Patent Application
20230116694
This disclosure relates to intraocular lenses and more particularly, to intraocular lenses for reducing, minimizing, and/or eliminating peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia (e.g., negative and/or positive peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia).
Intraocular lens (IOL) implants are lenses implanted into an eye. An IOL may be implanted into an eye to restore, improve, or maintain the vision of the eye. IOLs may be utilized following cataract surgery in which the natural crystalline lens of the eye is removed and replaced with an IOL. An eye that has had its natural lens replaced by an IOL is commonly referred to as “pseudophakic.”
While IOLs are widely used as part of cataract surgery and/or the treatment of near-sighted, far-sighted, and/or astigmatic eyes, IOL implant patients sometimes complain about a phenomenon referred to as peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia (PPD). This phenomenon, which can range from being an inconvenience to being visually disturbing, may manifest in two forms—positive and/or negative PPD. Positive PPD is reported by IOL implant patients to be a relatively bright transient light patch in the far peripheral field of a patient's eye. In contrast, negative PPD is perceived as a “dark” or ‘missing’ band or region or patch in the far peripheral field of a patient's eye. In some cases, the PPD may be significant enough that the IOL implant may be removed and replaced by a different IOL (e.g., an IOL with a different design).
Accordingly, there is a need for intraocular lenses for reducing, minimizing, and/or eliminating PPD. Exemplary embodiments may reduce, substantially reduce, minimize, and/or eliminate the effects of PPD (e.g., negative and/or positive PPD) and/or have other advantages as discussed herein. The present disclosure is directed to solving these and other problems disclosed herein. The present disclosure is also directed to pointing out one or more advantages to using exemplary IOL implants described herein.
The present disclosure is directed, at least in part, to overcoming and/or ameliorating one or more of the problems described herein.
The present disclosure is directed, at least in part, to an intraocular lens for reducing, minimizing, and/or eliminating peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia (e.g., negative and/or positive peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia).
The present disclosure is directed, at least in part, to an intraocular lens for reducing, minimizing, and/or eliminating peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia (e.g., negative and/or positive peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia) by redirecting light rays from peripheral field angles onto retinal locations of the eye that are otherwise void (or substantially void) of peripheral illumination, thus reducing, minimizing, and/or eliminating PPD.
The present disclosure is directed, at least in part, to an intraocular lens comprising: an optic zone; and a control zone positioned peripherally relative to the optic zone and configured to reduce, minimize, and/or eliminate negative peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia (PPD).
In some embodiments, the optic zone may comprise a front (anterior) optic surface, a back (posterior) optic surface, a thickness (between front and back optic surfaces which may be constant or vary radially and/or vary circumferentially and/or vary transversely across at least a portion of the optic zone), and a refractive index.
In some embodiments, the control zone may comprise a front (anterior) control surface, a back (posterior) control surface, and an edge. In some embodiments, the control zone may have a thickness that varies radially. For examples, in some embodiments, the thickness may increase towards the periphery or the thickness may decrease towards the periphery.
In some embodiments, the optic zone may comprise a prescribed optical power.
In some embodiments, the optic zone may be configured to deliver an optical power within a large range.
In some embodiments, the optic zone may incorporate any combination of one or more of multifocal optics, which may be refractive and/or diffractive or combinations thereof, for supporting near vision, extended depth of focus optics for supporting near vision, and toric optics for correcting astigmatism.
In some embodiments, the optic zone may be located in a central portion of the IOL and may provide an optical power for supporting vision of the patient.
In some embodiments, the control zone may be positioned towards the periphery of the IOL but may be not extend to the very edge of the IOL.
In some embodiments, the control zone may be positioned towards the periphery of the IOL and extend to the very edge of the IOL.
In some embodiments, the control zone may be configured to control PPD.
In some embodiments, the control zone may be configured to refract light to the dark band region to reduce, significantly reduce, and/or eliminate the occurrence/perception of PPD.
In some embodiments, the control zone may be configured to intercept a portion of oblique light rays (e.g., from light incident on the eye from peripheral field angles) passing through the pupil and redirect and/or distribute the rays to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band.
In some embodiments, the location where the redirected and/or redistributed light hitting the retina may be achieved by appropriate configurations of a back control surface, a front control surface, width of the edge, and/or the thickness or thickness profile of the IOL at the control zone.
In some embodiments, a boundary between the optic zone and the control zone may form an optic-control junction comprising a front optic-control junction that marks the boundary or transition from the front optic surface to the front control surface and a back optic-control junction that marks the boundary or transition from the back optic surface to the front control surface.
In some embodiments, the size (diameter if circular) of the optic zone may be determined by the position of the front optic-control junction and/or the back optic control junction.
In some embodiments, the front optic-control junction may be a point (when viewed as a meridional cross-section) at which the front optic and control surfaces meet.
In some embodiments, the front optic-control junction may be a region (e.g., annulus for a circular IOL) over which the front optic surface transitions (or is blended) to the front control surface.
In some embodiments, the back optic-control junction may be a point (when viewed as a meridional cross-section) at which the back optic and control surfaces meet.
In some embodiments, the back optic-control junction may be a region (e.g., annulus for a circular IOL) over which the back optic surface transitions (or is blended) to the back control surface.
In some embodiments, the position of the front optic-control junction may be set such that the size of the optic zone matches (or closely matches) the size of the patient's pupil.
In some embodiments, the position of the back optic-control junction may be set such that the size of the optic zone matches (or closely matches) the size of the patient's pupil.
In some embodiments, the size of the optic zone may be slightly smaller or larger than the size of the patient's pupil and does not significantly disturb vision.
In some embodiments, the back optic-control junction position may be more peripheral than that of the front optic-control junction.
In some embodiments, the front and/or back control surfaces of the control zone may be configured to have particular surface curvatures and/or profiles to redirect and/or distribute light to otherwise dark band regions of the retina.
In some embodiments, the width of the control zone may be as wide as possible to redirect as much light as possible to redirect light to the otherwise dark band region of the retina without significantly impacting vision.
In some embodiments, the back (posterior) control surface, together with the curvature/surface profile of the front (anterior) control surface may redirect and/or distribute light to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band.
In some embodiments, the back control surface may be convex towards the back of the eye (e.g., concave towards the front of the eye).
In some embodiments, the back control surface may have a steeper curvature (e.g., shorter radius of curvature) than the back optic surface.
In some embodiments, the back control surface profile may vary in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature changes) between back optic-control junction and the edge of the IOL.
In some embodiments, the back control surface profile may be gradually increasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) towards the edge of the IOL.
In some embodiments, the back control surface profile may be gradually decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) towards the edge of the IOL.
In some embodiments, the back control surface profile may be gradually decreasing and then gradually increasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer and then shorter) towards the edge of the IOL.
In some embodiments, the back control surface profile may be gradually increasing and then gradually decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter and then longer) towards the edge of the IOL.
In some embodiments, the back control surface profile may be defined by an aspheric curve; definable by mathematical functions including conics, polynomials, Bezier curves, spline curves, Fourier series, wavelets, or combinations of two or more of such functions.
In some embodiments, a slope of the back control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL may be such that as the back control surface progresses radially outwards (e.g., from axis of the IOL towards the peripheral retina), points on the back control surface become positioned more anteriorly (e.g., towards the iris).
In some embodiments, the absolute value of an angle of a slope relative to a frontal plane of the intraocular lens of the back control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL may be greater than the absolute value of an angle of a slope relative to the frontal plane of the back control surface at the back optic-control junction.
In some embodiments, an angle of a slope of the back control surface relative to a frontal plane of the intraocular lens, at or proximal to the back control-edge junction is more negative in value than an angle of a slope of the back control surface relative to the frontal plane of the intraocular lens at or near to the back optic-control junction.
In some embodiments, a slope of the back control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL and the edge surface may form an angle of less than 90 degrees, about 90 degrees, and/or greater than 90 degrees.
In some embodiments, a slope of the back control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL and the edge surface may form an angle of between 700 and 110°, or between 750 and 105°, or between 800 and 100°.
In some embodiments, the back control surface may be C0-continuous with the back optic surface (e.g., the back control surface meets the back optic surface without a ledge or jump).
In some embodiments, the back control surface may be C1-continuous with the back optic surface (e.g., the back control surface has a common tangent with the back optic surface where they meet).
In some embodiments, the back control surface may be C2-continuous with the back optic surface (e.g., the back control surface has the same instantaneous curvature as the back optic surface at the point where they meet).
In some embodiments, the front control surface may be convex towards the back of the eye (e.g., concave towards the front of the eye).
In some embodiments, the front control surface may have a steeper curvature (e.g., shorter radius of curvature) than the back optic surface.
In some embodiments, the front optic surface may be a positive refracting surface which is convex towards the front of the eye.
In some embodiments, the front control surface profile may vary in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature changes) towards the edge of the IOL.
In some embodiments, the front control surface profile may be gradually increasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) between front optic-control junction and the edge of the IOL.
In some embodiments, the front control surface profile may be gradually decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) towards the edge of the IOL.
In some embodiments, the front control surface profile may be gradually decreasing and then gradually increasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer and then shorter) towards the edge of the IOL.
In some embodiments, the front control surface profile may be gradually increasing and then gradually decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter and then longer) towards the edge of the IOL.
In some embodiments, the front control surface profile may be defined by an aspheric curve; definable by mathematical functions including conics, polynomials, Bezier curves, spline curves, Fourier series, wavelets, or combinations of two or more of such functions.
In some embodiments, a slope of the front control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL may be such that as the front control surface progresses radially outwards (e.g., from axis of the IOL towards the peripheral retina), points on the front control surface become positioned more anteriorly (e.g., towards the iris).
In some embodiments, the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to a frontal plane of the intraocular lens of the front control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL may be greater than the absolute value of an angle of a slope relative to a frontal plane of the intraocular lens of the front control surface at the front optic-control junction.
In some embodiments, an angle of a slope of the front control surface relative to a frontal plane of the intraocular lens, at or proximal to the front control-edge junction is more negative in value than an angle of a slope of the front control surface relative to the frontal plane of the intraocular lens at or near to the front optic-control junction.
In some embodiments, a slope of the front control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL and the edge surface may form an angle of less than 90 degrees, about 90 degrees, and/or greater than 90 degrees.
In some embodiments, a slope of the front control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL and the edge surface may form an angle of between 700 and 110°, or between 750 and 105°, or between 800 and 100°.
In some embodiments, the front control surface may be C0-continuous with the front optic surface (e.g., the front control surface meets the front optic surface without a ledge or jump).
In some embodiments, the front control surface may be C1-continuous with the front optic surface (e.g., the front control surface has a common tangent with the front optic surface where they meet).
In some embodiments, the front control surface may be C2-continuous with the front optic surface (e.g., the front control surface has the same instantaneous curvature as the front optic surface at the point where they meet).
In some embodiments, the back optic surface and the back control surface may meet to create a gradual transition of ray refraction/deflection angles at the back surface for rays within the optic and control zones in the vicinity of the back optic junction.
In some embodiments, the front optic surface and the front control surface may meet to create a gradual transition of ray refraction/deflection angles at the front surface for rays within the optic and control zones in the vicinity of (e.g., proximal to or near to) the front optic junction.
In some embodiments, the curvature/surface profile of the back control surface and/or the curvature/surface profile of the front control surface may redirect and/or distribute light to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band.
In some embodiments, the edge may be formed by the surface between and joining the front and back control surfaces.
In some embodiments, the edge may be sloped so it faces anteriorly such that a normal to the edge surface and an axis of the IOL may form an angle of less than 45°, 40°, 35°, or 30°.
In some embodiments, the edge may be sloped so it faces anteriorly such that a normal to the edge surface and an axis of the IOL may form an angle of less than about 45°, 40°, 35°, 30°, 25°, 20°, 15°, or 10°.
In some embodiments, the edge may be sloped so it faces anteriorly such that a normal to the edge surface and an axis of the IOL may form an angle of about 40°, 35°, 30°, 25°, 20°, 15°, 10°, 5° or 2.5°.
In some embodiments, the edge may be sloped so it faces anteriorly such that a normal to the edge surface and an axis of the IOL may form an angle of between about 35-45° 35-40°, 25-35°, 25-30°, 15-25°, 10-20°, 10-15°, 5-15°, 0-15°, 5-10°, 0-10°, or 10-40°.
In some embodiments, the edge surface may be sloped so the angle of the slope is substantially the same as a by-pass ray (e.g., the direction of a by-pass ray is substantially parallel to the surface of the edge).
In some embodiments, a width of the edge surface may be about 2.5 mm, 2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.25 mm or 0.1 mm.
In some embodiments, a width of the edge surface may be less than about 2.5 mm, 2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm or 0.25 mm.
In some embodiments, the edge surface may be treated to alter its optical characteristics (e.g., one or more of transmission/opacity, scattering/diffusing, spectral transmission, reflectance, etc.).
In some embodiments, the treatment may eliminate or reduce the propagation of light rays that may refract or reflect off the edge either from aqueous to lens (from outside inwards) or from lens to aqueous or vitreous (from inside outwards), or from lens to lens (internal reflection), or from aqueous to aqueous (external reflection).
In some embodiments, the edge surface may be a smooth refracting or reflecting surface, or possesses optical features such as diffraction gratings, meta-surfaces (e.g., nano-optics pillars), frosting (e.g., similar to shower screens to render the surface scattering/diffusing).
In some embodiments, a front control-edge junction may be the location where the front control surface, or a region or zone more peripheral than the front control surface, and the edge of the IOL meet.
In some embodiments, a front control-edge region may be the region on the front surface where the front control surface, or a region or zone more peripheral than the front control surface, joins to the edge of the IOL.
In some embodiments, when regarded as a meridional cross-section, the front control-edge junction may be a sharp corner, a radiused/rounded corner, a chamfered corner, a filleted corner, or a profile that joins the front control surface to the edge.
In some embodiments, a back control-edge junction may be the location where the back control surface, or a region or zone more peripheral than the back control surface, and the edge of the IOL meet.
In some embodiments, a back control-edge region may be the region on the back surface where the back control surface, or a region or zone more peripheral than the back control surface, joins to the edge of the IOL.
In some embodiments, when regarded as a meridional cross-section, the back control-edge junction may be a sharp corner, a radiused/rounded corner, a chamfered corner, a filleted corner, or a profile that joins the back control surface to the edge.
In some embodiments, the intraocular lens may be a supplementary intraocular lens that is implanted to operate in conjunction with (e.g., in combination with, together with) another intraocular lens (e.g., an existing IOL that has been implanted previously). For example, the required prescriptive power is provided by the combination of optical power of the existing IOL and the supplementary intraocular lens, and the supplementary intraocular lens comprises a control zone that is configured to reduce, minimize, and/or eliminate peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia.
Other features and advantages of the subject matter described herein will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.
Aspects of the embodiments described herein may be understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying figures.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the provided subject matter. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. In addition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.
The subject headings used in the detailed description are included for the ease of reference of the reader and should not be used to limit the subject matter found throughout the disclosure or the claims. The subject headings should not be used in construing the scope of the claims or the claim limitations.
The terms “about” as used in this disclosure is to be understood to be interchangeable with the term approximate or approximately. In some instances, the term “about” may be understood to be interchangeable with the term approximal or approximally.
The term “comprise” and its derivatives (e.g., comprises, comprising) as used in this specification is to be taken to be inclusive of features to which it refers, and is not meant to exclude the presence of additional features unless otherwise stated or implied.
The term “intraocular lens (“IOL”) as used herein is any lens implanted in the eye for restoration, partial restoration, correction, and/or improvement of vision. The IOL may be used following cataract surgery in which the natural crystalline lens is removed and replaced by an IOL. An eye that has had its natural lens replaced by an IOL is referred to as “pseudophakic.”
Also as used herein, intraocular lens may refer to a singular (e.g., stand-alone, or monolithic) intraocular lens that is implanted alone for pseudophakia, or may refer to one or more of a system of intraocular lenses that are implanted to operate in combination (e.g., conjunction, or together) to provide the required vision correction, or may refer to a supplementary intraocular lens that is implanted to operate in combination with (e.g., in conjunction with, or together with, or in unison with) an existing (e.g., implanted earlier) intraocular lens to provide a ‘supplementary’ function such as reduction, minimization and/or elimination of peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia.
As illustrated, a beam of light rays 110 is incident onto the eye at about an 89.3 degree field angle (e.g., 89.3 degrees from the axis 116 of the eye). Anterior chamber rays 111 are light rays that are refracted by the cornea 101 into the anterior chamber. In some embodiments, some anterior chamber rays may be blocked by the iris 104. Refracted rays (e.g., arriving at retinal position 112) are light rays that after refraction by the cornea 101 and traversal of the anterior chamber, passes through the opening of the pupil 105, are refracted by the IOL 106 and ultimately reaches a portion of the retina 103. By-pass rays (e.g., arriving at retinal position 113) are light rays that after refraction by the cornea 101 and traversal of the anterior chamber and passing through the pupil 105, miss the IOL 106 and directly reach a portion of the retina 103. Due to the obliquity of the rays, the diameter of the pupil, the diameter of the IOL and/or the implantation depth of the IOL, the by-pass rays miss the IOL and are therefore not refracted by the IOL—that is, they by-pass the IOL to directly reach the retina.
As used herein, the “implantation depth” of an IOL is the distance between the iris/pupil of the eye and the IOL. The implantation depth may vary according to the anatomy or geometry of the eye, the design of the IOL (e.g., the design of the haptic for fixing, aligning or centering the IOL in the eye), and/or the surgical procedure used to implant the IOL. The IOL of the present invention may employ any of a number of haptic designs for fixing, aligning or centering the implanted IOL in the eye such as J-loops, C-loops, plate-shaped haptics, etc. In certain embodiments, the haptic or fixation devices may be attached wholly or in part to the IOL at its lens edge (for example, 1611 in
The “dark band” region 114 is a region on the retinal surface 103 between the portion of the retina intercepting the refracted rays 112 and the portion of the retina intercepting the by-pass rays 113. In some instances, with certain field angles, eye geometry, IOL geometry and/or optical properties, and/or implantation depth, there may be a region on the retina where no light (e.g., no light, substantially no light, minimal light, etc.) reaches regardless of field angle. This dark band region 114 may be considered to be void of photic retinal stimulus and may be perceived by the patient as a dark region in their visual field. In some embodiments, this dark region may be the basis of negative peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia (PPD).
In the computer model of
As previously mentioned, the model in
In the particular model in
A beam of light incident on the eye 100 from the field angle of about 89.3° after refraction by the cornea 101, traverses through and across the anterior chamber. A portion of the anterior chamber rays 111 may be obstructed from further propagation by anatomical features such as the iris 104. Other rays may pass through the pupil 105. Of the rays that pass through the pupil 105, a proportion of rays will be refracted by the optics of the IOL 106. Such refracted rays are directed to the retinal surface 103 at retinal position 112. For a given geometry of an eye and optical properties of the IOL (e.g., that of
For certain combinations of properties of the eye (including combinations of one or more of corneal shape and power, anterior chamber depth, and/or pupil diameter) and IOL properties (including combinations of one or more of power and power profile, lens form or shape, diameter and/or thickness and refractive index of the IOL) as well as physiological and surgical factors such as implantation depth, a dark band region on the retina may exist regardless of the field angle or meridian or azimuth, or azimuthal angle, where a meridian is a plane passing through the eye's axis. For example, incident light arriving from a position on the horizontal plane may be considered to be in the horizontal meridian and a light source lying in a plane at 450 from the horizontal plane may be described by an azimuthal or meridional angle of 45°.
The occurrence of the dark band 114 may explain the phenomenon referred to as negative PPD in which patients (following IOL implantation) report a band, or patch or region, in their visual field which is void of light—that is, a ‘dark band’ across their vision.
Concomitantly, the position of rays that reach the retina after refraction by the IOL at position 112 and rays that reach the more anterior position 113 by-passing the IOL, do depend on the field angle of the incident light 110. As the patient rotates their eye or head to view towards different directions, a bright light source (e.g., similar to a lit streetlamp at night) may appear transiently in that retinal position. This may create the impression of a ‘jump’ or a ‘flash of light’ consistent with reports of positive PPD. For example, if a spot of light is moving towards the patient's peripheral field of vision, from a lower field angle (closer to front-on to the eye's direction of gaze) towards a greater field angle (more peripheral), its rays may initially be refracted by the IOL to a position such as 112 on the retina. As the spot of light moves more peripherally in the patient's field of vision, the light spot on the retina will move more anteriorly. However, at certain more peripheral field angles, rays from the spot of light will by-pass the IOL and appear to ‘jump’ to the more anterior retina position 113, then finally extinguish as the increasing peripheral field angle exceeds the total visual field of the eye. This discontinuity in the perceived light spot movement may give the impression of a ‘flash’ to the patient.
In the ray-intercept plots, the horizontal axis (e.g., 202 in
The vertical axis (e.g., 201 in
This ray-density plot was computed using the model detailed in
On the ray density plot 600 integrating over field angles, the region of the retina irradiated by refracted light rays can be seen as the refracted light region 602. In the modelling, a minor amount of this intensity is contributed to by ‘edge’ rays and is seen as a low intensity cluster 605. More anteriorly, a smaller region representing the positions of the retina irradiated by by-pass rays is seen in the by-pass region 603.
As illustrated, there is a region 604 between the refracted rays retinal region 602 and the by-pass rays retinal region 603 which is void (e.g., substantially void) of light. This is the dark-band region 604 towards which no or minimal light arrives regardless of incident light field angle. This dark-band may provide an explanation for the negative PPD phenomena.
To facilitate understanding and interpretation of
The refracted light region 602 may be understood as the retinal region produced by the summation of refracted light spots (e.g., spots 401 from
The ray-density plot 600 of
From the plot 700, which are results for the IOL modelled in
Reports of negative PPD suggest that the phenomenon is inconsistent and varies between patients and IOL designs. The eye/IOL non-sequential ray-tracing modelling described herein provide an explanation for the apparent inconsistency in reports of negative PPD because the existence of a dark-band appears to vary as a combination of pupil diameter and/or implantation depth of the IOL.
The meridional cross section of
The IOL 1600 comprises an optic zone 1603 and a control zone 1606. In some embodiments, prescribed optical power of the IOL 1600 may be provided by the optic zone 1603.
The optic zone of the IOL may be characterized by any combination of one or more of a front (anterior) optic surface 1604, a back (posterior) optic surface 1605, a thickness (between front and back optic surfaces e.g., along axis 1602), and a refractive index of the IOL material.
In some embodiments, the control zone 1606 may be configured to control PPD (e.g., negative and/or positive PPD). As illustrated, the control zone 1606 may comprise a front (anterior) control surface 1607, a back (posterior) control surface 1608 and an edge 1611. A boundary between the optic zone 1603 and the control zone 1606 forms an optic-control junction. The front optic-control junction 1609 marks the boundary or transition from the front optic surface 1604 to the front control surface 1607. The back optic-control junction 1610 marks the boundary or transition from the back optic surface 1605 to the back control surface 1608.
As the control zone 1606 is positioned towards the periphery of the IOL 1600, the optic zone 1603 (which is more centrally located) of the IOL 1600 may, in some embodiments, function in the same way as conventional IOLs. For example, the optic zone 1603 may be configured to deliver an optical power within a large range. The optic zone 1603 may incorporate any combination of one or more of a range of conventional IOL optics including multifocal optics or extended depth of focus optics for supporting near vision, diffractive optics, toric optics for correcting astigmatism, etc.
In some embodiments, the intersection of the control surfaces 1607, 1608 and the edge 1611 may form junctions 1612, 1613 between the control surfaces and the edge. For example, the front control surface 1607 may meet the edge 1611 at the front control-edge junction 1612 and the back control surface 1608 may meet the edge 1611 at the back control-edge junction 1613.
In some embodiments, the front and/or back control surfaces 1607, 1608 of control zone 1606 may be configured to have particular surface curvatures and/or profiles to redirect and/or distribute light to otherwise dark band regions of the retina. By configuring the control zone 1606 to fill-in (e.g., refract light to) the dark band region, the IOL 1600 may reduce, significantly reduce, and/or eliminate the occurrence/perception of PPD.
In some embodiments, the eye (either with natural crystalline lens, or with IOL) may be approximal to a rotationally symmetric optical system and an axis 1602 may be used to reference directions and radial or transverse distances.
In some embodiments, the optic zone 1603 may be located in the central portion of the IOL and provide the optical power for supporting vision of the patient. Optical characteristics (e.g., power, aberrations, depth of focus, etc.) of the optic zone may be determined by the curvature or profile of the front and back optic surfaces 1604, 1605, the IOL thickness, as well as the refractive index of the IOL material. The optic zone on either or both of the front and back optic zone surfaces 1604, 1605 may be circular or polygonal (e.g., hexagonal) or a freeform shape according to the visual/optic purpose of the optic zone. The size of the optic zone may be a few millimeters (e.g., about 1.5 mm, or about 2 mm, or about 3 mm, or about 4 mm, or 5 about mm or about 6 mm). The thickness of the IOL 1600 may be selected according to the optical requirements or purpose of the optic zone, for example, greater thickness to provide a sufficiently large size optic zone for a higher power IOL (that requires greater surface curvatures or shorter radii of curvature), or lower thickness to enable the IOL to be rolled or folded to facilitate implantation through small corneal incisions. The IOL material may be selected from a range of suitable ophthalmic materials (e.g., conventional ophthalmic materials) including hydrogel, hydrophilic materials, hydrophobic materials, silicone materials, acrylic or acrylate type materials, or more advanced materials such as gradient index (GRIN) or photosensitive materials (e.g., light adjustable), etc. Such IOL materials may have refractive indices ranging from about 1.4 to about 1.6. The surface profile of the front and/or back optic surface 1604, 1605 may be a combination of one or more of spherical (e.g., circle cross section), conic section, polynomials, Zernikes, superconics, Bezier, spline, Fourier, wavelets, kinoform, echelettes, phase steps, annuli, lenslets, lenslet arrays, etc.
In some embodiments, the IOL may utilize optic zone designs and configurations including single-vision at any of a wide range of powers, multifocal or extended depth of focus for facilitating near vision, toric surfaces or power for correcting astigmatism. The optic zone may utilize optical approaches including refractive or diffractive surfaces, or advanced optical surfaces such as meta-surfaces or nanostructures. In some embodiments, the size (diameter if circular) of the optic zone may be determined by either one or both of the position of the optic-control junctions 1609, 1610.
The control zone 1606 may be configured to control negative PPD. In some embodiments, the control zone may be configured to intercept a portion of oblique light rays (e.g., from light incident on the eye from peripheral field angles) passing through the pupil and redirect and/or distribute the rays to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band. In some embodiments, this may be achieved by appropriate configurations of a back control surface 1608, a front control surface 1607, the thickness or thickness profile of the IOL at the control zone 1606 and/or the width (or length, e.g., distance between the control-edge junction points 1612, 1613) of the edge 1611.
In some embodiments, the control zone 1606 may be positioned towards the periphery of the IOL but may not necessarily extend to the very edge of the IOL. In some embodiments, the control zone 1606 may extend to the edge of the IOL. In some embodiments, the width of the control zone 1606 may be as wide as possible to redirect as much light as possible to “fill in” the otherwise dark band region of the retina but without significantly impacting vision.
In some embodiments, the back (posterior) control surface 1608, together with the curvature/surface profile of the front (anterior) control surface 1607, and/or the thickness or thickness profile of the IOL at the control zone 1606, and/or the width (or length, e.g., distance between the control-edge junction points 1612 and 1613) of the edge 1611, may redirect and/or distribute light to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band. In some embodiments, the control zone 1606 may have a thickness that varies radially. For examples, in some embodiments, the thickness may increase towards the periphery or the thickness may decrease towards the periphery.
In some embodiments, the back control surface 1608 may be convex (e.g., substantially convex, or generally convex, i.e., convex when considered across the expanse of the back control surface 1608) towards the back of the eye (e.g., concave towards the front of the eye) as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the back control surface 1608 may have a curvature opposite in sign to the curvature of the back optic surface 1605. For example, the back optic surface 1605 may be a negative refracting surface which is convex towards the front of the eye while the back control surface 1608 may be concave towards the front of the eye; that is, the two surfaces have opposite signs in curvature. When considering the sign of a radius of curvature value, the radius of curvature of a surface may be measured from the surface to the center of curvature. When the direction from the surface to the center of curvature is in the same direction as the direction of travel of incoming light (e.g., from the anterior/front of the eye to the posterior/back of the eye), the radius of curvature is positive in value (i.e., has a positive sign). If the direction from the surface to center of curvature is in the opposite direction to the direction of travel of incoming light, the radius of curvature is negative in value (i.e., has a negative sign). For example, a surface that is convex towards the front of the eye has a positive radius of curvature. The curvature of the surface is determined as the reciprocal of the radius of curvature and its sign matches that of the associated radius of curvature. That is, a surface with a positive radius of curvature has a positive curvature value and conversely, a surface with a negative radius of curvature has a negative curvature value. For example, a surface that is concave towards the front of the eye has a negative radius of curvature and its curvature is also negative in value.
In some embodiments, the back control surface 1608 may vary in curvature (e.g., local curvature or instantaneous curvature) along its profile.
In some embodiments, the back control surface 1608 profile may be increasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) towards the edge 1611 of the IOL 1600. In some embodiments, the back control surface 1608 profile may be decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) towards the edge of the IOL 1600. In some embodiments, the back control surface 1608 profile may decrease in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) then increase in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) towards the edge 1611 of the IOL 1600. In some embodiments, the back control surface 1608 profile may increase in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) then decrease in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) towards the edge 1611 of the IOL 1600.
In some embodiments, the slope relative to (e.g., referenced to, or measured from) a frontal plane along the back control surface 1608 near to the back control-edge junction 1613 is such that as the back control surface 1608 progresses radially outwards (e.g., from axis of the IOL towards the peripheral retina), points on the back control surface 1608 become positioned more anteriorly (e.g., towards the iris). A frontal plane is a plane that is parallel to the plane of the iris (whose aperture forms the pupil) of the eye and is perpendicular to an axis 1602 of the eye.
In some embodiments, the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to a frontal plane of the back control surface 1608 at or near to the back control-edge junction 1613 is greater than the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to a frontal plane of the back control surface 1608 at, or near to, the back optic-control junction 1610.
In some embodiments, a slope of the back control surface 1608, relative to (e.g., referenced to, or measured from) a frontal plane, along the back control surface 1608 in a point or region not coincident with (e.g. not on, not co-located), but is proximal (e.g. near to, in the vicinity of) the back control-edge junction 1613, is such that as the back control surface 1608 progresses radially outwards (e.g., in a direction from axis of the IOL towards the peripheral retina), points on the back control surface 1608 close to (e.g., near to or at) the back control-edge junction 1613 become positioned more anteriorly (e.g., towards the cornea of the eye), and the absolute value of an angle of a slope, relative to a frontal plane, of the back control surface 1608 at the back control-edge junction 1613, is greater than the absolute value of a slope, relative to a frontal plane, of a point or region of the back control surface 1608 not on (e.g. not coincident with, not co-located with) but near to (e.g. proximal to) the back control-edge junction 1613. The distance from the back control-edge junction 1613 to a point or region on the back control surface 1608 that is not on (e.g., not co-located, not coincident with) but proximal to (e.g., near to) the back control-edge junction 1613, may be less than 2 mm, less than 1.5 mm, less than 1 mm, less than 0.5 mm or less than 0.25 mm.
In some embodiments, an angle of a slope of the back control surface 1608, relative to a frontal plane, at (e.g., co-located with, coincident with), or near to (e.g., proximal to, in the vicinity of), the back control-edge junction 1613 is more negative in value than an angle of a slope of the back control surface 1608, relative to a frontal plane at, or near to, the back optic-control junction 1610. For the angle of a slope of an IOL surface (e.g. optic surface, control surface, edge) relative to a frontal plane, the sign of the angle is considered to be positive when a point on a tangent to the surface of the slope becomes more posterior in position (e.g., nearer the back of the eye, or towards the fovea or retina) as the point progresses radially outwards (e.g., away from an axis of the IOL) along a tangent to the surface of the slope. Conversely, the sign of the angle of a slope relative to a frontal plane is considered to be negative when a point on the surface of the slope becomes more anterior in position (i.e., nearer the front of the eye, or towards the cornea or the incoming light source) as the point progresses radially outwards (e.g., away from an axis of the IOL) along a tangent of the surface of the slope. Note that the value of one or both of the angles may be positive or negative in sign in this comparison of such some embodiments. For example, the angle of the slope of the back control surface 1608 at the back optic-junction point 1610 as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the back control surface 1608 profile may be defined by an aspheric curve: definable by mathematical functions including conics, polynomials, Bezier curves, spline curves, Fourier series, wavelets, or combinations of two or more of such functions.
In some embodiments, the back control surface 1608 may be C0-continuous with the back optic surface 1605. For example, the back control surface 1608 may meet the back optic surface 1605 without a ledge or ‘jump’. In some embodiments, the back control surface 1608 may be C1-continuous with the back optic surface 1605. For example, the back control surface 1608 may have a common tangent with the back optic surface 1605 where they meet.
In some embodiments, the back control surface 1608 may be C2-continuous with the back optic surface 1605. For example, the back control surface may have the same instantaneous curvature as the back optic surface at the point where they meet. In some embodiments, this may help ensure a gradual transition of ray refraction/deflection angles or image formation at the back surface for rays within the optic and control zones in the vicinity of the back optic junction 1610.
The front (anterior) control surface 1607 is the surface on the front surface of the IOL 1600 that lies within the control zone 1606. Together with the curvature/surface profile of the back control surface 1608, the thickness or thickness profile of the IOL at the control zone 1606 and/or the width (or length, e.g., distance between the control-edge junction points 1612, 1613) of the edge 1611, the curvature/surface profile of the front control surface 1607 may redirect and/or distribute light to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band.
In some embodiments, the front control surface 1607 may be convex (e.g., substantially convex, or generally convex, e.g., convex when considered across the expanse of the front control surface 1607) towards the back of the eye (e.g., concave towards the front of the eye) as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the front control surface 1607 may have a curvature opposite in sign to the curvature of the front optic surface 1604. For example, the front optic surface 1604 may be a positive refracting surface which is convex towards the front of the eye while the front control surface 1607 may be concave towards the front of the eye; that is, the two surfaces may have opposite signs in curvature.
In some embodiments, the front control surface 1607 may vary in curvature (e.g., local curvature or instantaneous curvature) along its profile.
In some embodiments, the front control surface 1607 profile may be increasing in curvature (e.g., the radius of curvature becomes shorter) towards the edge 1611 of the IOL 1600.
In some embodiments, the front control surface 1607 profile may be decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) towards the edge of the IOL 1600. In some embodiments, the front control surface 1607 profile may decrease in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) then increase in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) towards the edge 1611 of the IOL 1600. In some embodiments, the front control surface 1607 profile may increase in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) then decrease in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) towards the edge 1611 of the IOL 1600.
In some embodiments, the slope relative to (e.g., referenced to, or measured from) a frontal plane along the front control surface 1607 near to (e.g., proximal to, or in the vicinity of) the front control-edge junction 1612 is such that as the front control surface 1607 progresses radially outwards (e.g., from axis of the IOL towards the peripheral retina), points on the front control surface 1607 become positioned more anteriorly (e.g., towards the iris). A frontal plane is a plane that is parallel to the plane of the iris of the eye and is perpendicular to an axis 1602 of the eye/IOL.
In some embodiments, the absolute value of a slope relative to a frontal plane of the front control surface 1607 at or near to the front control-edge junction 1612 is greater than the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to a frontal plane of the front control surface 1607 at the front optic-control junction 1609.
In some embodiments, a slope of the front control surface 1607, relative to (e.g., referenced to, or measured from) a frontal plane, along the front control surface 1607 in a point or region not coincident with (e.g. not co-located, not on), but is proximal to (e.g. near to, in the vicinity of) the front control-edge junction 1612, is such that as the front control surface 1607 progresses radially outwards (e.g., in a direction from axis of the IOL towards the peripheral retina), points on the front control surface 1607 close to (e.g., near to or at) the front control-edge junction 1612 become positioned more anteriorly (e.g., towards the iris), and the absolute value of an angle of a slope, relative to a frontal plane, of the front control surface 1607 at the front control-edge junction 1612, is greater than the absolute value of a slope, relative to a frontal plane, of a point or region of the front control surface 1607 not on (e.g. not coincident with, not co-located with) but proximal to (e.g. near to) the front optic-control junction 1609. The distance from the front control-edge junction 1612 to a point or region on the front control surface 1607 that is not on (e.g., not co-located, not coincident with) but proximal to (e.g., near to) the front control-edge junction 1612, may be less than 2 mm, less than 1.5 mm, less than 1 mm, less than 0.5 mm or less than 0.25 mm.
In some embodiments, an angle of a slope of the front control surface 1607, relative to a frontal plane, at (e.g., co-located with, coincident with), or near to (e.g., proximal to, in the vicinity of), the front control-edge junction 1612 is more negative in value than an angle of a slope of the front control surface 1607, relative to a frontal plane at, or near to, the front optic-control junction 1609.
In some embodiments, the front control surface 1607 profile may be defined by an aspheric curve, definable by mathematical functions including conics, polynomials, Bezier curves, spline curves, Fourier series, wavelets, or combinations of two or more of such functions. In some embodiments, the front control surface 1607 may be C0-continuous with the front optic surface 1604. For example, the front control surface 1607 may meet the front optic surface at a common point, without a ledge or jump.
In some embodiments, the front control surface 1607 may be C1-continuous with the front optic surface 1604. For example, the front control surface 1607 may have a common tangent with the front optic surface 1604 where they meet. In some embodiments, the front control surface 1607 may be C2-continuous with the front optic surface 1604. For example, the front control surface 1607 may have the same instantaneous curvature as the front optic surface 1604 at the point where they meet. In some embodiments, this may help ensure a gradual transition of ray refraction/deflection angles or image formation at the front surface for rays within the optic and control zones in the vicinity of the front optic junction 1609.
The front optic-control junction 1609, also referred to as the front optic-control boundary, is the location or region on the front surface of the IOL 1600 where the front optic surface 1604 meets the front control surface 1607. In some embodiments, the radial/transverse position of the front optic-control junction 1609 may impose a limit on the size of the optic zone 1603. In some embodiments, the front optic-control junction 1609 may be easily definable as an individual point and in some embodiments, the front optic control junction may be a less definable region between the optic zone 1603 and the control zone 1606. In some embodiments, the front optic-control junction 1609 may be a ‘point’ (when viewed as a meridional cross-section) at which the front optic 1604 and control 1607 surfaces directly meet, or may be a region (e.g., annulus for a circular IOL) over which the front optic surface 1604 transitions (or is blended) to the front control surface 1607.
In some embodiments, the position of the front optic-control junction 1609 may be set such that the size of the optic zone 1603 matches (or closely matches) the size of the patient's pupil. In some embodiments, (e.g., due to the Stiles-Crawford Effect), light-rays passing the periphery of the pupil may produce a lesser response by the photo-receptors (e.g., rods and cones) of the retina. Accordingly, matching (or substantially matching) the size of the patient's pupil may not require the front optic-control junction 1609 to be positioned such that size of the optic zone 1603 is the same as the pupil size, but that it can be smaller (or larger) and still not significantly disturb vision.
The back optic-control junction 1610, also referred to as the back optic-control boundary, is the location or region on the back surface where the back optic surface 1605 meets the back control surface 1608. In some embodiments, the radial/transverse position of the back optic-control junction may impose a limit on the size of the optic zone 1603. In some embodiments, the back optic-control junction 1610 may be easily definable as an individual point and in some embodiments, the back optic control junction 1610 may be a less definable region between the optic zone 1603 and the control zone 1606. In some embodiments, the back optic-control junction may be a ‘point’ (when viewed as a meridional cross-section) at which the back optic 1605 and control 1608 surfaces directly meet, or may be a region (e.g., annulus for a circular IOL) over which the back optic surface 1605 transitions (or is blended) to the back control surface 1608.
In some embodiments, the position of the back optic-control junction may be set such that the size of the optic zone 1603 matches (or closely matches) the size of the patient's pupil. In some embodiments (e.g., due to the Stiles-Crawford Effect), light-rays passing the periphery of the pupil may produce a lesser response by the photo-receptors (e.g., rods and cones) of the retina. Accordingly, matching the size of the patient's pupil may not require the back optic-control junction 1610 to be the same as the pupil size, but that may be smaller (or larger) and still not significantly disturb vision. In some embodiments, the back optic-control junction 1610 position may be more peripheral (e.g., further from the axis, closer to the edge) than that of the front optic-control junction 1609.
The edge 1611 of the IOL 1600 is defined as a surface (e.g., substantially cylindrical or conical if the IOL is circular) between and joining the front 1607 and back 1608 surface of the IOL 1600. In some embodiments the edge 1611 may be substantially straight, at least partially curved, and/or undulating or otherwise varying between the front surface 1607 and the back (also more peripheral) surface 1608. In some embodiments, where the control zone 1606 extends to the limit of the lens size, the edge may be formed by the surface between and joining the front and back control surfaces 1607 and 1608 respectively. In some embodiments, the edge 1611 may be sloped so it faces anteriorly such that a normal to the edge surface 1611 and an axis 1602 of the IOL form an angle of less than 40°, 35°, 30°, or 200 (where 0° means the edge 1611 surface is facing directly forward (i.e., the normal to the edge surface 1611 is parallel to the axis 1602 and the edge surface lies in a frontal plane and faces anteriorly towards the iris), and 900 means the edge surface faces directly outwards, parallel to a meridional plane of the eye). For an angle between a normal of an edge and an axis of an IOL, the sign convention is such that a positive angle indicates a normal to an edge such that, at the edge, points that are more anterior along the normal of the edge (e.g., towards the front of the eye) are positioned further radially (e.g., towards the periphery) from the axis. In some embodiments, the angle between a normal of the edge and an axis of the IOL may be about 45°, 40°, 35°, 30°, 25°, 20°, 15°, 10°, or 5°. In some embodiments, the angle may be less than about 45°, 40°, 35°, 30°, 25°, 20°, 15°, or 10°. In some embodiments, the angle may be between about 35-45°, 35-40°, 25-35°, 25-30°, 15-25°, 10-20°, 10-15°, 5-10°, 0-15°, 0-20°, 0-30°, 0-40° or 10-40°.
In some embodiments, the edge surface 1611 may be sloped so the angle of the slope is substantially the same as a by-pass ray. That is, the direction of a by-pass ray is substantially parallel to the surface of the edge 1611.
In some embodiments, a slope of the back control surface 1608 at or near the back control-edge junction 1613 forms an angle of about 90° (e.g., is perpendicular to) with a slope of the edge surface 1611 at or near the back control-edge junction 1613.
In some embodiments, a slope of the back control surface 1608 at or near the back control-edge junction 1613 forms an angle equal to or less than about 90° with a slope of the edge surface 1611 at or near the back control-edge junction 1613 where the angle is subtended within the material of the lens (e.g., according to
In some embodiments, a slope of the back control surface 1608 at or near the back control-edge junction 1613 forms an angle equal to or greater than about 90° with a slope of the edge surface 1611 at or near the back control-edge junction 1613 where the angle is subtended within the material of the lens (e.g., according to
In some embodiments, a slope of the front control surface 1607 at or near the front control-edge junction 1612 forms an angle of about 90° (e.g., is perpendicular to) with a slope of the edge surface 1611 at or near the front control-edge junction 1612.
In some embodiments, a slope of the front control surface 1607 at or near the front control-edge junction 1612 forms an angle equal to or less than about 90° with a slope of the edge surface 1611 at or near the front control-edge junction 1612 where the angle is subtended within the material of the lens (e.g., according to
In some embodiments, a slope of the front control surface 1607 at or near the front control-edge junction 1612 forms an angle equal to or greater than about 90° with a slope of the edge surface 1611 at or near the front control-edge junction 1612 where the angle is subtended within the material of the lens (e.g., according to
In some embodiments, the width of the edge surface 1611 may be about 2.5 mm, 2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm or 0.25 mm. In some embodiments, the width of the edge surface 1611 may be measured in a radial direction (e.g., along a horizontal direction according to
In some embodiments, the width of the edge surface 1611 may be less than about 2.5 mm, 2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm or 0.25 mm.
In some embodiments, the front control-edge junction 1612 and the back control-edge junction 1613 may be coincident (e.g., substantially coincident, in very close proximity) so the edge surface 1611 may be very narrow in width, or substantially a ‘knife edge’ (e.g., a wedge shape, a taper).
In some embodiments, the edge surface may be treated to alter its optical characteristics such as one or more of transmission/opacity, scattering/diffusing, spectral transmission, reflectance, etc. The treatment may eliminate or reduce the propagation of light rays (e.g., ‘edge’ rays) that may refract or reflect off the edge either from aqueous to lens (from outside inwards), or from lens to aqueous/vitreous (from inside outwards), or from lens to lens (internal reflection), or from aqueous/vitreous to aqueous/vitreous (external reflection).
In some embodiments, the edge surface 1611 may be a smooth refracting or reflecting surface, or may possess optical features such as diffraction gratings, meta-surfaces (e.g., nano-optics pillars), frosting (e.g., similar to shower screens to render the surface scattering/diffusing), etc.
The front control-edge junction 1612 is the location where the front control surface 1607, or a region or zone more peripheral than the front control surface, and the edge 1611 of the IOL meet. When regarded as a meridional cross-section, the front control-edge junction 1612 may be a sharp corner, a radiused/rounded corner, a chamfered corner, a beveled corner, a filleted corner, or a profile that joins the front control surface 1607 to the edge 1611.
In certain embodiments, the front control curve 1607 may be separated from the front control-edge junction 1612 or the edge 1611 in which case, the front control surface 1607 may appear as a ring or annulus shape that does not continue to the lens edge 1611 when seen from front-on to the IOL 1600.
The back control-edge junction 1613 is the location where the back control surface 1608, or a region or zone more peripheral than the front control surface, and the edge 1611 of the IOL meet. When regarded as a meridional cross-section, the back control-edge junction 1613 may be a sharp corner, a radiused/rounded corner, a chamfered corner, a beveled corner, a filleted corner, or a profile that joins the back control surface 1608 to the edge 1611.
In certain embodiments, the back control curve 1608 may be separated from the back control-edge junction 1613 or the IOL edge 1611 in which case, the back control surface 1608 may be seen as a ring or annulus shape that does not continue to the lens edge 1611 as seen from front-on to the IOL 1600.
This ray-density plot was computed using the model detailed in
As illustrated,
The meridional cross section of
In the exemplary embodiment of
A control zone 2706 for controlling, reducing and/or eliminating peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia (PPD) is provided as part of IOL 2700. The control zone 2706 comprises a front control surface 2707 and a back control surface 2708. The front (anterior) control surface 2707 extends from the junction 2709 (sometimes referred to as the “front optic-control junction”) between the front optic zone 2704 and the front control surface 2707 to a front edge point 2712 (sometimes referred to as the “front control-edge junction”). The back (posterior) control surface 2708 extends from the junction 2710 (sometimes referred to as the “back optic-control junction”) between the back optic zone 2705 and the back control surface 2708 to a back edge point 2713 (sometimes referred to as the “back control-edge junction”). The front edge point 2712 and back edge point 2713 are joined by the edge 2711 of the IOL.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 2709, back optic-control junction 2710, front edge point 2712 and back edge point 2713 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 1 above. As would be readily understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art, radial distances are measured from the axis 2702 of the IOL and in a direction perpendicular to the axis 2702 of the IOL. Axial distances are measured from a frontal plane containing the front apex 2720 of the IOL and in a direction perpendicular to the frontal plane. A frontal plane is a plane that is parallel to the plane of the iris (whose aperture forms the pupil) of the eye and is perpendicular to an axis 2702 of the eye and IOL. (It is understood by vision scientists, designers of IOL and eye-care practitioners that while the eye may not be exactly rotationally symmetrical, it may be reasonably approximal to be rotationally symmetrical. Similarly, the axis of an IOL may be reasonably approximal to be coincident with the axis of the eye.)
Using the same sign convention, axial positions that are in front of (that is, in a direction from the apex that is against the direction of travel of light in the eye) the apex 2720 of the IOL has a negative axial distance while axial positions that are behind or more posterior than apex 2720 are considered positive.
In this exemplary IOL (with prescription listed in Table 1 above), the profiles of the front control surface 2707 and back control surface 2708 are defined using polynomial equations which are then translated by select radial and axial distances and tilted by a select angle to provide continuity between a control surface (2707 for front, 2708 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (2704 for front, 2705 for back) at their respective junction (2709 for front, 2710 for back).
In some embodiments, the polynomial equation may be of a form described by below:
r=a
2
z
2
+a
k
|z|
k Eq. (1)
where r and z are respectively the local radial and axial coordinates for points on the control surface profile and k is an exponent greater than 2, and a2 and ak are coefficients associated with the second-order and kth-order component of the polynomial. Coordinates r and z of Eq. 1 may be local to (e.g., specific to) the polynomial and may be distinct from the radial and axial coordinates with respect to the IOL and/or the eye. The exponent k need not be restricted to integers but may have value drawn from the set of real numbers (e.g. a decimal number such as 2.573).
As illustrated, the prescribed polynomial is translated to place its apex at the edge point 2802. The polynomial exhibits symmetry along an axis 2804. The polynomial is tilted by an angle 2806 relative to a frontal plane 2807 of the eye and IOL, and that its axis of symmetry 2804 is coincident with the edge of the IOL (e.g., 2711 in
Eq. 1 describes a polynomial curve symmetric about its axis 2804 which therefore possesses an upper arm 2805 and a lower arm 2801, in this case, the lower arm 2801 (with the greater positive z or axial value) is used for defining the profile of the control surface.
Table 1 lists the values for the order k, 2nd-order coefficient, kth-order coefficient and the tilt angle for the front control surface profile and the back control surface profile. For both control surface profiles, the polynomial is translated to place its apex on their respective edge point.
The edge of this exemplary IOL is at an angle of about 7.6° relative to a frontal plane of the IOL or eye. That is, a normal to the lens edge is at angle of about 7.6° to an axis of the IOL. For this exemplary IOL, the angle between the lens edge and the front control surface as the front control surface approaches the front edge point (that is, the angle of a tangent to the front control surface at or near to the front edge point) is about 90°. This angle is considered as the “internal” angle of the front edge point of the IOL. The internal angle is the angle subtended within the bulk (or material) of the IOL at the front edge point. In
In some embodiments, control surface profiles may be described using other mathematical functions such as one or more of splines curves, Fourier series, etc. For example, control surface profiles for an IOL with substantially the same optic zone prescription as that of
As described, the IOL 2900 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.55 and provides a refractive power of about +19 D through the optic zone 2903. The optic is equiconvex with anterior surface 2904 radius of curvature 22.541 mm. The convex back optic zone surface 2905 has a radius of −22.541 mm (using the same sign convention described above). Central thickness of the IOL 2900 is 0.551 mm.
A control zone 2906 for controlling, reducing and/or eliminating PPD is provided in IOL 2900. The control zone 2906 comprises a front control surface 2907 and a back control surface 2908. The front (anterior) control surface 2907 extends from the front optic-control junction 2909 to a front edge point 2912. The back (posterior) control surface 2908 extends from the back optic-control junction 2910 to a back edge point 2913. The front edge point 2912 and back edge point 2913 is joined by the edge 2911 of the IOL.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 2909, back optic-control junction 2910, front edge point 2912 and back edge point 2913 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 2 according to the same sign convention used above with respect to Table 1.
In this exemplary IOL (with prescription listed in Table 2), the profiles of the front control surface 2907 and back control surface 2908 are defined using Bezier curve segments to provide continuity between control surface (2907 for front, 2908 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (2904 for front, 2905 for back) at their respective junction (2909 for front, 2910 for back).
The equation for a cubic Bezier segment is:
where [r, z] are the radial and axial coordinates for points along the Bezier segment between start point 3002 with coordinates [r0, z0] and end point 3003 with coordinates [r3, z3] evaluated parametrically with parameter t with values between 0 and 1 inclusive, whereby t=0 represents the start point 3002, and t=1 represents the end point 3003. The start tangent point 3005 (i.e. the tangent point associated with the start point) has coordinates [r1, z1], and the end tangent point 3007 has coordinates [r2, z2].
For the back control surface 2908, the Bezier segment has start point (corresponding to point 3002 in
2916 and back end tangent point 2917 (corresponding to points 3005 and 3007 in
Table 2 gives the radial and axial coordinates (positions) of the relevant points.
The edge of this exemplary IOL is at an angle of about 7.6° relative to a frontal plane of the IOL or eye. That is, a normal to the lens edge is at angle of about 7.6° to an axis of the IOL. For this exemplary IOL, the angle between the lens edge and the front control surface as the front control surface approaches the front edge point (that is, the angle of a tangent to the front control surface at or near to the front edge point) is about 90°. This angle is considered as the “internal” angle of the front edge point of the IOL. The internal angle is the angle subtended within the bulk (or material) of the IOL at the front edge point. In
For the purpose of optical ray-tracing analyses of PPD (e.g.,
The IOL 3100 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.55 and provides a refractive power of about +22 D through the optic zone 3103. The optic zone has an anterior surface 3104 radius of curvature of 11.633 mm. The convex back optic zone surface 3105 has a radius of curvature of −61.536 mm. Central thickness of the IOL 3100 is 0.717 mm.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 3109, back optic-control junction 3110, front edge point 3112 and back edge point 3113 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 3.
In this exemplary IOL, the profiles of the front control surface 3107 and back control surface 3108 are defined using polynomial equations which are then translated by select radial and axial distances and tilted by a select angle to provide continuity between a control surface (3107 for front, 3108 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (3104 for front, 3105 for back) at their respective junction (3109 for front, 3110 for back).
The form of the polynomial equation has previously been described with respect to Eq. 1. The prescribed polynomial is translated to place its apex at the edge point (3112 for front and 3113 for back) corresponding to point 2802 in
Table 3 lists the values for the order k, 2nd-order coefficient, kth-order coefficient and the tilt angle for the front control surface profile and the back control surface profile. For both control surface profiles, the polynomial is translated to place its apex on their respective edge point and tilted so their axes are tilted to an angle 3114.
The IOL 3400 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.55 and provides a refractive power of about +22 D through the optic zone 3403. The optic zone has an anterior surface 3404 radius of curvature of 11.633 mm. The convex back optic zone surface 3405 has a radius of −61.536 mm. Central thickness of the IOL 3400 is 0.717 mm.
A control zone 3406 for controlling, reducing and/or eliminating PPD is provided in IOL 3400. The control zone 3406 comprises a front control surface 3407 and a back control surface 3408. The front/anterior control surface 3407 extends from the front optic-control junction 3409 to a front edge point 3412. The back/posterior control surface 3408 extends from the back optic-control junction 3410 to a back edge point 3413. The front edge point 3412 and back edge point 3413 is joined by the edge 3411 of the IOL.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 3409, back optic-control junction 3410, front edge point 3412 and back edge point 3413 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 4.
In this exemplary IOL the profiles of the front control surface 3407 and back control surface 3408 are defined using Bezier segments between control surface (3407 for front, 3408 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (3404 for front, 3405 for back) at their respective junction (3409 for front, 3410 for back). The tangent points for the front control curve are located at 3414 (front edge start tangent point) and 3415 (front optic-control junction end tangent point), and for the back control curve are located at 3416 (back edge start tangent point) and 3417 (back optic-control junction end tangent point). The form of the equation for the cubic Bezier segment has been defined in Eq. 2 above.
Table 4 gives the radial and axial coordinates (positions) of the relevant points.
The exemplary IOLs of
The IOL 3200 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.53 and provides a refractive power of about +30 D through the optic zone 3203. The optic zone has an anterior surface 3204 radius of curvature of 8.287 mm. The convex back optic zone surface 3205 has a radius of −29.927 mm. Central thickness of the IOL 3200 is 0.968 mm.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 3209, back optic-control junction 3210, front edge point 3212 and back edge point 3213 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 5.
In this exemplary IOL, the profiles of the front control surface 3207 and back control surface 3208 are defined using polynomial equations which are then translated by select radial and axial distances and tilted by a select angle to provide continuity between a control surface (3207 for front, 3208 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (3204 for front, 3205 for back) at their respective junction (3209 for front, 3210 for back).
The form of the polynomial equation has been described with respect to Eq. 1 above. The prescribed polynomial is translated to place its apex at the edge point (3212 for front and 3213 for back) corresponding to point 2802 in
Table 5 lists the values for the order k, 2nd-order coefficient, kth-order coefficient and the tilt angle for the front control surface profile and the back control surface profile. For both control surface profiles, the polynomial is translated to place its apex on their respective edge point and tilted so their axes 3214 are tilted to a select angle specified in Table 5.
The IOL 3500 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.53 and provides a refractive power of about +30 D through the optic zone 3503. The optic zone has an anterior surface 3504 radius of curvature of 8.287 mm. The convex back optic zone surface 3505 has a radius of −29.927 mm. Central thickness of the IOL 3500 is 0.968 mm.
A control zone 3506 for controlling, reducing and/or eliminating PPD is provided in IOL 3500. The control zone 3506 comprises a front control surface 3507 and a back control surface 3508. The front/anterior control surface 3507 extends from the front optic-control junction 3509 to a front edge point 3512. The back/posterior control surface 3508 extends from the back optic-control junction 3510 to a back edge point 3513. The front edge point 3512 and back edge point 3513 is joined by the edge 3511 of the IOL.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 3509, back optic-control junction 3510, front edge point 3512 and back edge point 3513 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 6.
In this exemplary IOL the profiles of the front control surface 3507 and back control surface 3508 are defined using Bezier segments between control surface (3507 for front, 3508 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (3504 for front, 3505 for back) at their respective junction (3509 for front, 3510 for back). The tangent points for the front control curve are located at 3514 (front edge start tangent point) and 3515 (front optic-control junction end tangent point), and for the back control curve are located at 3516 (back edge start tangent point) and 3517 (back optic-control junction end tangent point). The form of the equation for the cubic Bezier segment is defined in Eq. 2 above.
Table 6 gives the radial and axial coordinates (positions) of the relevant points.
The IOL 3300 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.47 and provides a refractive power of about +10 D through the optic zone 3303. The optic zone has an anterior surface 3304 radius of curvature of 17.302 mm. The convex back optic zone surface 3305 has a radius of −62.350 mm. Central thickness of the IOL 3300 is 0.634 mm.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 3309, back optic-control junction 3310, front edge point 3312 and back edge point 3313 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 7.
In this exemplary IOL, the profiles of the front control surface 3307 and back control surface 3308 are defined using polynomial equations which are then translated by select radial and axial distances and tilted by a select angle to provide continuity between a control surface (3307 for front, 3308 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (3304 for front, 3305 for back) at their respective junction (3309 for front, 3310 for back).
The form of the polynomial equation has been described above with respect to Eq. 1. The prescribed polynomial is translated to place its apex at the edge point (3312 for front and 3313 for back) corresponding to point 2802 in
Table 7 lists the values for the order k, 2nd-order coefficient, kth-order coefficient and the tilt angle for the front control surface profile and the back control surface profile. For both control surface profiles, the polynomial is translated to place its apex on their respective edge point and tilted so their axes 3314 are tilted to a select angle specified in Table 7.
The IOL 3600 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.47 and provides a refractive power of about +10 D through the optic zone 3603. The optic zone has an anterior surface 3604 radius of curvature of 17.302 mm. The convex back optic zone surface 3605 has a radius of −62.350 mm. Central thickness of the IOL 3600 is 0.634 mm.
A control zone 3606 for controlling, reducing and/or eliminating PPD is provided in IOL 3600. The control zone 3606 comprises a front control surface 3607 and a back control surface 3608. The front/anterior control surface 3607 extends from the front optic-control junction 3609 to a front edge point 3612. The back/posterior control surface 3608 extends from the back optic-control junction 3610 to a back edge point 3613. The front edge point 3612 and back edge point 3613 is joined by the edge 3611 of the IOL.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 3609, back optic-control junction 3610, front edge point 3612 and back edge point 3613 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 8.
In this exemplary IOL the profiles of the front control surface 3607 and back control surface 3608 are defined using Bezier segments between control surface (3607 for front, 3608 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (3604 for front, 3605 for back) at their respective junction (3609 for front, 3610 for back). The tangent points for the front control curve are located at 3614 (front edge start tangent point) and 3615 (front optic-control junction end tangent point), and for the back control curve are located at 3616 (back edge start tangent point) and 3617 (back optic-control junction end tangent point). The form of the equation for the cubic Bezier segment is defined in Eq. 2 above.
Table 8 gives the radial and axial coordinates (positions) of the relevant points.
The IOL 3700 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.54 and provides a refractive power of about +25 D through the optic zone 3703. The optic zone has an anterior surface 3704 radius of curvature of 10.058 mm. The convex back optic zone surface 3705 has a radius of −44.569 mm. Central thickness of the IOL 3700 is 0.761 mm.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 3709, back optic-control junction 3710, front edge point 3712 and back edge point 3713 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 9.
In this exemplary IOL, the profiles of the front control surface 3707 and back control surface 3708 are defined using polynomial equations which are then translated by select radial and axial distances and tilted by a select angle to provide continuity between a control surface (3707 for front, 3708 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (3704 for front, 3705 for back) at their respective junction (3709 for front, 3710 for back).
The form of the polynomial equation has been described above with respect to Eq. 1. The prescribed polynomial is translated to place its apex at the edge point (3712 for front and 3713 for back) corresponding to point 2802 in
Table 9 lists the values for the order k, 2nd-order coefficient, kth-order coefficient and the tilt angle for the front control surface profile and the back control surface profile. For both control surface profiles, the polynomial is translated to place its apex on their respective edge point and tilted so their axes 3714 are tilted to a select angle specified in Table 9.
The IOL 3800 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.54 and provides a refractive power of about +25 D through the optic zone 3803. The optic zone has an anterior surface 3804 radius of curvature of 10.058 mm. The convex back optic zone surface 3805 has a radius of 44.569 mm. Central thickness of the IOL 3800 is 0.761 mm.
A control zone 3806 for controlling, reducing and/or eliminating PPD is provided in IOL 3800. The control zone 3806 comprises a front control surface 3807 and a back control surface 3808. The front/anterior control surface 3807 extends from the front optic-control junction 3809 to a front edge point 3812. The back/posterior control surface 3808 extends from the back optic-control junction 3810 to a back edge point 3813. The front edge point 3812 and back edge point 3813 is joined by the edge 3811 of the IOL.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 3809, back optic-control junction 3810, front edge point 3812 and back edge point 3813 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 10.
In this exemplary IOL the profiles of the front control surface 3807 and back control surface 3808 are defined using Bezier segments between control surface (3807 for front, 3808 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (3804 for front, 3805 for back) at their respective junction (3809 for front, 3810 for back). The tangent points for the front control curve are located at 3814 (front edge start tangent point) and 3815 (front optic-control junction end tangent point), and for the back control curve are located at 3816 (back edge start tangent point) and 3817 (back optic-control junction end tangent point). The form of the equation for the cubic Bezier segment is defined in Eq. 2.
Table 10 gives the radial and axial coordinates (positions) of the relevant points.
The IOL 3900 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.47 and provides a refractive power of +12.5 D through the optic zone 3903. The optic zone has an anterior surface 3904 radius of curvature of 13.830 mm. The convex back optic zone surface 3905 has a radius of −50.0 mm. Central thickness of the IOL 3900 is 0.62 mm.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 3909, back optic-control junction 3910, front edge point 3912 and back edge point 3913 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 11.
In this exemplary IOL, the profiles of the front control surface 3907 and back control surface 3908 are defined using polynomial equations which are then translated by select radial and axial distances and tilted by a select angle to provide continuity between a control surface (3907 for front, 3908 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (3904 for front, 3905 for back) at their respective junction (3909 for front, 3910 for back).
The form of the polynomial equation has been described above with respect to Eq. 1. The prescribed polynomial is translated to place its apex at the edge point (3912 for front and 3913 for back) corresponding to point 2802 in
Table 11 lists the values for the order k, 2nd-order coefficient, kth-order coefficient and the tilt angle for the front control surface profile and the back control surface profile. For both control surface profiles, the polynomial is translated to place its apex on their respective edge point and tilted so their axes 3914 are tilted to a select angle specified in Table 11.
The IOL 4000 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.47 and provides a refractive power of about +12.5 D through the optic zone 4003. The optic zone has an anterior surface 4004 radius of curvature of 13.830 mm. The convex back optic zone surface 4005 has a radius of −50.0 mm. Central thickness of the IOL 4000 is 0.62 mm.
A control zone 4006 for controlling, reducing and/or eliminating PPD is provided in IOL 4000. The control zone 4006 comprises a front control surface 4007 and a back control surface 4008. The front/anterior control surface 4007 extends from the front optic-control junction 4009 to a front edge point 4012. The back/posterior control surface 4008 extends from the back optic-control junction 4010 to a back edge point 4013. The front edge point 4012 and back edge point 4013 is joined by the edge 4011 of the IOL.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 4009, back optic-control junction 4010, front edge point 4012 and back edge point 4013 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 12.
In this exemplary IOL the profiles of the front control surface 4007 and back control surface 4008 are defined using Bezier segments between control surface (4007 for front, 4008 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (4004 for front, 4005 for back) at their respective junction (4009 for front, 4010 for back). The tangent points for the front control curve are located at 4014 (front edge start tangent point) and 4015 (front optic-control junction end tangent point), and for the back control curve are located at 4016 (back edge start tangent point) and 4017 (back optic-control junction end tangent point). The form of the equation for the cubic Bezier segment is defined in Eq. 2 above.
Table 12 gives the radial and axial coordinates (positions) of the relevant points.
The IOL 8100 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.47 and provides a refractive power of about +20 D through the optic zone 8103. The optic zone has an anterior surface 8104 central radius of curvature of 9.33 mm and is aspheric with a conic constant of −2.95. The convex back optic zone surface 8105 is aspheric with a central radius of −24.59 mm and a conic constant of −11.22. Central thickness of the IOL 8100 is 0.722 mm.
In the aspheric front and back surfaces of IOL 8100, a central radius of curvature is an instantaneous radius at the apex (or vertex or at the central, axial point) of the aspheric surface. A conic constant is a dimensionless value describing the asphericity of a surface.
In some embodiment, an aspheric surface with a central radius and a conic constant may be described by below:
where R and Z are the radial and axial coordinates for points on the aspheric surface with the vertex (or apex, or central/axial point) at the origin (i.e., R=0, Z=0), and c is the central curvature (reciprocal of central radius of curvature) and q is the conic constant. When c=0, the surface is flat (or plane or plano). When q=0, the surface section is a part of a circle (or sphere). When q<0 and q>−1, the surface section is a part of a prolate ellipse (i.e., an ellipse which local radius of curvature increases towards the periphery). For q=−1, the surface section is a part of a parabola. When q<−1, the surface section is a part of a hyperbola. Aspheric surface with an oblate ellipse section has positive values for q.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 8109, back optic-control junction 8110, front edge point 8112 and back edge point 8113 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 13.
In this exemplary IOL, the profiles of the front control surface 8107 and back control surface 8108 are defined using polynomial equations which are then translated by select radial and axial distances and tilted by a select angle to provide continuity between a control surface (8107 for front, 8108 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (8104 for front, 8105 for back) at their respective junction (8109 for front, 8110 for back).
The form of the polynomial equation has been described above with respect to Eq. 1. The prescribed polynomial is translated to place its apex at the edge point (8112 for front and 8113 for back) corresponding to point 2802 in
Table 13 lists the values for the order k, 2nd-order coefficient, kth-order coefficient and the tilt angle for the front control surface profile and the back control surface profile. For both control surface profiles, the polynomial is translated to place its apex on their respective edge point and tilted so their axes 8114 are tilted to a select angle specified in Table 13. The value for order k need not be integer (or whole) values as in this exemplary IOL, the front surface polynomial order k is 4.25 and that for the back surface polynomial order k is 3.5 (see Table 13).
The IOL 8200 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.47 and provides a refractive power of about +20 D through the optic zone 8203. The optic zone has an aspheric anterior surface 8204 with central radius of curvature of 9.33 mm and conic constant of −2.95. The convex aspheric back optic zone surface 8205 has a central radius of −24.59 mm and conic constant value −11.22. Central thickness of the IOL 8200 is 0.722 mm.
A control zone 8206 for controlling, reducing and/or eliminating PPD is provided in IOL 8200. The control zone 8206 comprises a front control surface 8207 and a back control surface 8208. The front/anterior control surface 8207 extends from the front optic-control junction 8209 to a front edge point 8212. The back/posterior control surface 8208 extends from the back optic-control junction 8210 to a back edge point 8213. The front edge point 8212 and back edge point 8213 is joined by the edge 8211 of the IOL.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 8209, back optic-control junction 8210, front edge point 8212 and back edge point 8213 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 14.
In this exemplary IOL the profiles of the front control surface 8207 and back control surface 8208 are defined using Bezier segments between control surface (8207 for front, 8208 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (8204 for front, 8205 for back) at their respective junction (8209 for front, 8210 for back). The tangent points for the front control curve are located at 8214 (front edge start tangent point) and 8215 (front optic-control junction end tangent point), and for the back control curve are located at 8216 (back edge start tangent point) and 8217 (back optic-control junction end tangent point). The form of the equation for the cubic Bezier segment is defined in Eq. 2 above.
Table 14 gives the radial and axial coordinates (positions) of the relevant points.
The IOL 8300 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.53 and provides a refractive power of about +20 D through the optic zone 8303. The optic zone has an aspheric anterior surface 8304 central radius of curvature of 18.12 mm with a conic constant of −45.83. The aspheric convex back optic zone surface 8305 has a central radius of −21.13 mm and conic constant of 23.12. Central thickness of the IOL 8300 is 0.67 mm.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 8309, back optic-control junction 8310, front edge point 8312 and back edge point 8313 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 15.
In this exemplary IOL, the profiles of the front control surface 8307 and back control surface 8308 may be described using a power function which may be of a form described by below:
y=Bx
p Eq. (4)
where x and y are respectively the local radial and axial coordinates for points on the control surface profile and p is an exponent of the power function and B is an amplitude of the power function. Coordinates x and y of Eq. 4 may be local to (i.e., specific to the coordinate system of) the power function and may be distinct from the radial and axial coordinate system with respect to the IOL and/or the eye. The exponent p need not be restricted to integers and may take on a value drawn from the set of real numbers including positive and negative values. The amplitude B may also take on values drawn from the set of real numbers including positive and negative values.
To render the control curve, the power function curve (as defined in its local coordinates according to Eq. 4) is translated so that its apex (x=0, y=0 in the local coordinate system) is placed on the edge point (8312 for front and 8313 for back) of the IOL.
The translated power function is then rotated about its apex (now at the edge point) so that its y-axis (in its local coordinate system) is tilted at an angle with respect to (e.g., relative to) the frontal plane of the IOL and/or eye.
Table 15 lists the values for various parameters for the exemplary IOL of
The edge of this exemplary IOL is at an angle of about 9.5° relative to a frontal plane of the IOL or eye. That is, a normal to the lens edge is at angle of about 9.5° to an axis of the IOL. For this exemplary IOL, the angle between the lens edge and the front control surface as the front control surface approaches the front edge point (that is, the angle of a tangent to the front control surface at or near to the front edge point) is about 107.4°. This angle is considered as the “internal” angle of the front edge point of the IOL. The internal angle is the angle subtended within the bulk (or material) of the IOL at the front edge point. In
The IOL 8400 is made of material with a refractive index of 1.53 and provides a refractive power of about +20 D through the optic zone 8403. The optic zone is aspheric with an anterior surface 8404 central radius of curvature of 18.12 mm and a conic constant of −45.83. The convex back optic zone aspheric surface 8405 has a central radius of −21.13 mm. Central thickness of the IOL 8400 is 0.67 mm.
A control zone 8406 for controlling, reducing and/or eliminating PPD is provided in IOL 8400. The control zone 8406 comprises a front control surface 8407 and a back control surface 8408. The front/anterior control surface 8407 extends from the front optic-control junction 8409 to a front edge point 8412. The back/posterior control surface 8408 extends from the back optic-control junction 8410 to a back edge point 8413. The front edge point 8412 and back edge point 8413 is joined by the edge 8411 of the IOL.
The radial and axial positions of the front optic-control junction 8409, back optic-control junction 8410, front edge point 8412 and back edge point 8413 for this exemplary IOL are given in Table 16.
In this exemplary IOL the profiles of the front control surface 8407 and back control surface 8408 are defined using Bezier segments between control surface (4007 for front, 8408 for back) and the profile of the optic zone (4004 for front, 8405 for back) at their respective junction (4009 for front, 8410 for back). The tangent points for the front control curve are located at 8414 (front edge start tangent point) and 8415 (front optic-control junction end tangent point), and for the back control curve are located at 8416 (back edge start tangent point) and 8417 (back optic-control junction end tangent point). The form of the equation for the cubic Bezier segment is defined in Eq. 2 above.
Table 16 gives the radial and axial coordinates (positions) of the relevant points.
The edge of this exemplary IOL is at an angle of about 9.5° relative to a frontal plane of the IOL or eye. That is, a normal to the lens edge is at angle of about 9.5° to an axis of the IOL. For this exemplary IOL, the angle between the lens edge and the front control surface as the front control surface approaches the front edge point (that is, the angle of a tangent to the front control surface at or near to the front edge point) is about 107.4°. This angle is considered as the “internal” angle of the front edge point of the IOL. The internal angle is the angle subtended within the bulk (or material) of the IOL at the front edge point. In
In certain situations when a pseudophakic individual experiences peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia, it may be inadvisable to remove the existing intraocular lens (for example due to surgical risk, etc.). In such applications, an intraocular lens for reducing, minimizing, and/or eliminating peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia may be implanted as a supplementary intraocular lens to operate in combination with (e.g., in conjunction with, together with, or in unison with) the existing intraocular lens.
As illustrated,
The meridional cross section of
The supplementary IOL 10100 is implanted to operate with an existing IOL 10120. The cross section of the supplementary IOL 10100 is illustrated as being implanted posteriorly to the iris 10101 of and eye. The supplementary IOL 10100 may be implanted to be in contact with the existing IOL 10120 or may be implanted to be spaced apart (as illustrated in
The supplementary IOL 10100 comprises an optic zone 10103 and a control zone 10106. In some embodiments, prescribed optical power of the supplementary IOL 10100 may be provided by the optic zone 10103. The combined optical power of the supplementary IOL 10100 and existing IOL 10120 may provide the requisite power for the eye.
The optic zone of the supplementary IOL may be characterized by any combination of one or more of a front (anterior) optic surface 10104, a back (posterior) optic surface 10105, a thickness (between front and back optic surfaces e.g., along axis 10102), and a refractive index of the supplementary IOL material.
In some embodiments, the back (or posterior) optic surface 10105 may have a surface profile (e.g., curvature, shape, asphericity) to facilitate spaced-apart alignment or substantially spaced-apart alignment of the back optic surface 10105 of supplementary IOL 10100 to the front surface of the existing IOL 10120.
In some embodiments, the back (or posterior) optic surface 10105 may have a surface profile (e.g., curvature, shape, asphericity) to facilitate contact alignment or substantially contact alignment (e.g. apposition) of the back optic surface 10105 of supplementary IOL 10100 to the front surface of the existing IOL 10120.
In some embodiments, the control zone 10106 may be configured to control PPD (e.g., negative and/or positive PPD). As illustrated, the control zone 10106 may comprise a front (anterior) control surface 10107, a back (posterior) control surface 10108 and an edge 10111. A boundary between the optic zone 10103 and the control zone 10106 forms an optic-control junction. The front optic-control junction 10109 marks the boundary or transition from the front optic surface 10104 to the front control surface 10107. The back optic-control junction 10110 marks the boundary or transition from the back optic surface 10105 to the back control surface 10108.
As the control zone 10106 is positioned towards the periphery of the supplementary IOL 10100, the optic zone 10103 (which is more centrally located) of the supplementary IOL 10100 may, in some embodiments, function in the same way as conventional IOLs, or in combination with the existing IOL function in the same way as conventional IOLs. For example, the optic zone 10103 may be configured to deliver an optical power within a large range. The optic zone 10103 may incorporate any combination of one or more of a range of conventional IOL optics including multifocal optics or extended depth of focus optics for supporting near vision, diffractive optics, toric optics for correcting astigmatism, etc. The combined optical power of the supplementary IOL 10100 and the existing IOL 10120 may provide the requisite power for the eye.
In some embodiments, the intersection of the control surfaces 10107, 10108 and the edge 10111 may form junctions 10112, 10113 between the control surfaces and the edge. For example, the front control surface 10107 may meet the edge 10111 at the front control-edge junction 10112 and the back control surface 10108 may meet the edge 10111 at the back control-edge junction 10113.
In some embodiments, the front and/or back control surfaces 10107, 10108 of control zone 10106 may be configured to have particular surface curvatures and/or profiles to redirect and/or distribute light to otherwise dark band regions of the retina. By configuring the control zone 10106 to fill-in (e.g., refract light to) the dark band region, the supplementary IOL 10100 may reduce, significantly reduce, and/or eliminate the occurrence/perception of PPD.
In some embodiments, the eye (either with natural crystalline lens, or with IOL) may be approximal to a rotationally symmetric optical system and an axis 10102 may be used to reference directions and radial or transverse distances.
In some embodiments, the optic zone 10103 may be located in the central portion of the supplementary IOL and provide the optical power (for example, in combination with the optical power of the existing IOL) for supporting vision of the patient. Optical characteristics (e.g., power, aberrations, depth of focus, etc.) of the optic zone may be determined by the curvature or profile of the front and back optic surfaces 10104, 10105, the supplementary IOL thickness, as well as the refractive index of the supplementary IOL material.
The control zone 10106 may be configured to control negative PPD. In some embodiments, the control zone, or front control surface, or back control surface configuration, may be based on configurations and/or design approaches disclosed throughout this specification (e.g., in the exemplary embodiments shown in any of
In some embodiments, the control zone may be configured to intercept a portion of oblique light rays (e.g., from light incident on the eye from peripheral field angles) passing through the pupil and redirect and/or distribute the rays to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band. In some embodiments, this may be achieved by appropriate configurations of a back control surface 10108, a front control surface 10107, the thickness or thickness profile of the supplementary IOL at the control zone 10106 and/or the width (or length, e.g., distance between the control-edge junction points 10112, 10113) of the edge 10111.
In some embodiments, the control zone 10106 may be positioned towards the periphery of the supplementary IOL but may not necessarily extend to the very edge of the supplementary IOL. In some embodiments, the control zone 10106 may extend to the edge of the supplementary IOL.
In some embodiments, the back (posterior) control surface 10108, together with the curvature/surface profile of the front (anterior) control surface 10107, and/or the thickness or thickness profile of the supplementary IOL at the control zone 10106, and/or the width (or length, e.g. distance between the control-edge junction points 10112 and 10113) of the edge 10111, may redirect and/or distribute light to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band.
In some embodiments, the back control surface 10108 may be convex (e.g., substantially convex, or generally convex, i.e. convex when considered across the expanse of the back control surface 10108) towards the back of the eye (e.g., concave towards the front of the eye) as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the back control surface 10108 may have a curvature opposite in sign to the curvature of the back optic surface 10105. For example, the back optic surface 10105 may be a negative refracting surface (as the example illustrated in
In some embodiments, the back control surface 10108 may vary in curvature (e.g., local curvature or instantaneous curvature) along its profile.
In some embodiments, the back control surface 10108 profile may be increasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) towards the edge 10111 of the supplementary IOL 10100. In some embodiments, the back control surface 10108 profile may be decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) towards the edge of the supplementary IOL 10100. In some embodiments, the back control surface 10108 profile may decrease in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) then increase in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) towards the edge 10111 of the supplementary IOL 10100. In some embodiments, the back control surface 10108 profile may increase in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) then decrease in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) towards the edge 10111 of the supplementary IOL 10100.
In some embodiments, the slope relative to (e.g., referenced to, or measured from) a frontal plane along the back control surface 10108 near to the back control-edge junction 10113 is such that as the back control surface 10108 progresses radially outwards (e.g., from axis of the supplementary IOL towards the peripheral retina), points on the back control surface 10108 become positioned more anteriorly (e.g., towards the iris).
In some embodiments, the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to a frontal plane of the back control surface 10108 at or near to the back control-edge junction 10113 is greater than the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to a frontal plane of the back control surface 10108 at, or near to, the back optic-control junction 10110.
In some embodiments, a slope of the back control surface 10108, relative to (e.g., referenced to, or measured from) a frontal plane, along the back control surface 10108 in a point or region not coincident with (e.g. not on, not co-located), but is proximal (e.g. near to, in the vicinity of) the back control-edge junction 10113, is such that as the back control surface 10108 progresses radially outwards (e.g., in a direction from axis of the supplementary IOL towards the peripheral retina), points on the back control surface 10108 close to (e.g., near to or at) the back control-edge junction 10113 become positioned more anteriorly (e.g., towards the cornea of the eye), and the absolute value of an angle of a slope, relative to a frontal plane, of the back control surface 10108 at the back control-edge junction 10113, is greater than the absolute value of a slope, relative to a frontal plane, of a point or region of the back control surface 10108 not on (e.g. not coincident with, not co-located with) but near to (e.g. proximal to) the back control-edge junction 10113.
In some embodiments, an angle of a slope of the back control surface 10108, relative to a frontal plane, at (e.g., co-located with, coincident with), or near to (e.g., proximal to, in the vicinity of), the back control-edge junction 10113 is more negative in value than an angle of a slope of the back control surface 10108, relative to a frontal plane at, or near to, the back optic-control junction 10110. For the angle of a slope of a supplementary IOL surface (e.g. optic surface, control surface, edge) relative to a frontal plane, the sign of the angle is considered to be positive when a point on a tangent to the surface of the slope becomes more posterior in position (e.g., nearer the back of the eye, or towards the fovea or retina) as the point progresses radially outwards (e.g., away from an axis of the supplementary IOL) along a tangent to the surface of the slope. Conversely, the sign of the angle of a slope relative to a frontal plane is considered to be negative when a point on the surface of the slope becomes more anterior in position (i.e. nearer the front of the eye, or towards the cornea or the incoming light source) as the point progresses radially outwards (e.g., away from an axis of the supplementary IOL) along a tangent of the surface of the slope. Note that the value of one or both of the angles may be positive or negative in sign in this comparison of such some embodiments. For example, the angle of the slope of the back control surface 10108 at the back optic-junction point 10110 as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the back control surface 10108 profile may be defined by an aspheric curve: definable by mathematical functions including conics, polynomials, Bezier curves, spline curves, Fourier series, wavelets, or combinations of two or more of such functions.
In some embodiments, the back control surface 10108 may be C0-continuous with the back optic surface 10105. For example, the back control surface 10108 may meet the back optic surface 10105 without a ledge or ‘jump’. In some embodiments, the back control surface 10108 may be C1-continuous with the back optic surface 10105. For example, the back control surface 10108 may have a common tangent with the back optic surface 10105 where they meet.
The front (anterior) control surface 10107 is the surface on the front surface of the supplementary IOL 10100 that lies within the control zone 10106. Together with the curvature/surface profile of the back control surface 10108, the thickness or thickness profile of the supplementary IOL at the control zone 10106 and/or the width (or length, e.g., distance between the control-edge junction points 10112, 10113) of the edge 10111, the curvature/surface profile of the front control surface 10107 may redirect and/or distribute light to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band.
In some embodiments, the front control surface 10107 may be convex (e.g., substantially convex, or generally convex, e.g., convex when considered across the expanse of the front control surface 10107) towards the back of the eye (e.g., concave towards the front of the eye) as illustrated in
In some embodiments, the front control surface 10107 may have a curvature opposite in sign to the curvature of the front optic surface 10104. For example, the front optic surface 10104 may be a positive refracting surface which is convex towards the front of the eye while the front control surface 10107 may be concave towards the front of the eye; that is, the two surfaces may have opposite signs in curvature.
In some embodiments, the front control surface 10107 may vary in curvature (e.g., local curvature or instantaneous curvature) along its profile.
In some embodiments, the front control surface 10107 profile may be increasing in curvature (e.g., the radius of curvature becomes shorter) towards the edge 10111 of the supplementary IOL 10100.
In some embodiments, the front control surface 10107 profile may be decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) towards the edge of the supplementary IOL 10100. In some embodiments, the front control surface 10107 profile may decrease in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) then increase in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) towards the edge 10111 of the supplementary IOL 10100. In some embodiments, the front control surface 10107 profile may increase in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) then decrease in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) towards the edge 10111 of the supplementary IOL 10100.
In some embodiments, the slope relative to (e.g., referenced to, or measured from) a frontal plane along the front control surface 10107 near to (e.g. proximal to, or in the vicinity of) the front control-edge junction 10112 is such that as the front control surface 10107 progresses radially outwards (e.g., from axis of the supplementary IOL towards the peripheral retina), points on the front control surface 10107 become positioned more anteriorly (e.g., towards the iris).
In some embodiments, the absolute value of a slope relative to a frontal plane of the front control surface 10107 at or near to the front control-edge junction 10112 is greater than the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to a frontal plane of the front control surface 10107 at the front optic-control junction 10109.
In some embodiments, a slope of the front control surface 10107, relative to (e.g., referenced to, or measured from) a frontal plane, along the front control surface 10107 in a point or region not coincident with (e.g. not co-located, not on), but is proximal to (e.g. near to, in the vicinity of) the front control-edge junction 10112, is such that as the front control surface 10107 progresses radially outwards (e.g., in a direction from axis of the supplementary IOL towards the peripheral retina), points on the front control surface 10107 close to (e.g., near to or at) the front control-edge junction 10112 become positioned more anteriorly (e.g., towards the iris), and the absolute value of an angle of a slope, relative to a frontal plane, of the front control surface 10107 at the front control-edge junction 10112, is greater than the absolute value of a slope, relative to a frontal plane, of a point or region of the front control surface 10107 not on (e.g. not coincident with, not co-located with) but proximal to (e.g. near to) the front optic-control junction 10109.
In some embodiments, an angle of a slope of the front control surface 10107, relative to a frontal plane, at (e.g. co-located with, coincident with), or at near to (e.g. proximal to, in the vicinity of), the front control-edge junction 10112 is more negative in value than an angle of a slope of the front control surface 10107, relative to a frontal plane at, or at near to, the front optic-control junction 10109.
In some embodiments, the front control surface 10107 profile may be defined by an aspheric curve, definable by mathematical functions including conics, polynomials, Bezier curves, spline curves, Fourier series, wavelets, or combinations of two or more of such functions. In some embodiments, the front control surface 10107 may be C0-continuous with the front optic surface 10104. For example, the front control surface 10107 may meet the front optic surface at a common point, without a ledge or jump.
In some embodiments, the front control surface 10107 may be C1-continuous with the front optic surface 10104. For example, the front control surface 10107 may have a common tangent with the front optic surface 10104 where they meet.
The front optic-control junction 10109, also referred to as the front optic-control boundary, is the location or region on the front surface of the supplementary IOL 10100 where the front optic surface 10104 meets the front control surface 10107. In some embodiments, the radial/transverse position of the front optic-control junction 10109 may impose a limit on the size of the optic zone 10103. In some embodiments, the front optic-control junction 10109 may be easily definable as an individual point and in some embodiments, the front optic control junction may be a less definable region between the optic zone 10103 and the control zone 10106. In some embodiments, the front optic-control junction 10109 may be a ‘point’ (when viewed as a meridional cross-section) at which the front optic 10104 and control 10107 surfaces directly meet, or may be a region (e.g., annulus for a circular supplementary IOL) over which the front optic surface 10104 transitions (or is blended) to the front control surface 10107.
In some embodiments, the position of the front optic-control junction 10109 may be set such that the size of the optic zone 10103 matches (or closely matches) the size of the patient's pupil. In some embodiments, (e.g., due to the Stiles-Crawford Effect), light-rays passing the periphery of the pupil may produce a lesser response by the photo-receptors (e.g., rods and cones) of the retina. Accordingly, matching (or substantially matching) the size of the patient's pupil may not require the front optic-control junction 10109 to be positioned such that size of the optic zone 10103 is the same as the pupil size, but that it can be smaller (or larger) and still not significantly disturb vision.
The back optic-control junction 10110, also referred to as the back optic-control boundary, is the location or region on the back surface where the back optic surface 10105 meets the back control surface 10108. In some embodiments, the radial/transverse position of the back optic-control junction may impose a limit on the size of the optic zone 10103. In some embodiments, the back optic-control junction 10110 may be easily definable as an individual point and in some embodiments, the back optic control junction 10110 may be a less definable region between the optic zone 10103 and the control zone 10106. In some embodiments, the back optic-control junction may be a ‘point’ (when viewed as a meridional cross-section) at which the back optic 10105 and control 10108 surfaces directly meet, or may be a region (e.g., annulus for a circular supplementary IOL) over which the back optic surface 10105 transitions (or is blended) to the back control surface 10108.
In some embodiments, the position of the back optic-control junction may be set such that the size of the optic zone 10103 matches (or closely matches) the size of the patient's pupil. In some embodiments, the back optic-control junction 10110 position may be more peripheral (e.g. further from the axis, closer to the edge) than that of the front optic-control junction 10109.
The edge 10111 of the supplementary IOL 10100 is defined as a surface (e.g., substantially cylindrical or conical if the supplementary IOL is circular) between and joining the front 10107 and back 10108 surfaces of the supplementary IOL 10100. In some embodiments the edge 10111 may be substantially straight, at least partially curved, and/or undulating or otherwise varying between the front surface 10107 and the back (also more peripheral) surface 10108. In some embodiments, where the control zone 10106 extends to the limit of the lens size, the edge may be formed by the surface between and joining the front and back control surfaces 10107 and 10108 respectively. In some embodiments, the edge 10111 may be sloped so it faces anteriorly such that a normal to the edge surface 10111 and an axis 10102 of the supplementary IOL form an angle of less than 40°, 35°, 30°, or 200 (where 0° means the edge 10111 surface is facing directly forward (i.e., the normal to the edge surface 10111 is parallel to the axis 10102 and the edge surface lies in a frontal plane and faces anteriorly towards the iris), and 900 means the edge surface faces directly outwards, parallel to a meridional plane of the eye). For an angle between a normal of an edge and an axis of a supplementary IOL, the sign convention is such that a positive angle indicates a normal to an edge such that, at the edge, points that are more anterior along the normal of the edge (e.g. towards the front of the eye) are positioned further radially (e.g. towards the periphery) from the axis. In some embodiments, the angle between a normal of the edge and an axis of the supplementary IOL may be about 45°, 40°, 35°, 30°, 25°, 20°, 15°, 10°, or 5°. In some embodiments, the angle may be less than about 45°, 40°, 35°, 30°, 25°, 20°, 15°, or 10°. In some embodiments, the angle may be between about 35-45°, 35-40°, 25-35°, 25-30°, 15-25°, 10-20°, 10-15°, 5-10°, 0-15°, 0-20°, 0-30°, 0-40° or 10-40°.
In some embodiments, the edge surface 10111 may be sloped so the angle of the slope is substantially the same as a by-pass ray. That is, the direction of a by-pass ray is substantially parallel to the surface of the edge 10111.
In some embodiments, a slope of the back control surface 10108 at or near the back control-edge junction 10113 forms an angle of about 90° (e.g., is perpendicular to) with a slope of the edge surface 10111 at or near the back control-edge junction 10113.
In some embodiments, a slope of the back control surface 10108 at or near the back control-edge junction 10113 forms an angle equal to or less than about 90° with a slope of the edge surface 10111 at or near the back control-edge junction 10113 where the angle is subtended within the material of the lens (e.g., according to
In some embodiments, a slope of the back control surface 10108 at or near the back control-edge junction 10113 forms an angle equal to or greater than about 90° with a slope of the edge surface 10111 at or near the back control-edge junction 10113 where the angle is subtended within the material of the lens.
In some embodiments, a slope of the back control surface 10108 at or near the back control-edge junction 10113 forms an angle between about 750 and about 1050 with a slope of the edge surface 10111 at or near the back control-edge junction 10113 where the angle is subtended within the material of the lens.
In some embodiments, a slope of the front control surface 10107 at or near the front control-edge junction 10112 forms an angle of about 90° (e.g., is perpendicular to) with a slope of the edge surface 10111 at or near the front control-edge junction 10112.
In some embodiments, a slope of the front control surface 10107 at or near the front control-edge junction 10112 forms an angle equal to or less than about 90° with a slope of the edge surface 10111 at or near the front control-edge junction 10112 where the angle is subtended within the material of the lens (e.g., according to
In some embodiments, a slope of the front control surface 10107 at or near the front control-edge junction 10112 forms an angle equal to or greater than about 90° with a slope of the edge surface 10111 at or near the front control-edge junction 10112 where the angle is subtended within the material of the lens.
In some embodiments, a slope of the front control surface 10107 at or near the front control-edge junction 10112 forms an angle between about 750 and about 1050 with a slope of the edge surface 10111 at or near the front control-edge junction 10112 where the angle is subtended within the material of the lens.
In some embodiments, the front control-edge junction 10112 and the back control-edge junction 10113 may be coincident (e.g., substantially coincident, in very close proximity) so the edge surface 10111 may be very narrow in width, or substantially a ‘knife edge’ (e.g. a wedge shape, a taper).
In some embodiments, the edge surface may be treated to alter its optical characteristics such as one or more of transmission/opacity, scattering/diffusing, spectral transmission, reflectance, etc. The treatment may eliminate or reduce the propagation of light rays (e.g. ‘edge’ rays) that may refract or reflect off the edge either from aqueous to lens (from outside inwards), or from lens to aqueous/vitreous (from inside outwards), or from lens to lens (internal reflection), or from aqueous/vitreous to aqueous/vitreous (external reflection).
In some embodiments, the edge surface 10111 may be a smooth refracting or reflecting surface, or may possess optical features such as diffraction gratings, meta-surfaces (e.g., nano-optics pillars), frosting (e.g., similar to shower screens to render the surface scattering/diffusing), etc.
The front control-edge junction 10112 is the location where the front control surface 10107, or a region or zone more peripheral than the front control surface, and the edge 10111 of the supplementary IOL meet. When regarded as a meridional cross-section, the front control-edge junction 10112 may be a sharp corner, a radiused/rounded corner, a chamfered corner, a beveled corner, a filleted corner, or a profile that joins the front control surface 10107 to the edge 10111.
In certain embodiments, the front control curve 10107 may be separated from the front control-edge junction 10112 or the edge 10111 in which case, the front control surface 10107 may appear as a ring or annulus shape that does not continue to the lens edge 10111 when seen from front-on to the supplementary IOL 10100.
The back control-edge junction 10113 is the location where the back control surface 10108, or a region or zone more peripheral than the front control surface, and the edge 10111 of the supplementary IOL meet. When regarded as a meridional cross-section, the back control-edge junction 10113 may be a sharp corner, a radiused/rounded corner, a chamfered corner, a beveled corner, a filleted corner, or a profile that joins the back control surface 10108 to the edge 10111.
In certain embodiments, the back control curve 10108 may be separated from the back control-edge junction 10113 or the supplementary IOL edge 10111 in which case, the back control surface 10108 may be seen as a ring or annulus shape that does not continue to the lens edge 10111 as seen from front-on to the supplementary IOL 10100.
Further advantages of the claimed subject matter will become apparent from the following examples describing certain embodiments of the claimed subject matter. In certain embodiments, one or more than one (including for instance all) of the following further embodiments may comprise each of the other embodiments or parts thereof.
A1. An intraocular lens (IOL) comprising: an optic zone; and a control zone positioned peripherally relative to the optic zone and configured to reduce, minimize, and/or eliminate negative peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia (PPD).
A2. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the optic zone comprises a front (anterior) optic surface, a back (posterior) optic surface, a thickness (between front and back optic surfaces which may be constant or vary radially and/or vary circumferentially and/or vary transversely across at least a portion of the optic zone), and a refractive index.
A3. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the control zone comprises a front (anterior) control surface, a back (posterior) control surface, and an edge.
A4. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the optic zone comprises a prescribed optical power.
A5. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the optic zone is configured to deliver an optical power within a large range.
A6. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the optic zone incorporates any combination of one or more of multifocal optics, which may be refractive and/or diffractive or combinations thereof, for supporting near vision, extended depth of focus optics for supporting near vision, and toric optics for correcting astigmatism.
A7. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the optic zone is located in a central portion of the IOL and provides an optical power for supporting vision of the patient.
A8. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the control zone is positioned towards the periphery of the IOL but does not extend to the very edge of the IOL.
A9. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the control zone is positioned towards the periphery of the IOL and extends to the very edge of the IOL.
A10. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the control zone is configured to control PPD.
A1 l. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the control zone is configured to refract light to the dark band region to reduce, significantly reduce, and/or eliminate the occurrence/perception of PPD.
A12. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the control zone is configured to intercept a portion of oblique light rays (e.g., from light incident on the eye from peripheral field angles) passing through the pupil and redirect and/or distribute the rays to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band.
A13. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the location where the redirected and/or redistributed light hitting the retina is achieved by appropriate configurations of a back control surface, a front control surface, width of the edge, and/or the thickness or thickness profile (e.g., a thickness profile that increases or decreases towards the periphery of the intraocular lens) of the IOL at the control zone.
A14. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein a boundary between the optic zone and the control zone forms an optic-control junction comprising a front optic-control junction that marks the boundary or transition from the front optic surface to the front control surface and a back optic-control junction that marks the boundary or transition from the back optic surface to the front control surface.
A15. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the size (diameter if circular) of the optic zone is determined by the position of the front optic-control junction and/or the back optic control junction.
A16. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front optic-control junction is a point (when viewed as a meridional cross-section) at which the front optic and control surfaces meet.
A17. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front optic-control junction is a region (e.g., annulus for a circular IOL) over which the front optic surface transitions (or is blended) to the front control surface.
A18. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back optic-control junction is a point (when viewed as a meridional cross-section) at which the back optic and control surfaces meet.
A19. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back optic-control junction is a region (e.g., annulus for a circular IOL) over which the back optic surface transitions (or is blended) to the back control surface.
A20. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the position of the front optic-control junction is set such that the size of the optic zone matches (or closely matches) the size of the patient's pupil.
A21. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the position of the back optic-control junction is set such that the size of the optic zone matches (or closely matches) the size of the patient's pupil.
A22. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the size of the optic zone is slightly smaller or larger than the size of the patients pupil and does not significantly disturb vision.
A23. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back optic-control junction position is more peripheral than that of the front optic-control junction.
A24. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front and/or back control surfaces of the control zone are configured to have particular surface curvatures and/or profiles to redirect and/or distribute light to otherwise dark band regions of the retina.
A25. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the width of the control zone is as wide as possible to redirect as much light as possible to redirect light to the otherwise dark band region of the retina without significantly impacting vision.
A26. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back (posterior) control surface, together with the curvature/surface profile of the front (anterior) control surface redirects and/or distributes light to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band.
A27. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back control surface is convex towards the back of the eye (e.g., concave towards the front of the eye).
A28. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back control surface has a steeper curvature (e.g., shorter radius of curvature) than the back optic surface.
A29. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back control surface profile varies in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature changes) between back optic-control junction and the edge of the IOL.
A30. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back control surface profile is gradually increasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) towards the edge of the IOL.
A31. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back control surface profile is gradually decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) towards the edge of the IOL.
A32. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back control surface profile is gradually decreasing and then gradually increasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer and then shorter) towards the edge of the IOL.
A33. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back control surface profile is gradually increasing and then gradually decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter and then longer) towards the edge of the IOL.
A34. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back control surface profile is defined by an aspheric curve; definable by mathematical functions including conics, polynomials, Bezier curves, spline curves, Fourier series, wavelets, or combinations of two or more of such functions.
A35. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein a slope of the back control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL is such that as the back control surface progresses radially outwards (e.g., from axis of the IOL towards the peripheral retina), points on the back control surface become positioned more anteriorly (e.g., towards the iris).
A36. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to the back control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL is greater than the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to the back control surface at the back optic-control junction.
A37. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein a slope of the back control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL and the edge surface form an angle of less than 90 degrees, about 90 degrees, and/or greater than 90 degrees.
A38. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back control surface is C0-continuous with the back optic surface (e.g., the back control surface meets the back optic surface without a ledge or jump).
A39. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back control surface is C1-continuous with the back optic surface (e.g., the back control surface has a common tangent with the back optic surface where they meet).
A40. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back control surface is C2-continuous with the back optic surface (e.g., the back control surface has the same instantaneous curvature as the back optic surface at the point where they meet).
A41. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front control surface is convex towards the back of the eye (e.g., concave towards the front of the eye).
A42. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front control surface has a steeper curvature (e.g., shorter radius of curvature) than the back optic surface.
A43. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front optic surface is a positive refracting surface which is convex towards the front of the eye.
A44. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front control surface profile varies in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature changes) towards the edge of the IOL.
A45. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front control surface profile is gradually increasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) between front optic-control junction and the edge of the IOL.
A46. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front control surface profile is gradually decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) towards the edge of the IOL.
A47. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front control surface profile is gradually decreasing and then gradually increasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer and then shorter) towards the edge of the IOL.
A48. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front control surface profile is gradually increasing and then gradually decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter and then longer) towards the edge of the IOL.
A49. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front control surface profile is defined by an aspheric curve; definable by mathematical functions including conics, polynomials, Bezier curves, spline curves, Fourier series, wavelets, or combinations of two or more of such functions.
A50. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein a slope of the front control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL is such that as the front control surface progresses radially outwards (e.g., from axis of the IOL towards the peripheral retina), points on the front control surface become positioned more anteriorly (e.g., towards the iris).
A51. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to the front control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL is greater than the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to the front control surface at the front optic-control junction.
A52. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein a slope of the front control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL and the edge surface form an angle of less than 90 degrees, about 90 degrees, and/or greater than 90 degrees.
A53. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front control surface is C0-continuous with the front optic surface (e.g., the front control surface meets the front optic surface without a ledge or jump).
A54. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front control surface is C1-continuous with the front optic surface (e.g., the front control surface has a common tangent with the front optic surface where they meet).
A55. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front control surface is C2-continuous with the front optic surface (e.g., the front control surface has the same instantaneous curvature as the front optic surface at the point where they meet).
A56. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the back optic surface and the back control surface meet to create a gradual transition of ray refraction/deflection angles at the back surface for rays within the optic and control zones in the vicinity of the back optic junction.
A57. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the front optic surface and the front control surface meet to create a gradual transition of ray refraction/deflection angles at the front surface for rays within the optic and control zones in the vicinity of (e.g. proximal to or near to) the front optic junction.
A58. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the curvature/surface profile of the back control surface and/or the curvature/surface profile of the front control surface redirect and/or distribute light to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band.
A59. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the edge is formed by the surface between and joining the front and back control surfaces.
A60. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the edge is sloped so it faces anteriorly such that a normal to the edge surface and an axis of the IOL form an angle of less than 45°, 40°, 35°, 30°, or 25°.
A61. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the edge is sloped so it faces anteriorly such that a normal to the edge surface and an axis of the IOL form an angle of less than about 45°, 40°, 35°, 30°, 25°, 20°, 15°, or 10°.
A62. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the edge is sloped so it faces anteriorly such that a normal to the edge surface and an axis of the IOL form an angle of about 45°, 40°, 35°, 30°, 25°, 20°, 15°, 10°, 5°, or 2.5°.
A63. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the edge is sloped so it faces anteriorly such that a normal to the edge surface and an axis of the IOL form an angle of between about 35-45°, 35-40°, 25-35°, 25-30°, 15-25°, 10-20°, 10-15°, 5-15°, 0-15°, 5-10°, 0-10°, or 10-40°.
A64. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the edge surface is sloped so the angle of the slope is substantially the same as a by-pass ray (e.g., the direction of a by-pass ray is substantially parallel to the surface of the edge).
A65. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the edge surface is sloped so the angle of the slope is within about plus or minus 5° to a by-pass ray (e.g., the direction of a by-pass ray is less than about 5° in either directions relative to the slope of the surface of the edge).
A66. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein a width of the edge surface is about 2.5 mm, 2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.25 mm or 0.1 mm.
A67. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein a width of the edge surface is less than about 2.5 mm, 2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm or 0.25 mm.
A68. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the edge surface may be treated to alter its optical characteristics (e.g., one or more of transmission/opacity, scattering/diffusing, spectral transmission, reflectance, etc.).
A69. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein the treatment eliminates or reduces the propagation of light rays that may refract or reflect off the edge either from aqueous to lens (from outside inwards) or from lens to aqueous or vitreous (from inside outwards), or from lens to lens (internal reflection), or from aqueous to aqueous (external reflection).
A70. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein, the edge surface is a smooth refracting or reflecting surface, or possesses optical features such as diffraction gratings, meta-surfaces (e.g., nano-optics pillars), frosting (e.g., similar to shower screens to render the surface scattering/diffusing).
A71. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein a front control-edge junction is the location where the front control surface, or a region or zone more peripheral than the front control surface, and the edge of the IOL meet.
A72. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein a front control-edge region is the region on the front surface where the front control surface, or a region or zone more peripheral than the front control surface, joins to the edge of the IOL.
A73. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein, when regarded as a meridional cross-section, the front control-edge junction may be a sharp corner, a radiused/rounded corner, a chamfered corner, a filleted corner, or a profile that joins the front control surface to the edge.
A74. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein a back control-edge junction is the location where the back control surface, or a region or zone more peripheral than the back control surface, and the edge of the IOL meet.
A75. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein, when regarded as a meridional cross-section, the back control-edge junction may be a sharp corner, a radiused/rounded corner, a chamfered corner, a filleted corner, or a profile that joins the back control surface to the edge.
A76. The intraocular lens of any of the A examples, wherein a back control-edge region is the region on the back surface where the back control surface, or a region or zone more peripheral than the back control surface, joins to the edge of the IOL.
B1. An intraocular lens (IOL) comprising: a front (anterior) surface comprising a front optic surface located in the central portion of the front surface and a front control surface located peripherally to the front optic surface; a back (posterior) surface comprising a back optic surface located in the central portion of the back surface and a back control surface located peripherally to the back optic surface; an optic zone defined by the front optic surface, the back optic surface, a thickness (which may be constant or vary radially or circumferentially) between front optic surface and the back optic surface, and a refractive index (e.g., one or more refractive index); and a control zone positioned peripherally relative to the optic zone and defined by the front control surface, the back control surface, and an edge; wherein the front optic surface has a first surface curvature and the front control surface has a second surface curvature different than the first surface curvature, and the back optic surface has a third surface curvature and the back control surface has a fourth surface curvature different than the third surface curvature; wherein the control zone is configured to reduce, minimize, and/or eliminate negative peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia (PPD) (e.g., negative PPD).
B2. An intraocular lens (IOL) comprising: an optic zone comprising a front (anterior) optic surface, a back (posterior) optic surface, a thickness (between front and back optic surfaces which may be constant or vary radially or circumferentially), and a refractive index (e.g., one or more refractive index); and a control zone positioned peripherally relative to the optic zone and comprising a front (anterior) control surface, a back (posterior) control surface, and an edge; wherein the front optic surface has a first surface curvature and the front control surface has a second surface curvature different than the first surface curvature, and the back optic surface has a third surface curvature and the back control surface has a fourth surface curvature different than the third surface curvature; wherein the control zone is configured to reduce, minimize, and/or eliminate negative peripheral pseudophakic dysphotopsia (PPD).
B3. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front control surface is convex (e.g., substantially convex, or generally convex, e.g., convex when considered across the expanse of the front control surface) towards the back of the eye (e.g., concave towards the front of the eye).
B4. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front control surface may have a curvature opposite in sign to the curvature of the front optic surface.
B5. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein an absolute value for the radius of curvature of the front control surface may be smaller (e.g. lesser in value) than an absolute value of the radius of curvature of the front optic surface.
B6. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front control surface has a steeper curvature (e.g., shorter radius of curvature) than the front optic surface.
B7. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front optic surface is a positive refracting surface which is convex and the absolute value of curvature for the front optic surface is lower (i.e. has a greater absolute radius of curvature) than that for the front control surface which has greater curvature (i.e. has a lesser absolute radius of curvature) along the meridional cross section.
B8. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front optic surface is a positive refracting surface which is convex towards the front of the eye while the front control surface is concave towards the front of the eye.
B9. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back control surface may be convex (e.g., substantially convex, or generally convex, i.e. convex when considered across the expanse of the back control surface) towards the back of the eye (e.g., concave towards the front of the eye).
B10. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back control surface has a curvature opposite in sign to the curvature of the back optic surface.
B11. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein an absolute value for the radius of curvature of the back control surface is smaller (e.g. lesser in value) than an absolute value of the radius of curvature of the back optic surface.
B12. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back control surface has a steeper curvature (e.g., shorter radius of curvature) than the back optic surface.
B13. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back optic surface is a positive refracting surface which is convex and the absolute value of curvature for the back optic surface is lower (e.g., has a greater absolute radius of curvature) than that for the back control surface which has greater curvature (e.g., has a lesser absolute radius of curvature) along the meridional cross section.
B14. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back optic surface is a negative refracting surface which is convex towards the front of the eye while the back control surface is concave towards the front of the eye.
B15. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the optic zone comprises a front (anterior) optic surface, a back (posterior) optic surface, a thickness (between front and back optic surfaces which may be constant or vary radially or circumferentially), and a refractive index.
B16. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the control zone comprises a front (anterior) control surface, a back (posterior) control surface, and an edge.
B17. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the optic zone comprises a prescribed optical power.
B18. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the optic zone is configured to deliver an optical power within a large range.
B19. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the optic zone incorporates any combination of one or more of multifocal optics for supporting near vision, extended depth of focus optics for supporting near vision, diffractive optics, and toric optics for correcting astigmatism.
B20. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the optic zone is located in a central portion of the IOL and provides an optical power for supporting vision of the patient.
B21. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the control zone is positioned towards the periphery of the IOL but does not extend to the very edge of the IOL.
B22. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the control zone is positioned towards the periphery of the IOL and extends to the very edge of the IOL.
B23. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the control zone is configured to control negative PPD.
B24. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the control zone is configured to refract light to the dark band region to reduce, significantly reduce, and/or eliminate the occurrence/perception of PPD.
B25. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the control zone is configured to intercept a portion of oblique light rays (e.g., from light incident on the eye from peripheral field angles) passing through the pupil and redirect and/or distribute the rays to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band.
B26. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the location where the redirected and/or redistributed light hitting the retina is achieved by appropriate configurations of a back control surface, a front control surface, width of the edge, and/or the thickness or thickness profile (e.g., a thickness profile that increases or or decreases towards the periphery of the intraocular lens) of the IOL at the control zone.
B27. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein a boundary between an optic zone and a control zone forms an optic-control junction, said optic-control junction marks the boundary or transition from the optic surface to the control surface.
B28. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the size (diameter if circular) of the optic zone is determined by the position of the front optic-control junction and/or the back optic control junction.
B29. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front optic-control junction is a point (when viewed as a meridional cross-section) at which the front optic and control surfaces meet.
B30. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front optic-control junction is a region (e.g., annulus for a circular IOL) over which the front optic surface transitions (or is blended) to the front control surface.
B31. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back optic-control junction is a point (when viewed as a meridional cross-section) at which the back optic and control surfaces meet.
B32. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the optic-control junction is a region (e.g., annulus for a circular IOL) over which an optic surface transitions (or is blended) to a control surface.
B33. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the position of the front optic-control junction is set such that the size of the optic zone matches (or closely matches) the size of the patient's pupil.
B34. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the position of the back optic-control junction is set such that the size of the optic zone matches (or closely matches) the size of the patient's pupil.
B35. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the size of the optic zone is slightly smaller or larger than the size of the patients pupil and does not significantly disturb vision.
B36. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back optic-control junction position is more peripheral than that of the front optic-control junction.
B37. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front and/or back control surfaces of the control zone are configured to have particular surface curvatures and/or profiles to redirect and/or distribute light to otherwise dark band regions of the retina.
B38. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back (posterior) control surface, together with the curvature/surface profile of the front (anterior) control surface redirects and/or distributes light to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band.
B39. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back control surface is convex towards the back of the eye (e.g., concave towards the front of the eye).
B40. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back control surface has a steeper curvature (e.g., shorter radius of curvature) than the back optic surface.
B41. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back control surface profile varies in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature changes) towards the edge of the IOL.
B42. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back control surface profile is gradually increasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) towards the edge of the IOL.
B43. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back control surface profile is gradually decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) towards the edge of the IOL.
B44. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back control surface profile is gradually decreasing and then gradually increasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer and then shorter) towards the edge of the IOL.
B45. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back control surface profile is gradually increasing and then gradually decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter and then longer) towards the edge of the IOL.
B46. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back control surface profile is defined by an aspheric curve; definable by mathematical functions including conics, polynomials, Bezier curves, spline curves, Fourier series, wavelets, or combinations of two or more of such functions.
B47. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein a slope of the back control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL is such that as the back control surface progresses radially outwards (e.g., from axis of the IOL towards the peripheral retina), points on the back control surface become positioned more anteriorly (e.g., towards the iris).
B48. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to a frontal plane of the intraocular lens of the back control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL is greater than the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to the frontal plane of the intraocular lens of the back control surface at the back optic-control junction.
B49. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein an angle of a slope of the back control surface relative to a frontal plane of the intraocular lens, at or proximal to the back control-edge junction is more negative in value than an angle of a slope of the back control surface relative to the frontal plane of the intraocular lens at or near to the back optic-control junction.
B50. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein an angle of a slope of the front control surface relative to a frontal plane of the intraocular lens, at or proximal to the front control-edge junction is more negative in value than an angle of a slope of the front control surface relative to the frontal plane of the intraocular lens at or near to the front optic-control junction.
B51. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein a slope of a control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL and the edge surface form an angle of between 70 degrees and 110 degrees, or between 75 degrees and 105 degrees, or between 80 degrees and 100 degrees.
B52. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein a control surface is C0-continuous with an optic surface (e.g., the back control surface meets the back optic surface without a ledge or jump).
B53. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein a control surface is C1-continuous with an optic surface (e.g., the back control surface has a common tangent with the back optic surface where they meet).
B54. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back control surface is C2-continuous with the back optic surface (e.g., the back control surface has the same instantaneous curvature as the back optic surface at the point where they meet).
B55. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front control surface is convex towards the back of the eye (e.g., concave towards the front of the eye).
B56. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front control surface has a steeper curvature (e.g., shorter radius of curvature) than the back optic surface.
B57. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front optic surface is a positive refracting surface which is convex towards the front of the eye.
B58. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front control surface profile varies in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature changes) towards the edge of the IOL.
B59. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front control surface profile is gradually increasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter) towards the edge of the IOL.
B60. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front control surface profile is gradually decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer) towards the edge of the IOL.
B61. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front control surface profile is gradually decreasing and then gradually increasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes longer and then shorter) towards the edge of the IOL.
B62. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front control surface profile is gradually increasing and then gradually decreasing in curvature (e.g., radius of curvature becomes shorter and then longer) towards the edge of the IOL.
B63. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front control surface profile is defined by an aspheric curve; definable by mathematical functions including conics, polynomials, Bezier curves, spline curves, Fourier series, wavelets, or combinations of two or more of such functions.
B64. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein a slope of the front control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL is such that as the front control surface progresses radially outwards (e.g., from axis of the IOL towards the peripheral retina), points on the front control surface become positioned more anteriorly (e.g., towards the iris).
B65. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to the front control surface proximal to the edge of the IOL is greater than the absolute value of the angle of a slope relative to the front control surface at the front optic-control junction.
B66. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the front control surface is C2-continuous with the front optic surface (e.g., the front control surface has the same instantaneous curvature as the front optic surface at the point where they meet).
B67. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the back optic surface and the back control surface meet to create a gradual transition of ray refraction/deflection angles at the back surface for rays within the optic and control zones in the vicinity of the back optic junction.
B68. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the curvature/surface profile of the back control surface and/or the curvature/surface profile of the front control surface redirect and/or distribute light to a region on the retina that would otherwise be a dark band.
B69. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the edge is formed by the surface between and joining the front and back control surfaces.
B70. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the edge is sloped so it faces anteriorly such that a normal to the edge surface and an axis of the IOL form an angle of about 45°, 40°, 35°, 30°, 25°, 20°, 15°, 10°, or 5°.
B71. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the edge is sloped so it faces anteriorly such that a normal to the edge surface and an axis of the IOL form an angle of less than about 45°, 40°, 35°, 30°, 25°, or 20°.
B72. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the edge is sloped so it faces anteriorly such that a normal to the edge surface and an axis of the IOL form an angle of between about 35-45°, 35-40°, 25-35°, 25-30°, 15-25°, 10-20°, 10-15°, 5-10°, or 10-40°.
B73. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the edge surface is sloped so the angle of the slope is substantially the same as a by-pass ray (e.g., the direction of a by-pass ray is parallel to the surface of the edge).
B74. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein a width of the edge surface is about 2.5 mm, 2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm or 0.5 mm.
B75. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein a width of the edge surface is less than about 2.5 mm, 2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm or 0.5 mm.
B76. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the edge surface may be treated to alter its optical characteristics (e.g., one or more of transmission/opacity, scattering/diffusing, spectral transmission, reflectance, etc.).
B77. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the treatment eliminates or reduces the propagation of light rays that may refract or reflect off the edge either from aqueous to lens (from outside inwards) or from lens to aqueous (from inside outwards), or from lens to lens (internal reflection).
B78. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein, the edge surface is a smooth refracting or reflecting surface, or possesses optical features such as diffraction gratings, meta-surfaces (e.g., nano-optics pillars), frosting (e.g., similar to shower screens to render the surface scattering/diffusing).
B79. The intraocular lens of ant of the B examples, wherein a front control-edge junction is the location where the front control surface, or a region or zone more peripheral than the front control surface, and the edge of the IOL meet.
B80. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein, when regarded as a meridional cross-section, the front control-edge junction may be a sharp corner, a radiused/rounded corner, a chamfered corner, a filleted corner, or a profile that joins the front control surface to the edge.
B81. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein a back control-edge junction is the location where the back control surface, or a region or zone more peripheral than the front control surface, and the edge of the IOL meet.
B82. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein, when regarded as a meridional cross-section, the back control-edge junction may be a sharp corner, a radiused/rounded corner, a chamfered corner, a filleted corner, or a profile that joins the back control surface to the edge.
B83. The intraocular lens of any of the B examples, wherein the intraocular lens is a supplementary intraocular lens that is implanted to function in conjunction with an existing intraocular lens.
It will be understood that the embodiments disclosed and defined in this specification extends to all alternative combinations of two or more of the individual features mentioned or evident from the text or drawings. All of these different combinations constitute various alternative aspects of the present disclosure.
The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions, and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/988,198 entitled, Intraocular Lenses for Reducing Peripheral Pseudophakic Dysphotopsia, filed on Mar. 11, 2020. This priority application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2021/051990 | 3/10/2021 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62988198 | Mar 2020 | US |
