This disclosure relates to internal combustion engines, in particular an internal combustion engine with more complete expansion of the combustion gases.
An internal combustion engine operates at relatively low efficiency. One indicator of this is the relatively high temperature and pressure of exhaust gases at the output indicating a significant amount of energy from the combustion process is being lost.
One attempt at increasing the efficiency of an internal combustion engine is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,553,977.
An improved internal combustion engine is described that has improved thermodynamic efficiency. The engine includes a second expansion cylinder adjacent to a first cylinder (also referred to as a power cylinder) in which the combustion occurs. In addition to acting on the piston in the first cylinder, combustion gases from the first cylinder are directed to the expansion cylinder to act on the piston in the expansion cylinder. The expansion cylinder has a larger bore (i.e. larger diameter piston) and a longer stroke than the first cylinder. In addition, the expansion cylinder includes a check valve that is designed to automatically open to vent the expansion chamber if a negative pressure develops due to the varying amount of combustion gases at various speeds.
In one embodiment, the expansion cylinder and the first cylinder are in phase with each other (e.g. about 0 degrees). The phase angle between the first cylinder and the expansion cylinder can be any angle one finds suitable. The first cylinder is part of a standard modern internal combustion engine.
The engine can operate on any type of fuel used in combustion engines, including but not limited to gasoline or diesel fuel.
The output of the expansion cylinder can be connected to any energy conversion device. For example, the piston in the expansion cylinder can be connected to the same crankshaft as the first cylinder. Alternatively, the piston in the expansion cylinder can be connected to a separate crank shaft that in turn is used to drive a pump, an electrical generator, or any other energy conversion device.
With a four stroke engine, two power cylinders can be connected to one expansion cylinder.
As discussed further below, an engine is described where combustion/exhaust gas of a first cylinder (or power cylinder) is directed into an expansion cylinder that has a larger bore and a larger stroke. The engine is more thermodynamically efficient and has more complete expansion of the combustion gases than the first cylinder operating by itself.
With reference initially to
As is conventional, the area of the cylinder 12 above the piston 18 defines a compression/combustion/expansion chamber 28. An air and fuel mixture is introduced into the chamber 28 via a conventional inlet valve 30. The cylinder 12 described so far is conventional in construction and operation.
The cylinder 12 also includes an exhaust valve 32 through which combustion/exhaust gases from the chamber 28 can be discharged to an exhaust passage 34. The exhaust passage 34 is fluidly connected to the expansion cylinder 14 to direct combustion/exhaust gas from the first cylinder 12 to the expansion cylinder 14.
The expansion cylinder 14 includes a cylindrical bore 40 having a second diameter D2 that is larger than the first diameter D1. A piston 42 is slidably disposed within the cylinder 14 and is sealed with the sidewall of the bore via conventional sealing rings 44. A piston shaft 46 is attached to and extends downwardly from the piston 42, with the end of the piston shaft 46 connected to one or more crank arms 48.
The crank arm(s) 48 has a length L2 as measured from the axis A-A which is larger than L1. As a result, the cylinder 14 has a stroke length (2×L2) that is larger than the stroke length (2×L1) of the cylinder 12.
In one embodiment illustrated in
The area of the cylinder 14 above the piston 42 defines an expansion chamber 52 into which combustion/exhaust gas from the passage 34 is input and acts on the piston 42. No compression or combustion occurs in the cylinder 14. Instead, combustion/exhaust gas from the combustion occurring in the cylinder 12, in addition to driving the piston 18, is used to drive the piston 42 in the expansion cylinder 14. Thus, there is more complete expansion of the combustion/exhaust gases from the combustion that occurs in the cylinder 12.
The stroke of the piston 42 can be converted into any suitable form of useful energy. For example, as shown in
The cylinder 14 also includes an exhaust valve 50 that exhausts gases from the chamber 52 after driving the piston 42.
It has been found that a negative pressure can develop in the expansion chamber 52 during operation which can stall the engine 10. To prevent this from occurring, a check valve 54 is provided on the cylinder 14 in a vent passage 55 that places the expansion chamber in fluid communication with atmosphere. A coil spring 56 biases the valve 54 upwardly to a normally closed position. The check valve 54 operates to automatically open when a negative pressure develops in the expansion chamber 52 such that the exterior pressure is greater than the pressure in the expansion chamber which forces the check valve 54 open thereby equalizing the pressure in the expansion chamber 52 with atmosphere. Once the pressure equalizes, the check valve 54 automatically closes.
In the embodiment in
The phase angle between the first cylinder and the second cylinder can be any angle that one finds to be suitable.
The examples disclosed in this application are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not limitative. The scope of the invention is indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description; and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are intended to be embraced therein.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2791881 | Denker | May 1957 | A |
4159699 | McCrum | Jul 1979 | A |
4159700 | McCrum | Jul 1979 | A |
4619228 | Liu | Oct 1986 | A |
5056471 | Van Husen | Oct 1991 | A |
5072589 | Schmitz | Dec 1991 | A |
6202416 | Gray, Jr. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
6393841 | Van Husen | May 2002 | B1 |
6553977 | Schmitz | Apr 2003 | B2 |
7121236 | Scuderi et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
7806102 | Hu | Oct 2010 | B2 |
7950358 | Hu | May 2011 | B2 |
7975485 | Zhao et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
8082892 | Zhao et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
20040099887 | Hazelton | May 2004 | A1 |
20040123821 | Hu | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20100012058 | Hu | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100012082 | Hu | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100018479 | Hu | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20100018480 | Hu | Jan 2010 | A1 |
20120192841 | Meldolesi et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
61-210231 | Sep 1986 | JP |
Entry |
---|
http://www.ilmor.co.uk/concept—5-stoke—1.php; Ilmor Engineering, 5-Stroke Concept Engine, Jul. 2012 (2 pages). |
Phillips et al.: “Scuderi Split Cycle Research Engine: Overview, Architecture and Operation”; SAE International, J. Fuels Lubr, vol. 4, Issue 1, Apr. 2011, pp. 450-466. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20140261299 A1 | Sep 2014 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61782143 | Mar 2013 | US |