Patent Application
20090136909
The present invention contains subject matter related to Japanese Patent Application JP 2007-305956 filed in the Japanese Patent Office on Nov. 27, 2007, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an interpersonal relationship evaluation device for performing interpersonal relationship evaluations based on the information of distance between users, and a method thereof, and an interpersonal relationship evaluation system configured of two or more terminal devices and a server device, and the terminal devices thereof.
2. Description of the Related Art
There has been available a technique for calculating interpersonal relationship evaluation values for evaluating interpersonal relationship objectively quantitatively based on the behavior history of each user to be observed.
For example, with Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-131748, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-327156, a technique has been disclosed wherein wireless tags carried by users, and a reading device thereof are employed to record the behavior history (movement course) of each user, and evaluate relations between the respective users based on the history information thereof. For example, determination is made based on movement trajectories whether or not a certain user moves on the same course as another user simultaneously, thereby recognizing friendly relationship between the users.
Now, as disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-131748, and Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-327156 (particularly, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-327156), physical distance between users to be observed has been employed as an index at the time of evaluating interpersonal relationship.
Specifically, with the above-mentioned Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-327156, there has been disclosed a technique for obtaining the position information of each user at each point in time, obtaining a mean value of distance between users during a certain period based on the result thereof, and determining whether or not this mean value is equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold, thereby determining whether or not the users have friendly relationship.
With a technique for obtaining a mean value of distance such as described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-327156, the longer a period wherein a user to be observed is in the neighborhood is, the better a value is obtained. That is to say, an evaluation value itself is for obtaining “distance”, but with this technique, time length wherein a user to be observed is in the neighborhood is regarded as a substantial evaluation index.
However, with such a technique for regarding time length as an evaluation index wherein a user to be observed is in the neighborhood, there is a possibility that, for example, co-workers of a company who are not very intimate have adjacent seats, which causes a misconception wherein they have very friendly relationship, and consequently, interpersonal relationship evaluation is performed incorrectly.
There has been recognized demand to enable interpersonal relationship evaluation to be performed more accurately, thereby preventing occurrence of a misconception regarding interpersonal relationship.
To this end, with an embodiment of the present invention, the following arrangement has been employed as an interpersonal relationship evaluation device.
Specifically, a computing unit is provided, which executes information obtaining processing for obtaining position information obtained over a plurality of points in time at each of two or more terminal devices, and evaluation value calculation processing for calculating a mean value of distance between the respective terminal devices with a point in time as a target wherein a predetermined condition holds, thereby obtaining the mean value thereof as an interpersonal relationship evaluation value regarding each terminal device user.
According to the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, a mean value of interpersonal distance is not calculated with all points in time of a period to be evaluated as a target, but calculated with only a point in time as a target wherein a predetermined condition holds.
Thus, a technique has been employed wherein a point in time to be evaluated for calculating a mean value of distance is narrowed down to only a point in time wherein a certain condition is satisfied, whereby an interpersonal relationship evaluation index can be prevented from being dependent on time length wherein a user to be observed is in the neighborhood. Thus, occurrence of a misconception regarding interpersonal relationship can be prevented effectively, such as occurrence of a misconception in the case of employing a technique according to the related art which regards time length wherein a user to be observed is in the neighborhood as an index.
Now, as described above, narrowing down points in time to be evaluated for calculating a mean value of distance to only a point in time wherein a certain condition is satisfied enables a mean value of distance between the respective users to be obtained in a state wherein a predetermined condition is satisfied. Thus, consequently, interpersonal relation can be evaluated based on the behavior (proximity tendency or alienation tendency) of each user under a situation wherein a certain condition is satisfied.
For example, if a condition is set as the above-mentioned predetermined condition wherein the state of each user to be evaluated is a state regarded as particular relationship (e.g., friends or lovers), interpersonal relationship can be evaluated based of the behavior of each user under such a situation regarded as particular relationship.
According to the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, points in time to be evaluated for calculating a mean value of interpersonal distance is narrowed down to a point in time wherein a certain condition is satisfied, whereby interpersonal relationship can be evaluated in a more accurate manner without being dependent on only time length wherein each user is in the neighborhood, such as a technique according to the related art.
Preferred embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described below.
In
The terminal devices 1 have portability, and are assumed to be employed outdoors. In the case of the first embodiment, the terminal devices 1 include, for example, a GPS (Global Positioning System) reception unit, thereby enabling detection of a current position. Also, the terminal devices 1 include, for example, a direction sensor, thereby enabling detection of directions where the terminal devices 1 direct. For example, the terminal devices 1 include an acceleration sensor, thereby enabling detection of gravitational acceleration to be applied to the terminal devices 1. Such a terminal device 1 can be configured as, for example, a cellular phone, PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), personal computer (a type having portability such as a note type or the like), audio player, digital camera, or the like.
Various types of information such as position information, direction information (direction which a user turns to), and acceleration information (behavior of a user) detected at the respective terminal devices 1 are transmitted to the server device 2 sequentially, and information regarding the current position, direction, and behavior for each of the terminal devices 1 is managed for each point in time. As described later, with the interpersonal relationship evaluation system 0 of the present example, the interpersonal relationship between terminal device 1 users is evaluated based on the information thus managed by the server device 2.
The system controller 11 is configured of a microcomputer including, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), nonvolatile memory unit, and interface unit, which is a control unit for controlling the overall of the terminal device 1.
The system controller 11 controls each unit within the terminal device 1 to execute requested operation based on an operation program stored in a storing unit, for example, such as the above-mentioned ROM.
Also, in the case of the present example, ID information (UID: User ID) assigned so as to be unique for each of the terminal devices 1 is stored in the internal ROM or nonvolatile memory of the system controller 11. Thus, unique ID information is stored in each of the terminal devices 1, thereby enabling discrimination of each of the terminal devices 1 at the server device 2 side.
The operating unit 12 is provided as an operable member such as a key, dial, or the like for allowing a user who employs the terminal device 1 to perform various types of operations. For example, power on/off operations, operations for instructing start of various types of operation, operations for various types of settings, and so forth can be performed. The system controller 11 performs predetermined control processing based on the operation information from the operating unit 12.
The position detecting unit 13 is configured so as to include, for example, a GPG reception unit, and detects the current position of the terminal device 1. In this case, the GPS reception unit receives electric waves from an unshown GPS satellite, and detects information of latitude (x here), longitude (y here), and altitude (z here) as the above-mentioned current position to output these to the system controller 11.
The storing unit 14 performs recording (storing) of various types of data, or playback (reading) of recorded data based on the control of the system controller 11.
The storing unit 14 may configured of solid-state memory such as RAM or flash memory or the like, e.g., may be configured of an HDD (Hard Disk Drive).
Alternatively, the storing unit 14 may be configured of a recording/playback drive compatible with a recording medium such as a portable recording medium, e.g., a memory card having solid-state memory built-in, optical disc, magneto-optical disk, hologram memory, or the like instead of a built-in recording medium. It goes without saying that both of built-in type memory such as solid-state memory, HDD, or the like, and a recording/playback drive corresponding to a portable recording medium may be implemented.
The communication unit 15 performs transmission/reception of data with an external device. A unit may be employed as the communication unit 15 as long as the unit is subjected to network connection by wireless to perform communication.
The direction detecting unit 16 is configured of, for example, a direction sensor (magnetic field sensor), which detects a direction (orientation) which the terminal device 1 turns to. Note that if we make a comment for the sake of confirmation, the terminal device 1 is a device carried by a user, and accordingly, the direction information detected by the direction detecting unit 16 can be handled as the information of a direction which the user turns to. The direction information detected by the direction detecting unit 16 is supplied to the system controller 11.
The behavior detecting unit 17 is configured of, for example, an acceleration sensor, which detects gravitational acceleration applied to the terminal device 1. The acceleration information detected by the behavior detecting unit 17 can be handled as information representing the behavior of a user. The acceleration information detected by the behavior detecting unit 17 is also supplied to the system controller 11.
The display unit 18 is configured of, for example, a display device such as a liquid crystal display or the like, which performs display of various types of information based on the control of the system controller 11.
The point-in-time measuring unit 22 measures the current point in time, for example, in a form of yyyy/mm/dd/hh/mm/ss, and outputs the obtained current point-in-time information to the control unit 21.
The storing unit 23 performs recording or playback of various types of data based on the control of the control unit 21.
Similarly, the storing unit 23 may be configured of solid-state memory such as RAM, flash memory, or the like, e.g., may be configured of an HDD (Hard Disk Drive). Alternatively, the storing unit 23 may be configured of a recording/playback drive compatible with a recording medium such as a portable recording medium, e.g., a memory card having solid-state memory built-in, optical disc, magneto-optical disk, hologram memory, or the like instead of a built-in recording medium. Alternatively, both of built-in type memory such as solid-state memory, HDD, or the like, and a recording/playback drive corresponding to a portable recording medium may be implemented.
With the present example, the storing unit 23 is employed as a storing unit of accumulation information for distance calculation 23a.
Now, description will be made regarding the accumulation information for distance calculation 23a with reference to the next
As shown in
The UID is unique ID information stored in each of the terminal devices 1 in the way described above. That is to say, with the server device 2 (control unit 21), according to the accumulation information for distance calculation 23a having a structure such as shown in this drawing, for each of the terminal devices 1, information of current position, direction, and acceleration (behavior) thereof can be managed for each point in time wherein such information was obtained.
Note that description will be made later regarding accumulation processing of such accumulation information for distance calculation 23a including obtaining of various types of information from each of the terminal devices 1.
Now, description will return to
With the interpersonal relationship evaluation system 0 according to the present embodiment, evaluation is performed regarding interpersonal relationship between the respective users of the terminal devices 1. In this case, interpersonal relationship evaluation values are obtained with a certain user X as reference regarding interpersonal relationship from the user X to each of other users. That is to say, with interpersonal relationship evaluation, it is fundamental to perform interpersonal relationship evaluation regarding interpersonal relationship from a target person to each of others.
Description will be mad below regarding an interpersonal relationship evaluation method according to the first embodiment with reference to
Note that description will be made below regarding a two person's relation between a user X (self, meaning the first person from the perspective from the primary user regarding which description is being made, referred to simply as “self” regardless of common English expressions for the sake of simplicity in the description) and a user A (partner) for convenience of explanation.
First, with the present embodiment, it is assumed that a condition setting will be performed for selecting a state to be evaluated for calculating an evaluation value. Specifically, with the first embodiment, it is assumed that conditions will be set regarding a range set with the user X self as reference, behavior (motion) of the users X and A, and a placement state of the users X and A.
First, description will be made regarding a target range setting method with reference to
Such a target range setting is based on social distance concept of noncontact animals according to ethology. That is to say, even if interpersonal distance becomes an interpersonal relationship evaluation index, in a case wherein a partner is apart from the self by distance exceeding distance wherein the existence of the partner can be felt, interpersonal relationship does not depend on the distance of each person. Therefore, with the self as reference, a predetermined range is set wherein the existence of the partner can be felt such as described above, and a state wherein the partner exists within the range thereof is a target to be evaluated for calculating an evaluation value.
Now, such a target range can be set, for example, as a range within radius predetermined distance with the self's position as reference, but with the present embodiment, a target range is set so as to change distance depending on an angle θ with a direction which the self turns to as reference based on the distance concept wherein the partner can be felt has anisotropy similar to personal space of space behavior.
In
Such a target range can be set based on the position information and direction information obtained from the terminal device 1 carried by the user X. That is to say, if the position and direction are thus determined, determination is made whether to dispose the target range according to the angle θ, as described above, with the front direction which the user turns to as reference to which position in which shape.
As described above, a target to be evaluated for calculating an evaluation value is narrowed down to a state wherein the partner exists within the target range, whereby calculation of an evaluation value can be prevented from being performed with a state wherein existence of the partner is not felt, i.e., a state wherein no influence is applied to interpersonal relationship as a target, and accordingly, more accurate interpersonal relationship evaluation can be performed.
Also, with the present embodiment, condition settings based on the behavior of each user are performed.
Specifically, “resting”, “walking”, and “running” are defined as the patterns of a user's behavior, and a state wherein both to be observed perform the same pattern of behavior is taken as a target to be evaluated for calculating an evaluation value.
For example, even if a person to be observed exists within the above-mentioned target range, in the case of passing through near a person who is simply resting, it can be estimated that the relationship of both is not so intimate. Accordingly, an evaluation value is calculated with a state wherein the behavior patterns of both are synchronized as a target.
Specifically, determination whether or not the patterns of behavior are synchronized can be performed based on acceleration information. In a case wherein a user act carrying the terminal device 1 for detecting acceleration such as the present example, acceleration waveform patterns upon which the respective states of “resting”, “walking”, and “running” are reflected are obtained, respectively. Accordingly, the acceleration waveform patterns obtained from the respective terminal devices 1 carried by the respective users to be observed are determined whether to match the above-mentioned classifications of “resting”, “walking”, and “running”, whereby determination can be made whether or not the behavior patterns of the respective users to be observed are synchronized.
At this time, as described above, as a specific technique for determining whether or not the behavior patterns of both are matched with the classifications of “resting”, “walking”, and “running”, a technique can be employed wherein determination is made whether or not the acceleration waveform pattern is matched with which waveform pattern defined as “resting”, “walking”, and “running” for each user, and determination is made whether or not mutually the same behavior pattern has been determined.
Also, with the present embodiment, further a condition regarding a placement state of the users to be observed is also set. Specifically, in this case, in order to obtain the interpersonal relationship evaluation value as to the user A (partner) from the user X (self), a case wherein the self's placement state as to the partner is a predetermined placement state is taken as a target to be evaluated for calculating an evaluation value.
Specifically, three of “horizontal array” (
Now, in the case of the present example, the distance concept is also applied to any placement state shown in
Specifically, when describing the condition of each placement state, first, with regard to “horizontal array” (
Now, the placement state in this case is conceived with the user X who is the self as reference, so determination can be made based on the direction which the user X self turns to, and the position relationship between the users X and A whether or not the user X is arrayed horizontally as to the user A. Specifically, as shown in the drawing, if a relation holds wherein the direction which the user X self turns to is generally orthogonal to the direction where the user A exists as viewed from the user X, the user X is in a state arrayed horizontally as to the user A.
Similarly, with regard to “facing” (
Also, with regard to “backside” (
Now, with “horizontal array” shown in
Also, with “facing” shown in
Also, with “backside” shown in
Description will be made specifically regarding the conditions of these placement states, and a method for determining whether or not the conditions hold.
First, let us say that the distance between both to be observed is obtained with the following Expression 1. In the following expression, let us say that both to be observed are the users X and A, (xx, yx, zx) represents the position of the user X, and (xA, yA, zA) represents the position of the user A, respectively.
d
XA=√{square root over ((xX−xA)2+(yX−yA)2+(zX−zA)2)}{square root over ((xX−xA)2+(yX−yA)2+(zX−zA)2)}{square root over ((xX−xA)2+(yX−yA)2+(zX−zA)2)} [Expression 1]
With regard to “horizontal array”,
α is a threshold for determining “horizontal array”, and
β is the limited distance of “horizontal array”, and the distance dXA obtained from the above-mentioned Expression 1, these α and β, and further a direction vector (solid line arrow in the drawing) and distance vector (dashed line arrow in the drawing) shown in
Now, the above-mentioned direction vector is equivalent to the direction which the user X who is the self turns to, and is obtained by normalizing the direction information obtained from the terminal device 1 carried by the user X. Also, the above-mentioned distance vector is equivalent to the direction from the position of the user X to the position of the user A, and is obtained based on the position information obtained from the terminal device 1 of the user A.
In this case, the direction vector and distance vector employ different information as a source, so values obtained by normalizing both are employed.
An inner product dp between the direction vector and distance vector is employed, whereby determination can be made whether or not the user X is in a state arrayed horizontally as to the user A. That is to say, if
dp<α,
determination can be made whether or not the user X is in a state horizontally arrayed as to the user A. Also, in this case, distance is also taken into consideration, so determination is made regarding whether or not the present state is a “horizontal array” state by determining regarding whether or not the following conditions hold.
dp<α and dXA<β
Similarly, determination is made whether or not conditions regarding “facing” and “backside” hold.
With regard to “facing”, a state wherein the self turns to the direction where the partner exists can be included. That is to say, a value including such a state can be set as a threshold for determining “facing”. Specifically, in this case, let us say that
0.5 is a threshold for determining “facing”, and
γ is the limited distance of “facing”,
determination is made regarding whether or not the following conditions hold.
dp<0.5 and dXA<γ
Also, with regard to “backside”, a state wherein the self turns to the opposite direction of the direction where the partner exists can be included, and in this case, let us say that
−0.5 is a threshold for determining “backside”, and
δ is the limited distance of “backside”,
determination is made regarding whether or not the following conditions hold.
dp<−0.5 and dXA<δ
In
As shown in
Specifically, determination regarding whether or not each condition is matched is performed for each point in time based on the position information, direction information, and acceleration information obtained for each point in time from each of the terminal devices 1. Subsequently, as a result of such determination for each point in time, i.e., a point in time wherein each condition has been determined to be matched is set as a point in time to be evaluated for calculation, and a mean value of the distance dXA between the users X and A at each point in time to be evaluated for calculation is calculated, thereby obtaining a mean value of the dXA as an interpersonal relationship evaluation value of the user X as to the user A.
The server device 2 receives the UID, position information, direction information, and acceleration information transmitted from each of the terminal devices 1, and records these in the storing unit 23 so as to accumulate these as accumulation information for distance calculation 23a shown in
Now, description will be made regarding transmission of such various types of information to the sever device 2 side from the terminal device 1 side, and control processing of the server device 2 at the time of accumulating various types of information.
With the terminal device 1 side, the system controller 11 obtains the position information, direction information, and acceleration information detected at each point in time at the position detecting unit 13, direction determining unit 16, and behavior detecting unit 17, respectively. Subsequently, the system controller 11 controls the communication unit 15 to transmit the position information, direction information, and acceleration information thus obtained, and the UID information stored in memory such as internal ROM or the like to the server device 2 successively.
With the server device 2 side, upon such various types of information being transmitted from each of the terminal devices 1 by the communication unit 24, the control unit 21 performs control such that such various types of information is correlated with the current point-in-time information measured by the point-in-time measuring unit 22, and recorded in the storing unit 23. Thus, the accumulation information for distance calculation 23a is formed such as shown in
Returning to the previous topic, with the server device 2, the control unit 21 performs calculation of an interpersonal relationship evaluation value based on the above-mentioned accumulation information for distance calculation 23a. As described above, with regard to interpersonal relationship evaluation values, it is fundamental to obtain an interpersonal relationship evaluation value with a two person's relation between the self and the partner. Such a calculation between two persons is also performed regarding a different partner in the same way, whereby an interpersonal relationship evaluation value of a single user to be observed as to each of the others can be obtained. Subsequently, such a calculation of an interpersonal relationship evaluation value regarding a single user as to each of the other users is performed regarding each of the other users in the same way, whereby an interpersonal relationship evaluation value of each of the users as to each of the users can be obtained.
Description will be made regarding calculation operation of an interpersonal relationship evaluation value between two persons, which is the most fundamental level for performing interpersonal relationship evaluation according to the present example.
Such as described previously, in order to obtain a mean value of distance serving as an interpersonal relationship evaluation value, determination can be performed regarding whether or not the above-mentioned various types of condition hold for each point in time.
First of all, determination regarding the above-mentioned target range is performed. That is to say, with regard to a point in time n to be determined, the position information of the user X (UID-X) serving as the self, the position information of the user A (UID-A) serving as the partner, and the direction information of the user X are obtained from the accumulation information for distance calculation 23a. Subsequently, a target range is set such that distance is shortened depending on the angle θ from the direction indicated with the direction information in the way described above based on the position information and direction information of the user X, and determination is made based on the information of the target range thereof, and the position information of the user A serving as the partner whether or not the relevant user A exists within the target range thereof.
In a case wherein determination has been made that the condition regarding the above-mentioned target range holds, determination is made regarding whether or not the condition according to behavior holds. That is to say, the acceleration information (i.e., acceleration waveforms) of the users X and A during a predetermined period is obtained with the point in time n as reference, and determination is made whether or not these waveform patterns are matched with the above-mentioned classifications of “resting”, “walking”, and “running”.
In a case wherein determination has been made that the above-mentioned condition according to behavior holds, further determination is made regarding whether or not the condition according to a placement state holds. That is to say, distance DXA is obtained by the calculation shown in the previous Expression 1 from the position information of the users X and A at the point in time n obtained as described above, and the direction vector and distance vector described with reference to
Subsequently, the values of the distance dXA and inner product dp, and the values of the α (threshold for determining horizontal array), β (limited distance of horizontal array), γ (limited distance of facing), and δ (limited distance of backside) which have been set beforehand are employed to perform the above-mentioned determinations are made regarding whether or not the respective conditions hold, thereby determining regarding whether or not the placement state of the user X as to the user A is matched with any of the “horizontal array”, “facing”, and “backside”.
As a result of the determinations regarding these placement states, in a case wherein determination has been made that the placement state of the user X as to the user A is matched with any of the “horizontal array”, “facing”, and “backside”, determination is made that all of the conditions with the present example are satisfied, the point in time n serving as a determination target is set as a point in time to be evaluated for calculating an evaluation value.
Operation regarding one point-in-time worth described above is performed regarding all points in time during the period set as an evaluation target, thereby obtaining all points in time to be evaluated for calculating a mean value of distance serving as an evaluation value. A mean value of distance between the users X and A is calculated with a point in time to be evaluated for calculating a mean value thus obtained as a target. Specifically, the value of the distance dXA between the users X and A at each point in time to be evaluated for calculating a mean value is all added, the value thereof is divided by the number of points in time to be evaluated for obtaining a mean value, thereby obtaining a mean value of interpersonal distance representing interpersonal relationship of the user X as to the user A.
Thus, an interpersonal relationship evaluation value from one to the other between certain two persons within a certain target period can be obtained. In the way described above, such a calculation of an interpersonal relationship evaluation value between two persons is performed by changing the partner and the self, whereby an interpersonal relationship evaluation value of each person as to each person can be calculated.
Now,
First,
Alternatively, as shown in
Alternatively, as shown in
Alternatively, as shown in
Now, as can be understood from the above description, an interpersonal relationship evaluation value according to the present embodiment is equivalent to a mean value of interpersonal distance as to the partner. That is to say, the final evaluation index is “interpersonal distance”.
At this time, it is projected that a scale regarding near interpersonal distance/far interpersonal distance differs depending on the personality of each user, e.g., an introvert person or extravert person. Specifically, it is projected that while an extravert person can perform near communication as to others, an introvert person is not good at near communication as to others.
Accordingly, with regard to unilateral interpersonal relationship as to each of the partners from a certain user serving as the self, an evaluation value of the present example with distance as an evaluation index can be regarded as an absolute evaluation index, but for example, when presenting evaluation results from others together such as shown in
Therefore, as shown in
Specifically, the interpersonal distance mean values as to other respective users obtained regarding a certain user are all added, and the interpersonal mean value as to each user is divided by the obtained value, thereby performing normalization. That is to say, for example, if we say that the interpersonal distance mean values of the user X as to the respective users are DXA, DXB, and DXC when assuming that the self is the user X, the partners are the users A, B, and C, a total interpersonal distance DX which is a total value thereof is calculated as follows.
DX=D
XA
+D
XB
+D
XC
Moreover, absolute interpersonal relationship evaluation values D*XA, D*XB, and D*XC after normalization are calculated as follows.
D*
XA
=D
XA
/D
X
D*
XB
=D
XB
/D
X
D*
XC
=D
XC
/D
X
Normalization such as described above is performed, whereby the evaluation values can be converted into values equivalent to the percentages occupied by the respective partners with the interpersonal relationship of the self. That is to say, thus, difference of interpersonal distance scales of the respective users can be eliminated, the interpersonal relationship of each user can be evaluated in an absolute manner.
Subsequently, description will be made regarding processing operation to be executed to realize the operation of the interpersonal relationship evaluation system 0 according to the first embodiment described above with reference to the flowcharts shown in
First,
Note here that a user serving as the self is represented with “X”, and a user serving as the partner is represented with “A”. This drawing illustrates processing operation for setting a point in time to be evaluated for calculating a distance mean value regarding a two person's relation between the self and a single partner, but such processing operation can be executed regarding each user to be evaluated as appropriate.
First, in step S101, processing for setting a point-in-time identification value to n=1 is executed. This point-in-time identification value n is a value for identifying a point in time to be evaluated for various types of determination processing shown in this drawing, of the respective points in time with the accumulation information for distance calculation 23a shown in
In subsequent step S102, the position of the user X at the point in time n is obtained. That is to say, position information wherein the UID representing the user X, and point-in-time information serving as the point-in-time n are correlated is obtained within the accumulation information for distance calculation 23a accumulated in the storing unit 23.
In the next step S103, the direction of the user X at the point in time n is obtained. That is to say, direction information wherein the UID representing the user X, and point-in-time information serving as the point-in-time n are correlated is obtained from the accumulation information for distance calculation 23a.
In the next step S104, the target range of the user X at the point in time n is calculated. That is to say, a target range such as shown in
In subsequent step S105, the position of the user A at the point in time n is obtained. That is to say, position information wherein the UID representing the user A, and point-in-time information serving as the point-in-time n are correlated is obtained from the accumulation information for distance calculation 23a.
Moreover, in the next step S106, determination is made regarding whether or not the position of the user A is in the target range. In a case wherein a negative result has been obtained in step S106 wherein the position of the user A at the point in time n is not in the target range obtained in the above-mentioned step S104, the processing proceeds to step S119 as shown in the drawing, where the identification value n is incremented (n=n+1), and then the processing returns to the previous step S102. That is to say, thus, the point in time n is excluded from the points in time to be evaluated for calculating a distance mean value.
On the other hand, in a case wherein a positive result has been obtained in the above-mentioned step S106 wherein the position of the user A at the point in time n is in the target range, the processing proceeds to step S107, where the acceleration information of the user X during a period Tk with the point in time n as reference is obtained. That is to say, of the acceleration information correlated with the user X of the accumulation information 23a for distance calculation, with a predetermined period before and after the point in time n serving as reference as a period Tk, acceleration information is obtained during the period Tk. Thus, information representing change in acceleration (acceleration waveform) during the period Tk is obtained.
In subsequent step S108, the acceleration information of the user A during the period Tk with the point in time n as reference is obtained. That is to say, of the acceleration information correlated with the user A in the accumulation information for distance calculation 23a, the acceleration information (acceleration waveform) during the period Tk with the point in time n as reference is obtained.
In the next step S109, determination is made regarding whether or not behavior is synchronized. That is to say, determination is made whether or not the acceleration waveform pattern regarding the user X obtained in the above-mentioned step S107, and the acceleration waveform pattern of the user A obtained in the above-mentioned step S108 are matched with any of the above-mentioned classifications of “resting”, “walking”, and “running”.
In a case wherein a negative result has been obtained in step S109 wherein both waveform patterns are not matched, and behavior is not synchronized, the processing proceeds to step S119, where the identification value n is incremented, and then the processing returns to the previous step S102.
On the other hand, in a case wherein a positive result has been obtained in the above-mentioned step S109 wherein both waveform patterns are matched, and behavior is synchronized, the processing proceeds to step S110, where distance between the users X and A is calculated. That is to say, when assuming that the position of the user X at the point in time n (obtained in the previous step S102) is (xX, yX, zX), and the position of the user A at the point in time n (obtained in step S105) is (xA, yA, zA), the distance dXA from the user X to user A (interpersonal distance between the users X and A) is obtained by performing calculation by the previous Expression 1.
Note that the reason why interpersonal distance is obtained in the above-mentioned step S110 is because interpersonal distance can be employed for determination regarding whether or not the condition regarding the placement state holds with the processing in steps S111 and thereafter. Here, thus, the reason why the value of interpersonal distance is obtained immediately before determination regarding whether or not the condition regarding the placement state holds is because interpersonal distance is calculated in response to obtaining all positive results from determinations regarding whether or not the conditions regarding other target range and behavior state hold. Thus, in a case wherein wasteful calculation processing in a case wherein interpersonal distance has not to be obtained can be omitted, and consequently, reduction in processing load requested for setting of a point in time to be evaluated for calculation is realized.
In step S111 subsequent to the above-mentioned step S110, determination is made regarding whether or not the users X and A are in a horizontal array state. That is to say, after the inner product dp between the direction vector and distance vector described in the previous
dp<α
In a case wherein a positive result has been obtained in step S111 wherein the above-mentioned condition holds, and the user X is in a horizontal array state as to the user A, the processing proceeds to step S114, where determination is further made regarding whether or not the distance<β. That is to say, determination is made regarding whether or not the following condition holds based on the value of the distance dXA calculated in step S110, and the value of the β (limited distance of horizontal array).
dXA<β
In a case wherein a negative result has been obtained in step S114 wherein the above-mentioned condition does not hold, and the distance<β is not satisfied, the processing proceeds to step S119, where the identification value n is incremented, and then the processing returns to step S102.
On the other hand, in a case wherein a positive result has been obtained wherein the above-mentioned condition holds, and the distance<β is satisfied, the processing proceeds to later-described step S117.
Also, in a case wherein a negative result has been obtained in step S111 wherein the user X is not in a horizontal array state as to the user A, in step S112 determination is made regarding whether or not the user X in a facing state as to the user A. Specifically, a threshold for determining facing is set to 0.5, and determination is made regarding whether or not the following condition holds.
dp>0.5
In a case wherein a positive result has been obtained in step S112 wherein the above-mentioned condition holds, and the user X is in a facing sate as to the user A, the processing proceeds to step S115, where determination is made regarding whether or not the distance<γ. Specifically, determination is made regarding whether or not the following condition holds based on the value of the distance dXA and the value of the γ (limited distance of facing)
dXA<γ
In a case wherein a negative result has been obtained in step S115 wherein the above-mentioned condition does not hold, and the distance<γ is not satisfied, the processing proceeds to step S119, where the identification value n is incremented, and then the processing returns to step S102.
On the other hand, in a case wherein the above-mentioned condition holds, and the distance<γ is satisfied, the processing proceeds to step S117.
Also, in a case wherein a negative result has been obtained in step S114 wherein the user X is not in a facing state as to the user A, in step S113 determination is made regarding whether or not the user X in a backside state as to the user A. Specifically, a threshold for determining backside is set to −0.5, and determination is made regarding whether or not the following condition holds.
dp>−0.5
In a case wherein a positive result has been obtained in step S113 wherein the above-mentioned condition holds, and the user X is in a backside sate as to the user A, the processing proceeds to step S116, where determination is made regarding whether or not the distance<δ. Specifically, determination is made regarding whether or not the following condition holds based on the value of the distance dXA and the value of the δ (limited distance of backside).
dXA<δ
In a case wherein a negative result has been obtained in step S116 wherein the above-mentioned condition does not hold, and the distance<δ is not satisfied, the processing proceeds to step S119, where the identification value n is incremented, and then the processing returns to step S102.
On the other hand, in a case wherein the above-mentioned condition holds, and the distance<δ is satisfied, the processing proceeds to step S117.
In step S117, processing for setting the point in time n to a point in time to be evaluated for calculating a mean value is performed.
In subsequent step S118, determination is made regarding whether or not the n is a final point in time. Specifically, determination is made regarding whether or not the value of the point-in-time identification value n is a value representing the final point in time within a predetermined period as an evaluation target period.
In a case wherein a negative result has been obtained in step S118 wherein the n has not reached the final point in time, the processing proceeds to step S119, where the identification value n is incremented, and then the processing returns to step S102. On the other hand, in a case wherein a positive result has been obtained wherein the n has reached the final point in time, the processing operation shown in this drawing is ended.
Subsequently,
In
The subsequent steps S202 and S203 are processing for normalizing an interpersonal distance mean value as to each partner obtained in the processing in the above-mentioned step S201.
Specifically, first, in step S202, calculation of total interpersonal distance is performed. Specifically, total interpersonal distance DX is obtained with the following expression.
D
X
=D
XA
+D
XB
+D
XC+, . . . +DXZ
Moreover, in step S203, processing for normalizing a interpersonal distance mean value as to each partner is performed. Specifically, interpersonal relationship evaluation values D*XA, D*XB, D*XC, and so on through D*XZ a as to each partner after normalization are obtained as follows.
D*XA, D*XB, and D*XC after normalization are calculated as follows.
D*
XA
=D
XA
/D
X
D*
XB
=D
XB
/D
X
D*
XC
=D
XC
/D
X
and so on through
D*
XZ
=D
XZ
/D
X
Upon the normalizing processing in step S203 being executed, the processing operation shown in this drawing is ended.
Note that in
In
First, in step S301, interpersonal relationship display instructions from the self to each partner are awaited at the terminal device 1 side. That is to say, the terminal device 1 is awaited until display instructions of interpersonal relationship as to each partner which has been set beforehand are performed from the user self of the relevant terminal device 1. Note that such display instructions are performed, for example, through the operating unit 12 shown in
In a case wherein the above-mentioned display instructions are received, in step S302, the terminal device 1 side specifies the UID to perform a transfer request for interpersonal relationship evaluation values as to the respective partners from the self. Specifically, the terminal device 1 side controls the communication unit 15 to transmit information of the UID stored in the internal ROM or the like, and information for requesting for transfer of interpersonal relationship evaluation values as to the respective partners to the server device 2.
Upon executing the transfer processing in step S302, the processing proceeds to later-described step S303.
In step S401 in the drawing, the server device 2 side performs processing for awaiting that the information transferred in the above-mentioned step S302 is received at the communication unit 24. Subsequently, in a case wherein the above-mentioned transfer information from the terminal device 1 is received, in step S402 the server device 2 side executes calculation processing of interpersonal relationship evaluation values as to the respective partners from the self specified by the UID. Specifically, when assuming that the user specified with the received UID is the self X, and predetermined respective partners A, B, C, and so on through Z, the server device 2 side executes the processing operation described with reference to
In subsequent step S403, the server device 2 side executes transfer processing of the calculated interpersonal relationship evaluation values. Specifically, the server device 2 side controls the communication unit 24 to transmit the interpersonal relationship evaluation values D*XA, D*XB, D*XC, and so on through D*XZ calculated in the processing in the above-mentioned step S402 to the terminal device 1.
Upon executing the processing in step S403, the processing operation on the server device 2 side shown in this drawing is ended.
In step S303, the terminal device 1 side awaits that the above-mentioned interpersonal relationship evaluation values calculated by the server device 2 are received by the communication unit 15. Subsequently, in a case wherein the above-mentioned interpersonal relationship evaluation values from the server device 2 are received, in step S304 the terminal device 1 side executes display processing based on the evaluation values. Specifically, the terminal device 1 side performs display control such that display representing interpersonal relationship as to the respective partners A, B, C, and so on through Z from the user X serving as the self is performed on the display unit 18, for example, according to a display mode such as shown in the previous
Upon executing the processing in step S304, the processing operation on the terminal device 1 side shown in this drawing is ended.
Note that
For example, in a case wherein display instructions of bidirectional interpersonal relationship from the self to the respective partners, and the respective partners to the self are performed, such as shown in
Similarly, in a case wherein display instructions of bidirectional interpersonal relationship from each person to each person are performed, such as shown in
Here, with the above description, in response to a request from the terminal device 1 side, the server device 2 calculates requested interpersonal relationship evaluation values, but instead of this, an arrangement may be made wherein the server device 2 side calculates interpersonal relationship evaluation values of each person as to each person in a certain cycle such as each point in time or the like, and when receiving a request from the terminal device 1 side, make preparations so as to immediately transfer the interpersonal relationship evaluation values corresponding to the request.
However, if calculation of interpersonal relationship evaluation values is performed according to a request, calculation processing at the server device 2 can be suppressed to the requested relevant processing, and accordingly, reduction in processing load can be realized accordingly.
As described above, with the present embodiment, interpersonal distance mean values are calculated not with all points in time during a period to be evaluated but with only a point in time wherein a predetermined condition holds.
Thus, a technique has been employed wherein points in time to be evaluated for obtaining a distance mean value are narrowed down to only a point in time wherein a certain condition holds, whereby an interpersonal relationship evaluation index can be prevented from depending on time length wherein the partner exists in the neighborhood. Thus, misconception of interpersonal relationship can be prevented from occurrence effectively, such as misconception of interpersonal relationship occurring in the case of employing a technique according to the related art with time length wherein the partner exists in the neighborhood as an index, and accordingly, interpersonal relationship can be evaluated in a more accurate manner.
Also, as described above, points in time to be evaluated for obtaining a distance mean value are narrowed down to only a point in time wherein a certain condition holds, whereby a mean value of distance between the respective users can be obtained in a state wherein a predetermined condition is satisfied. Thus, interpersonal relationship can be evaluated based on the behavior of each user (proximity tendency or alienation tendency) in a situation wherein a certain condition is satisfied.
For example, as the above-mentioned predetermined condition, if a condition is set wherein the state of the respective users to be evaluated are a state wherein particular relationship (e.g., friends or lovers) is estimated, such as previously exemplified “horizontal array”, “facing”, “backside”, or the like, interpersonal relationship can be evaluated from the behavior of each user in a situation wherein such particular relationship is estimated.
Alternatively, points in time to be evaluated for obtaining a distance mean value can also be narrowed down to a point in time wherein the partner exists within a target range such as shown in
Alternatively, points in time to be evaluated for obtaining a distance mean value can also be narrowed down to only a point in time wherein the behavior of the self and the behavior of the partner are synchronized. Thus, calculation of evaluation values with a state to be prevented from being a target to be evaluated as a target, such as a state passing through around a person who simply rests, can be prevented, and accordingly, interpersonal relationship can be evaluated in a more accurate manner.
Thus, according to the technique of the present embodiment wherein points in time to be evaluated for calculating a distance mean value are narrowed down, more accurate interpersonal relationship evaluation values can be obtained.
Next, a second embodiment will be described. The second embodiment is an embodiment wherein in addition to various conditions set in the first embodiment, further a condition based on living body information is set.
Also, with the second embodiment, the internal configuration of the server device 2 is the same as that described in the first embodiment, so description in the drawing will be omitted.
The terminal device 1 shown in
With the second embodiment, a condition based on the above-mentioned heartbeat information is set as a condition for narrowing down points in time to be evaluated fro calculating a distance mean value.
For example, when the respective persons are talking and the conversation is building up, the number of heartbeats (pulse) of both increase. With the second embodiment, this point is utilized, a state wherein the number of heartbeats is synchronized between the user X serving as the self and the user A serving as the partner for each point in time is set as a condition. That is to say, a state wherein the living body state of each user is synchronized is also added to the conditions at the time of setting a point in time to be evaluated for calculating a distance mean value.
Specifically, determination regarding whether or not the condition in this case holds is made by determining regarding whether or not the values of the number of heartbeats at the point in time n of the user X, and the number of heartbeats at the point in time n of the user A are greater than a value equivalent to 150% of the value of heartbeats Hrlx at the time of the same complete rest. A state wherein the conversation of the users X and A is building up can be set to a target to be evaluated for calculating a distance mean value by such a condition setting.
Note that in this case as well, a condition for narrowing down a state serving as a target to be evaluated for calculating a distance mean value is set, whereby a state to be prevented from being a target to be evaluated can be prevented from being included in targets to be evaluated for calculating an evaluation value. That is to say, this point enables calculation of evaluation values in a more accurate manner.
Note that description will be made for confirmation wherein with the terminal device 1 according to the second embodiment, the system controller 11 also transmits the information of the number of heartbeats detected at each point in time at the living body information detecting unit 31 to the server device 2.
Subsequently, with the server device 2, the control unit 21 records the information of the number of heartbeats thus transmitted from the terminal device 1 side in the storing unit 23 in a manner correlated with information at each point in time, thereby accumulating this as the accumulation information for distance calculation 23a. Specifically, the accumulation information for distance calculation 23a in the case of the second embodiment is correlated with an UID, point-in-time information, position information, direction information, acceleration information, and number-of-heartbeats information.
The flowchart shown in
Note that the processing operation shown in
As can be understood from comparison between the processing operation shown in
Specifically, the step S501 thereof is executed in a case wherein a positive result has been obtained in step S109 during the series of processing operation shown in
In a case wherein determination is made in step S501 that at least one of the values of the number of heartbeats of the users X and A is not greater than 150% of the value of the number of heartbeats Hrlx at the time of the above-mentioned complete rest, and the heartbeats are not synchronized, and accordingly, a negative result is obtained, in step S119 the value of the identification value n is incremented, and then the processing returns to step S102.
On the other hand, in a case wherein the values of the number of heartbeats of the users X and A are both greater than 150% of the value of the number of heartbeats Hrlx at the time of the above-mentioned complete rest, and accordingly, a positive result is obtained, the processing proceeds to step S110, where distance between the users X and A is calculated.
Such processing is performed, thereby adding a condition wherein a living body state is synchronized as a condition for setting points in time to be evaluated for calculating a mean value.
Description has been made regarding the embodiments of the present invention so far, but the present invention is not restricted to the specific examples described so far.
For example, the interpersonal relationship evaluation technique of the present invention is not restricted to the case of evaluating interpersonal relationship in the actual world, and can be applied to usage for evaluating interpersonal relationship regarding the respective users in a virtual world over a network, for example, such as “second life” or the like.
In this case, a point wherein system components are multiple terminal devices, and a server device connected to the respective terminal devices through a network so as to perform communication, and a point wherein the respective terminal devices and respective users have one-on-one relationship are unchanged. However, in this case, the position and direction of each user within a virtual world have to be detected, so a technique for detecting a phenomenon or event actually occurring, such as a position detecting unit, direction sensor, or the like, can be eliminated. In this case, the server device manages the placement position and direction to be turned to of a character (icon or the like) representing each user in a virtual world, so such information can be stored for each user and for each point in time successively as the accumulation information for distance calculation 23a. A request from the terminal device 1 side, and calculation and transfer processing of interpersonal relationship evaluation values corresponding thereto are similar to those shown in
Note that the behavior and living body state (emotion) of each user in a virtual world are also information which the server device side can manage according to progress of an event. Accordingly, in a case wherein a condition based on these behavior and living body state is added as a condition at the time of setting a point in time to be evaluated for calculating a distance mean value, information according to the behavior and living body state thus managed can be accumulated as the accumulation information for distance calculation 23a with the server device side.
Also, with the above description, a case wherein calculated interpersonal relationship evaluation values are employed only for presentation of interpersonal relationship has been exemplified so far, but the interpersonal relationship evaluation values can be employed for other uses.
For example, the interpersonal relationship evaluation values can also be applied to a use such that the setting of the ringtone of a cell phone is automatically changed. In this case, the terminal device 1 side manages the correlation between each user serving as the partner (e.g., the phone number of each user) and ringtone. The terminal device 1 in this case performs a transfer request for interpersonal relationship evaluation values as to each of the partners to the server device 2 in a certain cycle, and updates the correlation between each user and ringtone based on the interpersonal relationship evaluation values as to each of the partners transferred according thereto.
Also, with the above description, the case wherein calculation of interpersonal relationship evaluation values is performed with the server device 2 side has been exemplified, but this may be performed with the terminal device 1 side. Thus, in the case of calculation of interpersonal relationship evaluation values being performed with the terminal device 1 side, the following two patterns can be conceived.
Step 1: The terminal device 1 requests accumulation information used for calculation to the server device 2 side according to the interpersonal relationship display mode specified by operations, and obtains this.
Step 2: The terminal device 1 performs processing operation shown in
Pattern 2
Step 1: The server device 2 executes the processing operation shown in
Step 2: The terminal device 1 performs a transfer request for interpersonal distance information at all points in time to be evaluated regarding respective users used for calculation to the server device 2, and obtains such information. The terminal device 1 executes the processing operation shown in
Also, with the above description, a case wherein various types of information such as a position successively obtained from the terminal device 1 side is accumulated in a correlated manner with the point-in-time information measured on the server device 2 side has been exemplified, but an arrangement may be made wherein the point-in-time information measured on the terminal device 1 side is transferred to the server device 2 side in a correlated manner with the above-mentioned various types of information.
Also, with the above description, description has been made assuming that the calculated interpersonal distance mean values are normalized, but as can be understood from the previous description, normalization is performed particularly at the time of bidirectional interpersonal relationship evaluation results regarding multiple users being requested such as shown in
When this is taken into consideration, and an arrangement may be made wherein switching of calculation processing is performed such that up to normalization is performed at the time of bidirectional evaluation results being requested, but normalization is not performed at the time of unidirectional evaluation results being requested. Thus, normalizing processing which is not indispensable can be prevented from being performed at the time of only unidirectional evaluation results being requested, and reduction in processing load can be realized.
Also, the normalization technique is not restricted to the technique previously exemplified, and for example, the following technique can be employed.
For example, let us consider that the self is a user X, respective partners are users A, B, C, and so on through Z, and normalization is performed regarding interpersonal distance evaluation values DXA, DXB, DXC, and so on through DXZ of the self X to the respective partners A, B, C, and so on through Z. First, sum εX of the reciprocal numbers of the interpersonal distance mean values DXA, DXB, DXC, and so on through DXZ is obtained with the following calculation.
εX=1/(1/DXA+1/DXB+1/DXC+, . . . +1/DXZ)
Moreover, the following calculation is performed.
ε*XA=εX/DXA
ε*XB=εX/DXB
ε*XC=εX/DXC
and so on through
ε*XZ=εX/DXZ
The values of ε*XA, ε*XB, ε*XC, and so on through ε*XZ obtained with the above-mentioned calculation represent percentages occupied by the respective partners A, B, C, and so on through Z with the interpersonal relationship of the self X.
Thus, normalization can be performed so as to obtain a percentage occupied by each partner with the interpersonal relationship of a user serving as the self. Thus, interpersonal distance mean values can be converted into absolute evaluation values wherein difference in interpersonal distance scales due to the personality of each person or the like is absorbed.
Also, with the above description, a case wherein interpersonal relationship evaluation is performed regarding a predetermined period to be evaluated with at least the current point in time as reference has been exemplified, but an arrangement may be made wherein interpersonal relationship evaluation is performed regarding the past predetermined period excluding the current point in time.
Also, with the above description, regarding whether or not a condition regarding a behavior state holds has been determined by determining whether or not the behavior state is synchronized with the classifications of “resting”, “walking”, and “running”, but for example, such as an “Actigraph”, an arrangement may be made wherein classification of “active” and “inactive” is performed according to a result wherein frequencies of 0.01 G or more acceleration with a certain period are accumulated, and determination is made regarding whether or not the behavior state is synchronized with the classification thereof.
Also, with the above description, two types of a target range, behavior, and placement state, or a living body state being combined therewith have been exemplified as a condition to be set at the time of narrowing down points in time to be evaluated for calculating a distance mean value, but such a combination of conditions may be an arbitrary combination as appropriate.
Also, a condition to be set at the time of narrowing down points in time to be evaluated for calculating a distance mean value is not restricted to the conditions exemplified with the above description, so a requested condition can be set as appropriate. As can be understood from the previous description, with the present invention, it is important to set a condition to narrow down points in time to be evaluated for calculating a distance mean value, and thus, interpersonal relationship can be evaluated in a more accurate manner.
Also, in the case of performing display of interpersonal relationship, with regard to expression of interpersonal relationship, another technique other than the techniques exemplified previously may be employed, such as expression with color difference in each user, or a line connecting between users, or the like.
Also, with the above description, only a technique employing a GPS unit has been exemplified as a technique for detecting a position by the terminal device 1, but instead of this, Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) or position information service provided by a cell phone company may be employed.
Also, with the above description, a technique employing a direction sensor has been exemplified as a technique for detecting a direction which a user turns to, in addition to this, a technique may be employed wherein a direction which a user turns to is detected by employing an imaging image captured by a camera turning to the front direction of the terminal device 1 (user). For example, determination is made from image analysis results whether or not a user serving as the partner is projected within the above-mentioned imaging image captured by a camera, whereby determination can be made regarding whether or not a placement state of the self as to the partner is a facing state.
Also, with the above description, only a case has been exemplified wherein a device for detecting information used for formation of accumulation information for distance calculation (position, direction, acceleration, living body information, etc.), and a device for obtaining (receiving) evaluation results are the same device, but there is a case wherein a device for obtaining evaluation results is a separate device which does not include various types of detecting units. A specific example of this is a case wherein a certain user possesses the terminal device 1, and an information processing device capable of network connection such as a personal computer, and in this case, a transfer request specifying a UID is performed form the above-mentioned information processing device to the server device, thereby obtaining evaluation results at the information processing device.
In this case, the above-mentioned information processing device has to execute processing for obtaining particular information (calculation results of interpersonal relationship evaluation values, accumulation information used for calculation of interpersonal relationship evaluation values in the case of the above-mentioned patterns 1 and 2, or interpersonal distance information at all points in time to be evaluated for calculation) from the server device side, such that the processing operation on the terminal device side shown in
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alterations may occur depending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they are within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007-305956 | Nov 2007 | JP | national |
