasing the internal combustion engine. Consequently, charging efficiency at which the internal combustion engine is charged with air decreases. To improve the charging efficiency, a technique disclosed in, for example, JP 59-120598 A opens the inlet of an intake air passage near and at the outside of an engine compartment.

When air outlets are formed on the way of an up passage, in which reversed descending combustion air that has flowed through a down passage of a U-shaped intake air passage flows up in ascending currents, it is possible that water contained in the combustion air which could not have been removed by the U-shaped intake air passage flows together with the combustion air through some of the air outlets, such as the lowermost air outlet at the lowest position among the air outlets, into the combustion chamber. Thus, a sufficient water separating efficiency cannot be performed by the U-shaped intake air passage.

Water separating efficiency needs to be improved when the air inlet of an intake air passage is opened into a space near an outside air intake space to improve the charging efficiency because water can easily flow into the intake air passage in such a state, as compared with a state where the air inlet is opened into an engine compartment.

When the air inlet of an intake air passage is connected to an engine compartment, the pressure of air in the engine compartment is caused to vary by intake pulsation, and sometimes the variation of air pressure in the engine compartment causes an engine cover to vibrate to generate noise.

The present invention has been made under such circumstances and it is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the effect on preventing water from flowing into the combustion chambers of an internal combustion engine. Another object of the present invention is to improve the charging efficiency and to prevent the vibration of an engine cover due to intake pulsation. A further object of the present invention is to prevent a throttle valve from being wet with water and to increase the passage area of a first down passage, while compactly arranging a throttle valve and an intake air passage. A still further object of the present invention is to improve the water trapping effect and charging efficiency of an outboard motor and to prevent the noise generation of an engine cover due to intake pulsation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides an internal combustion engine installed in an engine compartment covered with an engine cover and comprising an intake system forming an intake air passage for carrying combustion air into a combustion chamber; wherein the intake air passage extends continuously in the engine compartment between an intake air inlet and intake air outlets, and wherein the intake air passage has a first down passage for guiding the combustion air taken in through the intake air inlet to flow down, a reversing passage for reversing the flowing direction of the combustion air so as to flow up, an up passage for guiding the combustion air to flow up, and a second down passage for guiding the combustion air to flow down, the first down passage, the reversing passage, the up passage and the second down passage being successively arranged in that order from an upstream position toward a downstream position; and the up passage extends upward to a position at a level higher than that of an uppermost one of the intake air outlets.

According to the present invention, water contained in the combustion air taken in through the intake air inlet into the intake air passage is separated from the combustion air by centrifugal force while the combustion air flows through the reversing passage. Since the combustion air that has flowed through the reversing passage flows through the up passage to the level higher than that of the uppermost one of the intake air outlets, and then flows down through the second down passage and flows through the intake air outlets into the combustion chamber, water can be surely separated from the combustion air while the combustion air is flowing up through the up passage as compared with a state where the combustion air flows out through intake air outlets formed in an intermediate part of the up passage below the upper end of the up passage. Thus the water trapping effect can be improved. When the intake air passage is provided with plural intake air outlets, the water trapping effect of the air intake air passage is satisfactory with all the combustion chambers regardless of the positions of the intake air outlets.

The intake air inlet may be opened at an outside of the engine compartment without opening the same into the engine compartment.

When the intake air inlet is thus formed, hot air heated in the engine compartment will not flow through the intake air inlet into the intake air passage. Thus the rise of the temperature of the combustion air can be suppressed, the charging efficiency can be improved, and the generation of noise by the engine cover due to intake pulsation can be prevented because the pressure of air in the engine compartment is not caused to vary by intake pulsation.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the intake system includes a throttle valve, and the throttle valve is disposed in the intake air passage on a downstream side of the up passage and on an upstream side of the second down passage.

Thus the throttle valve controls the combustion air from which water has been separated while the combustion air is flowing through the reversing passage and the up passage. Therefore, the throttle valve is prevented from being wetted with water.

The second down passage may be a manifold passage including a pair of parallel distribution passages.

Preferably, in the intake air passage, an inlet part of the first down passage or an inlet part having an upstream end connecting with the inlet part, and an outlet part of the up passage or an outlet part having a downstream end connecting with the outlet part are on opposite sides, respectively, of the throttle valve of the intake system as seen in plan view.

Since the throttle valve is thus disposed in a space between the inlet or the inlet passage, and the outlet or the outlet passage, the throttle valve and the intake air passage can be compactly arranged. The width of the first down passage, namely, a dimension in a direction in which the inlet or the inlet passage, and the outlet or the outlet passage are disposed on the opposite sides of the throttle valve, can be increased to increase the passage area of the first down passage. Therefore, the velocity of the combustion air in the first down passage can be reduced to enhance the water separating effect. The first down passage allowing the combustion air to expand has the function of a silencing chamber, and contributes to reducing intake noise.

The present invention provides also an outboard motor comprising: an internal combustion engine provided with an intake system forming an intake air passage for carrying combustion air to combustion chamber; and an engine cover covering an engine compartment for encasing the internal combustion engine; wherein the intake air passage extends continuously in the engine compartment between an intake air inlet and intake air outlets, and wherein the intake air inlet opens to an outside of the engine compartment; the intake air passage has a water separating unit including a first down passage connecting with the intake air inlet, a reversing passage connecting with the first down passage, and an up passage connecting with the reversing passage, and a second down passage having one end connecting with a downstream end of the water separating unit and the other end connecting with combustion chambers; the up passage extends upward to a position at a level higher than that of an uppermost one of the intake air outlets; and a silencing chamber is disposed on an upstream side of the water separating unit, and a throttle valve included in the intake system is disposed on a downstream side of the water separating unit.

The water separating unit, the second down passage and the intake air inlet thus arranged demonstrate the foregoing effect of the internal combustion engine. Since the silencer and the throttle valve are disposed on the upstream and the downstream side, respectively, of the water separating unit, the silencer reduces intake noise effectively and the throttle valve is effectively prevented from being wetted with water.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side elevation of an outboard motor embodying the present invention taken from the right-hand-side of the outboard motor;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an essential part of the outboard motor shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line III-III in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a part, including an engine cover locking device, of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line V-V in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line VI-VI in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of a part, including an intake duct of an intake system, of FIG. 2; and

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken on the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

An outboard motor in a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, an outboard motor S, namely, a marine propulsion apparatus as a machine to which the present invention is applied, includes a propulsion unit, namely, a power unit, and a mounting device 23 for holding the propulsion unit on a hull 24. The propulsion unit includes an internal combustion engine E, a propeller unit driven by the internal combustion engine E to generate thrust, an alternator G, cases 10, 11 and 12, and an engine cover C.

Referring also to FIG. 3, the internal combustion engine E is a vertical, water-cooled multicylinder 4-stroke internal combustion engine provided with a vertical crankshaft 7 disposed with its center axis Le set in a vertical position. In this embodiment, the internal combustion engine E is a V-6 internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine E has an engine body Ea including a cylinder block 1 provided with two banks 1b and 1c set at an angle to form a V, a crankcase 2 joined to the front end of the cylinder block 1, a cylinder head 3 joined to the respective rear ends of the banks 1b and 1c of the cylinder block 1, and a head cover 4 joined to the rear end of the cylinder head 3. The crankshaft 7 is supported for rotation on the cylinder block 1 and is connected to pistons 5 by connecting rods 6.

In the description, an expression: “as seen in plan view” signifies viewing in a vertical direction. In a state shown in FIG. 1, the center axis Le of the crankshaft 7 is vertical, horizontal directions perpendicular to the vertical direction include forward and rearward longitudinal directions and rightward and leftward lateral directions. The vertical directions, the longitudinal directions and the lateral directions coincide with those with respect to the hull 24, respectively. The longitudinal directions and the lateral directions perpendicular to the longitudinal directions are first and second horizontal directions, respectively.

The engine body Ea is joined to the upper end of the mount case 10. An oil pan 8 and the extension case 11 surrounding the oil pan 8 are joined to the lower end of the mount case 10. A gear case 12 is joined to the lower end of the extension case 11. A lower end part of the internal combustion engine E, the mount case 10 and an upper part of the extension case 11 are covered with a lower cover 13, namely, a first cover, connected to the extension case 11. An upper cover 14, namely, a second cover, covering most part of an upper portion of the internal combustion engine E, is connected to the upper end of the lower cover 13. The lower cover 13 and the upper cover 14 forms the split engine cover C defining an engine compartment 15 encasing the internal combustion engine E. Installed in addition to the internal combustion engine E in the engine compartment 15 are a ventilation system 70 for supplying ventilation air into the engine compartment 15, and the alternator G.

Referring to FIG. 2, the lower cover 13 is fixedly held on the engine body Ea by the extension case 11 and the mount case 10. The upper cover 14 is detachably attached to the lower case 13 and held in place by plural locking devices 16 serving also as positioning devices. In this embodiment the number of the locking devices 16 is four. The four locking devices 16 are arranged at intervals on the joint of the lower cover 13 and the upper cover 14. As shown in FIG. 4, each of the locking devices 16 includes a first locking member 16a projecting from the inside surface of an upper end part of the lower cover 13 and provided with a guide hole 16b, and a second locking member 16c projecting from the inside surface of a lower end part of the upper cover 14 so as to be inserted into the guide hole 16b. The second locking member 16c has a fixed part 16d having a support part 16d1 and fastened to the upper cover 14 with screws 16k, a cylindrical moving part 16e axially slidably put on the support part 16d1 of the fixed part 16d, a bolt 16f extending through the support part 16d1 and the moving part 16e, a nut 16g screwed on the bolt 16f, and a spring 16h extending between the fixed part 16d and the moving part 16e to push the moving part 16e away from the fixed part 16d.

The second locking members 16c attached to the upper cover 14 are inserted in the guide holes 16b to join the upper cover 14 to the lower cover 13. Then, the moving parts 16e is guided by and moved in the guide holes 16b to position the upper cover 13 in place on the lower cover 13 and to join the upper cover 14 to the lower cover 13. A gap between the lower cover 13 and the upper cover 14 is sealed by a sealing member 17. The vertical size of the gap can be adjusted by adjusting the respective positions of the support parts 16d1 relative to the corresponding moving parts 16e by turning the nuts 16g.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a flywheel 18 is mounted on the lower end part of the crankshaft 7, namely, the output shaft of the internal combustion engine E, and a drive shaft 19 is coupled with the lower end part of the crankshaft 7. The drive shaft 19 driven for rotation by the internal combustion engine E extends downward through the mount case 10 and the extension case 11 into the gear case 12. The drive shaft 19 is interlocked with a propeller shaft 21 by a reversing mechanism 20 held in the gear case 12. The power of the internal combustion engine E is transmitted by the crankshaft 7, the drive shaft 19, the reversing mechanism 20 and the propeller shaft 21 to a propeller 22 mounted on the propeller shaft 21 to rotate the propeller 22. The drive shaft 19, the reversing mechanism 20, the propeller shaft 21 and the propeller 22 constitute the propulsion unit.

The mounting device 23 includes a swivel case 23d mounted so as to be turnable on a swivel shaft 23c fixedly held by mount rubbers 23a and 23b on the mount case 10 and the extension case 11, a tilt shaft 23e supporting the swivel case 23d so as to be tiltable, and a bracket 23f holding the tilt shaft 23e and fixed to the stern of the hull 24. The propulsion unit of the outboard motor S is held by the mounting device 23 on the hull 24. The propulsion unit can be turned on the tilt shaft 23e in a vertical plane and is turnable on the swivel shaft 23d in a horizontal plane.

Referring to FIG. 2, the cylinder head 3 is provided with combustion chambers 30 (FIG. 5) respectively axially corresponding to the pistons 5 fitted in cylinders 1a, intake ports 31 (FIG. 3) opening respectively into the combustion chambers 30, exhaust ports opening respectively into the combustion chambers, and spark plugs exposed respectively to the combustion chambers 30. Intake valves and exhaust valves incorporated into the cylinder head 3 to open and close the intake ports and the exhaust ports, respectively, are driven for opening and closing operations in synchronism with the rotation of the crankshaft 7 by an overhead-camshaft valve moving mechanism 32 installed in a valve chamber defined by the cylinder head 3 and the head cover 4.

The valve moving mechanism 32 includes camshafts 32a driven for rotation by the power of the crankshaft 7 transmitted thereto by a transmission mechanism 33, intake cams 32b and exhaust cams 32c formed on the camshafts 32a, a pair of rocker arm shafts 32d, intake rocker arms and exhaust rocker arms supported for turning on the rocker arm shafts 32d. The intake cams 32b and the exhaust cams 32c drive the intake valves and the exhaust valves for opening and closing operation through the intake rocker arms and the exhaust rocker arms, respectively.

Referring to FIG. 3, a drive pulley 33a and a drive pulley 34a are mounted in that order in an upward arrangement on the upper end part of the crankshaft 7. The transmission mechanism 33 including the drive pulley 33a, a cam pulley 33b mounted on the camshaft 32a and a belt 33c extending between the drive pulley 33a and the cam pulley 33b, and a transmission mechanism 34 including the drive pulley 34a, a driven pulley 34b mounted on the shaft 81 of the alternator G and a belt 34c extending between the drive pulley 34c and the driven pulley 34b, are disposed in a transmission chamber covered with a belt cover, namely, a transmission cover, attached to the upper end of the engine body Ea. The belt cover includes first belt covers 35 disposed above the upper ends of the cylinder heads 3 mainly for covering the cam pulleys 33b, and a lower case 50a serving also as a second belt cover disposed above the upper end parts of the cylinder blocks 1 to cover the drive pulleys 33a and 34a and driven pulley 34b.

The shaft 81 driven for rotation through the transmission mechanism 34 by the crankshaft 7 is disposed with the center axis Lg of the shaft 81 spaced a predetermined center distance d apart from the center axis Le of the crankshaft 7.

Fuel sprayed out by a fuel injection valve, namely, an air-fuel mixture producing means, attached to the cylinder head 3 is mixed with the combustion air flowing through an intake air passage P (FIGS. 2 and 3) formed in an intake system N installed in the engine compartment 15 to produce an air-fuel mixture. The air-fuel mixture burns in the combustion chamber 30 when the same is ignited by the spark plug attached to the cylinder head 3. The piston 5 is driven for reciprocation by the pressure of a combustion gas produced in the combustion chamber 30 to drive the crankshaft 7 for rotation through the connecting rod 6. The combustion gas discharged as an exhaust gas through the exhaust port from the combustion chamber 30 flows through an exhaust manifold 25 (FIG. 3) into an exhaust pipe 26 (FIG. 1). Then the exhaust gas flows from the exhaust pipe 26 through an exhaust passage formed in the extension case 11, the gear case 12 and the boss of the propeller 22 and is discharged to the outside of the outboard motor S.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 5 and 6, particularly to FIG. 6, an air supply and exhaust system includes an outside-air intake structure Ai for taking outside air surrounding the outboard motor S into the outboard motor S and an air exhaust structure Ae for discharging air from the outboard motor S to the outside. The air supply and exhaust system is disposed outside the upper cover 14 (or the engine compartment 15). The air supply and exhaust system includes an exterior cover 40 extended over and detachably attached to the top wall 14a (FIG. 2) of the upper cover 14, and a wall member 41 dividing a space defined by the exterior cover 40 and the top wall 14a into an air intake space 42 (FIG. 2) and an air exhaust space 43. The wall member 41 is connected to the exterior cover 40 and the top wall 14a by a fitting structure. The wall member 41 is fixedly joined to the top wall 14a when the exterior cover 40 is detachably fastened to the top wall 14 with screws. The wall member 41 has a front lateral wall 41a extending in a front zone of the space, and a longitudinal partition wall 41b laterally separating the air intake space 42 (FIG. 2) and the air exhaust space 43 from each other. The wall member 41 may be formed integrally with the exterior cover 40 or the top wall 14a.

The outside-air intake structure Ai includes the exterior cover 40, the front wall 41a, the partition wall 41b, an entrance louver 45, namely, an air current straightening member, disposed at an air inlet 44 (FIG. 2), and a deflector 46 dividing the air intake space 42 into a first space 42a through which the combustion air is supplied to the internal combustion engine E and a second space 42b (FIG. 2) through which ventilation air flows into the engine compartment 15. The entrance louver 45 is joined to the partition wall 41b and the top wall 14a. The deflector 46 is formed integrally with the partition wall 41b.

The air intake space 42 is defined by the exterior cover 40, the top wall 14a, the front wall 41a and the partition wall 41b. The air inlet 44 (FIG. 2) of the air intake space 42 opens rearward. The entrance louver 45 has a wall 45a (FIG. 2) which determines the vertical size of the air inlet 44 such that the passage area of the air inlet 44 is set to be smaller than the passage area of the first space 42a. Thus the air intake space 42 constitutes an intake silencing chamber 40r having the air inlet 44 as air introducing means and an air expansion chamber connected to the air inlet 44. The exterior cover 40, the upper cover 14 having the top wall 14a, the entrance louver 45 and the wall member 41 including the front wall 41a and the partition wall 41b constitute an exterior intake silencer 40s located outside the engine compartment 15 and including the intake silencing chamber 40r communicating with an intake air inlet Pi to be described later to conduct combustion air to the air intake passage P. The exterior intake silencer 40s can be detached together with the upper cover 14 from the intake system N. The exterior intake silencer 40s overlaps a major portion of an intake silencer 50 to be described later when seen in plan view.

The deflector 46 disposed in the air intake space 42 is a box-shaped member having an inclined deflecting wall 46a having a flat surface inclined so as to deflect the flow of outside air that has passed through the entrance louver 45, namely, the combustion air, obliquely upward. A ventilation duct 71 is disposed in the second space 42b demarcated by the deflector 46. The ventilation duct 71 has an inclined deflecting wall 71a having a flat surface inclined so as to deflect obliquely upward the flow of the outside air that has flowed through the lowermost part of the air inlet 44, which is vertically divided into parts by the entrance louver 46. Water contained in the outside air impinges on the deflecting walls 46a and 71a and is separated from the outside air. Consequently, the amount of water contained in the combustion air flowing downstream from the deflector 46 is reduced, the flow of water into the intake air passage P is suppressed, the amount of water contained in the ventilation air that flows into the ventilation duct 71 is reduced, and the flow of water into the engine compartment 15 is suppressed.

Thus the ventilation air flows into the engine compartment 15 separately from the combustion air that is supplied to the internal combustion engine E.

The air exhaust structure Ae includes the exterior cover 40, the front wall 41a, the partition wall 41b, and an exit louver 48. The exit louver 48 serves as an air guide member disposed at an air exit 47 through which air in the air exhaust space 43 is discharged. The air exhaust space 43 is defined by the exterior cover 40, the top wall 14a, the front wall 41a and the partition wall 41b. The air exit 47 of the air exhaust space 43 is formed in the left side wall 40a so as to open leftward. The exit louver 48 is formed integrally with the left side wall 40a. A rear part of the air exhaust space 43 excluding a drain passage 49c (FIG. 5) formed in the lowermost part of the entrance louver 45 is closed by a rear part 41b1 of the partition wall 41b.

The air intake structure Ai and the air exhaust structure Ae are provided with drain passages for draining water collected in the air intake space 42 and the air exhaust space 43 to the outside of the outboard motor S. The drain passage formed in the air intake structure Ai has a rear drain passage 49a (FIG. 5) formed in the lowermost part of the air inlet 44, and a front drain passage 49b formed in the front wall 41a and the top wall 14a. When the outboard motor S is tilted up, water is drained through the front drain passage 49b. Referring also to FIG. 7, the drain passage formed in the air exhaust structure Ae includes a rear drain passage 49c (FIG. 5), and a front drain passage 49d (FIGS. 2 and 6) formed in the front wall 41a and the top wall 14a. When the outboard motor S is tilted up, water is drained through the front drain passage 49d. The front drain passages 49b and 49d have openings 49b1 and 49d1, respectively. The openings 49b1 and 49d1 open into the atmosphere. The front drain passages 49b and 49d are provided with one-way valves 49e, respectively. One-way valves 49e allow water to flow out only from the air intake space 42 and the air exhaust space 43. Each of the one-way valves 49e is, for example, a reed valve provided with a flexible valve element formed by processing a thin sheet.

Referring to FIG. 2, the intake system N forming the intake air passage P for carrying the combustion air from the air intake space 42 into the combustion chambers 30 is joined to the upper end of the cylinder block 1. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the intake system N includes an intake silencer 50 disposed above the engine body Ea, a reversing pipe 51 for reversing the flowing direction of the combustion air, a throttle device 52 provided with a throttle valve 52a for controlling the flow of the combustion air that has flowed through the reversing pipe 51, and an intake manifold 53. The reversing pipe 51 is connected to the intake silencer 50, disposed behind the engine body Ea and bent in a U-shape in a vertical plane (FIG. 5). The throttle device 52 is disposed above the engine body Ea. The intake manifold 53 is disposed between the reversing pipe 51 and the engine body Ea with respect to the longitudinal direction. The intake silencer 50 includes the lower case 50a (FIG. 2) covering the transmission mechanism 34, and an upper case 50b (FIG. 7) hermetically fastened to the lower case 50a with screws. The intake manifold 53 is disposed over and attached to both the right and left cylinder heads 3.

Referring to FIG. 7, the intake silencer 50 defines an intake silencing chamber including an upstream first silencing chamber 61 into which the intake air inlet Pi of the intake air passage P opens, and a second silencing chamber 65 on the downstream side of the first silencing chamber 61. The intake silencer 50 is an interior intake silencer located within the engine compartment 15, and the first and second silencing chambers 61 and 65 are interior silencing chambers provided within the engine compartment 15 to form a part of the intake air passage P.

Referring to FIG. 5, the reversing pipe 51 is a one-piece member and forms a first down passage 62 in which the combustion air coming from the first silencing chamber 61 flows down, a first reversing passage 63 in which the flowing direction of the combustion air that has flowed down through the first down passage 62 is reversed in a vertical plane such that the combustion air flows upward, and an up passage 64 in which the combustion air coming from the first reversing passage 63 flows upward. As shown in FIG. 2, the throttle device 52 forms a throttle passage 66 in which the throttle valve 52a is disposed. The combustion air that has flowed through the up passage 64 and the second silencing chamber 65 (FIG. 7) flows into the throttle passage 66. The intake manifold 53 forms a manifold passage 67 (FIG. 2) having a pair of distribution chambers, namely, a second down passage through which the combustion air that has been metered by the throttle valve 52a and has flowed through the throttle passage 66 flows down. The opening of the throttle valve 52a is controlled by a throttle operating mechanism. The combustion air that has flowed through the manifold passage 67 flows through the intake air outlets Pe (FIG. 5) of the intake air passage P, and the intake ports 31 of the engine body Ea into the combustion chambers 30.

The first silencing chamber 61 is defined by the first intake silencer formed by only the upper case 50b right above the engine body Ea and the transmission mechanism 33 and forms an upstream part of the intake air passage P. As shown in FIG. 3, the first silencing chamber 61 has an inlet part 61a defined by a cylindrical intake duct 54, an outlet part 61b connecting with an inlet part 62a of the first down passage 62, and an expansion chamber 61c of a passage area greater than those of the inlet part 61a and the outlet part 61b. As shown in FIG. 2, the cylindrical intake duct 54 extends upward through the top wall 14a of the upper cover 14 into the first space 42a. Thus the intake duct 54 or the inlet part 61a extends between the exterior of the engine compartment 15 and the interior of the same.

The inlet part 61a has the intake air inlet Pi. The intake air inlet Pi does not open into the engine compartment 15 and opens into the first space 42a which is outside the engine compartment 15. Referring FIGS. 6 and 7, the intake duct 54 through which the combustion air from the first space 42a flows down, and a receiving ring 14b formed integrally with the upper cover 14 and receiving an end part of the intake duct 54 overlap each other with respect to a flowing direction F in which the combustion air flows to form an overlapping part W. The overlapping part W is provided with an annular sealing member 55 to seal the gap between the engine compartment 15 and the first space 42a. The intake duct 54 extends upward through the receiving ring 14b into the first space 42a.

The sealing member 55 has a base 55a hermetically engaged with the receiving ring 14b defining a circular opening for receiving the intake duct 54, and annular, flexible lips 55b extending from the base 55a toward the intake duct 54 and in close contact with the outside surface of the intake duct 54. In this embodiment the number of the flexible lips 55b is three. The flexible lips 55b are arranged in the flowing direction F.

The sealing function of the sealing member 55 becomes effective when the upper cover 14 is put from above on the intake system N attached to the engine body Ea fixed to the mount case 10, and the end part of the intake duct 54 is received in the receiving ring 14b to form the overlapping part W.

Referring also to FIG. 2, the upper cover 14 is guided by the locking devices 16 and moves to its working position where the upper cover 14 is joined to the lower cover 13 before the overlapping part W is formed, and the receiving ring 14b receives the end part of the intake duct 54 to form the overlapping part W. More concretely, the locking devices 16 guide the upper cover 14 toward the lower cover 13 when the upper cover 14 is moved to join the same to the lower cover 13 fixed to the engine body Ea such that the axis of the receiving ring 14b of the upper cover 14 is aligned with the vertical axis of the intake duct 54 of the intake system N attached to the cylinder block 1, and the receiving ring 14b moves vertically toward the intake duct 54 along the vertical axis of the intake duct 54. Thus the overlapping part W is formed and the sealing member 55 is closely engaged with the intake duct 54 and the receiving ring 14b when the upper cover 14 is joined to the lower cover 13.

Thus the intake duct 54 cooperates with the receiving ring 14a of the upper cover 14 of the intake silencer 40s to form a separable connecting structure so that the intake silencer 40s can be detachably connected to the intake system N. The detachable connecting structure includes the overlapping part W and the sealing member 55.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 5, the first down passage 62 formed at the rear of the engine body Ea has an inlet part 62a connected to the outlet part 61b at a position above the engine body Ea, and a vertical down part 62c of a cross-sectional area greater than that of the inlet part 62a. The combustion air flowing substantially horizontally rearward through the outlet part 61b and the inlet part 62a flows downward through the down part 62c

The up passage 64 formed at the rear of the engine body Ea has an outlet part 64b at substantially the same position as the inlet part 62a with respect to the vertical direction, and a vertical up part 64c of a cross-sectional area greater than that of the outlet part 64.

The up passage 64 and the first down passage 62 are substantially symmetrical with respect to a vertical plane containing the center axis Le of the crankshaft 7 and perpendicular to the lateral direction on the outboard motor S.

The reversing passage 63 formed at the rear of the engine body Ea reverses the flowing direction of the combustion air flowing downward at a position overlapping the engine body Ea with respect to the vertical direction to make the combustion air flow upward. A drain passage 68 is connected to a bottom part of the reversing pipe 51 so as to communicate with a bottom part 63d of the reversing passage 63. The drain passage 68 opens into the engine compartment 15 in the flowing direction of the combustion air in the bottom part 63d. The drain passage 68 is provided with a one-way valve 68e (FIG. 5) that is opened by the weight of water collected in the bottom part 63d to permit only discharging the water into the engine compartment 15. The one-way valve 68e, similarly to the one-way valve 49c, is a reed valve.

The first down passage 62, the reversing passage 63 and the up passage 64 form a U-shaped passage as viewed in a longitudinal direction. The U-shaped passage extending down from the inlet part 62a above the upper end of the engine body Ea to the lower end of the engine body Ea, curves in an upwardly concave U-shape and extends upward to the outlet part 64b above the upper end of the engine body Ea. The combustion air flowing through the intake air passage P flows downward first, and then flows upward between the first silencing chamber 61 and the second silencing chamber 65. The first down passage 62, the reversing passage 63 and the up passage 64 form a water separating unit. Water contained in combustion chamber is separated from the combustion air by centrifugal force while the combustion air is flowing through the reversing passage 63. Therefore, the first silencing chamber 61 and the second silencing chamber 65 are disposed on the upstream side and the downstream side, respectively, of the water separating unit.

Referring to FIG. 3, the second silencing chamber 65 of the second intake silencer is made up of the lower case 50a and the upper case 50 and is disposed right above the engine body Ea and the transmission mechanisms 33 and 34. The second silencing chamber 65 has an inlet part 65a connected to the outlet part 64b, an outlet part 65b connected to the throttle passage 66, and an expansion part 65c of a cross-sectional area greater than those of the inlet part 65a and the outlet part 65b.

Referring to FIG. 8, the expansion chamber 65c is divided by a partition wall 56 extending downward and forward from the upper case 50b into a front passage 65c1 through tending downward and forward from the upper case 50b into a front passage 65c1 through which the combustion air from the inlet part 65a flows forward, a reversing part 65c2 (FIG. 3) in which the flowing direction of the combustion air is reversed, and a rear passage 65c3 through which the combustion air flows rearward to the outlet part 65b. Thus the second silencing chamber 65 serves as a second reversing passage for reversing the flowing direction of the combustion gas flowing in the forward direction in a horizontal plane. The partition wall 56 is formed integrally with a separator wall 92 and is attached to the intake silencer 50.

A flame arrester 57 is disposed on the upstream side of the outlet part 65b. The flame arrestor 57 is provided with a wire net that plays a quenching function when back fire occurs.

The throttle device 52 has a throttle body 52b defining the throttle passage 66 and connected by a flexible conduit 58 to the outlet part 65b. The throttle valve 52a is disposed in the intake air passage P on the downstream side of the up passage 64 and on the upstream side of the second down passage 67. Thus the throttle valve 52a is on the downstream side of the water separating unit. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, in the intake air passage P, the outlet part 61b, namely, an inlet passage having an upstream end connecting with the inlet part 62a of the first down passage 62, and the inlet part 65a, namely, an outlet passage having a downstream end connecting with the outlet part 64b of the up passage 64 are on the opposite sides, respectively, of the throttle device 52 as seen in plan view. The inlet parts 62a and 65a, and the outlet parts 61b and 64b are substantially horizontal passages.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 5, the manifold passage 67, namely, an outlet part of the intake air passage P, has an inlet part 67a into which the combustion air from the throttle passage 66 flows, a pair of distribution chambers 67c separated by a partition wall 53a, branching off from the inlet part 67a and respectively corresponding to the banks 1b and 1c (FIG. 3), and three runner passages 67b branching off from each of the distribution chambers 67c. The partition wall 53a is provided with shutoff valves 53b that opens or closes depending on engine speed. The shutoff valves 53b close to disconnect the distribution chambers 67c while engine speed is in a low speed range to improve volumetric efficiency by resonance supercharge. The shutoff valves 53b open to connect the distribution chambers 67c while engine speed is in a high speed range to improve volumetric efficiency by inertia supercharge.

Each of the runner passages 67b has an intake air outlet Pe at its downstream end. In the manifold passage 67, the combustion air flows from the distribution chambers 67c through the runner passages 67b and the intake ports 31 into the combustion chambers 30. In FIG. 5, the manifold passage 67 is indicated by broken lines, and the intake ports 31 and the combustion chambers 30 are indicated by chain lines for convenience. The upper end of the up passage 64 is at a level higher than that of the uppermost intake air outlet Pe1 at the highest position among the intake air outlets Pe.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, the intake air passage P extends continuously from the intake air inlet Pi to the intake air outlets Pe in the engine compartment 15. The intake air passage P has the first silencing chamber 61, the first down passage 62, the reversing passage 63, the up passage 64, the second silencing chamber 65, the throttle passage 66 and the distribution chambers 67c, namely, down passages, arranged in that order from the upstream end to the downstream end. The combustion air taken in through the air inlet 44, the first space 42a and the intake air inlet Pi flows down through the duct 54, flows rearward in a horizontal plane through the expansion part 61c, flows rearward through the outlet part 61b and the inlet part 62a in a horizontal plane, flows down through the down part 62c, the flowing direction of the combustion air is reversed by the reversing passage 63 so that the combustion air flows upward through the up part 64c to a position at a level higher than that of the uppermost intake air outlet Pe1, flows forward in a horizontal plane through the outlet part 61b and the inlet part 65a, flows rearward through the second silencing chamber 65, flows rearward in a horizontal plane through the outlet part 65b and the throttle passage 66, and flows down through the distribution chambers 67c. Then the combustion air flows through the intake air outlets Pe of the runner passages 67b and the intake ports 31 into the combustion chambers 30.

The ventilation system 70 for carrying air in the second space 42b as ventilating air into the engine compartment 15 is disposed behind the engine body Ea and near the cylinder head 3. The ventilation system 70 includes the ventilation duct 71 defining an inlet passage 76 (FIG. 5) having an air inlet 75 (FIG. 6), and guide ducts 72 (FIGS. 3 and 5) defining right and left guide passages 77 on the laterally opposite sides, respectively, of the first down passage 62 and the up passage 64. Each of the guide passages 77 has an air outlet 78 opening downward in the engine compartment 15 at a position corresponding to the engine body Ea and the reversing passage 63 with respect to the vertical direction. The guide ducts 72 is attached to brackets 73 (FIG. 3) fastened to the head cover 4.

The ventilation air that has flowed down through the guide passages 77 into the engine compartment 15 cools the engine body Ea, the intake system N and the exhaust manifold 25 installed in the engine compartment 15. Then, most part of the ventilation air is sucked as cooling air into the alternator G attached to a brackets 2a (FIG. 1) fastened to the crankcase 2 on the front end of the engine body Ea. The ventilation system N and the alternator G are disposed at the rear and the front end, respectively, of the engine body Ea. The engine body Ea is cooled substantially entirely by the ventilation air that flows forward from behind the engine body Ea. Thus the ventilation air used efficiently as the cooling air flows into the alternator G.

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, the alternator G has the shaft 81 (FIG. 3) driven for rotation by the crankshaft 7, and a housing 82 housing a rotor fixedly mounted on the shaft 81 and a stator. The rotor is provided with cooling air blades (fan) for taking air into the housing 82. The housing 82 is provided with air inlets 83 through which cooling air taken by the fan flows into the housing 82, and air outlets 84 through which the cooling air used for cooling the alternator G is discharged from the housing 82. A louver 85 placed on the lower case 50a straightens the flow of the ventilation air. The straightened ventilation air flows through the air inlets 83 into the housing 82.

Exhaust air discharged through the air exit 47 flows scarcely into the engine compartment 15, is guided by an exhaust air guide structure 90 (FIG. 2) to the exhaust structure Ae, and then is discharged to the outside of the outboard motor S.

Referring to FIGS. 2, 3 and 6 to 8, the exhaust air guide structure 90 includes an exhaust air duct 91 (FIG. 2) defining an exhaust air passage 95 (FIG. 3) surrounding the air exit 47 to guide exhaust air to a predetermined position from which the exhaust air is hardly able to flow again through the air inlets 83 into the housing 82 of the alternator G. The exhaust air guide structure 90 also includes a separator wall 92 for separating the exhaust air duct 91 extending down from the upper case 50b through the intake silencer 50, from the second silencing chamber 65. A condition where the exhaust air is carried to the predetermined position can more effectively suppress or prevent the flow of the exhaust air again through the air inlets 83 into the housing 82 than a condition without the exhaust air duct 91. In this embodiment, the predetermined position is in the air exhaust space 43 (FIG. 6) outside the engine compartment 15, and the exhaust air passage has an outlet 95b opening into the air exhaust space 43. A heat insulating space 96 (FIG. 3) defined by the separator wall 92 and the upper case 50b is formed between the exhaust air passage 95 and the second silencing chamber 65, and the exhaust air duct 91 is made to extend in the heat insulating space 96. Since the heat insulating space 96 is formed between the exhaust air passage 95 and the second silencing chamber 65, the combustion air flowing through the second silencing chamber 65 is prevented or suppressed from being heated by the heat of exhaust air from the alternator G.

The alternator G serves also as an exhaust fan that discharges the ventilation air passing through the engine compartment 15 to the outside of the engine compartment 15 in a manner separated from the combustion air.

The operation and effect of the foregoing embodiment will be explained.

The intake air passage P of the internal combustion engine E incorporated into the outboard motor S extends continuously from the intake air inlet Pi to the intake air outlets Pe in the engine compartment 15. The intake air passage P has the first down passage 62, the reversing passage 63, the up passage 64 and the distribution chambers 67c arranged in that order in the flowing direction of the combustion air. The combustion air taken through the intake air inlet Pi into the intake air passage P flows down through the first down passage 62, the flowing direction of the combustion air is reversed by the reversing passage 63 so that the combustion air flows upward, and then the combustion air flows up through the up passage 64 to a position at a level higher than that of the intake air outlet Pe1 at the highest position among the intake air outlets Pe, flows down through the distribution chambers 67c, and then flows through the intake air outlets Pe into the combustion chambers 30. Therefore, water contained in the combustion air that has flowed through the intake air inlet Pi into the intake air passage P is separated from the combustion air by centrifugal force as the combustion air flows through the curved reversing passage 63. The combustion air that has passed through the reversing passage 63 flows to the position at the level higher than that of the intake air outlet P31 at the highest position among the intake air outlets P3. The combustion air flows down through the distribution chambers 67c and flows through the intake air outlets Pe into the combustion chambers 30. Thus water can be surely separated from the combustion air while the combustion air is flowing up through the up passage 64 after the flowing direction of the combustion air has been reversed, as compared with a state where the combustion air flows out through intake air outlets formed in intermediate parts of the up passage below the upper end of the up passage. Consequently, the water trapping effect is improved. When the intake air passage P is provided with the plural intake air outlets Pe, the water trapping effect of the air intake air passage P is satisfactory with all the combustion chambers 30 regardless of the positions of the intake air outlets Pe.

The intake air inlet Pi does not open into the engine compartment 15 and opens directly into the air intake space 42 outside the engine compartment 15. Therefore, hot air heated in the engine compartment 15 does not flow through the intake air inlet Pi into the intake air passage P. Thus the rise of the temperature of the combustion air can be suppressed, the charging efficiency is improved, and the generation of noise by the engine cover C due to intake pulsation can be prevented because the pressure of air in the engine compartment is not caused to vary by the intake pulsation.

The throttle valve 52a of the intake system N is disposed in the intake air passage P on the downstream side of the up passage 64 or the water separating unit and on the upstream side of the distribution chambers 67c. Since the throttle valve 52a controls the flow of the combustion air from which water has been separated in the reversing passage 63 and the up passage 64, the throttle valve 52a is prevented from being wetted with water. When the combustion air contains salt water, adhesion of salt to the throttle valve 52a can be prevented.

In the intake air passage P, the inlet part 62a of the first down passage 62 or the outlet part 61b, and the outlet part 61b of the up passage 64 or the inlet part 65a are on the opposite sides, respectively, of the throttle valve 52a or the throttle device 52 as seen in plan view. Thus the throttle valve 52a or the throttle device 52 is disposed in the space between the inlet part 62a or the outlet part 61b, and the outlet part 64b or the inlet part 65a. Therefore, the throttle valve 52a or the throttle device 52, and the intake air passage P can be formed in a compact arrangement. The down part 62c of the first down passage 62 and the up part 64c of the up passage 64 can be formed in increased widths and large cross-sectional areas, respectively, by using the space, whereby the water separating effect is enhanced by reducing the flowing speed of the combustion air in the down part 62c of the flow passage 62. An expansion silencing function can be imparted to the first down passage 62, the reversing passage 63 and the up passage 64, which contributes to reducing intake noise.

The intake silencer of the outboard motor S including the first silencing chamber 61 and the second silencing chamber 65 disposed respectively on the upstream and the downstream side of the water separating unit has an excellent intake noise reducing effect.

The intake air passage P is a passage within the engine compartment 15, extending continuously from the intake air inlet Pi to the intake air outlets Pe, and the intake silencing chamber 40r communicating with the intake air inlet Pi is disposed outside the engine compartment 15, while the intake silencing chamber 61 constituting part of the intake air passage P is disposed in the engine compartment 15. Thus the plural intake silencing chambers including the intake silencing chamber 40r and the intake silencing chamber 61 are arranged in such a disposition allotted in both the inside and outside of the engine compartment 15. This arrangement enables increasing the total number of the intake silencing chambers to be provided on the engine E without increasing the number of the intake silencing chambers in the engine compartment 15, thereby preventing the engine cover C from becoming enlarged in size and further reducing the intake noises due to the provision of the plural intake silencing chambers. Thus a small-sized outboard motor having a low intake noise level can be obtained.

The intake duct 54 extends through the top wall 14a of the upper cover 14 into the first space 42a. The extension of the intake duct 54 into the first space 42a enables arrangement of the intake silencing chambers 40r and 61 in mutually adjacent disposition in vertical direction with the top wall 14a of the upper cover 14 disposed between the two silencing chambers, so that the intake silencing chambers 40r and 61 can be arranged in vertically compact disposition. Thus the intake silencing chambers 40r and the engine E can also be arranged in compact disposition, serving to reduce the size of the outboard motor S.

The intake silencing chambers 40r is formed by the intake silencing chambers 40s, the inlet part 61a of the first silencing chamber 61 is formed by the intake duct 54, and the intake duct 54 cooperates with the intake silencer 40s to form the separable connecting structure so that the intake silencer 40s can be separably connected with the intake system N or the intake silencer 50. Thus the intake silencer 40s is separable from the intake silencing chambers 40r in the intake duct 54, whereby it is easy for the intake silencing chambers 40r and 61 to be separated with resultant improvement in maintenance work.

The separable connecting structure includes the sealing member 55 that provides a hermetical seal between the exterior and interior of the engine compartment 15, so that intake pulsation within the intake air passage P is prevented from being transmitted to the air in the engine compartment 15. Thus vibrations of the engine cover C due to air pressure variations in the engine compartment 15 that is caused by the intake pulsation are prevented with resultant reduction in the level of noises of the engine cover C that are produced by the intake pulsation.

The intake air inlet Pi of the intake duct 54 of the intake system N is connected to the first space 42a of the air intake space 42, and the sealing member 55 placed in the overlapping part W where the receiving ring 14b of the upper cover 14 and the end part of the intake duct 54 overlap each other with respect to the flowing direction F in which the combustion air flows to seal the gap between the engine compartment 15 and the external space. Therefore, even if the intake duct 54 and the receiving ring 14b vibrate and move relative to each other in directions parallel to the flowing direction F, the gap between the intake duct 54 and the engine cover C can be sealed by the sealing member 55 by forming the intake duct 54 and the receiving ring 14b in sizes such that the overlapping part W can be formed. Thus the components of the sealing structure do not need to be formed in high dimensional accuracy and the sealing performance of the sealing structure is scarcely subject to vibrations. Since the gap between the intake duct 54 and the engine cover C can be stably sealed, noise generation by the engine cover C due to intake pulsation can be surely prevented.

The engine cover C includes the lower cover 13 fixed to the engine body Ea holding the intake system N, and the upper cover 14 which is guided by the locking device 16 serving as positioning devices to the joining position and detachably joined to the lower cover 13. The sealing member 55 is put on the receiving ring 14b. The upper cover 14 provided with the receiving ring 14b is guided toward the lower cover 13 by the locking devices 16, and the intake duct 54 is received in the receiving ring 16b to form the overlapping part W upon the arrival of the upper cover 14 at the joining position. Thus the locking devices 16 guide the upper cover 14 toward the lower cover 13 to join the upper cover 14 to the lower cover 13 to position the receiving ring 14b of the upper cover 14 at the position for forming the overlapping part W, the overlapping part W is formed by guiding the upper cover 14 by the locking device 16 to the joining position. When the overlapping part W is thus formed, the sealing member 55 comes into close contact with the intake duct 54 and the receiving ring 14b to complete a sealing structure. Thus the sealing structure can be easily formed.

In the engine compartment 15 of the outboard motor S, the shaft 81 of the alternator G is disposed with its center axis Lg spaced the predetermined center distance d apart from the center axis Le of the crankshaft 7. The exhaust air duct 91 surrounds the outlets 84 of the housing 82 of the alternator G and carries the exhaust air to the predetermined air exhaust space 43 from which the exhaust air is hardly able to flow again through the air inlets 83 into the housing 82. Therefore, it is prevented for the exhaust air, which is discharged from the alternator G and has scarcely undergone temperature drop, to flow again into the alternator G. For this reason, the alternator G disposed in the engine compartment 15 and having the shaft 81 at the center distance d from the output shaft of the internal combustion engine E can be efficiently cooled.

The exhaust air duct 91 carries the exhaust air to the air exhaust space 43 outside the engine compartment 15. Therefore, heating the combustion air by the exhaust air can be suppressed to suppress the reduction of the charging efficiency.

The ventilation air and the combustion air flow separately into the engine compartment 15, and the alternator G serves as an exhaust fan for discharging the ventilation air to the outside of the engine compartment 15. Since the alternator G serves also as the exhaust fan, an exhaust fan especially for ventilation is unnecessary. Thus the engine compartment 15 can be efficiently ventilated without requiring additional parts, and the internal combustion engine E, devices and the members installed in the engine compartment 15 can be efficiently cooled. Since the ventilation air and the combustion air flow separately into the engine compartment 15, the flow of the combustion air taken in by the intake system N will not be affected by the ventilation air even if ventilation is promoted.

Modifications of the foregoing embodiment will be described.

The above described embodiment is provided with one intake silencer outside the engine compartment. However, more than two intake silencers could be provided outside the engine compartment. Further, the intake silencer having the intake silencing chambers could be made detachable from the intake system or the engine together with the engine cover.

The intake duct does not extend through the receiving ring. When the receiving ring is cylindrical, the intake duct may be fitted on the receiving ring. When the intake duct is fitted on the receiving ring, the sealing member may be held between the inside surface of the intake duct and the outside surface of the receiving ring.

The sealing member 55 may be combined with at least either of the intake duct 54 and the receiving ring 14b.

The internal combustion engine E may be an in-line multicylinder internal combustion engine or a single-cylinder internal combustion engine. When a single-cylinder internal combustion engine has a single intake air outlet, the single intake air outlet corresponds to the uppermost intake air outlet.

The internal combustion engine may be applied to marine propulsion machines (for example, inboard or outboard) or machines other than the marine propulsion machines, such as vehicles and working machines.

Internal combustion engine and outboard motor provided with the same

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CPC

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Priority Claims (1)