This project will develop industry purchasing power parity (PPP) for research and development (R&D) at the detailed sector level for several OECD countries. Development of PPPs for the service sector will also be explored. The construction of the R&D PPPs will utilize national source data coupled with follow-up interviews with R&D firms to validate and improve the results. These PPPs will be used with newly created PPPs at the industrial sector output level to construct metrics of effort, efficiency, and competitiveness.