Patent Grant
10856894
The apparatuses and methods described herein relate to mechanical removal of objects from within a body. In particular, described herein are mechanical thrombectomy apparatuses and methods.
Many vascular problems stem from insufficient blood flow through blood vessels. One causes of insufficient or irregular blood flow is a blockage within a blood vessel referred to as a blood clot, or thrombus. Thrombi can occur for many reasons, including after a trauma such as surgery, or due to other causes. For example, a large percentage of the more than 1.2 million heart attacks in the United States are caused by blood clots (thrombi) which form within a coronary artery. It is often desirable to remove tissue from the body in a minimally invasive manner as possible, so as not to damage other tissues. For example, removal of tissue, such as blood clots, from within a patient's vasculature may improve patient quality of life.
Mechanical thrombectomy devices may be particularly advantageous. There is a definite need for thrombectomy devices, and particularly a mechanical thrombectomy devices that can be easily and accurately delivered through the, often tortious, anatomy in the peripheral and central vasculature, then reliably deployed to remove clot material. Described herein are apparatuses (devices, systems and kit) and methods of using them that may address the needs and problems discussed above.
Described herein are inverting tractor mechanical thrombectomy apparatuses (devices, systems, etc.) and methods of using and making them.
In particular, described herein are inverting tractor mechanical thrombectomy apparatuses that are configured to have improved tracking within even the most tortious vessels of the anatomy. These inverting tractor mechanical thrombectomy apparatuses may be referred to herein as mechanical thrombectomy apparatuses. The method and apparatuses described herein may include the use of a deliver catheter (e.g., “intermediate catheter”) that is pre-loaded with the mechanical thrombectomy apparatus in a specific arrangement that provides enhances tracking, and methods of using them to reach, and remove, clot.
Also described herein are adaptations to mechanical thrombectomy apparatuses that allow them to remove particularly large clots without breaking or disrupting the clot, even if the rolling tractor portion of the mechanical thrombectomy apparatus is not able to pull additional clot into the apparatus.
Typically, the mechanical thrombectomy apparatuses described herein are inverting thrombectomy apparatuses (also referred to herein as inverting tractor thrombectomy apparatuses and inverting tube thrombectomy apparatuses) that include a flexible tube (e.g., tractor tube, tractor region, tractor portion, etc.) and an elongate inversion support catheter. The tractor tube generally comprises a flexible tube of material that inverts over itself as it rolls over a distal end opening of an elongate inversion support. The flexible tube may be formed of a knitted material, and may be configured (e.g., sized, oriented, etc.) to roll smoothly over the distal end opening of the elongate inversion support catheter. The flexible tube may be configured so that it is doubly biased, in order to prevent jamming and to grab and compress relatively large clots as it rolls and inverts into the elongate inversion support catheter at the distal end opening of the elongate inversion support catheter; the flexible tube may be biased so that it has an expanded (e.g., relaxed) un-inverted configuration having an outer diameter that is approximately the same or slightly larger than the inner diameter of the elongate inversion support catheter, which may be referred to as a second configuration of the flexible tube. The flexible tube may also be further biased so that it has an expanded (e.g., relaxed) inverted configuration (which may be referred to as a first configuration) having an inner and outer diameter that is larger than the outer diameter of the elongate inversion support catheter. The inner diameter in this first configuration may be greater than 1.2× (e.g., between 1.2× and 10×, between 1.2× and 8×, between 1.2× and 6×, between 1.2× and 5×, between 1.2× and 3×, etc.) the outer diameter of the inversion support catheter. Thus, when the flexible tube is placed in and over the distal end of the inversion support catheter, a first (inner) portion of the tractor tube is within the distal end of the elongate inversion support catheter in the un-inverted configuration and it is biased to expand towards (and in some configuration against) the inner diameter of the inversion support catheter; the region of the flexible tube that is inverted over the distal end opening of the inversion support catheter and extends proximally down the outside of the inversion support catheter is in an inverted configuration in which the inner diameter of the flexible tube is biased to be larger than the outer diameter of the inversion support catheter. This double-biased configuration may be a result of the weave pattern (e.g., knitting), and/or a shape setting of the material forming the tractor tube, which may be a shape memory material. As a result, the inverting portion of the flexible tube, where it rolls and inverts over itself at the distal end of the inversion support catheter may be prevented from collapsing on itself as the tractor tube is rolled and pulled into the inversion support catheter. In some variations this configuration may also result in a somewhat flattened (e.g., and in some cases “trumpet shaped”) distal end face that is rolling over the distal end opening of the elongate inversion support catheter. The trumpet-shaped distal end may have a teardrop-shaped cross-section. In some variations, the distal end face of the flexible tube may be T-shaped.
Also described herein are variations in which the first configuration of the flexible tube on the outside of the inversion support catheter (which may be referred to herein as an elongate inversion support catheter) maybe flush or nearly flush with the outer diameter of the inversion support catheter, e.g., within 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, etc. of the outer diameter of the inversion support catheter.
The flexible tube may be coupled to a puller that is within the lumen of the inversion support. The puller may be a wire, filament, rod or more preferably a catheter or tube (and may be referred to herein as a pull micro catheter or “PMC” for convenience). A guidewire may be passed through the flexible tube, and therefore through the inversion support and the tractor tube. As will be described herein, this may be used for positioning.
The inversion support catheter may be configured as a catheter having a distal end opening into which the tractor inverts. The flexible tube may invert and rolls back into itself and may be drawn into the inversion support in a conveyor-like motion; the outward-facing region rolls around to become an inward-facing region, e.g., within the lumen of the inversion support catheter. The rolling motion may thus draw a clot or other object within a vessel into the inversion support. The inversion support catheter may be shaped or configured to have a sufficient column strength to withstand the compressive pulling force of the flexible tube as it is drawn (and rolled, inverting) into the distal end of the inversion support catheter. The inversion support catheter may be slotted (e.g., may include a plurality of slots or openings) to provide increased flexibility as well as column strength. However, as will be described herein, many inversion support catheters may become less flexible (e.g., more rigid) when a compressive force is applied to the flexible tube, either as a result of pulling the flexible tube proximally, either from within the inversion support catheter, or from the outside of the inversion support catheter as the flexible tube brushes against the vessel and/or a delivery catheter when being driven distally towards a clot.
Thus, described herein are mechanical inverting thrombectomy apparatuses that are adapted to enhance tracking as the apparatus is positioned within the vessel by pushing it distally away from an insertion point into the body to the site of the thrombus. These apparatuses and methods may include pre-loading the apparatus within an intermediate catheter in a particular configuration allowing it to track more easily, as well as variations in which the flexible tube is held within the inversion support catheter and deployed near the clot. Finally, described herein are apparatus in which the flexible tube (e.g., mesh, weave, knit) to limit or prevent the application of a compressive force on the inversion support catheter that may otherwise reduce flexibility and maneuverability of the inversion support catheter.
Also described herein are methods and apparatuses for removing extensive clots, even when the flexible tube portion of the apparatus has been completely inverted, without breaking the clot and risking release of the clot back into the bloodstream where it could cause further harm.
For example, described herein are methods and apparatuses that use one or more vacuum sources that may be applied either or both when initially contacting a clot and/or when removing the clot after being completely or partially engulfed by the flexible tube (tractor) portion of the apparatuses described herein. These methods and apparatuses may be used with any of the apparatuses and methods described herein, for example, in above-incorporated U.S. application Ser. Nos. 15/291,015 and 15/496,570.
A method of removing a clot from a vessel may include: advancing an inverting tube apparatus through a vessel until a distal end of the inverting tube apparatus is proximate to a clot, wherein the inverting tube apparatus comprises an intermediate catheter, an inversion support catheter within a lumen of the intermediate catheter, a puller catheter within a lumen of the elongate support catheter, and a flexible tube having a first end coupled at a distal end region of the puller catheter, wherein flexible tube inverts over a distal end of the inversion support catheter and extends proximally between the intermediate catheter and the inversion support catheter; advancing the puller catheter distally so that a distal face of puller catheter extends distally from the inverting tube apparatus; applying a vacuum through the puller catheter to engage the clot with the distal face of the puller catheter; and pulling the puller catheter proximally to roll the flexible tube over a distal end of the inversion support catheter so that the flexible tube inverts over the distal end of the inversion support catheter captures the clot and pulls the clot proximally into the inversion support catheter.
The inverting tube apparatus (e.g., a mechanical thrombectomy apparatus) may be inserted through a vessel such as a blood vessel, artery, etc., until a distal end, or a distal-most end, of the inverting tube apparatus is proximate to a clot. The clot may be immediately adjacent to the end of the apparatus, or it may be within a few cm (e.g., within 1 cm, within 2 cm, within 3 cm, within 4 cm, etc.). This may be detected by visualization, such as fluoroscopy. Thus, the apparatuses described herein may include one or more markers for visualization. Contrast may be used to visualize the clot and/or may be released from the apparatus. The apparatus may be deployed in a pre-loaded/pre-assembled configuration, as will be described in more detail below.
In any of these methods described herein, the flexible tube may be knitted and/or the apparatus may be configured with the opening into the vacuum lumen (e.g., through the puller catheter) at the distal-most end of the device, so that the flexible tube extends behind (proximal) the distal-facing end of the puller catheter. For example, the method of removing a clot from a vessel may include: advancing an inverting tube apparatus through a vessel until a distal end of the inverting tube apparatus is proximate to a clot, wherein the inverting tube apparatus comprises an intermediate catheter, an inversion support catheter within a lumen of the intermediate catheter, a puller catheter within a lumen of the elongate support catheter, and a knitted tube having a first end coupled at a distal end region of the puller catheter, wherein knitted tube inverts over a distal end of the inversion support catheter and extends proximally between the intermediate catheter and the inversion support catheter, further wherein the knitted tube comprises a filament that is knitted to form a plurality of interlocking loop stitches; advancing the puller catheter distally so that a distal face of puller catheter extends distally from the inverting tube apparatus further than the knitted tube; applying a vacuum through the puller catheter to engage the clot with the distal face of the puller catheter; and pulling the puller catheter proximally to roll the knitted tube over a distal end of the inversion support catheter so that the knitted tube inverts over the distal end of the inversion support catheter, captures the clot, and pulls the clot proximally into the inversion support catheter.
Thus, in any of these variations, advancing the puller catheter distally may include advancing the puller catheter so that a distal face of puller catheter extends distally from the inverting tube apparatus further than the flexible tube. Advancing the inverting tube apparatus may comprise advancing over a guidewire passing through the puller catheter of the inverting tube apparatus. Advancing the puller catheter distally may further comprise advancing the elongate support catheter distally between the flexible tube and the puller catheter. Advancing the inverting tube apparatus comprises advancing the puller and flexible tube distally in the vessel, wherein the flexible tube extends proximally from the distal end region and further wherein the flexible tube comprises a knitted tube comprising a filament that is knitted to form a plurality of interlocking loop stitches.
Any of these methods may also include withdrawing the intermediate catheter proximally before or while advancing the puller catheter distally.
In general, applying the vacuum may include applying the vacuum through the puller catheter and around a guidewire within the puller catheter. When a guidewire is used, it may be threaded through the puller catheter; the vacuum may be applied with the guidewire present or it may be removed first. For example, the method may include removing a guidewire from out of the puller catheter prior to applying the vacuum.
The vacuum (suction) applied may also be used to help guide the therapy and operation of the apparatus. For example, any of these methods may include observing flow from the puller catheter when applying the vacuum to determine when the clot is engaged with the distal face of the puller catheter. The vacuum may be applied concurrently with advancing the puller catheter distally; once the clot is contacted (which may be detected, e.g., by monitoring the vacuum resistance and/or the flow through the puller catheter), the vacuum may be sustained, reduced, or turned off.
In some variations, vacuum may be applied through the intermediate catheter while withdrawing the puller catheter and puller proximally into the intermediate catheter.
Also described herein are methods and apparatus for removing longer/larger clots from a vessel. In particular, described herein are methods and apparatuses for removing clots that are longer than the flexible tube portion of the apparatus.
For example, described herein are methods of removing a large clot from a vessel, the method comprising: advancing an inverting tube apparatus through a vessel until a distal end of the inverting tube apparatus is proximate to a clot, wherein the inverting tube apparatus comprises an intermediate catheter, an inversion support catheter within a lumen of the intermediate catheter, a puller within a lumen of the inversion support catheter, and a flexible tube having a first end coupled at a distal end region of the puller and a second end that is free to move over an outer surface of the inversion support catheter, wherein the flexible tube extends proximally between the intermediate catheter and the inversion support catheter; pulling the puller proximally to roll the flexible tube over the distal end of the inversion support catheter so that the flexible tube inverts over a distal end of the inversion support catheter, captures the clot, and pulls the clot proximally into the inversion support catheter, wherein the second end reaches the distal end of the inversion support catheter while a portion of the clot extends distally from the inversion support catheter; and withdrawing, after the second end reaches the distal end of the inversion support catheter, the inversion support catheter and puller with the clot attached proximally into the intermediate catheter until the entire clot is within the intermediate catheter.
For example, a method of removing a clot from a vessel may include: advancing an inverting tube apparatus through a vessel until a distal end of the inverting tube apparatus is proximate to a clot, wherein the inverting tube apparatus comprises an intermediate catheter, an inversion support catheter within a lumen of the intermediate catheter, a puller within a lumen of the elongate support catheter, and a flexible tube having a first end coupled at a distal end region of the puller and a second end comprising a cuff that is less flexible that a region of the flexible tube adjacent to the cuff, wherein the flexible tube extends proximally between the intermediate catheter and the inversion support catheter; pulling the puller proximally to roll the flexible tube over the distal end of the inversion support catheter so that the flexible tube inverts over a distal end of the inversion support catheter, captures the clot, and pulls the clot proximally into the inversion support catheter; stopping pulling the puller from moving proximally when or before the cuff reaches the distal end of the inversion support catheter; moving the intermediate catheter distally past the cuff to invert the cuff over the distal end of the inversion support catheter; and withdrawing the inversion support catheter and puller with the clot attached proximally into the intermediate catheter.
A large clot may be a clot that is typically longer than the capacity of the apparatus to hold within the flexible tube. This is described in greater detail herein, but may be, e.g., a 12:1 ratio (where, for every 12 cm of, e.g., woven, flexible tube, 1 cm of length of clot may be contained within the woven flexible tube). In general, large clots may have a large diameter and/or a long length. Longer clots may include clots having a length that is about 0.5 m or longer (e.g., about 1 cm or longer, about 2 cm or longer, about 3 cm or longer, about 4 cm or longer, about 5 cm or longer, etc.).
In any of the methods described herein, the second end may reach the distal end of the inversion support catheter while a portion of the clot extends distally from the inversion support catheter so that at least a portion of the clot extends out of the flexible tube. The second end of the flexible tube may be prevented (stopped) from inverting over the end of the inversion support catheter, or it may be inverted and flipped (e.g., by advancing the intermediate catheter) in a non-traumatic way that prevents or limits the risk of breaking/tearing/disrupting the clot.
In any of these variations, suction may be applied through the inverting tube apparatus (e.g., through the intermediate catheter and/or the inversion support catheter) when withdrawing the inversion support catheter and puller with the clot attached proximally into the intermediate catheter.
The second end of the flexible tube may comprise a cuff that is less flexible that a region of the tube adjacent to the cuff. As will be described in more detail below, the cuff may be formed as a material attached to or applied onto/over the end of the flexible tube. For example, the second end of the flexible tube may comprise a cuff formed of a polymeric material applied onto/over the knitted tube. The cuff may be slit or cut (e.g., all or partially along its length) to provide some flexibility when pulling over or around the end of the tube. For example, the cuff may include longitudinal slits along its length. The cuff may have a durometer that is greater than the durometer of the flexible tube (e.g., knitted tube). The cuff, in some variations, is thicker than the flexible tube. In any of the variations described herein, the cuff may be radiopaque (e.g., by including a radiopaque material, such as platinum) on or within the cuff.
As mentioned, the apparatus may be configured so that the end (e.g., the second end) of the flexible tube may be prevented from inverting and rolling over the distal end of the inversion support catheter by simply pulling proximally on the puller. Thus, in any of these variations, the intermediate catheter may be configured to push the cuff over the distal end of the inversion support catheter when the intermediate catheter is advanced distally past the cuff.
As mentioned, any of these methods may include limiting the puller to stop the puller from moving proximally when or before the cuff reaches the distal end of the inversion support catheter. The limiting may be achieved by the cuff or other member (e.g., protrusion) engaging a stop (e.g., on the inversion support catheter) or the like. Any of these methods may include moving the intermediate catheter distally past the cuff to invert the cuff over the distal end of the inversion support catheter.
Specifically described herein are methods and apparatuses using flexible knitted tubes (tractors) as part of any of the mechanical thrombectomy apparatuses described herein. For example, the knitted flexible tubes may be configured to have stitch lengths that assist in capturing of clot within the vessel, even where the vessel has a larger inner diameter than the outer diameter of the flexible tube in an expanded configuration outside of the inversion support catheter. In particular, apparatuses in which the stitch length is within a range of lengths that may be set by the dimension of the vessel (e.g., blood vessel, artery, peripheral vessel, etc.) and/or the outer diameter of the inversion support catheter. For example, a stitch length may be between about 0.5 mm and 10 mm and/or may be selected based on the dimension of the vessel into which the apparatus is to be operated to remove a clot.
For example, described herein are method of removing a clot from a vessel having an inner diameter (ID), the method comprising: advancing an inverting tube apparatus through the vessel until a distal end of the inverting tube apparatus is proximate to a clot, wherein the inverting tube apparatus comprises an intermediate catheter, an inversion support catheter within a lumen of the intermediate catheter, a puller within a lumen of the support catheter, and a knitted tube having a first end coupled at a distal end region of the puller and a second end, wherein the knitted tube extends between the intermediate catheter and the inversion support catheter; further wherein the knitted tube comprises a filament knitted to form a plurality of interlocking loop stitches, wherein each loop stitch has a stitch length that is between the difference of 25% of the ID and one half the outer diameter (OD) of the inversion support catheter and 65% of the ID and one half of the OD of the inversion support catheter; pulling the puller proximally to roll the knitted tube over the distal end of the inversion support catheter so that the knitted tube inverts over a distal end of the inversion support catheter driving the loop stitches outward, captures the clot, and pulls the clot proximally into the inversion support catheter.
Any of these methods may be used in particular with apparatuses in which the flexible tube is configured to remain relative snug on the inversion support catheter (e.g., within 50% (e.g., 40%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, etc.) of the outer diameter of the inversion support catheter in the expanded (unconstrained) first configuration. In general, these apparatuses may expand at or near the distal-facing ends of the flexible tube, where the tube is inverting over itself, but may not be expanded at more proximal regions. This may form the T-shaped, Y-shaped, and/or trumpet-shaped distal end faces of the flexible tubes described herein. For example, in some variations, the knitted tube extends over the inversion support catheter with an inner diameter that is within 20% of the OD the inversion support catheter.
The second end of the knitted tube may comprise a cuff that is less flexible that a region of the knitted tube adjacent to the cuff, as described above and further herein. Alternatively, or additionally, the knitted tube may be shape-set to have a narrower region at the second end region (near the second end) of the flexible tube.
As mentioned above, in general, each loop stitch may have a stitch length that is between the difference of 25% of the ID and one half the outer diameter (OD) of the inversion support catheter and 65% of the ID and one half of the OD of the inversion support catheter. For example, each loop stitch may have a stitch length that is between the difference of 30% of the ID and one half the OD of the inversion support catheter and 60% of the ID and one half of the OD of the inversion support catheter (e.g., between the difference of 35% of the ID and one half the OD of the inversion support catheter and 50% of the ID and one half of the OD of the inversion support catheter, between the difference of 40% of the ID and one half the OD of the inversion support catheter and 45% of the ID and one half of the OD of the inversion support catheter, between the difference of 25% of the ID and one half the OD of the inversion support catheter and 45% of the ID and one half of the OD of the inversion support catheter, etc.). The stitch length may refer to the longitudinal (in the proximal-to-distal axis, which may curve or bend) of the knitted tube. The knitted tube may be formed of one or more filaments (or filament bundles) that are knitted into the tube to form interlocking links (loop stitches). The filament material may be relatively stiff, such as a wire, e.g., Nitinol wire, that when knitted has a material flexibility. The knit may be coated with a material (e.g., a lubricious material, etc.). Examples of knits are illustrated in, e.g., U.S. application Ser. No. 15/496,570, filed on Apr. 25, 2017 (“Anti-Jamming and Macerating Thrombectomy Apparatuses and methods”), previously incorporated by reference in its entirety.
For example, an inverting tube apparatus for removing a clot from a vessel may include: an intermediate catheter; an inversion support catheter within a lumen of the intermediate catheter; a puller within a lumen of the elongate support catheter; and a knitted tube extending over the inversion support catheter, the knitted tube having a first end coupled at a distal end region of the puller and a second end that is free, wherein the knitted tube is configure to be pulled proximally into the inversion support catheter by pulling the puller proximally so that the knitted tube rolls and inverts over a distal end of the inversion support catheter; further wherein the knitted tube comprises a filament knitted to form a plurality of interlocking loop stitches, wherein each loop stitch has a stitch length that is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.
As mentioned, the knitted tube may extend over the inversion support catheter with an inner diameter that is within 20% (e.g., within about 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, etc.) of the outer diameter of the inversion support catheter (e.g., relatively snugly to or against the inversion support catheter). The second end of the knitted tube may comprise a cuff that is less flexible that a region of the knitted tube adjacent to the cuff.
Any of the methods and apparatuses described herein may include an expanded flexible tube portion that expands outward less than the diameter of the vessel over much (e.g., greater than about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 90%, etc.) of its length while having an expanded second end region that has a much smaller diameter near this second end region (e.g., having a diameter that is within about 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, etc. of the inversion support catheter. This configuration may allow even larger-diameter clots (e.g., from the peripheral vasculature) to be engulfed and safely removed with apparatuses having a much narrower diameter than the vessels in which the clots are located.
For example, described herein are inverting tube apparatus for removing a clot from a vessel, the apparatus comprising: an inversion support catheter; a puller within a lumen of the inversion support catheter; and a knitted tube extending over the inversion support catheter in a first configuration, the knitted tube having a first end coupled to a distal end region of the puller, and a second end that is free to move relative to the inserting support catheter, wherein the knitted tube is configure to be pulled proximally into the inversion support catheter by pulling the puller proximally so that the knitted tube rolls and inverts over a distal end of the inversion support catheter into a second configuration within the inversion support catheter; further wherein the knitted tube in the first configuration has an expanded outer diameter that is between 0.5 mm and 12 mm for a first region of the knitted tube that is adjacent to the first end, and the knitted tube in the second configuration has an inner diameter that is greater than 30% of an inner diameter of the inversion support catheter, and wherein a second region of the knitted tube adjacent to the second end has an expanded outer diameter that is less than the expanded outer diameter of the region of the knitted tube adjacent to the first end and within 20% of an outer diameter of the inversion support catheter.
As mentioned, the knitted tube in the first configuration may have an expanded outer diameter (unconstrained) that is between 0.5 mm and 12 mm; in some variations this expanded outer diameter is between 0.5 mm and 15 mm, e.g., between about 0.5 mm and about 14 mm, between about 0.5 mm and about 13 mm, between about 0.5 mm and about 11 mm, between about 0.5 mm and about 10 mm, between about 0.5 mm and about 9 mm, between about 0.5 mm and about 8 mm, between about 3 mm and about 15 mm, between about 4 mm and about 15 mm, between about 5 mm and about 15 mm, between about 3 mm and about 12 mm, between about 4 mm and about 12 mm, between about 5 mm and about 12 mm, between about 3 mm and about 10 mm, between about 4 mm and about 10 mm, between about 5 mm and about 10 mm, etc.
Any of the apparatuses described herein may include a cuff at the second end, wherein the cuff has a stiffness that is greater than a region of the knitted tube adjacent to the cuff. Alternatively, or additionally, any of these apparatuses may include a stop configured to limit the travel of the knitted tube so that the second end does not roll and invert over the distal end of the inversion support catheter.
The knitted tube may be shape set so that the first configuration has the outer diameter between, e.g., 0.5 mm and 10 mm for the region of the kitted tube adjacent to the first end, and the knitted tube in the second configuration has an inner diameter that is greater than, e.g., about 30% (e.g., about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, etc.) of the inner diameter of the inversion support catheter.
The first region of the kitted tube (having the larger expanded diameter) may be any appropriate length (e.g., at least about 0.5 cm, about 1 cm, about 2 cm, about 3 cm, about 4 cm, about 5 cm, about 6 cm, about 7 cm, about 8 cm, about 9 cm, about 10 cm, etc.). Similarly, the second region (having the narrower expanded diameter) may be any appropriate length (e.g., at least about 0.5 cm, about 1 cm, about 2 cm, about 3 cm, about 4 cm, about 5 cm, etc.).
The knitted tube may comprise a filament knitted to form a plurality of interlocking loop stitches, wherein each loop stitch has a stitch length that is between a predetermined range (e.g., between about 0.5 mm and 8 mm, about 0.5 to 10 mm, about 0.5 mm to 12 mm, about 0.5 to 14 mm, etc.). This may permit, for example, at a region of the knitted tube that is inverting from the first configuration to the second configuration, a sub-set of the plurality of loop stitches forming the knitted tube may extend proud from the long axis of the knitted tube by between 0.5 mm and 10 mm (e.g., between about 0.3 mm and about 8 mm, between about 0.5 mm and about 8 mm, between about 0.5 mm and about 7 mm, between about 0.5 mm and about 6 mm, greater than about 1 mm, greater than about 2 mm, greater than about 3 mm, greater than about 4 mm, greater than about 5 mm, etc.) as the knitted tube inverts.
Any of these apparatuses may include an intermediate catheter having a lumen as described herein. The inversion support catheter may be within the lumen of the intermediate support catheter and may be extended distally from the intermediate catheter to deploy the knitted tube so that the flexible tube may expand into the first configuration.
As mentioned, described herein are methods for removing a clot from a vessel a larger diameter (and therefore a larger clot diameter) than even the expanded flexible tube of the apparatus. For example, described herein are methods of removing a clot from a vessel having an inner diameter (ID) comprising: advancing an inverting tube apparatus through the vessel until a distal end of the inverting tube apparatus is proximate to a clot, wherein the inverting tube apparatus comprises an inversion support catheter, a puller within a lumen of the support catheter, and a knitted tube having a first end coupled to a distal end region of the puller, and a second end that is free to move relative to the inserting support catheter, wherein the knitted tube comprises a filament knitted to form a plurality of interlocking loop stitches, wherein each loop stitch has a stitch length; expanding the knitted tube to a first configuration along an outer surface of the inverting tube catheter to an outer diameter that between 10% and 80% of an inner diameter of the vessel for a first region of the knitted tube that is adjacent to the first end, wherein the knitted tube has a second configuration within the inverting tube catheter having an inner diameter that is greater than 30% of an inner diameter of the inversion support catheter, and wherein a second region of the knitted tube adjacent to the second end has an expanded outer diameter that is less than the expanded outer diameter of the first configuration; pulling the puller proximally within the inversion support catheter to roll the knitted tube over the distal end of the inversion support catheter so that the knitted tube inverts over a distal end of the inversion support catheter, driving the loop stitches outward from the kitted tube by between 0.5 and 10 mm; capturing the clot with the knitted tube; and pulling the clot proximally into the inversion support catheter.
These methods may also include sliding the second end along the length of the inversion support catheter when pulling the puller proximally, wherein the second end comprises a cuff having a stiffness that is greater than a region of the knitted tube adjacent to the cuff.
Any of these methods may include limiting travel of the knitted tube so that the second end does not roll and invert over the distal end of the inversion support catheter when pulling the puller proximally.
In general, advancing may comprise advancing over a guidewire.
Expanding of the flexible tube (e.g., knitted tube) may comprise exposing the knitted tube from out of an intermediate catheter, wherein the inversion support catheter is within a lumen of the intermediate support catheter.
The features and aspects of the various embodiments of the disclosed inventions are set forth with particularity in the claims that follow. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:
In general, described herein are inverting tractor mechanical thrombectomy apparatus having a tractor tube, configured as an inverting flexible tractor tube that may be pulled proximally to invert over and into the distal end of an elongate inversion support catheter. An end of the tractor tube may be coupled to a puller (e.g., pull wire, pull catheter, etc.) to provide the proximal pulling force. In particular, described herein are apparatuses and methods of using them that improve or enhance tracking of the apparatus from a patient insertion side (e.g., a femoral region or elsewhere) though a tortious vessel, to a deployment site where the apparatus may be deployed to mechanically remove a clot by rolling the tractor tube into the elongate inversion support catheter and grabbing the clot.
In general, the apparatus may be adapted to improve tracking by preventing stiffening or loss of flexibility of the elongate inversion support catheter that may otherwise occur when the tractor tube, which may extend along a substantial distance proximally from the distal open end of the elongate inversion support catheter, applies a compressive force on the elongate inversion support catheter. This may occur, for example, when the apparatus is deployed through the vessel and/or through an intermediate catheter. Although the outer surface of the elongate inversion support catheter, and/or the outer surface of the tractor tube may be lubricated to reduce friction, the distal movement of the apparatus may still result in a drag force on and portion of the tractor tube that is on the outside surface of the elongate inversion support catheter. The resulting drag force is transferred to the distal end of the elongate inversion support catheter, resulting in a compressive force on the elongate inversion support catheter. An example of this is illustrated in
This issue may be exacerbated when the apparatus includes an elongate inversion support catheter that is configured to have both a high column strength (resisting compression) and an increased flexibility, e.g., by including one or more cut-outs, slots, etc. arranged down the length of the elongate inversion support catheter. For example, metal tubes (e.g., Nitinol tubes, etc.) having transversely arranged slots cut into them along the length of the elongate inversion support catheter may have a high column strength, while remaining sufficiently flexible (at least in an unloaded/un-tensioned configuration).
In general, an inverting tractor mechanical thrombectomy apparatus for removing a clot from a vessel may be a system, assembly or device including an elongate inversion support catheter (such as those mentioned above), having a distal end and a distal annulus (distal end opening), and a flexible tractor assembly including a flexible tractor tube coupled to an elongate puller within the elongate inversion support catheter. The flexible tractor tube is configured to roll and invert over the distal end opening of the elongate inversion support catheter. Knitted tractor tubes are of particular interested and described herein, although it should be understood that other tractor tubes, e.g., woven, braided, etc., may be used.
Tracking of any of the inverting tractor mechanical thrombectomy apparatus described herein may include an intermediate catheter (I.C.) as a delivery catheter along with a guidewire. For example,
In
In some variations the distal end 105 of the elongate inversion support catheter is adapted so that the tractor may slide or roll and invert over the distal end of the catheter without being caught (binding, jamming) or without substantial friction. For example, in some variations the distal tip (end) may be curved or radiused, particularly on the outer surface (e.g., the transition from outer diameter to inner diameter).
FIG. 1C1 shows an example of a flexible tractor tube 111 coupled to an elongate puller 113, forming a pullable tractor assembly 140. In this example, the tractor tube 111 is shown integrated with the puller 113 and extending back over the puller. The puller in this example is a catheter (e.g. a micro catheter, also referred to herein as a PMC or pull micro catheter). In this example, the opposite end of the flexible tractor tube 111 is open and free (e.g., not connected to the puller or catheter, e.g. elongate inversion support catheter). As will be described in greater detail below, this open, free, end may be adapted to be expanded and held open, e.g., by shape setting back on itself and/or by including an annular bias, to enhance deployment and positioning of the catheter between the flexible tractor tube and the puller. In FIGS. 1C1 and 1C2, the tractor tube is formed of material (e.g., wove, knitted, braided, etc.) that is flexible and elongate. The tractor 111 is shown extended from the puller in a first configuration. It may be particularly beneficial if the relaxed outer diameter of the flexible tractor in this first configuration has a greater outer diameter than the outer diameter of the catheter of the elongate inversion support into which the tractor will be positioned prior to inverting. The flexible and tubular tractor 111 may be sufficiently soft and flexible (e.g., having a low collapse strength) so as to easily roll and fold over the distal aperture of the elongate inversion support. The tractor 111 may be configured, e.g., by shape-setting (heat setting, etc.), to expand in the relaxed first configuration to a radial diameter that is between 1.1 and 10 times (e.g., between 1.1× and 5×, between 1.1× and 4×, etc.) the diameter of the inner diameter of the catheter of the elongate inversion support when unconstrained. In FIG. 1C2, the tractor tube 111 is shown coupled to a guidewire (non-hollow structure) 115. The tractor may be formed of a mesh, braided, woven, knitted, or sheet of material and is generally adapted to grasp the object to be removed (e.g., blood clot).
In
In general the mechanical thrombectomy apparatuses described herein may be highly flexible, both before actuating and during operation. For example, the flexible tractor may not increase the stiffness/flexibility of the catheter of the elongate inversion support, and particularly the distal end region of the catheter too much, to avoid impacting maneuverability, particularly within tortious vessels of the neurovasculature. Described herein are flexible tractor tube portions that increase the stiffness of the last “y” cm (e.g., the distal most 20 cm, 18 cm, 15 cm, 12 cm, 10 cm, 9 cm, 8 cm, 7 cm, 6 cm, 5 cm, 4 cm, 3 cm, 2 cm, 1 cm, etc.) of the catheter less than a predetermined percentage (e.g., less than 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 30%, etc.). For example, described herein are flexible tractor tube portions that pass through the catheter and double back over the distal end of the catheter but increase the stiffness of a distal 5 cm of the catheter by less than 15% of the stiffness of the distal 5 cm of the catheter without the flexible tube extending therethrough and doubling back over the distal end of the catheter.
The tractors may be woven, braided and/or knitted materials. For woven and braided materials, which may include a plurality of fibers that are woven or braided to form the inverting tube, these structures may be tuned to prevent jamming and/or to reduce the force necessary to pull the tractor and invert over the catheter tip. For example, the mechanical atherectomy apparatus may include a braid-type tractor that can roll freely around the tip of catheter even in a tortuous anatomy and when grabbing clot by tuning one or more of the braid structure; minimizing the braid angle; including a hydrophilic coating on the distal aspect of the catheter outer diameter (OD) or the inner diameter (ID) of the braid (e.g., tractor); including a radiused wall on the catheter; and/or increasing the stiffness of the distal tip region relative to adjacent proximal regions. Alternatively, it may be advantages to have a hydrophilic coating on 1, 3, 5, 10, or 15 cm of the distal ID or the entire catheter ID. This may even enhance aspiration of the clot without a tractor element.
As mentioned, the tractor (e.g., braided, woven, knitted, etc.) may be configured to collapse down into the inner diameter (ID) of the catheter as little as possible. For example the tractor may collapse to an ID that is greater than, equal to, or within 90%, 85%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, or 50% of the catheter inner diameter (ID)/Catheter Tip OD, since, when the tractor is being pulled around catheter tip it may create axial tension on the tractor (e.g., braid, knit, etc.) that can inadvertently cause the tractor to jam on the catheter tip. When tractor is pulled around catheter tip, the tractor is being pulled in the axial orientation creating axial tension on tractor structure as the tractor is being pulled through the catheter ID. By having the tractor elements jam at an ID greater than or equal to 90%, 85%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, or 50% of the catheter ID (or in some variations, OD), when being axially tensioned, the tractor is less likely to grab/synch down onto the catheter tip, helping the braid roll around the catheter tip with less axial force applied by the user. If less axial force is required by the user to pull the tractor structure around the tip then the catheter tip is less likely to buckle or deflect when retracting the tractor. It may be advantageous to minimize the chance the catheter tip will buckle. The tractor can be tuned to “jam” at a specific ID by controlling any of the following variables and in any combination: selecting a specific number of braid ends, selecting the size/diameter of the braid ends; selecting the braid material (e.g., multifilament or monofilament); heat setting the bias on the braid (e.g., braid diameter); and selecting a braid pattern, e.g., 1×2, 1×1 or any other pattern.
The braid angle may be minimized to prevent locking up of the rolling of the tractor over the catheter end opening. Typically, the lower the braid angle (e.g., 45 degrees or less, 40 degrees or less, 35 degrees or less, 30 degrees or less, 25 degrees or less, 20 degrees or less, etc.) the less likely it is to have the braid cross over points catch on the catheter tip.
In any of the variations described herein, the catheter and/or a surface of the tractor may be coated to enhance rolling over the distal end region of the catheter. It may be helpful to have a hydrophilic coating on the distal aspect of the catheter OD or the ID of the tractor so the tractor can more easily side over the catheters distal end and around the tip of the catheter when pulled through the inside of the catheter.
The radius wall of the catheter tip may be chosen/set to within a range that allows sliding. For example, it may be helpful for the tip of the catheter to have the largest radius possible but at least 0.025″ radius wall on the catheter, ideally approximately 0.05″ radius wall.
The stiffness of the distal of the elongate inversion support catheter may be sufficiently stiff to prevent collapse as the tractor is pulled; it may also be lubricious (e.g., by a coating or material property). The distal most section of the elongate inversion support catheter tip (e.g., the last 5 mm) may be fabricated of a material which is stiff enough and lubricious enough so the distal tip of the catheter does not collapse or buckle inward ward when the braid structure is rolling around the catheter tip. Thus, the distal tip may have a stiffness that is greater than the more proximal region at the distal end of the catheter.
It may be helpful or desirable to have pores in the tractor. A lack of gaps or small pore size may limit the ability of the braid to grab clot. Alternatively or additionally, it may be desirable to form a braid structure with texture. One example is to braid two or more different diameter braid ends into the same structure: the difference in braid end diameters will help form a texture to the braid structures outer surface, aiding the grabbing of the clot when rolling the braid-dozer around the catheter tip.
As an alternative (or in addition) the tractor may be configured to lock so it does not compress in diameter during axial load by adding a coating, laminate or adhesive to the braid at a desired diameter. Adding a thin coating, laminate or adhesive can inhibit the braid elements from sliding with respect to each other, thereby locking the braid to a specific diameter. The coating can be applied while leaving the majority of the pores and pore area substantially open. Examples of thin coatings include urethanes and silicones with and without hydrophilic coatings and hydrophilic coatings with no tie layer.
As mentioned above, any of the apparatuses described herein may be configured to provide enhance delivery of the apparatus though the tortious anatomy of the vessels in order to deploy the apparatuses near the clot. For example,
Preloaded Apparatuses
One solution to the problem with tracking of the inverting mechanical thrombectomy apparatuses such as those described herein, and particularly those having a high flexibility, high column strength elongate inversion support catheter (which may stiffen when placed under even relatively small compressive forces from their distal end by the tractor tube) is to preload the inverting mechanical thrombectomy apparatuses within an intermediate catheter so that a portion of the inverting mechanical thrombectomy apparatus is protected within the body of the intermediate catheter, while the rest of the intermediate catheter portion is advanced over and/or along (with) a guidewire. For example,
In the pre-assembled configuration shown in
The tractor tube in the pre-assembled apparatus of
The portion of the tractor tube 315 and puller 319 (e.g., pull micro catheter, or pmc) in this pre-loaded example may extend distally and ride over the guidewire 317. The tractor tube and puller may also be longitudinally fixed relative to the intermediate catheter 303 (e.g., by releasably locking, e.g., at the distal end region) or they may be somewhat longitudinally slideable (and, in some variations, prevented from exceeding a range of, e.g., between about 1 mm and 20 cm from the distal end opening 305 of the intermediate catheter 303.
In practice, the portion 327 of the tractor tube 315 that extends outside of the intermediate catheter 303 may be between about 1 mm and about 20 cm (e.g., between about 1 cm and about 7 cm, between about 1 cm and about 10 cm, between about 1 cm and about 15 cm, between about 2 cm and about 10 cm, between about 2 cm and about 7 cm, etc.). As mentioned, this distance may be fixed (e.g., by fixing the puller with respect to the push catheter and/or I.C.), or variable. In any of these variations, the puller may extend some distance 329 beyond the distal attachment site for the flexible tractor tube, or the tractor tube may be attached at the distal end of the puller. The distance from the attachment site of the tractor tube and the distal end of the puller may be between about 0 mm and about 10 cm, for example (e.g., between about 1 mm and about 10 cm, between about 1 mm and about 5 cm, etc.).
In variations in which the pre-loaded apparatus is configured with the puller (and therefore the tractor tube) and/or the elongate inversion support catheter fixed relative to the intermediate catheter for delivery of the apparatus to the clot (e.g., adjacent to the clot), once in the deployment location, the elongate inversion support catheter and/or puller may be unlocked so that they may move independently of the intermediate catheter. In some variations, the elongate inversion support catheter may be unlocked first, so that it can be advanced distally into the tractor tube and over the puller; once the distal end of the elongate inversion support catheter is near the attachment site for the tractor tube on the puller, the puller may be also be released (manually or automatically).
Another variation of a pre-loaded inverting tractor mechanical thrombectomy apparatus for removing a clot from a vessel configured to be delivered through a tortious anatomy is shown in
In
In operation, the pre-assembled apparatus shown in
Another example of a pre-loaded inverting tractor mechanical thrombectomy apparatus for removing a clot from a vessel configured to be delivered through a tortious anatomy. In
In operation, the apparatus shown in
The examples shown in
As an alternative to the pre-assembled configurations described in
Some variations an inverting tractor mechanical thrombectomy apparatus for removing a clot from a vessel configured to be delivered through a tortious anatomy are configured for delivery and deployment to remove a clot without needing an intermediate catheter. For example, in some variations all, or most of, the tractor tube is withdrawn into the elongate inversion support catheter portion of the apparatus. Thus, the outer surface of the apparatus is the outer surface of the elongate inversion support catheter, which may be smooth, and/or lubricated, and therefore less likely than the tractor tube to provoke a compressive force on the distal end region that would otherwise stiffen the elongate inversion support catheter and prevent it from navigating a tortious vessel. For example,
In
For example, in
As shown in
In general, when deploying any of the inverting tractor mechanical thrombectomy apparatuses described herein, and in particular, the pre-loaded inverting tractor mechanical thrombectomy apparatuses, the deployment may include the general steps described below. These steps may be customized as indicated herein. First, obtaining access with sheath to the patient's common carotid or ICA. Inject contrast through the sheath to image the vessel. Before, during or shortly after, on the back table (e.g., where the proximal end of the mechanical thrombectomy apparatus is held/prepared), flush the intermediate catheter (I.C.) and connect it to a first rotating hemostatic valve (RHV A), then introduce the elongate inversion support catheter (“880 Device”), puller and tractor through RHV A, e.g., using a peel-away sheath. The elongate inversion support catheter may then be positioned relative to the I.C., e.g., within about 1 cm proximal to the tip of the I.C., as shown in
The apparatus may then be tracked to the desired location (e.g., near the clot). Once in position, the apparatus may be used to perform the thrombectomy. For example, RHV A and B may be loosened. The coupling between the elongate inversion support catheter and the I.C. may be released, as may any coupling between the puller and the I.C. and/or elongate inversion support catheter. The elongate inversion support catheter may be advanced over the puller until its distal end meets the distal connection between the tractor tube and the puller. The I.C. may be pulled back to unsheathe the tractor tube. The elongate inversion support catheter and I.C. may again be locked in position relative to each other. RHV A may be tightened, and the elongate inversion support catheter may be advanced to the clot face (possible with aspiration through the puller). With a slight pressure forward (distally) on the pusher (and/or I.C.), the puller may be pulled slowing proximally to ingest the clot. Alignment markers on the elongate inversion support catheter and the tractor (e.g., a region at the end of the tractor tube on the outside of the elongate inversion support catheter, or a region of the puller) may be monitored to indicate when the tractor tube is completely inverted into the elongate inversion support catheter, and the user may stop pulling proximally on the puller. RHV A may be loosened and the IC may be advanced, with aspiration, over the elongate inversion support catheter, which may remove any excess clot or pieces of clot. The elongate inversion support catheter, puller and tractor may then be withdrawn proximally through the I.C. The I.C. may remain in position and contrast applied to again image through the vessel and a TICI score determined.
Another example of the operation of a pre-loaded assembly of an inverting tractor mechanical thrombectomy apparatus is shown in
In
As discussed above, in some variations the tractor tube may be completely rolled into the elongate inversion support catheter before a clot has been completely removed. In such cases, it may be helpful to ensure that the clot is not ripped or fragmented during the process. In order to prevent this, the apparatus may be adapted to limit the movement of the puller and/or the tractor, in addition to (or instead of) using the vacuum and intermediate catheter, as described above.
If the clot is not fully captured by the apparatus, there is a risk that continuing to pull on the clot may disrupt it, e.g., cutting it into fragments. To avoid this, the apparatus may be configured to prevent the user from continuing to apply force to the clot once the tractor has been fully deployed. As mentioned, the user may be instructed to stop drawing the puller proximally once one or more markers indicate that the tractor tube has been retracted to a predetermined position. In particular, it may be beneficial to prevent the tractor tube from fully inverting over the tractor tube, as described in
In some variations, the apparatus may include a stop (e.g., in a handle region) preventing or limiting the puller to prevent it from extending beyond a predefined limit. For example, the limiter or puller stop may be configured as a physical stop on the puller portion of a handle that limits the travel of the puller.
As mentioned above, any of these apparatuses may include one or more features that may be used to improve tracking, and in particular, by preventing the elongate inversion support catheter from stiffening. This may be a problem with the high column-strength, highly flexible elongate inversion support catheters that include one or more slot or cut-out regions along their length. One feature that may be included, discussed above, is the use of configurations in which the tractor tube, and particularly knitted tractor tubes, are delivered in a compressed state, rather than a stretched state. As mentioned above, pinning one end of the tractor tube in the intermediate catheter may be configured to do this in some of the preloaded configurations described above.
This compressed state may be maintained by pinning, securing or holding one or more ends or lengths of the tractor tube in place when the tractor tube is compressed. Any appropriate mechanism for holding the compression may be used. For example, the apparatus may include a stop or lock to engage with one or more regions of the tractor tube and hold it in a compressed configuration during tracking.
Alternatively, or additionally, any of these apparatuses may include a housing or garage that may be used to hold the knitted tractor tube in compression. For example,
Removal of Large Clots
Any of the mechanical thrombectomy apparatuses described herein may be adapted to remove large clots. In general, a large clot may be large in either or both diameter (outer diameter) and length, and may be large relative to the mechanical thrombectomy apparatus. For example, the clot may have a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the apparatus (e.g., larger than the expanded diameter of the flexible tube which captures the clot). Thus, the apparatus may be configured to capture and compress the clot so that it may be withdrawn from the lumen of the vessel, into the lumen of the intermediate catheter and/or inversion support catheter. The apparatus may also be configured to capture and remove clots that are longer than the ability of the flexible tube to hold.
In general,
The apparatus may be distally advanced over the guidewire and positioned adjacent to the clot 1815. The apparatus may initially be pre-loaded in a tracking configuration, in which the outer (inversion support) catheter 1803 is retracted into the lumen of the intermediate catheter 1801 while the puller (puller catheter 1805) with the attached flexible tube 1809 extending proximally from the distal end 1826, is moved distally to track over the guidewire. In
FIG. 18C1 shows an example of a prototype device corresponding to the apparatus configured as shown in
Once the apparatus is in position near the clot, suction may be applied through the puller catheter, as shown in
In
Thus, in the example shown in
In
In practice for most neurovascular and/or peripheral vascular applications, the knit/stitch length may be between about 0.5 mm and about 10 mm (e.g., about 0.5 mm, between about 0.1 to 0.5 mm, about 1.0 mm, between about 0.5-1.0 mm, about 1.5 mm, between about 1.0-1.5 mm, about 2.0 mm, between about 1.5-2.0 mm, about 2.5 mm, between about 2.0-2.5 mm, about 3.0 mm, between about 3.0-3.5 mm, between about 0.5 mm-10 mm (e.g., by any 0.5 mm increment), etc.
In general, the apparatuses described herein may compress a clot. For example,
Another example of an apparatus for removing clot is shown in
In general, the amount of clot that may be contained (e.g., “eaten”) by the rolling and inverting devices described herein in a single pass may be a function of the diameter of the clot, the length of the flexible tube, the structure of the flexible tube (e.g., woven, knitted, etc.) and most importantly, the expanded outer diameter of the flexible tube. For example,
In general, the knit expands to a larger diameter than the outer diameter of the catheter once the apparatus is delivered to a clot site when the vessel ID is much larger than the catheter OD. Furthermore, the flexible tube (e.g., knit tube) may expand to a larger diameter than the catheter once it is delivered to clot site, particularly when the vessel ID is much larger than the catheter OD. This is illustrated, e.g., in
As shown in
Re-Sheathing the Tractor
Any of the inverting tube apparatuses described herein may be configured so that the inverting tube apparatus may be retracted (e.g., re-sheathed) into an intermediate catheter. In particular, any of the inverting tube apparatuses that include a cuff at one end (e.g., at the distal end) of the inverting flexible tube may be re-sheathed into the intermediate catheter after deployment, including after capturing all or a portion of a clot.
As shown in
At any point, either before or after flexible tube has completely, or mostly completely, withdrawn and inverted into the inversion support catheter, the apparatus, and in particular the inversion support catheter, flexible tube, cuff, and any captured clot material, may be withdrawn or re-sheathed back into the intermediate catheter 2713. However, in some cases, including (but not limited to) variations having a cuff 2711 at the second (e.g., distal) end of the flexible and inverting tube 2709 may make it difficult to re-insert the cuff back into the intermediate catheter, as illustrated in
In
To avoid this, the apparatus may be configured to include one or more cuff retainers that hold the cuff level and/or limit its movement so that it may slide into the intermediate catheter.
For example,
In
The inverting flexible tube sub-assembly (cuff, inverting flexible tube, and inversion support catheter) may be re-sheathed into the intermediate catheter 2813 after the puller has pulled the flexible tube into the inversing support catheter, so that the cuff has slid over the inverting support catheter to a predetermined position 2833 towards the distal end of the inversion support catheter, as shown in
Once the cuff retainer 2835 is engaged and applying force against the cuff to hold it in position relative to the inversion support catheter, the intermediate catheter 2813 maybe be slid distally 2850 over the distal end of the cuff and/or the sub-assembly including the cuff may be drawn proximally back in to the intermediate catheter. This is illustrated in
In the variation shown in
In some variations, the cuff retainer may be used to pull back the tractor to eject clot after use. For example, the apparatus (e.g., the sup-portion including the cuff, the flexible tube and the puller) may be reloaded on the inversion support catheter and/or material such as a clot captured in the apparatus may be ejected by pulling the cuff proximally (and in some variations pushing the puller/pusher 3005 distally).
Although the cuff retainer shown in
In some variations the cuff retainer is a cuff stop near or on a distal region of the inversion support catheter. For example, in
In
In addition to these mechanical cuff retainers (cuff stops), electrical and/or magnetic cuff retainers may be used. For example, the cuff retainer may be a magnetic or paramagnetic material that interacts with cuff (which may include a magnetic or parametric material) to limit movement of the cuff distally.
Any of the cuffs described herein may also include one or more tapered or shaped ends that also help re-sheath the apparatus. For example, in some variations, the proximal end of the cuff may be tapered towards the inversion support catheter.
The tapered regions of the cuff may extend over a portion of the cuff, e.g., between 5%-50% of the length of the cuff in the long-axis of the inversion support catheter (e.g., between 10% and 50%, between 15% and 50%, between 10% and 40%, etc.). The cuff may be any appropriate length, e.g., between 0.5 mm and 30 mm, between 1 mm and 20 mm, between 2 mm and 20 mm, greater than 2 mm, greater than 3 mm, greater than 4 mm, greater than 5 mm, greater than 6 mm, etc.).
Any of the apparatuses described herein may also be configured to be re-loadable. For example,
In
Once removed, the inverting flexible tube sub-assembly may then be removed, along with captured clot, from the inversion support catheter, and either a new inversion support-catheter pre-loaded with an inverting flexible tube sub-assembly may then be inserted into the sheath and back into the vessel to capture any additional clot material, or the same inversion support catheter may be re-loaded with a new inverting flexible tube sub-assembly, as shown in
In
In any of these variations, a guidewire may be use to insert and guide insertion of the inverting flexible tube sub-assembly and/or inversion support catheter to the clot material.
The steps of capturing clot, withdrawing the sub-assembly proximally and reloading anew sub-assembly, as illustrated in
Alternatively, as mentioned above, any of the apparatuses described herein may be configured to reusing inverting flexible tube sub-assembly and other portions of the apparatus. For example, the apparatus may be deployed to a clot, and used to remove at least a portion of the clot, and the clot, captured by the flexible tube, may be withdrawn out of the vessel, and ejected from the flexible tube, and the flexible tube (e.g., the inverting flexible tube sub-assembly including the flexible tube) reloaded, reinserted and used to remove additional clot. An example of this is illustrated in
In
Once the clot is ejected, as shown in
When a feature or element is herein referred to as being “on” another feature or element, it can be directly on the other feature or element or intervening features and/or elements may also be present. In contrast, when a feature or element is referred to as being “directly on” another feature or element, there are no intervening features or elements present. It will also be understood that, when a feature or element is referred to as being “connected”, “attached” or “coupled” to another feature or element, it can be directly connected, attached or coupled to the other feature or element or intervening features or elements may be present. In contrast, when a feature or element is referred to as being “directly connected”, “directly attached” or “directly coupled” to another feature or element, there are no intervening features or elements present. Although described or shown with respect to one embodiment, the features and elements so described or shown can apply to other embodiments. It will also be appreciated by those of skill in the art that references to a structure or feature that is disposed “adjacent” another feature may have portions that overlap or underlie the adjacent feature.
Terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. For example, as used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items and may be abbreviated as “/”.
Spatially relative terms, such as “under”, “below”, “lower”, “over”, “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is inverted, elements described as “under” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “over” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “under” can encompass both an orientation of over and under. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. Similarly, the terms “upwardly”, “downwardly”, “vertical”, “horizontal” and the like are used herein for the purpose of explanation only unless specifically indicated otherwise.
Although the terms “first” and “second” may be used herein to describe various features/elements (including steps), these features/elements should not be limited by these terms, unless the context indicates otherwise. These terms may be used to distinguish one feature/element from another feature/element. Thus, a first feature/element discussed below could be termed a second feature/element, and similarly, a second feature/element discussed below could be termed a first feature/element without departing from the teachings of the present invention.
Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word “comprise”, and variations such as “comprises” and “comprising” means various components can be co-jointly employed in the methods and articles (e.g., compositions and apparatuses including device and methods). For example, the term “comprising” will be understood to imply the inclusion of any stated elements or steps but not the exclusion of any other elements or steps.
In general, any of the apparatuses and methods described herein should be understood to be inclusive, but all or a sub-set of the components and/or steps may alternatively be exclusive, and may be expressed as “consisting of” or alternatively “consisting essentially of” the various components, steps, sub-components or sub-steps.
As used herein in the specification and claims, including as used in the examples and unless otherwise expressly specified, all numbers may be read as if prefaced by the word “about” or “approximately,” even if the term does not expressly appear. The phrase “about” or “approximately” may be used when describing magnitude and/or position to indicate that the value and/or position described is within a reasonable expected range of values and/or positions. For example, a numeric value may have a value that is +/−0.1% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−1% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−2% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−5% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−10% of the stated value (or range of values), etc. Any numerical values given herein should also be understood to include about or approximately that value, unless the context indicates otherwise. For example, if the value “10” is disclosed, then “about 10” is also disclosed. Any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein. It is also understood that when a value is disclosed that “less than or equal to” the value, “greater than or equal to the value” and possible ranges between values are also disclosed, as appropriately understood by the skilled artisan. For example, if the value “X” is disclosed the “less than or equal to X” as well as “greater than or equal to X” (e.g., where X is a numerical value) is also disclosed. It is also understood that the throughout the application, data is provided in a number of different formats, and that this data, represents endpoints and starting points, and ranges for any combination of the data points. For example, if a particular data point “10” and a particular data point “15” are disclosed, it is understood that greater than, greater than or equal to, less than, less than or equal to, and equal to 10 and 15 are considered disclosed as well as between 10 and 15. It is also understood that each unit between two particular units are also disclosed. For example, if 10 and 15 are disclosed, then 11, 12, 13, and 14 are also disclosed.
Although various illustrative embodiments are described above, any of a number of changes may be made to various embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention as described by the claims. For example, the order in which various described method steps are performed may often be changed in alternative embodiments, and in other alternative embodiments one or more method steps may be skipped altogether. Optional features of various device and system embodiments may be included in some embodiments and not in others. Therefore, the foregoing description is provided primarily for exemplary purposes and should not be interpreted to limit the scope of the invention as it is set forth in the claims.
The examples and illustrations included herein show, by way of illustration and not of limitation, specific embodiments in which the subject matter may be practiced. As mentioned, other embodiments may be utilized and derived there from, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Such embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be referred to herein individually or collectively by the term “invention” merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any single invention or inventive concept, if more than one is, in fact, disclosed. Thus, although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description.
This patent application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/583,803, filed on Nov. 9, 2017 and titled “INVERTING THROMBECTOMY APPARATUSES HAVING ENHANCED TRACKING”; and U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/664,822, filed on Apr. 30, 2018, and titled “INVERTING THROMBECTOMY APPARATUSES HAVING ENHANCED TRACKING”. This application is related to each of: U.S. application Ser. No. 15/291,015, filed Oct. 11, 2016, entitled “Mechanical Thrombectomy Apparatuses and Methods”; U.S. application Ser. No. 15/496,570, filed Apr. 25, 2017, entitled “Anti-Jamming and Macerating Thrombectomy Apparatuses and Methods”; U.S. application Ser. No. 15/496,668, filed Apr. 25, 2017, entitled “Pre-loaded inverting tractor Thrombectomy Apparatuses and Methods”; U.S. application Ser. No. 15/496,786, filed Apr. 25, 2017, entitled “Methods for Advancing Inverting Mechanical Thrombectomy Apparatuses in The Vasculature”; U.S. application Ser. No. 15/497,092, filed Apr. 25, 2017, entitled “Clot-Engulfing Mechanical Thrombectomy Apparatuses and Methods of use”; and U.S. application Ser. No. 15/611,546, filed Jun. 1, 2017, entitled “Inverting Thrombectomy Apparatuses And Methods.” The foregoing patent applications are each herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
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