Patent Grant
9265618
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. 119 to French Patent Application No. 05 12133, filed in FRANCE on Nov. 30, 2005.
The present invention concerns an intervertebral disc prosthesis, intended to be substituted for fibro-cartilaginous discs ensuring connection between the vertebrae of the spinal column.
Various types of intervertebral disc prostheses are known in the prior art. Numerous prostheses, such as for example in the patent applications WO 02 089 701 and WO 2004/041129, are constituted by a lower plate and an upper plate forming a sort of cage articulated about a central core. Other prostheses such as those described in the patent U.S. Pat. No. 5,676,701 and in the patent application WO 03/059212 A1, for example, comprise only a lower plate and an upper plate articulated to one another by means of an articulation surface. The advantage of these two types of articulated prostheses is that they offer freedom of movement for the patient wearing the prosthesis, by enabling inclination and/or rotation of one of the plates relative to the other. The additional advantage of prostheses comprising a central core, mobile between the plates, is that they allow spontaneous positioning of the core in the ideal position to absorb the constraints imposed on the prosthesis. Some of the prostheses whereof the central core is mobile between the plates comprise cooperation means present on the core and on at least one of the plates to limit displacement of the core. In these prostheses described in the prior art, osseous anchoring means are likewise known which fix each of the plates of the prosthesis in each of the vertebrae between which the prosthesis is intended to be implanted. These osseous anchoring means can consist of fins intended to be fixed on the plates of the prosthesis and cooperate with a groove made in the surface of the vertebral plates or in anchors intended to be planted in the vertebral body.
However, the disadvantage of these prostheses is that they are not easy to insert between the vertebrae, since implantation requires good stability of the different elements of the prosthesis between one another. This stability is often missing in prostheses known from the prior art and the known instrumentation does not generally ensure stability of the elements of the prosthesis. In fact, the articulated plates of the prostheses possess degrees of liberty conferring comfort to the patient, but discomfort for the surgeon who fits them. The plates risk inclining and turning about their articulation surfaces. The surgeon is therefore not guaranteed that the elements are properly aligned in the antero-posterior axis of the vertebral column.
In this context, it is interesting to propose a prosthesis and associated instrumentation enabling the prosthesis to be implanted between the vertebrae, while retaining the necessary alignment of the different elements of the prosthesis between one another. The aim of the present invention therefore is to eliminate certain disadvantages of the prior art by proposing an intervertebral disc prosthesis and instrumentation for insertion of the prosthesis between the vertebrae allowing the prosthesis to be implanted by following a defined axis.
This aim is attained by an intervertebral disc prosthesis comprising at least two plates, so-called first and second plates, articulated between one another by means of a curved surface, so-called articulation, of at least one of the plates, allowing pivoting and/or inclination of the plates relative to one another, by rotation about, respectively, an axis substantially perpendicular to the plane of the plates and an axis substantially in the plane of the plates, each of the plates comprising a so-called contact surface, intended to be made solid with a vertebral plate of one of the vertebrae between which the prosthesis is intended to be implanted, characterised in that the contact surface of at least one of the plates comprises at least first osseous anchoring means and at least second osseous anchoring means, the first osseous anchoring means extending to in the vicinity of the periphery of the plate on which it is situated and the second osseous anchoring means being offset according to the antero-posterior axis relative to the first osseous anchoring means, said second osseous anchoring means offset comprising a portion, so-called basal, solid with the plate on which it is situated and a portion, so-called sharp-edged, of width narrower than the basal portion and forming a guide blade intended to prevent rotation of the plates of the prosthesis between one another and facilitate insertion of the prosthesis.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the second plate comprises a curved articulation surface whereof at least one part cooperates with a curved articulation surface of the first plate to which it is complementary, to allow pivoting and/or inclination of the plates relative to one another.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the curved surface of the first plate is concave and the curved articulation surface of the second plate is convex.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the curved surface of the first plate is convex and the curved articulation surface of the second plate is concave.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, it likewise comprises a core comprising a plane surface and a curved articulation surface and in that only the first plate comprises a curved articulation surface cooperating with at least one part of the curved surface of the core to which it is complementary, to allow pivoting and/or inclination of the plates relative to one another, the plane surface of the core cooperating with at least one part of a plane surface of the second plate to allow translation and/or rotation of the core relative to the second plate in at least one direction perpendicular to the vertical axis of the backbone, the second plate comprising cooperation means complementary to cooperation means of the core allowing at least this translation of the core to be limited or eliminated relative to the second plate.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the curved surface of the first plate is concave and the curved surface of the core is convex.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the curved surface of the first plate is convex and the curved surface of the core is concave.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the first osseous anchoring means of the plates consist of at least one winglet located in the vicinity of the periphery of the plate and fitted with notches oriented so as to oppose withdrawal of the prosthesis from the discal space.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the notches of the first osseous anchoring means are at a height increasing in the postero-anterior direction, such that the notches are at a height greater at the front than at the rear of the prosthesis and so that the insertion of the prosthesis in the discal space, in the antero-posterior direction of the vertebrae is facilitated by the notches attacking the osseous tissue not yet attacked by the preceding notches.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, at least the anterior edge of at least one of the plates of the prosthesis comprises 3 support faces whereof one leading face substantially perpendicular to the insertion axis of the prosthesis in the discal space and two antero-lateral faces each forming, in the plane of the plate, an angle with the anterior face and with one of the lateral edges of the plate, these 3 support faces allowing stabilising of the prosthesis during its insertion in the discal space by an instrument whereof at least a portion has a shape complementary to these 3 support faces.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, at least one of the plates has, at least on its posterior edge, at least one chamfer facilitating insertion of the prosthesis in the discal space.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the second osseous anchoring means of the plates consists of at least one aileron located in the vicinity of an edge of the plate and oriented in the insertion axis of the prosthesis between the vertebrae.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the aileron has a lesser height at its posterior end than at its anterior end, this difference in height imparting to the aileron an inclined profile facilitating its insertion in the discal space in the antero-posterior direction.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, at least one of the plates comprises at least one default form, such as a notch, allowing the fitting of the end of a prehension device to the prosthesis.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the cooperation means of the second plate are male means located in the vicinity of the edges of the second plate and cooperating with female means of the core.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the male cooperation means of the second plate are two studs located on the two lateral edges of the second plate and the female cooperation means of the core are two recesses made on the lateral edges of the core.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the dimensions of each male cooperation means are slightly less than those of each female cooperation means so as to allow a slight clearance between the core and the second plate about the middle position of the core, corresponding to a centre of articulation of the prosthesis.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the dimensions of each male cooperation means are substantially the same as those of each female cooperation means, so as to prevent any clearance between the core and the second plate and block the core in its middle position corresponding to a centre of articulation of the prosthesis.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the cooperation means of the second plate are female means located in the vicinity of the edges of the second plate and cooperating with male means of the core.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the dimensions of each male cooperation means are slightly less than those of each female cooperation means so as to allow slight clearance between the core and the second plate, about the middle position of the core, corresponding to a centre of articulation of the prosthesis.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the dimensions of each male cooperation means are substantially the same as those of each female cooperation means so as to prevent any clearance between the core and the second plate and block the core at its middle position, corresponding to a centre of articulation of the prosthesis.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the male cooperation means of the core are two studs located on the two lateral edges of the core and the female cooperation means of the second plate are four walls located, two by two, on each of the two lateral edges of the second plate.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the female cooperation means of the second plate comprise a portion curved in to the centre of the plate and partially covering the male cooperation means of the core so as to prevent lifting of the core.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the plane means representing the contact surfaces of the plates are substantially parallel or form an acute angle, the inclination obtained by such an angle allowing the overall form of the prosthesis to adapt to the anatomy of the backbone or optionally correct faults in inclination of the vertebrae of the patient for whom the prosthesis is intended.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the same plates can be assembled with cores of different thicknesses and/or sizes and/or forms.
Another aim of the present invention is to eliminate certain disadvantages of the prior art by proposing instrumentation for insertion of an intervertebral disc prosthesis between the vertebrae allowing stability of the different elements of the prosthesis to be maintained between one another over the course of insertion of the latter between the vertebrae.
This aim is attained by insertion instrumentation of an intervertebral disc prosthesis between the vertebrae, comprising at least one prehension device for the prosthesis comprising a so-called manipulation end and a so-called prehension end, the prehension device being characterised in that it comprises a rod fitted, at the prehension end, with at least one axis of rotation on which are mounted at least two feet free in rotation about this axis, the ensemble of the rod and feet forming a clip mounted slidably in a hollow tube whereof the prehension end has an internal profile in a truncated form and comprises an axis perpendicular to the plane of the two feet of the clip, the ensemble formed by the two feet having a width, in the plane of the opening of the clip, greater than the width of the rod, the sliding of the rod in the tube, in the direction of the manipulation end, therefore causing closing of the clip by contact between the exterior of the feet and the truncated portion of the tube, the sliding of the rod in the tube, in the direction of the prehension end, causing opening of the clip by contact between the axis of the tube and the interior of the feet of the rod.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the rod is fitted with a grip at the manipulation end, so as to allow the user to have the rod slide in the tube.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the tube is fitted with a ring mobile in rotation relative to the tube and comprising a thread complementary to at least one threaded portion of the rod, the relative position of the thread of the ring and of the threading of the rod allowing blockage of the rod in the tube at least in the position where the clip is closed.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the ends of the feet, at the level of the prehension end, each have at least one contact surface with at least an edge of an element of the prosthesis, imparting to the clip a profile adapted to the form of the prosthesis to be implanted.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the profile adapted to the form of the prosthesis to be implanted consists of at least one contact surface with the leading edge of the prosthesis, at least one contact surface with the leading edge of a central core of the prosthesis and at least one contact surface with elements located on the lateral edges of the prosthesis.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, at least one contact surface with elements located on the lateral edges of the prosthesis consists of prehension means of cooperation means between the core and a plate of the prosthesis.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, at least one contact surface with elements located on the lateral edges of the prosthesis consists of cooperation means with a default form of at least one of the plates of the prosthesis.
In accordance with another specific characteristic, the profile adapted to the form of the prosthesis to be implanted consists of at least the contact surface with the leading edge of the prosthesis comprising 3 support faces complementary to 3 support faces present at least on the leading edge of at least one of the plates of the prosthesis, these 3 support faces comprising a leading face substantially perpendicular to the insertion axis of the prosthesis in the discal space and two antero-lateral faces each forming, in the plane of the plate, an angle with the leading face and with one of the lateral edges of the plate, the cooperation between this instrumentation profile and these 3 faces of the prosthesis allowing the latter to be stabilised during its insertion in the discal space.
Other specific characteristics and advantages of the present invention will emerge more clearly from reading the description hereinbelow, given in reference to the attached diagrams, in which:
The present invention relates to an intervertebral disc prosthesis comprising at least osseous anchoring means (41) forming a guide blade intended to prevent rotation of the plates of the prosthesis between one another and facilitate insertion of the prosthesis. More precisely, the prosthesis comprises at least first osseous anchoring means (42) and at least second osseous anchoring means (41), the first osseous anchoring means (42) extending to near the periphery of the plate on which it is situated and the second osseous anchoring means (41) being offset according to the antero-posterior axis relative to the first osseous anchoring means (42). The second offset osseous anchoring means (41) comprise a portion, so-called basal, solid with the plate on which it is situated and a portion, so-called sharp-edged, of width narrower than the basal portion. This sharp-edged portion forms a sort of blade intended to score the surfaces of the vertebral plates with which it comes into contact during implantation of the prosthesis and this blade then naturally forms a guide rail in the vertebra, thus preventing any displacement of the elements of the prosthesis between one another. In the various embodiments described hereinbelow, the prosthesis comprises at least two plates (1 and 2), so-called first (1) and second (2) plates, articulated between one another by means of a curved surface, so-called articulation surface, of at least one of the plates. This curved articulation surface allows pivoting of the plates (1, 2) relative to one another, by rotation about an axis substantially perpendicular to the plane of the plates and/or inclination of the plates (1, 2) relative to one another, by rotation about an axis substantially in the plane of the plates (1, 2). Each of the plates (1, 2) comprises a so-called contact surface intended to be made solid with a vertebral plate of one of the vertebrae between which the prosthesis is intended to be implanted. As is particularly evident in the embodiment illustrated in
In this illustrated embodiment, the first plate (1) comprises a curved articulation surface and this surface cooperates with at least one part of the curved surface of the core (3) to which it is complementary, to allow pivoting and/or inclination of the plates (1, 2) relative to one another. The plane surface of the core (3) cooperates with at least one part of a plane surface of the second plate (2) to allow translation of the core (3) relative to the second plate (2) in at least one direction perpendicular to the vertical axis of the spinal column and/or rotation of the core (3) relative to the second plate (2) by rotation about an axis substantially perpendicular to the plane of these plane surfaces. In the embodiments illustrated in the figures, the curved surface of the first plate (1) is concave and the curved surface of the core (3) is convex, but it could eventuate that the curved surface of the first plate (1) is convex and the curved surface of the core (3) is concave.
The second plate (2) comprises cooperation means (22) complementary to cooperation means (32) of the core (3) so as to limit or cancel at least this translation of the core (3) relative to the second plate (2). In the embodiments illustrated in the figures, the cooperation means (22) of the second plate (2) are male means located in the vicinity of the edges of the second plate (2) and cooperating with female means (32) of the core (3). In the embodiments illustrated in the figures, these male cooperation means (22) of the second plate (2) are two studs located on the two lateral edges of the second plate (2) and the female cooperation means (32) of the core (3) are two recesses made on the lateral edges of the core (3). In other possible embodiments not illustrated here, these cooperation means (32) of the core (3) can be male means consisting, for example, of two studs located on the two lateral edges of the core (3) and the cooperation means (22) of the second plate (2) can thus be female means consisting, for example, of four walls located, two by two, on each of the two lateral edges of the second plate (2). In these two embodiments, the cooperation means (22) of the second plate (2) can comprise a portion curved in towards the centre of the plate (2) and partially covering the cooperation means (32) of the core (3) so as to prevent lifting of the core (3). In an embodiment according to the present invention the dimensions of each male cooperation means (32, 22) could be slightly less than those of each female cooperation means (22, 32) so as to allow slight clearance between the core (3) and the second plate (2) about the middle position of the core (3) relative to the plates (1, 2), this middle position corresponding to a centre of articulation of the prosthesis. In another embodiment, the dimensions of each male cooperation means (32, 22) could be substantially identical to those of each female cooperation means (22, 32) so as to prevent any clearance between the core (3) and the second plate (2) and block the core (3) in its middle position corresponding to the centre of articulation. It can be interesting that the prosthesis according to the present invention can correct faults in inclination of the vertebrae between which it is intended to be implanted. In accordance with the desired result, this centre of articulation could have been provided to be at the centre of the prosthesis or be offset in at least one direction perpendicular to the axis of the spinal column. Similarly, the planes means representing the contact surfaces (14) of the plates (1, 2) could therefore be substantially parallel or form an acute angle. The inclination obtained by such an angle will allow the overall form of the prosthesis to adapt to the anatomy of the spinal column or optionally correct faults in inclination of the vertebrae of the patient for whom the prosthesis is intended. The same plates (1, 2) can be assembled with core (3) of different thicknesses and/or sizes and/or forms.
The prosthesis according to the present invention comprises osseous anchoring means ensuring good stability of the elements of the prosthesis between one another during implantation of the prosthesis between the vertebrae. For this, the prosthesis according to the present invention comprises at least first osseous anchoring means (42) and at least second osseous anchoring means (41). The first osseous anchoring means (42) extend to near the periphery of the plate on which it is situated and the second osseous anchoring means (41) is offset according to the antero-posterior axis relative to the first osseous anchoring means (42). Therefore, the first osseous anchoring means (42) could consist, in an embodiment not illustrated here, of a winglet oriented perpendicularly to the antero-posterior axis of the spinal column and located near the leading edge or posterior edge of the plate on which they are located. The second osseous anchoring means (41) will thus be located in the vicinity of the edge, respectively, trailing or leading. In the embodiment illustrated on
In an embodiment of the invention, at least the leading edge of at least one of the plates (1, 2) of the prosthesis could comprise 3 support faces, as is particularly evident in
The invention further relates to instrumentation allowing insertion of the prosthesis between the vertebrae, ensuring good stability of the different elements of the prosthesis between one another during implantation. Such instrumentation according to the present invention comprises at least a prehension device (5) of the prosthesis, comprising a so-called manipulation end and a so-called prehension end. This prehension device (5) comprises a rod (50) fitted, at the prehension end, with at least an axis of rotation (501) on which are mounted at least two feet (500) free in rotation about this axis (501). The ensemble of the rod (50) and feet (500) forms a clip mounted slidably in a hollow tube (55) whereof the prehension end has an internal profile of truncated shape. The ensemble formed by the two feet (500) have a width, in the plane of the opening of the clip, greater than the width of the rod (50), so as to cooperate with the truncated portion of the hollow tube (55). The tube (55) comprises an axis (550) perpendicular to the plane of the two feet (500) of the clip and located between the two feet, so as to cooperate with the latter. The sliding of the rod (50) in the tube (55), in the direction of the manipulation end, therefore causes closing of the clip by contact between the exterior of the feet (500) and the truncated portion of the tube (55), while the sliding of the rod (50) in the tube (55), in the direction of the prehension end, causes opening of the clip by contact between the axis (550) of the tube (55) and the interior of the feet (500) of the rod (50). The rod (50) could be fitted with a grip (56) at the manipulation end, so as to allow the user to have the rod (50) slide in the tube (55). Also, this grip could be utilised to force insertion of the prosthesis in the discal space, for example, by striking on the grip by means of a tool such as a hammer, for example. The tube (55) could, in an embodiment of the invention, be fitted with a ring (57) mobile in rotation relative to the tube (55) and comprising a thread complementary to at least one threaded portion (58) of the rod (50). The relative position of the thread of the ring (57) and of the threading (58) of the rod (50) shall allow blockage of the rod (50) in the tube (55) at least in the position where the clip is closed. So, use of the prehension device (5) will help secure the clip on the prosthesis, for example while the surgeon strikes on the grip to insert the prosthesis in the discal space.
In the embodiment illustrated on the figures, the ends of the feet (500), at the level of the prehension end, each have at least one contact surface (51, 52, 53) with at least an edge of an element of the prosthesis, imparting to the clip a profile adapted to the form of the prosthesis to be implanted. This profile adapted to the form of the prosthesis to be implanted could consist of at least one contact surface (51) with the leading edge of the prosthesis, at least one contact surface (53) with the leading edge of a central core of the prosthesis and at least one contact surface (52) with elements located on the lateral edges of the prosthesis. In the case where the prosthesis comprises a central core fitted with cooperation means cooperating with cooperation means of at least one of the plates, the contact surface (52) with elements located on the lateral edges of the prosthesis could thus consist of prehension means of at least one of the cooperation means between the core (3) and a plate (1, 2) of the prosthesis. In the same way, in the case where the prosthesis comprises a plate having a default form (43), such as a notch, the contact surface (52) with elements located on the lateral edges of the prosthesis could consist of cooperation means with this default form (43). Also, the instrumentation according to the invention could be provided to cooperate perfectly with the different variant embodiments of the prosthesis according to the present invention and comprise a profile even more adapted to the form of the prosthesis. In particular, the contact surface (51) with the leading edge of the prosthesis, as well as optionally other surfaces, could comprise 3 support faces complementary to 3 support faces present at least on the leading edge of at least one of the plates (1, 2) of the prosthesis. These 3 support faces placed in complementary fashion to those of the prosthesis, then comprise a leading face substantially perpendicular to the insertion axis of the prosthesis in the discal space and two antero-lateral faces each forming, in the plane of the plate, an angle with the leading face and with one of the lateral edges of the plate. Cooperation between this instrumentation profile and these 3 faces of the prosthesis will help stabilise the latter during its insertion in the discal space, for example by preventing its rotation.
It must be evident for those skilled in the art that the present invention allows embodiments in numerous other specific forms without departing from the field of application of the invention as claimed. Consequently, the present embodiments must be considered by way of illustration, though they can be modified in the field defined by the reach of the attached claims, and the invention does not have to be limited to the details specified hereinabove.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 05 12133 | Nov 2005 | FR | national |
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