Patent Application
20250064299
The subject matter herein relates generally to an interventional medical device.
Interventional medical devices, such as endoscopes, are used during medical procedures for performing medical procedures on a patient. An endoscope typically includes an elongated tube that may be inserted into the body of the patient. A video camera or a fiber optic lens is provided at the distal end for viewing the body tissues as the tube is moved through the patient's body. Various surgical tools may be inserted through the interior of the tube for performing surgical procedures. For example, some known endoscopes include needles for taking biopsies of tissue of a patient.
The image data from the video camera is transmitted through the elongated tube to an image processor. Some known interventional medical devices use electrical conductors, such as twisted wire pairs to transmit the data from the video camera to the image processor. However, as video quality increases, such as due to higher resolution cameras, higher frame rates, and increased color depth, the electrical conductors are approaching data rate limits. Other known interventional medical devices use fiber optics to transmit signals from the video camera to the image processor. However, fiber optic systems are expensive.
A need remains for an interventional medical device having improved data communication.
In one embodiment, an interventional medical device is provided and includes an insertion tube extending between a proximal end and a distal end. The distal end configured to be inserted into internal tissues of a patient during a medical procedure. The insertion tube has a dielectric waveguide extending between the proximal end and the distal end. The interventional medical device includes a transmitter coupled to the dielectric waveguide at the distal end. The transmitter transmits a radio frequency signal along the dielectric waveguide from the distal end to the proximal end.
In another embodiment, an interventional medical device is provided and includes an insertion tube extending between a proximal end and a distal end. The distal end configured to be inserted into internal tissues of a patient during a medical procedure. The insertion tube has a dielectric waveguide extending between the proximal end and the distal end. The interventional medical device includes an imaging module at the proximal end of the insertion tube. The imaging module images the internal tissues of the patient during the medical procedure. The imaging device generates an image signal. The interventional medical device includes a transmitter coupled to the dielectric waveguide at the distal end. The transmitter transmits a radio frequency signal along the dielectric waveguide from the distal end to the proximal end. The radio frequency signal corresponds to the image signal from the imaging device.
In a further embodiment, an interventional medical device is provided and includes an insertion tube extending between a proximal end and a distal end. The distal end configured to be inserted into internal tissues of a patient during a medical procedure. The insertion tube has a dielectric waveguide extending between the proximal end and the distal end. The insertion tube including a lumen extending between the proximal end and the distal end. The interventional medical device includes a transmitter coupled to the dielectric waveguide at the distal end. The transmitter transmits a radio frequency signal along the dielectric waveguide from the distal end to the proximal end. The interventional medical device includes a tool received in the lumen. The tool configured to interact with the patient during the medical procedure.
The interventional medical device 100 extends between a proximal end 102 and a distal end 104. An insertion tube 120 extends between the proximal end 102 and the distal end 104. The distal end 104 and the insertion tube 120 are configured to be inserted into the patient during the medical procedure. In an exemplary embodiment, a medical device is provided at the distal end 104 for interacting with the patient. The medical device may deploy a sensor, a tool, a camera, or another type of medical device. The tool may be a drug delivery tool, a needle, forceps, a balloon, an irrigation device, a sensor, or another type of tool. Controls for the medical device may extend through the insertion tube 120. Data from the medical device may be transmitted back to the operator at the proximal end through the insertion tube 120.
The interventional medical device 100 includes a handle 106 at the proximal end 102. The handle 106 may be used to actuate or manipulate the distal end 104 and/or one or more tools 108 at the distal end 104 for performing a medical procedure. For example, the distal end 104 may be steerable to position the tool 108 to perform the medical procedure, such as to biopsy damaged tissue or to deliver a drug. The tool 108 deployed via the working channel and/or controls for the tool 108 may extend within the insertion tube 120 between the handle 106 and the distal end 104. The tool 108 may be flush with the distal end 104 of the insertion tube 120. However, the tool 108 may be recessed within the insertion tube 120 at the distal end 104 or may extend from the distal end 104. The handle 106 may be rotated and/or translated to actuate or manipulate the distal end 104, such as using pull wires, springs, or other types of actuation elements extending between the handle 106 and the distal end 104. In various embodiments, electrical wires may extend between the proximal end 102 and the distal end 104 to power/control the tool 108 or other components of the interventional medical device 100, such as being routed in one or more internal channels of the insertion tube. The electrical wires may be used for data transmission.
In an exemplary embodiment, the interventional medical device 100 includes a viewing device 110. The viewing device 110 may include an eyepiece coupled to the handle 106. In various embodiments, the viewing device 110 may include a display, such as a computer monitor showing an image. Images or other data may be displayed or viewable at the exterior of the interventional medical device 100, such as at a remote computer monitor, at an attached display or dial, or at another location.
In an exemplary embodiment, the interventional medical device 100 includes an imaging system 200 for imaging the internal tissues of the patient. The imaging system 200 includes an imaging module 210 at the distal end 104 and a control unit 250 at the proximal end 102. The imaging module 210 may define a tip or imaging end of the medical device 100 (for example, endoscope). The insertion tube 120 connects the imaging module 210 and the control unit 250. Data is transmitted between the imaging module 210 and the control unit 250 through the insertion tube 120. In an exemplary embodiment, the insertion tube 120 includes a dielectric waveguide 150 for data transmission between the imaging module 210 and the control unit 250.
In an exemplary embodiment, the imaging system 200 includes a light transmitter 202 at the distal end 104 for illuminating the internal tissues. The light transmitter 202 may include one or more optical fibers and/or light pipes routed between the proximal end 102 and the distal end 104. The light transmitter 202 may include a lens or LED sources at the distal end 104 that emits the light.
The insertion tube 120 extending between the proximal end 102 and the distal end 104. The insertion tube 120 is flexible. The distal end 104 of the insertion tube 120 is configured to be inserted into the patient and manipulated through the internal tissues of the body off the patient to a desired location. The insertion tube 120 includes a sleeve 122 at an exterior of the insertion tube 120. Other components are routed through the hollow interior of the sleeve 122. The sleeve 122 may be manufactured from medical grade material, such as a stainless steel material, a nitinol material, or another suitable material. The sleeve 122 may be coated, such as with a PTFE spray or jacket. The sleeve 122 may include multiple sections. Portions of the sleeve 122 may be rigid. Portions of the sleeve 122 may be flexible to allow manipulation of the insertion tube 120 within the body of the patient.
In an exemplary embodiment, various components of the interventional medical device 100 are housed within the insertion tube 120 and extend between the handle 106 and the distal end 104. The sleeve 122 includes one or more internal channels, including at least one working channel 124, that houses the components of the interventional medical device 100. For example, the tool 108 may be routed through the working channel 124 to the distal end 104. The light transmitter 202 may be routed through the working channel 124 or another internal channel to the distal end 104. The working channel 124 may be separate from or isolated from other internal channels. The internal channels may be open lumens extend between the opposite ends of the insertion tube 120. In an exemplary embodiment, the dielectric waveguide 150 is routed through the working channel 124 to the imaging module 210 at the distal end 104. Other components may be routed through the internal channel(s), such as air tubes, water tubes, electrical wires, and the like.
The imaging module 210 includes an imaging device, such as a camera 212, and an integrated circuit 220 operably coupled to the camera 212. The camera 212 may include a sensor 214, such as a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensor. The camera 212 may include a lens. The integrated circuit 220 receives signals from the camera 212. The camera 212 generates image signals transmitted to the integrated circuit 220. The image signals are digital signals. The integrated circuit 220 supports the digitization of the imaging signals. The imaging module 210 and/or the integrated circuit 220 may include a processor, such as an image processor, to digitize the images from the camera 212. In various embodiments, the camera 212 is a high-resolution color camera for imaging the tissues. The camera 212 may be a high resolution camera such as 4K or 8K UHDTV video camera. The camera 212 may have a high frame rate, such as 60 frames per second or more. Other types of imaging devices may be used in alternative embodiments, such as an ultrasound probe. The integrated circuit 220 may include a circuit board and one or more electrical components mounted to the circuit board.
In an exemplary embodiment, the imaging module 210 includes a transmitter 230 coupled to or integrated with the integrated circuit 220. The transmitter 230 transmits data signals from the imaging module 210 to the control unit 250. For example, the transmitter 230 may transmit signals from the camera 212 to the control unit 250. Optionally, the transmitter 230 may transmit signals from other components, such as a sensor 214 at the distal end 104, in addition to the signals from the camera 212. The transmitter 230 is a wireless transmitter. In an exemplary embodiment, the transmitter 230 includes a transmit antenna 232 coupled to the integrated circuit 220. The transmit antenna 232 transmits radio frequency signals. For example, the transmit antenna 232 converts the image signals to the radio frequency signals. The radio frequency signal corresponds to the image signal from the imaging module. For example, the RF signal may be generated from or based on the image signal. The image signal may be modulated into the transmitted radio frequency signal. The image signal may be digitized and serialized to the RF signal. The transmit antenna 232 may be configured to support gigabit range data transmission, such as between 3 Gbps and 30 Gbps, or more. The transmit antenna 232 may be a microwave antenna. In an exemplary embodiment, the radio frequency signals are at a frequency of at least 30 GHz. For example, the radio frequency signals may be in an extremely high frequency (EHF) range, such as between 30 GHz and 300 GHz. In various embodiments, the radio frequency signals may be at approximately 150 GHz. The transmitter 230 is coupled to the dielectric waveguide 150 to transmit the radio frequency signals along the dielectric waveguide 150. In various embodiments, the transmitter 230 may be a transceiver configured to both transmit and receive radio frequency signals.
The control unit 250 includes a processor 252 and an integrated circuit 260 operably coupled to the processor 252. The integrated circuit 260 receives the radio frequency signals from the dielectric waveguide 150. In an exemplary embodiment, the control unit 250 includes a receiver 270 coupled to or integrated with the integrated circuit 260. The receiver 270 receives the radio frequency signals from the dielectric waveguide 150 and converts the radio frequency signals to digital signals. For example, the receiver 270 includes a receive antenna 272 coupled to the dielectric waveguide 150 that receives the radio frequency signals from the dielectric waveguide 150 and converts the radio frequency signals to digital signals. The processor 252 processes the digital signals. The digital signals may be sent to the viewing device 110 for viewing by the operator. In various embodiments, the receiver 270 may be a transceiver configured to both transmit and receive radio frequency signals.
The dielectric waveguide 150 is flexible. The dielectric waveguide 150 has a small diameter, such as approximately 1.0 mm. The dielectric waveguide 150 includes one or more dielectric layers 156. The dielectric layers 156 may be concentric about a central axis 158 of the dielectric waveguide 150. The radio frequency signals are transmitted along at least one of the dielectric layers 156. In an exemplary embodiment, the dielectric waveguide 150 includes a central core 160 and a cladding 162 surrounding the core 160. The radio frequency signals are transmitted along the central core 160. The dielectric waveguide may include other layers in alternative embodiments.
The central core 160 is formed of a solid dielectric material configured to conduct radio waves at millimeter wave frequencies and above. The central core 160 may be manufactured from a first dielectric material, such as a polymer material including, but not limited to, vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene and/or hexafluorpropylene. The central core 160 may be manufactured by an extrusion process. In various embodiments, the central core 160 is filled with the polymer material. In other various embodiments, the central core 160 may be hollow, such as forming a lumen that may receive other components or tools of the interventional medical device 100.
The cladding 162 has a lower relative permittivity or a lower dielectric constant than the core 160 and confines the radio waves using total internal reflection. The cladding 162 may have a different dielectric constant than the core 160. The cladding 162 contains the transmission waves within core 160. The cladding 162 may be constructed with materials that reflect waves back into core 160. For example, the cladding 162 may be formed of materials that have dielectric constants that are different than the dielectric constant of the material forming the core 160. The cladding 162 may have a dielectric constant that is less than core 160. In various embodiments, the cladding 162 is a foamed cladding, such as being formed from a plastic foam such as, but not limited to, polystyrene foam. In other various embodiments, the cladding 162 may be an extruded plastic material formed around the core 160.
In an exemplary embodiment, one or more conductors 180 are arranged in the dielectric waveguide 150. The conductors 180 may be electrical conductors or optical conductors. The conductors 180 extend between the proximal end 102 and the distal end 104. The electrical conductors 180 may be electrically connected to components at the proximal end and/or the distal end, such as the imaging module 210, the camera 212, the transmit antenna 232, the sensor 214, or other components. In an exemplary embodiment, the electrical conductors 180 include a power conductor 182 and a ground conductor 184. Other types of conductors may be provided in other embodiments, such as low speed data signal conductors.
In an exemplary embodiment, the electrical conductors 180 pass through channels in the cladding 162. The electrical conductors 180 may be provided on opposite sides of the dielectric waveguide 150. However, other locations are possible in alternative embodiments. For example, the electrical conductors 180 may be arranged in the core 160 or in the outer jacket or sleeve (not shown) in alternative embodiments.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. For example, the above-described embodiments (and/or aspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Dimensions, types of materials, orientations of the various components, and the number and positions of the various components described herein are intended to define parameters of certain embodiments, and are by no means limiting and are merely exemplary embodiments. Many other embodiments and modifications within the spirit and scope of the claims will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. The scope of the invention should, therefore, be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. In the appended claims, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein.” Moreover, in the following claims, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc. are used merely as labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements on their objects. Further, the limitations of the following claims are not written in means-plus-function format and are not intended to be interpreted based on 35 U.S.C. § 112(f), unless and until such claim limitations expressly use the phrase “means for” followed by a statement of function void of further structure.
