The inventions disclosed herein generally relate to devices and methods for injecting gases into an eye of an animal.
Surgical procedures can require gases or other fluids to be injected into a target area for treatment of certain injuries, disorders and diseases. In the treatment of eye conditions such as macular holes, retinal tears and detachments, part of the surgical procedure can include the injection of gases or other fluids into the eye.
For example, retinal detachment is an eye disorder involving the separation of the retina from the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE), the tissue that holds the retina in place. Retinal detachment can occur due to a retinal tear, traction on the retina, or inflammation which allows fluid to build up in the subretinal space thereby causing the retina to begin to separate from supporting RPE tissue. This disorder can also occur due to Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD), Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR), injury, or neovascularization of the fibrous or vascular tissue causing the retina to be detached from the RPE. Such a condition, if not treated immediately, could lead to partial vision loss and potentially even blindness.
Treatment approaches for uncomplicated retinal detachments may include non-surgical techniques such as pneumatic retinopexy, laser photocoagulation, or cryopexy. More complicated retinal detachments require surgical intervention. Due to the risk of infection, which can potentially cause blindness, such surgeries are performed under sterile conditions in order to significantly reduce the potential for infection. Surgical methods include vitrectomy, which is the removal of the vitreous humor; dissection and removal of membranes, in the case of traction retinal detachments; and photocoagulation or cryopexy, in the case of additional retinal tears. Following such a surgical procedure, an intraocular gas tamponade may be used to hold the retina tissue in contact with the RPE which enables the retina to remain attached during the healing process after the surgical procedure.
Since intraocular pressure must be maintained relatively constant during the healing process, the gas chosen is typically one that expands at constant pressure (isobaric process). As such, the intraocular gas tamponade can be a gas bubble of air mixed with an expansile gas such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), hexafluroethane (C2F6), or octafluoropropane (C3F8). The intraocular gas tamponade dissolves over time depending on the gas and concentrations used. For example, sulfur hexafluoride dissolves within 1-2 weeks when mixed with air at a concentration of approximately 20 percent, hexafluoroethane dissolves in approximately 4-5 weeks when mixed with air at a concentration of approximately 16 percent, and octafluoropropane dissolves in approximately 6-8 weeks when mixed with air at a concentration of approximately 12%. Changing the concentrations of these gases affects the duration.
Current practice involves use of gases contained in separate, multi-dose pressurized containers which are then transferred into a syringe for mixing with air and injection into the patient's eye. Therefore, during a surgical procedure, multiple non-sterile and sterile steps are required in order to fill the syringe with a desired concentration of gas and air. These non-sterile and sterile steps are typically performed by the non-sterile operating room circulating nurse and the sterile scrub technician supporting the surgeon in the sterile field. During a first non-sterile step, the circulating nurse prepares the non-sterile re-usable gas container by setting a pressure regulator connected to the gas container at the proper pressure. During a second step, the scrub tech prepares a sterile syringe by connecting a stopcock, filter, and tubing, in series, onto the syringe. During a third step, the tubing is connected to the gas container. The scrub tech carefully passes the free end of the sterile tubing through the invisible sterile barrier to the awaiting non-sterile circulating nurse. The non-sterile circulating nurse receives the tubing and carefully ensures that he/she does not contaminate the scrub tech nor any other of the sterile surfaces; and connects the tubing to the regulator on the gas container. During a fourth step, the syringe is then filled with gas from the container. The scrub tech and circulating nurse coordinate the opening of the pressurized container valve to release gas through the connected tubing, filter, stopcock, and into the syringe. The pressure of the released gas is sufficient to push the syringe plunger along the length of the syringe barrel and thus fill the syringe with gas. The scrub tech ensures that the gas does not push the plunger out of the open end of the syringe barrel and signals to the circulating nurse to close the gas container valve when the syringe approaches a fully filled condition. During a fifth step, the syringe is then purged of all air and gas in order to ensure that a substantial majority of air which may have been present within the syringe, stopcock, filter, and tubing, prior to filling with gas has been purged. The scrub tech turns the stopcock, to provide a means for the air and gas in the syringe to be released to the atmosphere, presses on the syringe plunger, and empties the syringe of all of its contents. The scrub tech then turns the stopcock in the opposite direction, returning the connection pathway to the tubing and the gas container. Steps four and five are repeated several times to further reduce the amount of air that was initially in the syringe, stopcock, filter, and tubing; flushing the majority of the air from the syringe, stopcock, filter, and tubing and purging the system of air. During a sixth step, the syringe is then refilled with gas from the container. The scrub tech detaches the tubing from the filter and signals the circulating nurse to carefully take the tubing, removing it from the sterile field. During a seventh step, the scrub tech does not expel the full contents of the syringe, stopping the plunger such that only a measured volume of gas remains in the syringe. For example, the gas may be expelled such that only 12 mL remains within the syringe. During an eighth step, the scrub tech replaces the used filter with a new sterile filter and draws filtered room air into the syringe until the total air/gas mixture in the syringe is at a proper volume for the desired gas concentration.
For example, atmospheric air may be drawn into the syringe such that the total volume of air and gas is 60 mL therefore achieving a concentration of 20 percent. Since the pressurized containers are non-sterile, and the syringe and surgical area are sterile, completing the above-mentioned steps must be performed by at least one party in the non-sterile field (typically the circulating nurse), a second party in the sterile field (typically the scrub tech), and requires the coordination and communication between the two parties.
The procedure requires a complex set of steps which may increase the potential for errors occurring. An error in one of these steps can result in an improper concentration of gas being used which may result in having either an elevated pressure or reduced retinal tamponade duration thereby potentially causing ischemia or failure of the reattachment surgery, both of which potentially causing blindness. Additionally, the current practice results in a significant amount of wasted gas which is both expensive and harmful to the environment. Thus handling of such gases, especially in pressurized containers containing more than one dose, may present potential danger to the operator if mishandled. As such, some countries may even prohibit storage of these pressurized containers in the operating room.
While there have been some approaches to improve the current procedure, such as U.S. Pat. No. 6,866,142 to Lamborne et al., single-dose containers capable of being placed in the sterile field, and the Alcon® Constellation® system which allows filling and purging of gas, these approaches have been insufficient to address all the potential issues. As such, there remains a need in the industry for an improved gas mixing apparatus.
An aspect of at least one of the inventions disclosed herein includes the realization that an intraocular gas injector design can allow a surgeon or a nurse to prepare a gas mixture with a selected concentration level using a simplified procedure. For example, in some known intraocular gas injector devices and procedures, such as conventional syringes, multiple parties can be required to fill the syringe to achieve a desired concentration with one person repeatedly filling and discharging the syringe and another person controlling the flow of a gas contained in an external tank. Additionally, each person must coordinate their actions and perform a multitude of complex steps. This increases the potential for errors in the filling process which could result in an improper concentration being achieved in the syringe prior to injection into a patient. Furthermore, this can increase the time necessary to fill the syringe as the two parties must coordinate their activities and perform multiple steps. The potential for error can be particularly dangerous in certain medical fields, such as ophthalmology, where injection of an improper concentration can result in blindness. Thus, an intraocular gas injector that can be operated by a single person can help reduce the likelihood of error.
Another aspect of at least one of the inventions disclosed herein includes the realization that an intraocular gas injector design can allow for multiple selectable concentration levels thereby allowing one device to be used for different applications and thus potentially further reducing manufacturing costs and waste. For example, some conventional devices can only allow for a preset concentration level to be achieved within the device thereby necessitating the manufacturing and storage of multiple devices having different preset concentration level. This increases both the costs of manufacturing and the cost to a surgeon who needs to purchase multiples of each device to accommodate for different surgical needs. Under such circumstances, some devices can expire thereby requiring the manufacturer or surgeon to dispose of such devices without ever having been used. As such, an intraocular gas injector that allows for multiple concentration levels can serve as a one-size fits all for a surgeon thereby reducing waste.
Another aspect of at least one of the inventions disclosed herein includes the realization that an intraocular gas injector design can allow for automated operation during at least some phases of operation thereby reducing the potential for errors in achieving a proper concentration level. For example, in some known intraocular gas injector devices and procedures, such as conventional syringes, a nurse or other operating room personnel must physically measure the amount of gas contained within a syringe during a first phase of operation. In a situation where a minute change in volume can result in a significant change in concentration, a minor error in this physical measurement can result in an improper concentration being achieved in the syringe after all phases of operation have been completed. Therefore, an intraocular gas injector that automatically measures the volume in the first phase and/or any other phase can reduce the likelihood of an improper concentration being achieved in the injector.
Another aspect of at least one of the inventions disclosed herein includes the realization that an intraocular gas injector design can be made with a canister within the injector, with the canister capable of being filled separately prior to incorporation into the injector, thereby reducing the costs of manufacture. Thus, for example, an intraocular gas injector device can include a separate canister placed within the body of the injector.
Yet another aspect of at least one of the inventions disclosed herein includes the realization that an intraocular gas injector design can incorporate a storage member having an internal valve mechanism thereby reducing the costs of manufacture of the injector. For example, in some designs, the device can use multiple pressure regulation systems, such as check valves, integrated on components of the device to regulate pressure within the device and to control the operation of the device. The integration of pressure regulation systems on components of the device can result in increased manufacturing costs for those components. Thus, the relocation of valves to the storage member can help reduce manufacturing costs of the device if the cost of manufacturing of an internal valve mechanism within the storage member is lower than the cost of manufacturing a valve integrated on other components of the device.
An aspect of at least one of the inventions disclosed herein includes the realization that an intraocular gas injector design can incorporate an interlock mechanism configured to control the movement of an activation switch thereby reducing potential erroneous operation of the injector. For example, in some designs, the device can include an activation switch which can control the operation of the device such as the opening and closing of a pressurized chamber within the device. In some instances, the user can use the activator switch to reopen the pressurized chamber within the device when such opening can cause an improper concentration to be received. An interlock mechanism configured to control the movement of an activation switch can help reduce the likelihood of erroneous operation of the injector.
An aspect of at least one of the inventions disclosed herein includes the realization that an intraocular gas injector design can allow for automated operation during at least some phases of operation when connected to an external pressurized chamber thereby reducing the potential for errors in achieving a proper concentration level. For example, in some known intraocular gas injector devices and procedures, such as conventional syringes, a nurse or other operating room personnel can connect an external gas tank to the syringe and repeatedly fill and discharge gas within the syringe to ensure that the syringe contains mainly gas from the tank. During these refill and discharge cycles, another party may need to open and close a valve on the external gas tank. Thus, for example, an intraocular gas injector can allow the attachment of an external pressurized chamber and automatically reach a configured volume and discharge gas such that the injector contains mainly gas from the external pressurized chamber.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
The following detailed description is merely illustrative in nature and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the subject matter or the application and uses of such embodiments. As used herein, the word “exemplary” means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any implementation described herein as exemplary is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any expressed or implied theory presented in the proceeding technical field, background, brief summary, or the following detailed description.
Certain terminology may be used in the following description for the purpose of reference only, and thus are not intended to be limiting. For example, terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “above”, and “below” refer to directions in the drawings to which reference is made. Terms such as “proximal”, “distal”, “front”, “back”, “rear”, and “side” describe the orientation and/or location of portions of the component within a consistent but arbitrary frame of reference which is made clear by reference to the text and the associated drawings describing the component under discussion. Such terminology may include the words specifically mentioned above, derivatives thereof, and words of similar import. Similarly, the terms “first”, “second”, and other such numerical terms referring to structures.
As used herein, the terms “front” and “distal” refer to the parts of the subject apparatus which are located further away from the user (e.g., surgeon) of the apparatus during an injection operation. As used herein, the terms “rear” and “proximal” refer to the parts of the apparatus which are located closer to the user (e.g., surgeon) of the apparatus during an injection operation.
Apparatus for Mixing Two Gases
With reference to
The mixing system 310a can also include a pressure regulation system to enhance the operation of the mixing system 310a. In some embodiments, the mixing system 310a additionally includes a first pressure regulation system 610a and a second pressure regulation system 710a.
The measurement control system 110a can be in the form of a metering mechanism operatively coupled to any and all devices contained within the mixing system 310a to control certain aspects of the devices contained therein. In some embodiments, the measurement control system 110a can be a variable and user-operable device such that aspects of the device can be modified by the user of the gas mixture apparatus 10a. The activation system 210a can be operatively coupled to the pressurized chamber 410a in order to activate operation of the device and commence the mixing of gases within the mixing system 310a.
The pressurized chamber 410a can contain at least one of the two or more gases to be mixed within the mixing system 310a. In some embodiments, the gas contained within the pressurized chamber 410a can be at a pressure higher than surrounding ambient conditions. Additionally, the pressurized chamber 410a can contain gases at concentrations different from that in the atmosphere. The pressurized chamber 410a can be configured such that it is in fluid communication with the first pressure regulation system 610a. In other embodiments, the pressurized chamber 410a can be in direct fluid communication with the mixing chamber 510a. The pressurized chamber 410a can be configured such that it is internally contained within an injector apparatus. The pressurized chamber 410a can also be configured such that it is external to the injector apparatus. The first pressure regulation system 610a can be configured to maintain a pre-configured pressure differential between the pressurized chamber 410a and the mixing chamber 510a. The mixing chamber 510a can be configured to receive gas from the pressurized chamber 410a either directly or via the first pressure regulation system 610a. In some embodiments, the mixing chamber 510a can additionally be configured to receive a second gas to be mixed from outside the mixing system 310a such as an external gas container or the atmosphere. The mixing chamber 510a can be configured such that it is in fluid communication with the second pressure regulation system 710a at a mixing chamber 510a exit point. In other embodiments, the mixing chamber 510a can be in direct fluid communication with the atmosphere at a mixing chamber exit point. Examples of each of these subsystems are described separately below.
In some embodiments, the measurement control system 110a is configured to control concentrations of the gas within the gas mixture apparatus 10a. In some embodiments, the measurement control system 110a is operatively coupled with the mixing system 310a. Preferably, measurement control system 110a is operatively coupled with either the pressurized chamber 410a or the mixing chamber 510a such that the measurement control system 110a can modify variable aspects of the pressure chamber 410a and/or the mixing chamber 510a. In some embodiments, the measurement control system 110a is capable of controlling characteristics such as, but not limited to, the volume of gas contained within the mixing chamber 510a. Other characteristics, such as pressure, are also contemplated as being controllable by the measurement control system 110a. Preferably, the measurement control system 110a is variable such that a user can be able to select a desired concentration ratio of gas that can be expelled from the gas mixture apparatus 10a. This advantageously allows a user to have only a single gas mixture apparatus 10a for a wide range of desired concentration ratios. As such, the measurement control system 110a can include user-operable switches such as dials which vary the operation of components within the mixing system 310a such as the pressurized chamber 410a, the mixing chamber 510a, the first pressure regulation system 610a, and the second pressure regulation system 710a.
The pressurized chamber 410a is configured to store one or more gases within an interior space of the pressurized chamber 410a for a period of time prior to mixing the two or more gases in the gas mixture apparatus 10a. The conditions within the interior space is configured to be different than those of atmospheric conditions and therefore the interior space should generally reduce the release of such gases out of the interior space or reduce the entry of non-stored gases into the interior space until mixing of the two or more gases is to be performed.
In some embodiments, the one or more gases within the interior space are at a higher pressure than ambient atmospheric conditions. Additionally, the one or more gases can also be gases at concentrations different than those at ambient atmospheric conditions. In some embodiments, the interior space can be divided into separate subsections or portions for holding one or more gases. These separate portions of the interior space can therefore be kept at different pressures and/or different concentrations of gases.
In some embodiments, the gases can additionally be placed in different structural units within the interior space. Such structural units can be used to more effectively reduce the release of stored gases and/or reduce the entry of non-stored gases. In some embodiments, the stored gases of the pressurized chamber 410a are pre-loaded from the time of manufacture. In other embodiments, it is contemplated that the contents of the pressurized chamber 410a can be loaded by a user of the gas mixture apparatus 10a. For example, the stored gases can be contained in a removable cartridge-like device which can advantageously facilitate the replacement of such gases.
In some embodiments, the activation system 210a is configured to activate the operation of the gas mixture apparatus 10a and commence the process of mixing the two or more gases within the mixing system 310a. As such, the activation system 210a is operatively coupled to the mixing system 310a and can be coupled to both the mixing chamber 310a and the pressurized chamber 410a. The activation system can cause the pressurized chamber 410a to activate and release gases contained therein into the mixing chamber 510a. In some preferred embodiments, the activation system 210a can cause the pressure within the pressurized chamber 410a to increase such that the first pressure regulation system 610a is activated thereby allowing fluid flow from the pressurized chamber 410a into the mixing chamber 510a. The activation system 210a can include a device configured to activate a separate portion of the pressurized chamber 410a that contains higher pressure gas than the remainder of the pressurized chamber 410a such that the pressure within a separate section of the pressurized chamber 410a increases. In a preferred embodiment, the activation system 210a can cause a sealed device within the mixing chamber 510a to burst thereby increasing the pressure throughout the pressurized chamber 410a. In such embodiments, the activation system 210a can include a puncturing device capable of bursting the seal. Use of an activation system 210a provides advantages by allowing the gas mixture apparatus 10a to potentially be pre-filled prior to use and safely stored.
The activation system 210a can also be operably coupled to the mixing chamber 510a allowing a user to manually vary certain aspects of the device. In some embodiments, the activation system 210a can be used to modify the volume of the mixing chamber 510a. The activation system 510a can also be used to modify the pressure of the mixing chamber 510a.
In some embodiments, the first pressure regulation system 610a is configured to serve as a separation mechanism between both the pressurized chamber 410a and the mixing chamber 610a. The first pressure regulation system 610a can activate upon reaching a pre-configured pressure differential between both the pressurized chamber 410a and the mixing chamber 510a. In some preferred embodiments, the first pressure regulation system 610a can be comprised of at least one valve assembly. The valve assembly can open when pressure within a portion of the pressurized chamber 410a is higher than the pressure in the mixing chamber 510a. The valve assembly can be a check valve, clack valve, non-return valve, or one-way valve. Such valves can also include ball check valves, diaphragm check valves, swing check valves, stop-check valves, lift-check valves, in-line check valves, and duckbill valves. Other pressure regulation mechanisms can also be used. Additionally, it is contemplated that first pressure regulation system 610a can also be activated by other means other than pressure differentials across the system 610a.
In some embodiments, the mixing chamber 510a is configured to serve as a space within which the two or more gases can be mixed to obtain a desired concentration ratio of the gases. The mixing chamber 510a can be such that the volume can be variable and adjustable based upon use of the activation mechanism. The mixing chamber 510a can receive the gases to mix solely from the pressurized chamber or from gases already existing within the mixing chamber 510a. The mixing chamber 510a can also receive gases from secondary sources. In some embodiments, the mixing chamber 510a can receive air from the atmosphere to mix with the gases received from the pressure chamber 310a and/or gases already existing within the mixing chamber 510a.
In some embodiments, the second pressure regulation system 710a is configured to serve as a separation mechanism between both the mixing chamber 510a and the surrounding atmosphere. The second pressure regulation system 710a can activate upon reaching a pre-configured pressure differential between both the mixing chamber 510a and the surrounding atmosphere. In some preferred embodiments, the second pressure regulation system 710a can be comprised of at least one valve assembly. The valve assembly can open when pressure in the mixing chamber 510a is higher than the pressure in the surrounding atmosphere. The valve assembly can be a check valve, clack valve, non-return valve, or one-way valve. Such valves can also include ball check valves, diaphragm check valves, swing check valves, stop-check valves, lift-check valves, in-line check valves, and duckbill valves. Other pressure regulation mechanisms can also be used. Additionally, it is contemplated that second pressure regulation system 710a can also be activated by other means other than pressure differentials across the system 710a.
Operational Overview
With reference to
During this first phase of operation, as shown in
During the second phase of operation, the mixing chamber 510b can remain at the first volume while pressure within the mixing chamber 510b is bled from the system via the second pressure regulation system 710b. By overfilling the mixing chamber 510b with the desired gas, and then bleeding off that gas, this helps to ensure that a significant amount of atmospheric gas within the mixing chamber 510b, which may have been contained in the mixing chamber 510b prior to activation, is substantially purged from the mixing chamber 510b and displaced by the gas originally contained in the pressurized chamber. Once the pressure within the mixing chamber 510b has reached a configured value based on the configuration of the second pressure regulation system 710b, bleeding of the gas within the mixing chamber 510b ceases and the second phase of operation is complete.
During a third phase of operation, as shown in
One significant advantage of the operation of the apparatus 10b is that the entire process can be performed by a single individual within the sterile field. Furthermore, the process is substantially automated such that the user need only set the measurement control system 210b to a proper setting and the apparatus 210b will automatically perform a substantial majority of the remaining steps. Additionally, the steps automatically performed by the apparatus 10b are those which can normally be most-prone to error such as measuring proper volumes to achieve a desired concentration thereby significantly reducing the risk of obtaining an incorrect concentration of gas in the injectable volume. Inadvertent dilution of the gas with the surrounding atmosphere at the conclusion of the second and third phases of the operation can be reduced or prevented with the incorporation of the second pressure regulation system 710b.
In other embodiments, a fewer or greater number of phases of operation can be performed. In some embodiments, only a single phase of operation can be performed. For example, the pressurized chamber 410a can contain a gas at a pre-set concentration level. During the single phase of operation, the user can activate the apparatus 10b such that a gas or fluid flows from the pressurized chamber 410a and into a second chamber, such as the mixing chamber 510a, until the chamber reaches a configured volume. The gas or fluid can also be expelled or bled off using a pressure regulation system until a desired pressure is achieved within the chamber. After expelling the gas, the apparatus 10b can be ready for use. As should be apparent to one of skill in the art, in such an embodiment, little to no mixing may in fact be performed.
System Overview
With reference to
The pressurized chamber 410b can be comprised of a housing 420, a canister 436 containing a gas, a release mechanism 444 to release the gas contained within the canister 436, a filter 448 to reduce the amount of non-gas or bacteria material flowing out of the housing 420, and a plunger seal 460. The mixing chamber 510b can be comprised of a syringe body 520. The first pressure regulation system 610b can comprise a valve body and associated valve components. The second pressure regulation system 710b can also comprise associated valve components.
Measurement Control System and Activation System
With reference to
With reference to
The metering body 122 can have a generally cylindrical member 130 with a flange 132 at the top end and a channel 134 substantially centered on the cylindrical member 130 and running throughout the entire meter body 122. Since the meter body 122 is configured to control the concentration of the gas in the injectable volume, the meter body 122 can include metering indicators 136 along a surface viewable by a user of the apparatus 10b in a fully assembled state. In the illustrated embodiment, the metering indicators 136 are located on a top surface of the flange 132 although any location which can be viewed by the user can be used. The metering indicators 136 can provide the user of the device with information regarding the operation of the apparatus 10b. In the illustrated embodiment, the metering indicators 136 show a range of numbers from 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22 corresponding to concentrations of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) which would be produced in the injectable volume if the apparatus 10b is activated. As should be apparent to one of skill in the art, the ranges used can depend upon the gas used and the application for the gas. Furthermore, in some embodiments, this range can be further divided to provide enhanced control over the desired concentration.
The metering body 122 can have slots 138, rails 140, and variable stops 142 corresponding to the metering indicators 136. In the illustrated embodiment, the metering body 122 has five separate slots 138 located along an inner surface of the channel 134 which correspond to the five integer values stated above. In other embodiments, the metering body 122 can have fewer or greater slots than the number of values provided by the metering indicators 136.
Corresponding with each of these slots 138 are variable stops 142 which extend inwardly from the slots 138. As illustrated above, these variable stops 142 can extend from the top surface of the flange 132 to a set distance towards the bottom end of the tubular body 130. In some embodiments, the variable stops 142 need not extend from the top surface but instead are minor protrusions at set distances towards the bottom end of the cylindrical member 130. These variable stops 142 are configured to interact with components contained in the plunger body 160 such as a latch 228, or the plunger body 160 itself to control the expansion volume of the mixing chamber 510b during a first and second phase of operation by limiting the rearward extension of the plunger body 160 during these phases (see
On both sides of slots 138 are rails 140 which extend inward from an inner surface of the channel 134. In some embodiments, the rails 140 extend inwardly from the inner surface of the channel 134 a greater distance than the variable stops 142. The rails 140 can be configured to prevent the apparatus 10b from switching to a different concentration value once the apparatus 10b has been activated. This can be particularly important in applications where a specific concentration of gas can be necessary and any minor change in this value can have significantly adverse effects. In the illustrated embodiment, the rails 140 are configured to substantially reduce the likelihood that the plunger body 160 will rotate to a different variable stop 142 during at least the first two phases of operation. In certain embodiments, these rails can be removed if a constantly variable metering device is desired. In such an embodiment, the variable stop 142 could instead have a ramp shape rather than have multiple steps.
Metering body 122 can additionally include a ratchet pawl 144 along an inner surface of channel 134 which extends inwardly toward the center of the channel 134. The ratchet pawl 144 can be hinged and configured such that the ratchet pawl 144 is movably deformable and provides resistance during deformation. This ratchet pawl 144 can correspond to features located on the plunger body 160 to facilitate proper orientation with respect to the selected concentration. Such a mechanism can additionally provide tactile feedback to a user of the device indicating that the proper alignment has been achieved. This tactile feedback can advantageously reduce the likelihood of activation in an improper orientation. Other types of feedback mechanisms and alignment mechanisms can also be used.
With reference to
Tubular frame 162 can additionally comprise a guard 172 which extends outward from the outer surface of the tubular frame 162. The guard 172 can run from the bottom end of the tubular frame 162 to a distance toward the top end of the tubular frame 162. The guard 172 is configured to fit within the slots 138 and rails 140 located along the inner surface of the channel 134 of the metering body 122. As such, the guard 172, when positioned between the rails 140, can prevent the plunger body 160 from rotating. This advantageously can prevent the plunger body 160 from moving to a different variable stop 142 after commencing the first phase of operation and thereby reduce the risk of an improper concentration in the injectable volume. The guard 172 is preferably sized such that, when the plunger body 160 is fully inserted, the guard 172 is only slightly below the rails 140 such that the plunger body 160 can rotate freely to different concentration values during the initial phase of operation (see
Tubular frame 162 can additionally comprise a latch aperture 174 configured to allow a latch 228 located on the activation rod 220 to protrude outward from the tubular frame 162. The latch aperture 174 is preferably centered just above the top-most portion of the guard 172. As will be discussed in detail below, in a first or “closed” position, the latch 228 can not extend beyond the guard 172 and thus would not contact a variable stop 142 (see
Tubular frame 162 can additionally include ratchet slots 176 in the form of cutouts located along its outer surface. The ratchet slots 176 are configured to receive the ratchet pawl 144 of the metering body 122 thereby providing a mechanism for ensuring that the plunger body 160 is properly oriented within the metering body 122 by providing resistance against rotation when the pawl 144 is received within one of the ratchet slots 176. Furthermore, advantageously, at each point where the ratchet pawl 144 is received within the ratchet slots 176, a user of the apparatus 10b can also receive tactile feedback when the plunger body 160 is properly oriented within the metering body 122.
Selector ring 166 can be an annular protrusion extending from the outer surface of the tubular frame 162. The selector ring 166 can additionally include a selector indicator 178 which can take the form of a minor protrusion located on the selector ring 166. Selector indicator 178 can correspond to the metering indicators 136 located on the metering body 122 to indicate the concentration level that will be obtained when the plunger body 160 is oriented in that position. Such a system can advantageously provide a user of the device with easily viewed information regarding the selected concentration level. The selector indicator 178 can advantageously be colored to facilitate use of the apparatus 10b.
The handle 164 can extend in two opposite directions in a radial direction from the longitudinal axis of the tubular frame 162. Handle 164 can be shaped such that a user of the apparatus 10b can contact the handle 164 and use the handle to either further extend the plunger body 160 rearward and out of the apparatus 10b or further depress the plunger body 160 frontward into the apparatus 10b. Handle can additionally include a pin aperture 180 for receiving a coupling mechanism for the activation switch 260. The activation switch 260 can thereby rotate about the coupling mechanism in order to operate the actuation rod 220 located within the plunger body 160.
With reference to
The activator switch 260 is configured to translate the actuator rod 220 through the plunger body 160 and through the housing 420 of the pressurized chamber 410b to activate the release of gas contained therein. As such, the activator switch 260 can be a cam with a contoured profile 262 along the surface configured to contact the actuator stem 224. Activator switch can also have an aperture 264 configured to receive a pin 266 such that the activator switch 260 can rotate about the pin 266. In the illustrated embodiment, the activator switch 260 is shown in a first or “closed” position. In this first position, the distance between the pin 266 and the contoured surface 262 in contact with the actuator stem can be a reduced distance such that the actuator rod remains in a first or “closed” position. However, when rotated about the pin 266 to a second or “open” position, the distance between the pin 266 and the contoured surface 262 in contact with the actuator stem 224 can be an increased distance thereby translating the actuator rod 220 to a second or “open” position further into the housing 420 of the pressurized chamber 410b. As will be discussed in greater detail with respect to
With reference to
Pressurized Chamber and First Pressure Regulation System
With reference to
With reference to
The canister 436 has a first or rearward end in contact with the actuator pin 222 and a sealed second or frontward end 437. At one end of the canister 436 is a seal 438 which substantially reduces leakage of any gas from the first separate portion 432 to the second separate portion 434. This advantageously reduces the likelihood of gases from leaking out of the actuator aperture 440 and out of the apparatus 10b.
The housing can also include a biasing mechanism 442, such as a spring, which exerts a force on the seal in a direction away from the second end of the housing 420. In the illustrated embodiment, the biasing mechanism 442 is located in the first separate portion 432. This reduces the likelihood of the canister 436 moving into the first separate portion 432 and potentially releasing the gas contained therein without having been activated by the user. Furthermore, biasing mechanism 442 can also provide a counter-force against activation such that a user can not accidentally activate the device. It is preferable that the biasing mechanism 442 be configured to exert a sufficient force such that, after the first and second phases of operation are complete and the activation switch 160 is returned to a first or “closed” position, the biasing mechanism 442 exerts sufficient force such that actuator rod 220 is returned to its first or “closed” position thereby causing the latch 228 to return to its first or “closed” position. Once latch 228 returns to its first or “closed” position, the extension of the plunger body 160 is no longer limited and the third phase of operation can commence. If the biasing mechanism 442 does not exert sufficient force on the actuator rod 220, entering into the third phase of operation could be made significantly more difficult.
Housing can also have a release mechanism 444, such as a needle or a pilot tip as illustrated in this embodiment of the apparatus 10b, which can be configured to puncture the sealed second end 437 of the canister 436 to release gas into the first separate portion 432 through the release mechanism 444 due to a channel 446 running axially through release mechanism 444. Due to the high pressure in the first separate portion 432, the first pressure regulation system 610b can open allowing the gas to escape to the front of the plunger seal 460 and into the mixing chamber 510b. In some embodiments, a filter 448 can be placed along the flow path such that there is a reduced likelihood of foreign materials entering into the mixing chamber 510b. This can be particularly important when the gas can be placed into areas highly sensitive to the presence of foreign materials such as bodily cavities. The presence of foreign materials can cause infection or other harm. In some embodiments, the filter 448 can be configured to filter out bacteria to sterilize the air.
Plunger seal 460 is configured to partially define the injectable volume of the mixing chamber 510b by creating a seal for the mixing chamber 510b. Plunger seal 460 can have a generally cylindrical body with annular protrusions 464 configured to contact an inner surface of the mixing chamber 510b and a conical or frustoconical face 466 at a frontward end. The frustoconical face 466 can additionally comprise an aperture 468 centered about the cylindrical body configured to receive components of the first pressure regulation system 610b. Furthermore, the body can also have an opening 470, defined by the lip 462, on the rearward end configured to receive the housing 420.
With continued reference to
With reference to
This configuration for the first pressure regulation system 610b is advantageous due to the multiple phases of operation of the apparatus 10b. During the first and at least part of the second phase of operation, the pressure differential causes the valve to remain open. However, once the pressure differential is insufficient to overcome the threshold value, the valve remains in a closed position preventing any additional gas from flowing into the mixing chamber and potentially disrupting the calculated pressures/concentrations.
With reference to
With reference to
During operation, the second pressure regulation system 710b is opened during a first and second phase of operation due to the increased pressure contained in the mixing chamber 510b. Once the pressure differential is insufficient to cause valve body 720 to open, the second phase of operation is complete and the user can proceed to the third phase of operation.
With reference to
With continued reference to
As with other embodiments of metering dials or similar metering mechanisms, this embodiment can also include metering indicators 836 located along a surface of the metering body 820. In this illustrated embodiment the metering indicators 836 are located on a top surface of the flange 832 although any other viewable location can be used such as, for example, along the perimeter portion of the flange 832. In the illustrated embodiment, the metering indicators 836 show a range of numbers from 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22 corresponding to concentrations of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) which can be produced in an injectable volume of the assembly. As should be apparent to one of skill in the art, the ranges used can depend upon the gas used and the application for the gas. In some embodiments this range can be further divided to provide greater precision and control over the desired concentrations.
As with other embodiments of metering dials and other metering mechanisms, the metering body 822 can have slots 838, rails 840, and variable stops corresponding to the metering indicators 836. As more clearly shown in
The operation of the variable stops of the illustrated embodiment of the metering dial 820 can be similar to that of other embodiments of metering dials and metering mechanisms. The variable stops can be configured to interact with components contained within the plunger body 860, such as a latch 928 or similar protruding structure, to control expansion of a chamber for an injectable volume during at least some phases of operation. In some embodiments, the variable stops can perform this task by limiting the rearward extension of the plunger body 860 during different phases. As such, the variable stops extend different distances depending upon the concentration to which the stop corresponds.
With continued reference to
As illustrated more clearly in
With reference to
The tubular frame 862 can include retention wings or clips 870 located at an end opposite of the handle 864. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the retention wings 870 can be partially cylindrical protrusions separated by two or more cutouts or slits 871. As such, depending on the material used, the retention wings 870 can be bent outwardly when receiving a component within the channel 868. In some embodiments, the retention wings 870 can each include a semi-annular lip along an interior surface of the retention wings 870 which corresponds to an annular slot of a component inserted within the channel 868. For example, in some embodiments, the semi-annular lip can correspond to an annular slot 1024 located on a second housing member 1022 (see
With continued reference to
The guard 872, when positioned between the rails 840, can prevent or substantially reduce the likelihood that the plunger body 860 will rotate after activation. This advantageously can prevent or reduce the likelihood of the plunger body 860 rotating during phases of operation which may cause an erroneous concentration of fluid in the injectable volume. The guard 872 can be sized such that, when the plunger body 860 is fully inserted within the channel 834, the guard 872 can be slightly below the rails 840 such that the plunger body 860 can rotate freely to select different concentration values while in a first, “initial,” or “pre-activation” position. However, because the guard 872 is only slightly below the rails 840, once extended a short distance, the guard 872 can become positioned between the selected rails 840. This positioning advantageously allows the guard 872 to lock shortly after activation of the apparatus. Furthermore, the guard 872 can extend outwardly from the tubular frame 860 only a sufficient distance to contact the rails 840 but not sufficiently outwardly to contact variable stops or similar features located between the rails 840.
With continued reference to
As described in greater detail below, in a first, “initial”, or “pre-activation” position, the latch 928 can be sized so as to not extend beyond the guard 872 and thus not contact a variable stop or similar structure. When in a second or “open” position, the latch 928 can extend outwardly from the tubular frame 862 beyond the guard 872 such that the latch 928 can contact the variable stops or similar structures thereby preventing or significantly reducing the likelihood of further extension of the plunger body 860 while the latch is in the second position. As with other embodiments of the plunger body 860, in some embodiments the latch aperture 874 can be placed such that, if the plunger body 860 is improperly oriented within the metering dial 820 during an initial or “pre-activation” phase of operation, the latch 928 can be prevented from extending outwardly into the second or “open” position by a rail 840 of the metering dial 820. Furthermore, similar to other embodiments of latch mechanisms, this can also prevent or at least substantially reduce the likelihood that a user will be able to operate the activation switch 960 thereby preventing or substantially reducing the likelihood that a user will activate the apparatus when in an inoperable position.
Selector member 866 can be a protrusion extending from the outer surface of the tubular frame 862. The selector member 866 can additionally include a selector indicator 876 which can take the form of a minor protrusion located on the selector ring 866. Selector indicator 876 can correspond to the metering indicators 836 located on the metering body 822 to indicate the concentration level that will be obtained when the plunger body 860 is oriented in that position when activated.
With continued reference to
As will be described in more detail with respect to the operation of an interlock mechanism shown in
With reference to
In some embodiments, such as that illustrated in
As is described in further detail below with respect to the operation of an embodiment of the activation system shown in
The actuation rod 920 can include a latch movement portion 926 located between a first end and second end of the actuator body 922. Similar to the latch movement portion of other embodiments of the actuation rods, latch movement portion 926 can be used to translate a latch 928 located thereon such that the latch 928 can protrude from or retract from an aperture or similar structure located on the plunger (e.g., latch aperture 874 located on the plunger body 860).
With continued reference to
With reference to
As shown in
As shown in
With reference back to
With reference again to
As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the interlock portion 974 of the interlock member 970 can be received within a notch or indentation 976 located at an end of the activation switch 960. The shape of interlock portion 974 and the notch or indentation 976 can be chosen such that, while in the first or “initial” position, the activator switch 960 can be prevented or restricted from rotating in a clockwise direction towards a horizontally-oriented position (i.e., the third or “closed” position) due to resulting interference between the interlock portion 974 and the activation switch notch 976. Additionally, the shape of the interlock portion 974 can be chosen such that, in the first position, the activation switch 960 can rotate in a counter-clockwise direction towards a more vertically-oriented position (i.e., the second or “open” position). In some embodiments, such as that shown in the illustrated embodiment, the activation switch 960 can include a second contoured surface 978 configured to translate the interlock member 970 towards an opposite end of the handle 864 when the activation switch 960 is rotated from the first to the second position. In some embodiments, movement of the interlock member 970 within the interlock channel 884 towards an opposite end of the handle 864 results in the ends of the interlock clips 972 being translated towards the interlock apertures 882. Upon reaching the interlock apertures 882, the interlock clips 972 which were originally pre-biased inwardly while in the interlock channel 884, expand outwardly such that the interlock clips 972 are received within the interlock apertures 882. In some embodiments, the interlock member 970 can be prevented from translating back towards the activation switch 960 once received within the interlock apertures 882. This can advantageously prevent or at least substantially reduce the likelihood that the interlock member 970 can reengage the activation switch 960 and restrict movement of the activation switch 960.
As such, the interlock mechanism advantageously controls the operation of the activation switch 960 such that a user of the device will not accidentally rotate the switch 960 in an improper position or in an improper order. Furthermore, because a user of the device may have more difficulty rotating the activation switch 960 from the third position to one of the prior two positions, there is a reduced likelihood that a user could potentially alter the concentration of the injectable volume after the final phase of operation. As such, the interlock mechanism advantageously serves as a safety mechanism for operation of the device. In other embodiments, other forms of interlock mechanisms may be used which may include the use of other fasteners, clips, or similar devices. A person of ordinary skill in the art would understand that other types of interlock mechanisms can also be used.
With reference to
With continued reference to
With reference to
As shown in the illustrated embodiment and similar to other embodiments of the pressurized chamber, an annular slot 1024 can be located on the second housing member 1022. In the illustrated embodiment, the annular slot 1024 is located at an end opposite the first housing member 1020 however other possible locations can be chosen. The annular slot 1024 can be sized and configured to receive the retention wings 870 of the plunger body 860 allowing the second housing member 1022 to be fastened to the plunger body 860 using a snap-fit connection. To facilitate insertion of the second housing member 1022 into the channel 868 of the plunger body 860, the inserted end portion can be slightly tapered. In some embodiments, the second housing member 1022 can be removably attached to the plunger body 860 thereby allowing replacement of certain parts contained therein. For example, in some embodiments, a storage member 1030 or canister can be contained within the two-part housing. The two-part housing can also have a plunger end 1060 with a plunger seal 1061 such as a rubber o-ring configured to sealingly contact the syringe body 1120 and form a seal for defining a chamber to contain an injectable volume, such chamber potentially serving as a mixing chamber. Other types of sealing members can be used around the plunger end 1060 to form such a seal.
The first housing member 1020 can include a recessed portion 1026 or indented portion configured to contact and receive a first end of the storage member 1030. The shape of the recessed portion 1026 should preferably correspond to the shape of the first end of the storage member 1030. In other embodiments, the first housing member 1020 may not include a recessed portion 1026. The second housing member 1022 can include an interior space 1028 sized and configured to receive a second end of the storage member 1030. In some embodiments, the interior space 1028 can include a housing seal 1029 in contact with the second end of the storage member 1030. In some embodiments, the housing seal 1029 creates a sufficient seal such that little to no gas leaks rearward through the interior space 1028. In some embodiments, the interior space 1028 can also provide a generally snug fit around the storage member 1030 to ensure that the storage member 1030 generally only translates in a frontward and rearward direction. This advantageously reduces the likelihood of the seal between the second end of the storage member 1030 and the housing seal 1029 from being broken.
With continued reference to
The head 1042 can have a generally tubular shape with an outer diameter matching the inner diameter of the body portion 1040. The head 1042 can have an internal channel and a flange 1044. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the first end of the head 1042 can have an opening with a diameter that matches the diameter of the channel and the second end of the head can have an opening 1046 with a diameter that is less than the diameter of the channel. In some embodiments, the body portion 1040 and the head 1042 can be separate components which are later attached. This potentially advantageously allows for the assembly of internal components of the head 1042 prior to assembly. Once all components are assembled within the head 1042, the head 1042 can be received within the body portion 1040 and fastened using devices and mechanisms such as adhesives, welding, or the like. In some embodiments, such as that illustrated in
The head 1042 can contain a storage member pressure regulation system, which can form part of a first pressure regulation system, and which can take the form of an internal valve mechanism within the channel. The internal valve mechanism can include a retaining ring 1048, a valve seat 1050, an internal biasing member or mechanism 1052 such as a spring, a valve piston 1054, and a piston seal 1056. The retaining ring 1048 can be placed within an annular slot 1058 located on the head 1042. The retaining ring 1048 can be made of an elastic material such that the retaining ring can be deformed prior to fitting into slot 1058. The valve seat 1050 can be placed between the retaining ring 1048 and the second end of the head 1042. In some embodiments, the valve seat 1050 can be a ring having an outer diameter approximately equal to the internal diameter of the head 1042.
The valve piston 1054 can have a generally cylindrical shape and be placed between the seat 1050 and the second end of the head 1042. The outer diameter of the valve piston 1054 can be chosen to be approximately equal to the internal diameter of the head 1042. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the valve piston can include an annular slot configured to receive the piston seal 1056, fluid pathways 1055 or channels located along the perimeter of the piston, and a protrusion 1057. The fluid pathways 1055 can be configured to allow fluid to pass between the valve piston 1054 and the head 1042. In the illustrated embodiment, a total of four fluid pathways are included; however, fewer or greater numbers of pathways can be used. In some embodiments, the protrusion 1057 can be a cylindrical member having a smaller diameter that corresponds to the diameter of the opening 1046. The protrusion 1057 can be configured to fit within the opening 1046. In some embodiments, the protrusion 1057 can be flush with the end surface of the head 1042. In other embodiments, the protrusion 1057 can be recessed within the opening or extend beyond the end surface. A biasing mechanism 1052 can be placed between the seat 1050 and the piston 1054 to apply a force on the valve piston 1054 in a frontward direction such that a seal is formed between the piston seal 1056 and the head 1042. In other embodiments, other types of valve designs can be used such as a ball valve, poppet valve, or any other valve mentioned herein or known in the art.
In some embodiments, the internal biasing mechanism 1052 can be configured such that, when an activation switch is in a first or “pre-activation” position, the internal valve mechanism will not open as a result of any forces applied to it such as the force applied to the storage member 1030 via the first housing member 1020 as a result of the rod biasing mechanism 924. In some embodiments, the internal biasing mechanism 1052 can be configured such that, when an activation switch is in a second or “open” position, the internal valve mechanism will open as a result of forces applied to it. In some embodiments, the internal biasing mechanism 1052 can be configured such that, when an activation switch is in a third or “closed” position, the internal valve mechanism will not open as a result of any forces applied to it such as the force applied to the storage member 1030 via the first housing member 1020 as a result of the rod biasing mechanism 924.
In some embodiments, the storage member 1030 can include other structures such as filters integrated in portions of the storage member 1030 such as the head 1042. The storage member 1030 can include membranes or other sealing structures placed over the head 1042 and over the opening 1046 to provide an additional seal which can advantageously extend the shelf life of the storage member 1030. The membrane or sealing structure can be punctured by a protruding member, such as a pin 1059, or any other similar release mechanism. In some embodiments, the release mechanism can be a porous material, for example, known as “frit”. The storage member 1030 can also include additional valve members which can serve as a relief valve to reduce the likelihood of rupturing if the pressure contained within the storage member 1030 exceeds certain operational limits. The storage member 1030 can also be configured to rupture in a controlled manner to reduce the likelihood of catastrophic failure.
In some embodiments, the storage member 1030, and the internal components such as the internal valve, is manufactured from materials that are both small and light-weight. The material can also be flexible. In some embodiments, the materials and dimensions of the storage member 1030 can be chosen such that the storage member 1030 resists diffusion of gas through the walls of the storage member 1030. This can provide the advantage of increasing storage life of the storage member 1030 when a gas is contained therein. In some embodiments, the length of the storage member 1030 from a rearward most end of the body 1040 and a frontward most end of the head 1042 can range from approximately 15 mm to approximately 65 mm, from approximately 20 mm to approximately 45 mm, and from approximately 25 mm to approximately 35 mm, such as 29 mm. In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the body 1040 can range from approximately 4 mm to approximately 25 mm, from approximately 6 mm to approximately 20 mm, and from approximately 8 mm to approximately 15 mm, such as 9.5 mm. In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the head 1042, not including a flange portion can range from approximately 2 mm to approximately 20 mm, from approximately 4 mm to approximately 15 mm, and from approximately 6 mm to approximately 10 mm, such as 7.5 mm.
With continued reference to
With reference to
With continued reference to
In a first position, such as that illustrated in
In a second position, the valve body 1220 and valve end 1222 can be translated in a rearward direction against the valve biasing member 1230. For example, this can be accomplished by applying a force in the rearward direction upon the valve end 1222. In the second position, contact between the valve piston 1224 and an internal protruding member 1126 of the syringe body 1120 can cause the valve piston 1224 to move in a rearward direction relative to the valve body 1220 and valve end 1222 such that the valve piston 1224 no longer sealingly contacts the valve body 1220. This could, in some embodiments, allow the passage of fluid to and from the chamber for an injectable volume. In some embodiments, the pressure regulation system can be forced into a second position when an inline filter is threaded onto the threaded nozzle 1124. For example, an attachment 760 as illustrated in
External Gas Filling
In some embodiments, the pressurized chamber can be external to the apparatus. In such embodiments, the pressurized chamber can be a tank or other canister containing the gas in liquid or gaseous (or a combination) form. In some embodiments, the tank can be attached to the threaded nozzle via tubing or other mechanisms. The connection between the threaded nozzle and tubing can cause the pressure regulation system located on the apparatus to be forced open thereby allowing the gas from the tank to be input into the chamber. In some embodiments, introduction of the gas from the tank can be performed during a first phase of operation. As such, the gas from the tank can fill the apparatus with gas until the apparatus reaches a configured first volume. In some embodiments, the tank can have a regulator such that the apparatus is filled with gas at a regulated pressure. The connection can then be removed from the threaded nozzle, allowing the valve to function normally. In some embodiments, since the gas can be at a higher pressure than atmospheric air and can exceed a threshold value for the pressure regulation system, the gas can be expelled or bled from the system until a configured pressure is achieved in the apparatus. Once the configured pressure is achieved in the apparatus, the remaining phases of operation can then be completed in a similar manner to those in the above-described embodiments.
The foregoing description is that of an apparatus and method for mixing and/or injecting gases having certain features, aspects, and advantages in accordance with the present inventions. Various changes and modifications also can be made to the above-described gas mixture apparatus and method without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventions. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other objects or advantages as can be taught or suggested herein. In addition, while a number of variations of the invention have been shown and described in detail, other modifications and methods of use, which are within the scope of this invention, will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art based upon this disclosure. It is contemplated that various combinations or subcombinations of the specific features and aspects of the embodiments can be made and still fall within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments can be combined with or substituted for one another in order to form varying modes of the disclosed gas mixture apparatus.
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/658,765 filed Jun. 12, 2012, entitled INTRAOCULAR GAS INJECTOR and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/799,840 filed Mar. 15, 2013, entitled INTRAOCULAR GAS INJECTOR, the entire contents of both of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference.
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